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Wang S, Li X, Zheng C, Quereda JJ, Sun J, Yao H, Wu Z. Genomic characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of the underreported zoonotic pathogen Streptococcus pasteurianus and its co-colonization with Streptococcus suis. Vet Microbiol 2025; 303:110428. [PMID: 39954531 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2025] [Accepted: 02/11/2025] [Indexed: 02/17/2025]
Abstract
Streptococcus pasteurianus is an opportunistic pathogen affecting various animals and is an underreported zoonotic threat. It is also a causative agent of swine streptococcosis and can be co-detected with Streptococcus suis, another significant pig and zoonotic pathogen. However, the dynamics of co-colonization between these pathogens, along with the genomic features and antibiotic resistance profiles of S. pasteurianus, remain poorly understood. In this study, we developed a multiplex PCR (mPCR) assay to detect S. pasteurianus and S. suis in 827 tonsil samples from healthy pigs, with 81 samples positive for both pathogens. Pan-genome analysis revealed an open pan-genome, indicating an adaptable genome. Antibiotic resistance gene analysis identified 21 distinct genes, including the first identification of mef(A), msr(D), optrA, lnu(G), spw, dfrF, and fexA in S. pasteurianus. Strain WUSP082 carried 15 resistance genes, many of which were located on mobile genetic elements. ICEWUSP082-1 carries tet(O), erm(B), and ant(6)-Ia, showing 99.10 % sequence similarity to S. suis ICESsuZJ20091101-1. GIWUSP082-1, containing tet(L) and tet(M), shares 99.94 % similarity with S. suis 89-kb pathogenicity island. PlasmidWUSP082, carrying fexA, optrA, and erm(A), shares 98.85 % sequence homology with Enterococcus faecium plasmid pW6-2. All 15 strains collected from our lab displayed multidrug resistance, being resistant to at least four classes of antibiotics. Mouse infection experiments demonstrated the pathogenic potential of WUSP082, isolated from the tonsil of a healthy pig. This study advances our understanding of the genomic characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of S. pasteurianus, offering valuable insights for the surveillance and management of this under-recognized zoonotic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoyue Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China; WOAH Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xinchun Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China; WOAH Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Chenxu Zheng
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China; WOAH Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Juan J Quereda
- Grupo de investigación LisBio, Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia 46115, España
| | - Jie Sun
- Animal and Plant Inspection and Quarantine Technology Centre of Shenzhen Customs, China
| | - Huochun Yao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China; WOAH Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zongfu Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China; WOAH Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing 210014, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on the Technology of Pig-breeding and Pig-disease Prevention, Guangdong Haid Institute of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary, Guangzhou 511400, China.
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Zou D, Li F, Jiao SL, Dong JR, Xiao YY, Yan XL, Li Y, Ren D. Infantile bacterial meningitis combined with sepsis caused by Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies pasteurianus: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:6472-6478. [PMID: 39507122 PMCID: PMC11438687 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i31.6472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies pasteurianus (SGSP) is a rare pathogen responsible for infant sepsis and meningitis and is potentially overlooked because it is not included in routine group B streptococcal screenings. Hence, we present a case of SGSP-induced infant meningitis and sepsis, accompanied by bronchopneumonia induced by multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), providing insights into the identification, management, and prognosis of this bacterial infection. CASE SUMMARY A 45-day-old female infant presented with two episodes of high fever (maximum temperature: 39.5 °C) and two generalized grand mal seizure episodes that lasted over ten seconds and self-resolved without concomitant symptoms. Postadmission, the patient's C-reactive protein level was 40.73 mg/L, white blood cell count was 13.42 × 109/L, neutrophil ratio was 78.4%, procalcitonin level was 7.89 μg/L, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) white cell count was 36 × 106/L, multinucleated cell ratio was 95.2%, and protein concentration was 0.41 g/L. Blood and CSF culture revealed that the pathogen was SGSP. The bacterium was sensitive to ampicillin, furazolidone, penicillin, lincomycin, moxifloxacin, rifampicin, vancomycin, and levofloxacin but resistant to clindamycin and tetracycline. Sputum culture revealed the presence of MRSA, which was sensitive to vancomycin. The patient was diagnosed with meningitis and sepsis caused by SGSP, accompanied by bronchopneumonia induced by MRSA. Ceftriaxone (100 mg/kg/d) combined with vancomycin (10 mg/kg/dose, q6h) was given as an anti-infective treatment postadmission. After 12 days of treatment, the infant was discharged from the hospital with normal CSF, blood culture, and routine blood test results, and no complications, such as subdural effusion, were observed on cranial computed tomography. No growth retardation or neurological sequelae occurred during follow-up. CONCLUSION SGPSP-induced infant bacterial meningitis and sepsis should be treated with prompt blood and CSF cultures, and a sensitive antibiotic therapy to ensure a favorable prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zou
- Department of Pediatrics, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Fen Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shu-Li Jiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jin-Rong Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yao-Yao Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Dan Ren
- Department of Pediatrics, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan Province, China
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Cagri MA, Sahin M, Ersoy Y, Aydin C, Buyuk F. Geese as reservoirs of human colon cancer-associated Streptococcus gallolyticus. Res Vet Sci 2024; 176:105341. [PMID: 38963992 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Recently, an increased number of reports have described pathogens of animal origin that cause a variety of infections and a rise in their transmission to humans. Streptococcus gallolyticus, a member of the Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex (SBSEC), is one of these pathogens and infects a wide range of hosts from mammals to poultry and has a broad functionality ranging from pathogenicity to food fermentation. As S. gallolyticus causes complications including bacteremia, infective endocarditis, and colorectal malignancy in humans, it is important to investigate its occurrence in various hosts, including geese, to prevent potential zoonotic transmissions. This study aimed to investigate the presence of S. gallolyticus in the droppings of clinically healthy and diarrheic geese, which were raised intensively and semi-intensively, by the in vitro culture method, characterize the isolates recovered by PCR and sequence-based molecular methods and determine their antibiotic susceptibility by the disk diffusion and gradient test methods. For this purpose, 150 samples of fresh goose droppings were used. Culture positivity for S. gallolyticus was determined as 8% (12/150). PCR analysis identified 54.55% (n = 6) of the isolates as S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus and 45.45% (n = 5) as S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus. Following the 16S rRNA sequence and ERIC-PCR analyses, S. gallolyticus subspecies exhibited identical cluster and band profiles that could be easily distinguished from each other and were clonally identified. High rates of susceptibility to florfenicol, penicillin, rifampicin, and vancomycin were detected among the isolates, regardless of the subspecies diversity. Both subspecies showed high levels of resistance to bacitracin, clindamycin, doxycycline, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and erythromycin and multiple MDR profiles, indicating their potential to become superbugs. This first report from Türkiye demonstrates the occurrence of the S. gallolyticus subspecies in geese. In view of the recent increase of geese production and the consumption of goose meat in Türkiye, the occurrence of S. gallolyticus in geese should not be ignored to prevent zoonotic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mitat Sahin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Türkiye; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - Yaren Ersoy
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Kafkas University, Kars, Türkiye
| | - Cansu Aydin
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Fatih Buyuk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Türkiye.
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Takegami N, Matsuda SI, Iizuka M, Yamaguchi-Takegami N, Toda T, Yoshizawa T. A Rare Case of Meningitis Caused by Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus in an Immunocompetent Young Adult. Intern Med 2024; 63:323-326. [PMID: 37258163 PMCID: PMC10864060 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1785-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial meningitis is a life-threatening condition that is mainly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitis. Although Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus (Sgp) is also known to cause meningitis, its frequency is quite low, especially in adults. We herein report the first immunocompetent Japanese adult patient (20-year-old woman) with bacterial meningitis caused by Sgp. The patient showed dramatic improvement after antibiotic treatment. Although previous reports have described an association between Sgp infection and an immunosuppressive status, bowel and hepatobiliary diseases, or strongyloidiasis, our case did not demonstrate any of these conditions, suggesting that Sgp can cause meningitis even in young immunocompetent adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Takegami
- Department of Neurology, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Masaki Iizuka
- Department of Neurology, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nanaka Yamaguchi-Takegami
- Department of Neurology, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Toda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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Pasquereau-Kotula E, du Merle L, Sismeiro O, Pietrosemoli N, Varet H, Legendre R, Trieu-Cuot P, Dramsi S. Transcriptome profiling of human col\onic cells exposed to the gut pathobiont Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294868. [PMID: 38033043 PMCID: PMC10688619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus gallolyticus sp. gallolyticus (SGG) is a gut pathobiont involved in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). To decipher SGG contribution in tumor initiation and/or acceleration respectively, a global transcriptome was performed in human normal colonic cells (FHC) and in human tumoral colonic cells (HT29). To identify SGG-specific alterations, we chose the phylogenetically closest relative, Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. macedonicus (SGM) as control bacterium. We show that SGM, a bacterium generally considered as safe, did not induce any transcriptional changes on the two human colonic cells. The transcriptional reprogramming induced by SGG in normal FHC and tumoral HT29 cells was significantly different, although most of the genes up- and down-regulated were associated with cancer disease. Top up-regulated genes related to cancer were: (i) IL-20, CLK1, SORBS2, ERG1, PIM1, SNORD3A for normal FHC cells and (ii) TSLP, BHLHA15, LAMP3, ZNF27B, KRT17, ATF3 for cancerous HT29 cells. The total number of altered genes were much higher in cancerous than in normal colonic cells (2,090 vs 128 genes being affected, respectively). Gene set enrichment analysis reveals that SGG-induced strong ER- (endoplasmic reticulum) stress and UPR- (unfolded protein response) activation in colonic epithelial cells. Our results suggest that SGG induces a pro-tumoral shift in human colonic cells particularly in transformed cells potentially accelerating tumor development in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Pasquereau-Kotula
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biology of Gram-positive Pathogens Unit, Paris, France
| | - Laurence du Merle
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biology of Gram-positive Pathogens Unit, Paris, France
| | - Odile Sismeiro
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biology of Gram-positive Pathogens Unit, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Paris, France
| | - Natalia Pietrosemoli
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Paris, France
| | - Hugo Varet
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Paris, France
| | - Rachel Legendre
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Trieu-Cuot
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biology of Gram-positive Pathogens Unit, Paris, France
| | - Shaynoor Dramsi
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biology of Gram-positive Pathogens Unit, Paris, France
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Pasquereau-Kotula E, Nigro G, Dingli F, Loew D, Poullet P, Xu Y, Kopetz S, Davis J, Peduto L, Robbe-Masselot C, Sansonetti P, Trieu-Cuot P, Dramsi S. Global proteomic identifies multiple cancer-related signaling pathways altered by a gut pathobiont associated with colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14960. [PMID: 37696912 PMCID: PMC10495336 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41951-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we investigated the oncogenic role of Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus (SGG), a gut bacterium associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). We showed that SGG UCN34 accelerates colon tumor development in a chemically induced CRC murine model. Full proteome and phosphoproteome analysis of murine colons chronically colonized by SGG UCN34 revealed that 164 proteins and 725 phosphorylation sites were differentially regulated. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) indicates a pro-tumoral shift specifically induced by SGG UCN34, as ~ 90% of proteins and phosphoproteins identified were associated with digestive cancer. Comprehensive analysis of the altered phosphoproteins using ROMA software revealed up-regulation of several cancer hallmark pathways such as MAPK, mTOR and integrin/ILK/actin, affecting epithelial and stromal colonic cells. Importantly, an independent analysis of protein arrays of human colon tumors colonized with SGG showed up-regulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK pathways, providing clinical relevance to our findings. To test SGG's capacity to induce pre-cancerous transformation of the murine colonic epithelium, we grew ex vivo organoids which revealed unusual structures with compact morphology. Taken together, our results demonstrate the oncogenic role of SGG UCN34 in a murine model of CRC associated with activation of multiple cancer-related signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Pasquereau-Kotula
- Biology of Gram-Positive Pathogens Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, 75015, Paris, France.
| | - Giulia Nigro
- Stroma, Inflammation and Tissue Repair Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224, 75015, Paris, France
- Microenvironment and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Florent Dingli
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CurieCoreTech Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Damarys Loew
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CurieCoreTech Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Poullet
- Institut Curie, Bioinformatics Core Facility (CUBIC), INSERM U900, PSL Research University, Mines Paris Tech, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Yi Xu
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, School of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer Davis
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Lucie Peduto
- Stroma, Inflammation and Tissue Repair Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Robbe-Masselot
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Sansonetti
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, INSERM U1202, and College de France, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Trieu-Cuot
- Biology of Gram-Positive Pathogens Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Shaynoor Dramsi
- Biology of Gram-Positive Pathogens Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, 75015, Paris, France.
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Ma M, Wang S, Zhu X, Li X, Bao Y, Chen X, Wu Z. The Identification of Streptococcus pasteurianus Obtained from Six Regions in China by Multiplex PCR Assay and the Characteristics of Pathogenicity and Antimicrobial Resistance of This Zoonotic Pathogen. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040615. [PMID: 37111501 PMCID: PMC10142533 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pasteurianus is a zoonotic pathogen causing meningitis and bacteremia in animals and humans. A lack of accurate and convenient detection methods hinders preventing and controlling diseases caused by S. pasteurianus. Additionally, there is limited knowledge about its pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance characteristics, as there are only three complete genome sequences available. In this study, we established a multiplex PCR assay for the detection of S. pasteurianus, which was applied to six fecal samples from cattle with diarrhea and 285 samples from healthy pigs. Out of the samples tested, 24 were positive, including 5 from pig tonsils, 18 from pig hilar lymph nodes, and 1 from cattle feces. Two strains were isolated from positive samples, and their complete genomes were sequenced. The two strains were non-virulent in mice and multidrug-resistant by the antimicrobial susceptibility test. We first found the presence of genes tet(O/W/32/O) and lsa(E) in S. pasteurianus, leading to resistance to lincosamides and tetracyclines. The convenient and specific multiplex PCR assay provides essential technical support for epidemiological research, and the complete genome sequence of two non-virulent strains contributes to understanding this zoonotic bacterium's genomic characteristics and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaohang Ma
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Shuoyue Wang
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xinchi Zhu
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xinchun Li
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yinli Bao
- Engineering Research Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Original Zoonosis, College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zongfu Wu
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China
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8
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Gunta PS, Jakulla RS, Singh D. Infective Endocarditis as a Complication of Crohn's Disease on Immunotherapy. Cureus 2022; 14:e32847. [PMID: 36694487 PMCID: PMC9867600 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A patient with a history of Crohn's disease on infliximab presented to the hospital with sepsis and a new heart murmur. He was found to have native aortic valve infective endocarditis from a rare species of group D Streptococcusin his blood. The patient was also noted to be in an acute flare of Crohn's disease. The hospital course was complicated by florid heart failure from acute aortic insufficiency. He eventually improved after source control and appropriate antibiotic therapy. S. pasteuranis bacteremia and endocarditis are attributable to the patient's immunocompromised state as a result of infliximab treatment. While S. pasteuranis is infrequently grown in blood cultures, it is commonly found in normal gut flora. We hypothesize that it gained access to the bloodstream through the epithelium in the terminal ileum, which was inflamed due to an acute flare of Crohn's disease.
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9
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Invasive Streptococcus Gallolyticus Infections in Infants At Texas Children's Hospital: A 9-Year Retrospective Review. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2022; 41:e494-e497. [PMID: 36223237 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000003682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus is an unusual pathogen in infants, which causes sepsis and meningitis. We describe the clinical course and treatment of 15 infants with bacteremia and/or meningitis due to S. gallolyticus. Outcomes were favorable with limited neuroimaging findings. One-third of isolates displayed reduced susceptibility to penicillin highlighting the importance of performing antimicrobial susceptibility testing in infants with meningitis.
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Wang S, Ma M, Liang Z, Zhu X, Yao H, Wang L, Wu Z. Pathogenic investigations of Streptococcus pasteurianus, an underreported zoonotic pathogen, isolated from a diseased piglet with meningitis. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:2609-2620. [PMID: 34871467 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus pasteurianus, an underreported opportunistic pathogen, is considered an increasingly recognized cause of meningitis and bacteremia in many animals and humans worldwide. However, except for some epidemiological studies, there is no report about the gene-deletion mutagenesis, virulence factors, reservoir niches or animal infection models for this pathogen. In this study, we first isolated an S. pasteurianus strain from a newly weaned piglet's brain with meningitis. The genomic sequence of this swine isolate WUSP067 shared high homology with that of two human strains. The comparative genome analysis showed that strain WUSP067 contained a fucose utilization cluster absent in human strains, and it shared 91% identity with that of an integrative and conjugative element (ICE) ICEssuZJ20091101-2 from Streptococcus suis, another important swine bacterial pathogen. Strain WUSP067 was resistant to erythromycin, tulathromycin, lincomycin, clindamycin, doxycycline and gentamycin, and ICEs are vehicles for harbouring antimicrobial resistance genes. The infection model was established using the 3-week-old newly weaned ICR mice. The 50% lethal dose value of strain WUSP067 was 4.0 × 107 colony-forming units per mouse. The infected mice showed severe signs of meningitis and pathological changes in brains. Furthermore, the capsule-deficient mutant was generated using natural transformation, and we showed that capsule was an essential virulence factor for S. pasteurianus. In addition, we found that tonsils and hilar lymph nodes of healthy pigs may be reservoir niches for this bacterium. Thus, our study provided valuable information about the pathogenetic characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of S. pasteurianus and paved the way for studying its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoyue Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, China
| | - Miaohang Ma
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, China
| | - Zijing Liang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinchi Zhu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, China
| | - Huochun Yao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, China
| | - Liping Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zongfu Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, China
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11
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Agrawal V, Viswanathan S, Selvaraj J, Pillai V. Streptococcus gallolyticus-related spinal epidural abscess. BMJ Case Rep 2022; 15:e250733. [PMID: 35999017 PMCID: PMC9403119 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-250733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is a surgical emergency if it causes paraplegia. Staphylococcus aureus and streptococci are the most common causes. Streptococcus gallolyticus has been reported to cause SEA only on three occasions earlier-all were associated with endocarditis or colonic malignancy. We report an older woman with diabetic ketoacidosis who presented with poorly localised back pain, fever and altered sensorium. Her lumbar puncture revealed frank pus, and MRI showed an SEA. She could not be weaned from mechanical ventilation post-surgical decompression, and she succumbed to ventilator-associated pneumonia. A triad of fever, back pain and neurological deficit should lead one to consider intraspinal suppuration. This report is the first S. gallolyticus-related SEA from India and the first in literature that was not associated with either endocarditis or colonic malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Agrawal
- Department of General Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Stalin Viswanathan
- Department of General Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Jayachandran Selvaraj
- Department of General Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Vivekanandan Pillai
- Department of General Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
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12
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Abstract
Recent rapid and large-scale urbanization has had a profound impact on human lifestyles and is associated with an increased risk of many diseases. Recent studies have revealed large differences in the human gut microbiota across populations in countries at different stages of urbanization. However, few studies have analyzed the impact of ongoing urbanization within the same geographic region. In this study, we sampled 214 participants in communities of different urbanization levels within two provinces of China and reconstructed draft prokaryotic genomes with metagenome sequences. The genomes were clustered into 447 species-level operational taxonomic units (OTUs), among which 196 did not have genomes in public reference databases according to the GTDB-Tk pipeline. The novel OTUs comprised 19.1% abundance in rural participants and 16.0% in urban participants, increasing the proportion of classified reads from 47.6% to 65.3% across all samples. Among the unknown OTUs, 26 OTUs present in rural samples were absent in urban participants, while 70 unknown OTUs were more abundant in rural than urban participants, suggesting potential loss and growth suppression of novel human symbionts during urbanization. Moreover, there were a higher number of genes, especially transporters, identified in genomes assembled from urban samples. This change in gene functionality indicates that urbanization not only altered the community structure of the human gut microbiota but also impacted its functional capacity. Taken together, these data show a dramatic change in the microbiota with urbanization and suggest the importance of cataloging microbial diversity from rural populations while these communities still exist. IMPORTANCE Previous studies have reported the differences in human gut microbiota across populations of different urbanization levels, but most of the studies focused on populations across different geographic regions. In this study, we analyzed the impact of ongoing urbanization in neighborhoods within the same geographic region. By assembling shotgun metagenome sequences, we reconstructed prokaryotic genomes from human gut microbiota and found that the novel bacterial OTUs were less abundant and less prevalent in urban participants than in rural participants, indicating potential loss and suppression of novel human symbionts during urbanization. Genes, including transporters and antibiotic resistance genes, were enriched in genomes of urban origins, suggesting change in functional potential of the microbiota. These findings suggest the significant influence of urbanization on human gut microbiota and the necessity of exploring the microbial diversity of rural populations.
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13
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Intrauterine infection and postpartum bacteremia due to Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp gallolyticus: An emerging concern. IDCases 2022; 29:e01562. [PMID: 35815109 PMCID: PMC9263517 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2022.e01562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus gallolyticus is a gram-positive coccus belonging to the family Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex (SBSEC). Most cases of SBSEC bacteremia are reported in elderly males with underlying hepatobiliary disease and associated with infective endocarditis (IE) or colonic malignancy. The gastrointestinal tract is the most common portal of entry, followed by the urinary tract and hepatobiliary tree. We present 5 cases of intrapartum bacteremia caused by S. gallolyticus subsp gallolyticus reported from the labor unit of our hospital from 2019 to 2021. There was histopathological or microbiological evidence of chorioamnionitis in each case. All the mothers were below the age of 35 years, and none of them had underlying hepatobiliary or colonic disease. All maternal antenatal screenings for group B streptococci (GBS) were negative. All the isolates were susceptible to penicillins, ceftriaxone, carbapenems, and vancomycin. Three of them were treated with ceftriaxone and two with aminopenicillins. Duration of treatment varied from 8 days to 14 days. None of the babies were low birth weight or pre-term. All but one baby had clinical sepsis requiring neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay, with one having evidence of meningitis and three respiratory distress syndromes (RDS). None of the babies had S. gallolyticus bacteremia. All mothers and babies made a complete recovery without any complications. These cases suggest that S. gallolyticus subsp gallolyticus can be a rare but emerging cause of intrauterine infection complicated by post-partum bacteremia. There is possibility of colonization of maternal genital tract with S. gallolyticus causing neonatal infection.
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14
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Kaiki Y, Kitagawa H, Tadera K, Taogoshi H, Ikeda M, Kano M, Harino T, Nomura T, Omori K, Shigemoto N, Takahashi S, Ohge H. Laboratory identification and clinical characteristics of Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex bacteremia: a retrospective, multicenter study in Hiroshima, Japan. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:1192. [PMID: 34836500 PMCID: PMC8626886 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06880-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacteremia due to the Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex (SBSEC) is associated with specific diseases, such as colorectal cancer and infective endocarditis. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of SBSEC bacteremia and the accuracy of identification of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and phenotypic identification systems for SBSEC isolates. METHODS We analyzed patients with SBSEC bacteremia retrospectively between 2012 and 2019 at three hospitals in Japan. We re-identified each SBSEC isolate using sequencing superoxide dismutase (sodA) analysis, MALDI-TOF MS using the MALDI Biotyper, and phenotypic identification using the VITEK2. RESULTS During the study period, 39 patients with SBSEC bacteremia were identified. S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus (SGSP, n = 29), S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus (SGSG, n = 5), S. lutetiensis (SL, n = 4), and S. infantarius subsp. infantarius (n = 1) were identified using sodA sequencing analysis. Primary bacteremia (36%) was the most common cause of bacteremia, followed by infective endocarditis (26%) and biliary tract infections (23%). Colorectal cancer was associated significantly with SGSG bacteremia, while the sources of bacteremia were similar in each SBSEC subspecies. The MALDI Biotyper was significantly more accurate in identifying the SBSEC isolates at the subspecies level compared to the VITEK2 (92% vs. 67%, P = 0.010). In contrast, there were no significant differences in the rates of correct identification of the SBSEC isolates at the species level between the MALDI Biotyper and the VITEK2 (100% vs. 87%, P = 0.055). CONCLUSIONS Bacteremia with SGSG was associated with colorectal cancer, and the sources of bacteremia were similar in each SBSEC subspecies. The MALDI-TOF MS was significantly more accurate in identifying SBSEC isolates at the subspecies level than the phenotypic identification systems. The accurate identification of SBSEC isolates using the MALDI-TOF MS and phenotypic identification systems was sufficient at the species level, but it was insufficient at the subspecies level. Therefore, it may be reasonable for clinicians to perform echocardiographies and colonoscopies in all patients with SBSEC bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kaiki
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan. .,Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Kayoko Tadera
- Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Section of Clinical Laboratory, Division of Clinical Support, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.,Division of Laboratory Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Taogoshi
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Surgery, JA Hiroshima General Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mitsuyasu Ikeda
- Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Section of Clinical Research and Laboratory, JA Hiroshima General Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Kano
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Hiroshima City Asa Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toshie Harino
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hiroshima City Asa Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toshihito Nomura
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Keitaro Omori
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Norifumi Shigemoto
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.,Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Translational Research Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shinya Takahashi
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ohge
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.,Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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15
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Glajzner P, Szewczyk EM, Szemraj M. Pathogenicity and drug resistance of animal streptococci responsible for human infections. J Med Microbiol 2021; 70. [PMID: 33750514 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria of the genus Streptococcus, earlier considered typically animal, currently have also been causing infections in humans. It is necessary to make clinicians aware of the emergence of new species that may cause the development of human diseases. There is an increasing frequency of isolation of streptococci such as S. suis, S. dysgalactiae, S. iniae and S. equi from people. Isolation of Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex bacteria has also been reported. The streptococcal species described in this review are gaining new properties and virulence factors by which they can thrive in new environments. It shows the potential of these bacteria to changes in the genome and the settlement of new hosts. Information is presented on clinical cases that concern streptococcus species belonging to the groups Bovis, Pyogenic and Suis. We also present the antibiotic resistance profiles of these bacteria. The emerging resistance to β-lactams has been reported. In this review, the classification, clinical characteristics and antibiotic resistance of groups and species of streptococci considered as animal pathogens are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Glajzner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Eligia Maria Szewczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szemraj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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16
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Geetha O, Cherie C, Natalie TWH, Merchant K, Chien CM, Chandran S. Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies pasteurianus causing early onset neonatal sepsis complicated by solitary liver abscess in a preterm infant. Access Microbiol 2021; 3:000200. [PMID: 34151155 PMCID: PMC8209707 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus gallolyticus ssp pasteurianus (SGp) is an uncommon but increasingly recognized cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis. Liver abscess in neonates is extremely rare. But liver abscess due to SG has never been reported in the literature. We present the first case of liver abscess due to SGp in a late preterm infant. A female infant was born at 36 weeks via normal vaginal delivery to a mother with unremarkable antenatal history. She had progressively worsening respiratory distress since birth and was intubated at 13 h of life. One dose of surfactant was delivered and ventilation continued. Parenteral crystalline Penicillin and Gentamicin were initiated and her blood culture at birth grew SGp. She had a spike of fever on day 5 of life. An ultrasound (US) scan of the abdomen was included in the septic work up. A multi-septated cystic liver abscess was noted in the right lobe of the liver. As there was inadequate response to appropriate intravenous antibiotics, needle aspiration and biopsy were performed on day 35 of life. Aspirate was sterile and histopathology confirmed a liver abscess. The patient continued to be treated with antibiotics for 8 weeks with serial US scans of the liver showing resolution of the abscess. Increasing awareness among paediatric and neonatal fraternity about these new emerging bacterial infections can facilitate early diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odattil Geetha
- Department of Neonatology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore
| | - Chua Cherie
- Department of Pediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Rd, Singapore
| | - Tan Woon Hui Natalie
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore.,Department of Pediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Rd, Singapore
| | - Khurshid Merchant
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Rd, Singapore
| | - Chua Mei Chien
- Department of Neonatology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore
| | - Suresh Chandran
- Department of Neonatology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore
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17
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Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Clonality of Vaginally Derived Multidrug-Resistant Mobiluncus Isolates in China. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.00780-20. [PMID: 32513795 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00780-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, the antimicrobial susceptibility, resistance mechanisms, and clonality of Mobiluncus sp. isolates recovered from gynecological outpatients in China were investigated. Compared to M. mulieris, M. curtisii exhibited higher antimicrobial resistance to metronidazole, clindamycin, and tetracycline. Whole-genome sequencing indicated that the clindamycin resistance gene erm(X) was located on a transposable element, Tn5432, which was composed of two IS1249 sequences. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Mobiluncus spp. had high diversity, with isolates being grouped into several sporadic clades.
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