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Loef B, Boer JMA, Beekman M, Campman SL, Hoogendijk EO, Huider F, Pagen DME, Splinter MJ, van der Velde JHPM, Boomsma DI, Dagnelie PC, van Dongen J, de Geus EJC, Huisman M, Ikram MA, Koster A, Licher S, Mierau JO, de Mutsert R, Picavet HSJ, Rosendaal FR, Schram MT, Slagboom PE, van der Spoel E, Stronks K, Verschuren WMM, van den Berg SW. The association of overweight, obesity, and long-term obesity with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a meta-analysis of 9 population-based cohorts from the Netherlands Cohorts Consortium. Int J Obes (Lond) 2025; 49:586-595. [PMID: 39482451 PMCID: PMC11999864 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01660-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 10/02/2024] [Accepted: 10/14/2024] [Indexed: 11/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity may affect an individual's immune response and subsequent risk of infection, such as a SARS-CoV-2 infection. It is less clear whether overweight and long-term obesity also constitute risk factors. We investigated the association between the degree and duration of overweight and obesity and SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS We analyzed data from nine prospective population-based cohorts of the Netherlands Cohorts Consortium, with a total of 99,570 participants, following a standardized procedure. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were assessed two times before the pandemic, with approximately 5 years between measurements. SARS-CoV-2 infection was defined by self-report as a positive PCR or rapid-antigen test or as COVID-19 ascertained by a physician between March 2020 and January 2023. For three cohorts, information on SARS-CoV-2 infection by serology was available. Results were pooled using random-effects meta-analyses and adjusted for age, sex, educational level, and number of SARS-CoV-2 infection measurements. RESULTS Individuals with overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m2) (odds ratio (OR) = 1.08, 95%-confidence interval (CI) 1.04-1.13) or obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) (OR = 1.43, 95%-CI 1.18-1.75) were more likely to report SARS-CoV-2 infection than individuals with a healthy body weight. We observed comparable ORs for abdominal overweight (men: 94 cm≤WC < 102 cm, women: 80 cm≤WC < 88 cm) (OR = 1.09, 95%-CI 1.04-1.14, I2 = 0%) and abdominal obesity (men: WC ≥ 102 cm, women: WC ≥ 88 cm) (OR = 1.24, 95%-CI 0.999-1.55, I2 = 57%). Individuals with obesity long before the pandemic, but with a healthy body weight or overweight just before the pandemic, were not at increased risk. CONCLUSION Overweight and obesity were associated with increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection with stronger associations for obesity. Individuals with a healthier weight prior to the pandemic but previous obesity did not have an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2, suggesting that weight loss in those with obesity reduces infection risk. These results underline the importance of obesity prevention and weight management for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bette Loef
- Center for Prevention, Lifestyle and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Jolanda M A Boer
- Center for Prevention, Lifestyle and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Marian Beekman
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sophie L Campman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Emiel O Hoogendijk
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC-Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Floris Huider
- Netherlands Twin Register, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam Reproduction and Development (AR&D) and Amsterdam Public Health (APH) Research Institutes, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Demi M E Pagen
- Department of Social Medicine, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases, and Environmental Health, Living Lab Public Health, South Limburg Public Health Service, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Marije J Splinter
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Netherlands Twin Register, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam Reproduction and Development (AR&D) and Amsterdam Public Health (APH) Research Institutes, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter C Dagnelie
- Department of Internal Medicine and Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jenny van Dongen
- Netherlands Twin Register, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam Reproduction and Development (AR&D) and Amsterdam Public Health (APH) Research Institutes, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eco J C de Geus
- Netherlands Twin Register, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam Reproduction and Development (AR&D) and Amsterdam Public Health (APH) Research Institutes, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Huisman
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC-Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annemarie Koster
- Department of Social Medicine, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Silvan Licher
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jochen O Mierau
- Department of Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Lifelines Cohort Study and Biobank, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Team Strategy and External Relations, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - H Susan J Picavet
- Center for Prevention, Lifestyle and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Frits R Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Miranda T Schram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine and Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - P Eline Slagboom
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Evie van der Spoel
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Karien Stronks
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W M Monique Verschuren
- Center for Prevention, Lifestyle and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia W van den Berg
- Center for Prevention, Lifestyle and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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Shende S, Rathored J, Barole N. Exploring Multifactorial Relationships: Assessing the Correlation Between Cardiovascular Health Indicators and Metabolic Markers. Cureus 2024; 16:e59934. [PMID: 38854317 PMCID: PMC11162279 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The significant global health burden associated with cardiometabolic diseases necessitates a better understanding of the complex interrelationships between metabolic markers and cardiovascular health indicators. Crucial indicators of cardiovascular and metabolic health include metabolic markers such as uric acid and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), as well as blood pressure (BP), triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and fasting blood glucose. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the multifactorial relationships among several parameters such as age, BP, lipid profile, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose levels, and specific metabolic enzymes. METHODS A willing participant who visited the outpatient clinic and was in good health but did not have a history of cardiovascular disease was enrolled in the study. The collected data were subjected to a cross-sectional analysis. Various biochemical and health parameters such as height, weight, BMI, uric acid, triglycerides, HDL, BP, gender, age, and fasting blood glucose were analyzed, and a Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was performed to evaluate the correlations between these variables. RESULTS Among the 50 study participants, significant Pearson correlations were observed between metabolic health markers such as BP (systolic and diastolic), fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, and BMI. Additionally, a positive correlation was found between these metabolic parameters, including the levels of uric acid and liver enzyme GGT. CONCLUSION This study illustrates the intricate relationships among lipid profiles, liver enzymes, BP, and other metabolic health markers in the general population. Understanding these associations can help create focused interventions and individualized care plans for metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Our findings address the complexity of cardiometabolic health and its management by identifying multifactorial risk factors linked to metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandesh Shende
- Clinical Research, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Jaishriram Rathored
- Central Research Laboratory and Molecular Diagnostics, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Nisha Barole
- Clinical Research, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Hauner H, Blanken CPS, Holzapfel C. Long-lasting effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on lifestyle and body weight: results of representative cross-sectional surveys in adults in Germany. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1199. [PMID: 38684999 PMCID: PMC11059715 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18680-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic severely affected people's daily lives and health. Few studies have looked into the persistence of these changes. In the current study, we investigated to what extent changes in lifestyle and body weight were sustained after two years of restrictions. METHODS We performed two representative online surveys among adults living in Germany. The first survey (S1) was performed in April 2021; the second survey (S2) in June 2022. The questionnaire focused on changes in physical activity, dietary habits, body weight, and mental stress levels. The data were weighted to optimally represent the general population of Germany. Using Chi-square tests, results were compared between the two surveys, and - per survey - between subgroups based on sociodemographic factors and mental stress levels. Furthermore, binomial logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with weight gain. RESULTS A total of 1,001 (S1) and 1,005 (S2) adults completed the survey, of which 50.4% were men and 49.6% were women in both surveys. Mean body mass index (BMI) at the time of the survey was 27.4 ± 6.0 kg/m2 (S1) and 27.1 ± 5.5 kg/m2 (S2). Reduced physical activity was reported by 52% of the participants in S1 and by 40% in S2 (p < .001). Moderate to severe stress was reported by 71% of the participants in S1 and by 62% in S2 (p < .001). Less healthy eating compared to before the pandemic was reported by 16% of the participants in S1 and by 12% in S2 (p = 0.033). Weight gain was reported by 40% of the participants in S1 and by 35% in S2 (p = 0.059). Weight gain was associated with higher BMI, reduced physical activity levels, less healthy nutrition and increased consumption of energy-dense food. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that two years and three months after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, the adverse effects on health-related lifestyle factors and body weight still existed, albeit to a lesser degree than directly after the first year of the pandemic. Targeted strategies are needed to better support the population subgroups most likely to change their lifestyle in unfavorable ways when faced with disruptions of their everyday lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Hauner
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 62, Munich, 80992, Germany.
- Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 62, Munich, 80992, Germany.
| | - Carmen P S Blanken
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 62, Munich, 80992, Germany
| | - Christina Holzapfel
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 62, Munich, 80992, Germany
- Department of Nutritional, Food and Consumer Sciences, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany
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Gutiérrez-Pérez IA, Delgado-Floody P, Molina-Gutiérrez N, Campos-Jara C, Parra-Rojas I, Contreras-Osorio FH, Falfán-Valencia R, Castro-Alarcón N, Guzmán-Guzmán IP. Changes in lifestyle and physical and mental health related to long-confinement due COVID-19: a study during the first and second pandemic waves in Mexico and Chile. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2024; 29:174-190. [PMID: 37966812 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2281295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
We investigate changes in lifestyle, physical, and mental health during the confinement period of the first and second waves of COVID-19, as well as their relation to sociodemographic parameters and confinement status. Sociodemographic data and information regarding changes in their lifestyle behavior and changes in body weight and physical activity (PA) were collected. The SF-36 questionnaire was implemented for measuring the domains related to physical health (PH) and mental health (MH). The growth frequency of weight gain in the Mexican (4.8%) and Chilean (10.9%) populations was observed during the second wave. The MH component decreased in the Mexican and the Chilean population (p < 0.05). Moreover, the MH decreased significantly according to the degree of confinement (p < 0.01). Although some sociodemographic factors were related to the presence of a very low score (<50 scores) for the MH component during the first wave, it is perceived as a higher relative risk during the second wave in both populations. The long confinement due to COVID-19 is associated to negative changes in nutritional and physical lifestyle behavior, affecting mainly the MH component.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Delgado-Floody
- Department of Physical Education, Sport, and Recreation, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Nacim Molina-Gutiérrez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidad Católica de Maule, Talca, Chile
| | | | - Isela Parra-Rojas
- Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
| | | | - Ramcés Falfán-Valencia
- HLA Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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Lempesis IG, Georgakopoulou VE. Implications of obesity and adiposopathy on respiratory infections; focus on emerging challenges. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:2925-2933. [PMID: 37215426 PMCID: PMC10198078 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i13.2925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by excessive adipose tissue accumulation, which impacts physiological, metabolic, and immune functions. Several respiratory infections, including bacterial pneumonia, influenza, and coronavirus disease 2019, appear to be linked to unfavorable results in individuals with obesity. These may be attributed to the direct mechanical/physiological effects of excess body fat on the lungs’ function. Notably, adipose tissue dysfunction is associated with a low-grade chronic inflammatory status and hyperleptinemia, among other characteristics. These have all been linked to immune system dysfunction and weakened immune responses to these infections. A better understanding and clinical awareness of these risk factors are necessary for better disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis G Lempesis
- Department of Infectious Diseases-COVID-19 Unit, Laiko General Hospital, Athens 11527, Greece
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Moguem Soubgui AF, Embolo Enyegue EL, Kojom Foko LP, Ndeme Mboussi WS, Deutou Hogoue G, Mbougang SP, Sanda SM, Fotso Chidjou IU, Fotso VF, Nzogang Tchonet SA, Medi Sike C, Koanga Mogtomo ML. Epidemiological situation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Douala, the most populated and highly heterogeneous town of Cameroon: a post-vaccination update. Acta Trop 2023; 241:106864. [PMID: 36849093 PMCID: PMC9968477 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at providing an update of SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology in Douala, the most populated and highly heterogeneous town of Cameroon. A hospital-based cross sectional study was conducted from January to September 2022. A questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic, anthropometric, and clinical data. Retrotranscriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal samples. Of the 2354 individuals approached, 420 were included. The mean age of patients was 42.3 ± 14.4 years (range 21 - 82). The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 8.1%. The risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 was increased more than seven times in patients aged ≥ 70 years old (aRR = 7.12, p = 0.001), more than six times in married (aRR = 6.60, p = 0.02), more than seven times in those having completed secondary studies (aRR = 7.85, p = 0.02), HIV-positive patients (aRR = 7.64, p < 0.0001) and asthmatic patients (aRR = 7.60, p = 0.003), and more than nine times in those seeking health care regularly (aRR = 9.24, p = 0.001). In contrast, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection was reduced by 86% in patients attending Bonassama hospital (aRR = 0.14, p = 0.04), by 93% in patients of blood group B (aRR = 0.07, p = 0.04), and by 95% in COVID-19 vaccinated participants (aRR = 0.05, p = 0.005). There is need for ongoing surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Cameroon, given the position and importance of Douala.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gildas Deutou Hogoue
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Douala, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | - Valery Fabrice Fotso
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Douala, Cameroon
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Bonfrate L, Di Ciaula A, Khalil M, Farella I, Chirico R, Vilahur G, Portincasa P. Gender-dependent impact of COVID-19 lockdown on metabolic and psychological aspects. Intern Emerg Med 2023; 18:385-395. [PMID: 36703077 PMCID: PMC9879743 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-022-03173-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The first COVID-19 lockdown resulted in enforced quarantine of heavily affected areas with social isolation and related measures by several governments to slow the spread of the disease. The general population experienced several mental and lifestyle changes. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the metabolic and psychological effects induced by lifestyle changes during COVID-19 self-isolation among an Apulian overweight/obese cohort with metabolic disturbances. The study assessed anthropometric data (weight, abdominal circumferences), dietary habits (adherence to the Mediterranean diet, junk food score), lifestyle habits (i.e., smoking, and physical activity), levels of stress and anxiety, and depression. Subjects underwent bioumoral exams before and after self-isolation to monitor glycemic and lipid profiles. A total of 245 subjects (M:F = 118:127) have been included in the study. After lockdown, the number of obese subjects significantly increased in both sexes, and was higher in females than in males (P < 0.0001). Glycemic and lipid profiles worsened, with higher levels of insulinemia, lower levels of HDL cholesterol, and higher levels of triglycerides in females than in males. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and consumption of junk foods were altered in both groups, especially in females. Psychological aspects were significantly higher in females than in males. Finally, work activities and familial status strongly affected the metabolic and psychological profile. In conclusion, COVID-19 self-isolation induced changes in lifestyle and dietary habits with psychological distress and detrimental effects on metabolic patterns, which were more pronounced in female gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonilde Bonfrate
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica A. Murri, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Agostino Di Ciaula
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica A. Murri, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Mohamad Khalil
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica A. Murri, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Farella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica A. Murri, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Chirico
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica A. Murri, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- CiberCV, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica A. Murri, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
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Marakis G, Kontopoulou L, Konstantinidis G, Papathanasiou IV, Karpetas G, Mirkopoulou D, Walker AF, Vasara E. The Use of Dietary Supplements and Their Association with COVID-19-Related Anxiety among Non-Institutionalized Elderly in Northern Greece. J Diet Suppl 2023; 20:199-217. [PMID: 36476207 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2022.2151677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The elderly constitute a vulnerable group for increased anxiety and poor diet during the COVID-19 pandemic. There is limited research on the levels of COVID-19-related anxiety and dietary habits including dietary supplementation practices among the elderly and very elderly in Greece. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 364 non-institutionalized elderly (65-74 y) and very elderly (≥75 y) living in northern Greece, with the aim to investigate the use of dietary supplements and their association with other factors, particularly the COVID-19-related anxiety. Levels of anxiety were assessed with the use of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS-5). The percentage of dietary supplement users was 62.6%. The most popular dietary supplements used were vitamin D followed by vitamin C and multivitamin and mineral supplements. Multivariate analysis showed that the very elderly and overweight individuals were less likely to consume vitamin D supplements. Approximately a third of the participants (33.8%) exhibited signs of COVID-19-related anxiety but only 8% showed dysfunctional levels of anxiety. Regression analysis indicated that women, former smokers, and people exhibiting any sign of COVID-19 anxiety were approximately two times more likely to consume dietary supplements of any kind (Gender: OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.30-4.19; Smoking: OR 2.15, 95% CI: 1.08-4.26; COVID-19 anxiety: OR 2.16, 95 % CI: 1.20-3.91). Our results provide useful insights into the current practices of dietary supplement use in this population group and could be used by dietetic and medical associations as well as public authorities in the formulation of targeted, safe, and effective interventions for the protection of public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Marakis
- Nutrition and Food Standards Unit, Hellenic Food Authority, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | - Daphne Mirkopoulou
- 1st Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Eleni Vasara
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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9
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Haghighat N, Foroutan H, Hesameddini I, Amini M, Hosseini B, Moeinvaziri N, Hosseini SV, Kamran H. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Success of Bariatric Surgeries in Patients with Severe Obesity. Obes Facts 2023; 16:82-88. [PMID: 36380632 PMCID: PMC9808887 DOI: 10.1159/000528082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) pandemic may influence the weight outcomes of bariatric surgeries (BS). Here, we intended to compare the weight outcome of patients who underwent BS before and during the pandemic time. METHODS In a retrospective, single-center study, the information of two groups of patients; first COVID-19 group (n = 51) consisted of those that underwent BS during the pandemic and completed a year of follow-up, second non-COVID-19 group included 50 patients who underwent BS and were followed up before the pandemic. All the patients' anthropometric and obesity-related disease data were compared between groups. RESULTS Weight loss and the decrease of body mass index 1 year after the surgery, as well as excess weight loss and total weight loss, were significantly higher in the non-COVID-19 group compared to the COVID-19 group (p < 0.05). Although the rate of remission for diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia was higher in the non-COVID-19 group, the differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION We showed a significantly poorer weight outcome at the 1-year follow-up of the BS during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic. These results need further investigations to determine the preventive measures and management by evaluating the associated factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Haghighat
- Laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Foroutan
- Laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Iman Hesameddini
- Laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoud Amini
- Laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Babak Hosseini
- Laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nader Moeinvaziri
- Laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Hooman Kamran
- Laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- *Hooman Kamran,
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Pérez-Campos Mayoral L, Matias-Cervantes CA, Pérez-Campos E, Romero Díaz C, Laguna Barrios LÁ, Pina Canseco MDS, Martínez Cruz M, Pérez-Campos Mayoral E, Solórzano Mata CJ, Rodal Canales FJ, Martínez Ruíz H, Hernández-Huerta MT. Associations of Dynapenic Obesity and Sarcopenic Obesity with the Risk of Complications in COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8277. [PMID: 35955411 PMCID: PMC9368708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing is associated with changes in body composition, such as low muscle mass (sarcopenia), decreased grip strength or physical function (dynapenia), and accumulation of fat mass. When the accumulation of fat mass synergistically accompanies low muscle mass or reduced grip strength, it results in sarcopenic obesity and dynapenic obesity, respectively. These types of obesity contribute to the increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in the elderly, which could increase the damage caused by COVID-19. In this review, we associated factors that could generate a higher risk of COVID-19 complications in dynapenic obesity and sarcopenic obesity. For example, skeletal muscle regulates the expression of inflammatory cytokines and supports metabolic stress in pulmonary disease; hence, the presence of dynapenic obesity or sarcopenic obesity could be related to a poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pérez-Campos Mayoral
- Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Oaxaca City 68020, Mexico; (L.P.-C.M.); (L.Á.L.B.); (M.d.S.P.C.); (E.P.-C.M.); (C.J.S.M.); (F.J.R.C.); (H.M.R.)
| | - Carlos Alberto Matias-Cervantes
- CONACyT, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Oaxaca City 68020, Mexico; (C.A.M.-C.); (C.R.D.)
| | | | - Carlos Romero Díaz
- CONACyT, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Oaxaca City 68020, Mexico; (C.A.M.-C.); (C.R.D.)
| | - Luis Ángel Laguna Barrios
- Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Oaxaca City 68020, Mexico; (L.P.-C.M.); (L.Á.L.B.); (M.d.S.P.C.); (E.P.-C.M.); (C.J.S.M.); (F.J.R.C.); (H.M.R.)
| | - María del Socorro Pina Canseco
- Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Oaxaca City 68020, Mexico; (L.P.-C.M.); (L.Á.L.B.); (M.d.S.P.C.); (E.P.-C.M.); (C.J.S.M.); (F.J.R.C.); (H.M.R.)
| | | | - Eduardo Pérez-Campos Mayoral
- Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Oaxaca City 68020, Mexico; (L.P.-C.M.); (L.Á.L.B.); (M.d.S.P.C.); (E.P.-C.M.); (C.J.S.M.); (F.J.R.C.); (H.M.R.)
| | - Carlos Josué Solórzano Mata
- Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Oaxaca City 68020, Mexico; (L.P.-C.M.); (L.Á.L.B.); (M.d.S.P.C.); (E.P.-C.M.); (C.J.S.M.); (F.J.R.C.); (H.M.R.)
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Oaxaca City 68120, Mexico
| | - Francisco Javier Rodal Canales
- Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Oaxaca City 68020, Mexico; (L.P.-C.M.); (L.Á.L.B.); (M.d.S.P.C.); (E.P.-C.M.); (C.J.S.M.); (F.J.R.C.); (H.M.R.)
| | - Héctor Martínez Ruíz
- Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Oaxaca City 68020, Mexico; (L.P.-C.M.); (L.Á.L.B.); (M.d.S.P.C.); (E.P.-C.M.); (C.J.S.M.); (F.J.R.C.); (H.M.R.)
| | - María Teresa Hernández-Huerta
- CONACyT, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Oaxaca City 68020, Mexico; (C.A.M.-C.); (C.R.D.)
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Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines in People with Severe Obesity. Obes Surg 2022; 32:2987-2993. [PMID: 35802279 PMCID: PMC9263798 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-022-06181-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Obesity is a disease complicating the course of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine effectiveness in adults with obesity may be compromised. Our aim is to investigate the spike-protein receptor-binding domain antibody titers against BNT162b2 mRNA and inactivated SARS-CoV-2 (CoronaVac) vaccines in people with severe obesity. It is anticipated that the results to be obtained may provide invaluable information about future SARS-CoV-2 vaccination strategies in this vulnerable population. METHODS A total of 124 consecutive patients with severe obesity (age > 18 years, BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2) presenting between August and November 2021 were enrolled. The normal weight control group (age > 18, BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2) was recruited from 166 subjects who visited the vaccination unit. SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein antibody titers were measured in patients with severe obesity and in normal weight controls who received two doses of BNT162b2, or CoronaVac vaccines. SARS-CoV-2 IgG Nucleocapsid Protein antibody (NCP Ab) testing was performed to discover prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Blood samples were taken from individuals at 4th week and after 2nd dose of vaccination. SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody titers were determined by quantitative serological methods. RESULTS A total of 290 individuals (220 female, 70 male) who have received two doses of BNT162b2 or CoronaVac vaccines were enrolled in the study. Seventy had prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. In 220 subjects (non-prior infection) vaccinated with BNT162b2 or CoronaVac, the antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen of patients with severe obesity were significantly lower than normal weight controls (p = 0.001, p = 0.001 respectively). In seventy subjects with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, spike antigen antibody titers in patients with severe obesity, vaccinated with BNT162b2 or CoronaVac, were not significantly different from normal weight controls (p = 0.1, p = 0.1 respectively). In patients with severe obesity, with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, spike antigen antibody levels of those vaccinated with BNT162b2 were found to be significantly higher than those vaccinated with CoronaVac (p = 0.043, p < 0.001 respectively). CONCLUSION Patients with severe obesity generated significantly reduced antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen after CoronaVac and BNT162b2 vaccines compared to people with normal weight. Antibody levels in patients with severe obesity vaccinated with BNT162b2 were found to be significantly higher than those vaccinated with CoronaVac. People living with severe obesity should be prioritized for COVID-19 vaccination and BNT162b2 vaccine may be recommended for this vulnerable population.
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Nambi G, Alghadier M, Elnegamy TE, Basuodan RM, Alwhaibi RM, Vellaiyan A, Nwihadh NA, Aldhafian OR, Verma A, Pakkir Mohamed SH, Chevidikunnan MF, Khan F. Clinical (BMI and MRI) and Biochemical (Adiponectin, Leptin, TNF-α, and IL-6) Effects of High-Intensity Aerobic Training with High-Protein Diet in Children with Obesity Following COVID-19 Infection. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:7194. [PMID: 35742443 PMCID: PMC9223643 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To find the clinical and biochemical effects of high-intensity aerobic training with a high-protein diet in children with obesity following COVID-19 infection. Methods: By using the block randomization method, the eligible participants were randomized into two groups. The first group received high-intensity aerobic training with a high-protein diet (Group A; n = 38) and the second group were allowed to do regular physical activities and eat a regular diet (Group B; n = 38) for 8 weeks. Clinical (basal metabolic index (BMI) and muscle-mass-cross-sectional area (CSA)) and biochemical (Adiponectin, leptin, TNF-α, and IL-6) measures were measured at baseline, on the 8th week, and at 6-months follow-up. Results: Baseline demographic and clinical attributes show homogenous presentation among the study groups (p > 0.05). After eight weeks of intervention, and at the end of 6-months follow-up, the basal metabolic index (BMI) (6.3) (CI 95% 4.71 to 7.88), mid-arm CSA (17) (CI 95% 14.70 to 19.29), mid-thigh CSA (13.10) (CI 95% 10.60 to 15.59), mid-calf CSA (11.3) (CI 95% 9.30 to 13.29), adiponectin (−1.9) (CI 95% −2.13 to −1.66), leptin (5.64) (CI 95% 5.50 to 5.77), TNF-α (0.5) (CI 95% 0.42 to 0.57), and IL-6 (0.21) (CI 95% 0.18 to 0.23) showed more improvement (p < 0.001) in Group A than Group B (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Overall, this trial found that high-intensity aerobic training with a high-protein diet decreased the BMI percentile and muscle mass (arm, thigh, and calf), and positively altered the biochemical variables in children with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Nambi
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11947, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (T.E.E.)
| | - Mshari Alghadier
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11947, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (T.E.E.)
| | - Tamer E. Elnegamy
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11947, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (T.E.E.)
| | - Reem M. Basuodan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (R.M.B.); (R.M.A.)
| | - Reem M. Alwhaibi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (R.M.B.); (R.M.A.)
| | - Arul Vellaiyan
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11947, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Naif A. Nwihadh
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11947, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.N.); (O.R.A.)
| | - Osama R. Aldhafian
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11947, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.N.); (O.R.A.)
| | - Anju Verma
- Department of Exercise and Sports, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Shahul Hameed Pakkir Mohamed
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed Faisal Chevidikunnan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.C.); (F.K.)
| | - Fayaz Khan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.C.); (F.K.)
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Catalán V, Avilés-Olmos I, Rodríguez A, Becerril S, Fernández-Formoso JA, Kiortsis D, Portincasa P, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Frühbeck G. Time to Consider the "Exposome Hypothesis" in the Development of the Obesity Pandemic. Nutrients 2022; 14:1597. [PMID: 35458158 PMCID: PMC9032727 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The obesity epidemic shows no signs of abatement. Genetics and overnutrition together with a dramatic decline in physical activity are the alleged main causes for this pandemic. While they undoubtedly represent the main contributors to the obesity problem, they are not able to fully explain all cases and current trends. In this context, a body of knowledge related to exposure to as yet underappreciated obesogenic factors, which can be referred to as the "exposome", merits detailed analysis. Contrarily to the genome, the "exposome" is subject to a great dynamism and variability, which unfolds throughout the individual's lifetime. The development of precise ways of capturing the full exposure spectrum of a person is extraordinarily demanding. Data derived from epidemiological studies linking excess weight with elevated ambient temperatures, in utero, and intergenerational effects as well as epigenetics, microorganisms, microbiota, sleep curtailment, and endocrine disruptors, among others, suggests the possibility that they may work alone or synergistically as several alternative putative contributors to this global epidemic. This narrative review reports the available evidence on as yet underappreciated drivers of the obesity epidemic. Broadly based interventions are needed to better identify these drivers at the same time as stimulating reflection on the potential relevance of the "exposome" in the development and perpetuation of the obesity epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Catalán
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (V.C.); (A.R.); (S.B.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iciar Avilés-Olmos
- Department of Neurology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (V.C.); (A.R.); (S.B.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sara Becerril
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (V.C.); (A.R.); (S.B.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Dimitrios Kiortsis
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (V.C.); (A.R.); (S.B.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (V.C.); (A.R.); (S.B.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Low-grade inflammation, CoVID-19, and obesity: clinical aspect and molecular insights in childhood and adulthood. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:1254-1261. [PMID: 35393519 PMCID: PMC8988546 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The new 2019 coronavirus 19 disease (CoVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a serious threat to health systems. As a global health problem, this pandemic poses a huge threat to people and is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. On the other hand, obesity has also reached epidemic proportions and poses another challenge to the healthcare system. There is increasing evidence of a strong association between obesity and CoVID-19 disease, but the mechanisms underlying the link between the two remain unclear and the role of obesity also remains to be elucidated. In particular obesity-related low-grade inflammation has been hypothesized as the Achille's heel that could predispose subjects with obesity to a more severe CoVID-19 compared to subjects with normal weight. Hence, we summarized recent evidence on the role of low-grade inflammation in clinical aspects of CoVID-19 in subjects with obesity in both childhood and adulthood. Further, we provide molecular insights to explain this link.
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de Macêdo PFC, Nepomuceno CMM, Dos Santos NS, Queiroz VADO, Pereira EM, Leal LDC, Santos LADS, Nascimento LF, Martins PC, de Santana MLP. Weight stigma in the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:44. [PMID: 35351201 PMCID: PMC8961493 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00563-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight stigma is a phenomenon associated with adverse behavioural and psychological consequences. Although experts suggest that its increase during the COVID-19 pandemic may be associated with worse health outcomes for people with obesity, a thorough analysis of the main findings and gaps is still needed when relating to this subject. OBJECTIVE We aim to answer three questions: (1) How does weight stigma manifest in the COVID-19 pandemic? (2) How can weight stigma affect people with overweight or obesity in times of COVID-19? (3) What are the perceptions and experiences of weight stigma during the pandemic in individuals who experience overweight or obesity? METHODS We conducted a scoping review of studies addressing weight stigma and the COVID-19 pandemic in electronic databases (Medline/PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, PsycInfo, BVS/Lilacs, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and OpenGrey) published until 10th August 2021. All relevant studies were reviewed in full by two researchers. In addition, a narrative synthesis of the data was performed. RESULTS The results included 35 studies out of 8,090 records and identified 13 original research publications, 14 text and opinion papers, and 6 narrative reviews. The results revealed the presence of weight stigma in the media, healthcare settings, interpersonal relationships, and public campaigns during the COVID-19 pandemic. The evidence of increasing weight stigma in the COVID-19 outbreak is limited, though. Many weight discrimination consequences were described during this time, such as impairment in accessing healthcare, worst COVID-19 outcomes, and maladaptive eating. However, only maladaptive behaviours and decline in mental health outcomes were demonstrated empirically in all age groups. This effect occurred regardless of body mass index, but people with high body weight were more likely to experience weight stigma. For some people with obesity, weight stigma in the pandemic has made activities of daily routine difficult. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that weight stigma in the COVID-19 pandemic occurs in several settings; moreover, although weight discrimination impacts mental health, whether before or during the pandemic, this influence between the pandemic and pre-pandemic scenario is still unclear. Therefore, more research is required in this field while the pandemic lasts, especially with people with obesity. Overall, people with overweight or obesity are more vulnerable to weight stigma than individuals without overweight. In addition, weight stigma refers to discrimination or prejudice based on a person's weight and relates to several consequences, for instance, poor healthcare treatment and mental health problems. In the COVID-19 outbreak, these weight stigma effects tend to become even more critical because they may be associated with unfavourable COVID-19 outcomes and eating disorder risks. Thus, it is crucial to investigate how weight stigma occurs during the pandemic and its impact on health, mainly for the most affected people. We investigated 35 studies published between 2019 and 2021 to map and explore how weight stigma was manifested and the related consequences for people with overweight or obesity in the COVID-19 pandemic. Only about a third of them were quantitative or qualitative, limiting the evidence of weight stigma in the COVID-19 context. The available evidence suggests that weight stigma manifests in several settings such as media, healthcare, public campaigns, and is more common in people with excess weight. However, weight discrimination experiences before or during the pandemic were associated with adverse psychological and behavioural consequences across all age groups, regardless of body weight. For some people with obesity, for instance, weight stigma made it difficult to accomplish their activities of daily routine. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether weight stigma has increased in the pandemic, thus, more studies are required, especially about people with overweight or obesity.
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Kara Z, Akçin R, Demir AN, Dinç HÖ, Kocazeybek B, Yumuk VD. Risk Factors Influencing Seroconversion after Inactive SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in People Living with Obesity. Obes Facts 2022; 15:648-654. [PMID: 35921804 PMCID: PMC9669952 DOI: 10.1159/000525555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 spike antigens and the risk factors affecting antibody levels in people living with obesity (PwO) after inactive SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) administration. METHODS 169 consecutive patients with obesity who visited the Center for Obesity Management at Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty Hospitals, between May and August 2021, were invited to the study. The nonobese control group was recruited from 191 subjects who visited the Cerrahpaşa Hospitals Vaccination Unit. The study group and the nonobese control group have already received two doses of inactive SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. The SARS-CoV-2 IgG nucleocapsid antibody test was administered to patients and control subjects to discover those who had prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Forty-one patients who had prior infection and received two doses of vaccine were also included in the study as a subgroup. Blood samples were taken on the 3rd to 4th week after the second vaccination. SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody titers were determined by quantitative serological methods. RESULTS Antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen of individuals with BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2 were significantly lower than those with BMI <30 kg/m2 (p = 0.001) in the study group. Moreover, the antibody titers in people with BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2 were significantly lower than in those having a BMI <30.0 kg/m2 in the subgroup (p = 0.03). Age (p = 0.03), BMI (p = 0.006), and hypertension (p = 0.03) were found to be independent risk factors for antibody response in PwO. Women with non-prior SARS-CoV-2 infection showed a significantly higher antibody response then men (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION SARS-CoV-2-Immunoglobulin G antibody levels against inactive (CoronaVac) vaccine were found to be lower in PwO compared to nonobese individuals. Antibody titers may be measured, and booster doses should be delivered accordingly in PwO for optimal protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Kara
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
- European Association for the Study of Obesity-Collaborating Center for Obesity Management, Istanbul, Turkey
- *Zehra Kara,
| | - Rüveyda Akçin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Numan Demir
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
- European Association for the Study of Obesity-Collaborating Center for Obesity Management, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Harika Öykü Dinç
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakıf University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bekir Kocazeybek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Volkan Demirhan Yumuk
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
- European Association for the Study of Obesity-Collaborating Center for Obesity Management, Istanbul, Turkey
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Sanchis-Gomar F, Lavie CJ, Neeland IJ, Lippi G. Does abdominal obesity influence immunological response to SARS-CoV-2 infection? Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2021; 16:271-272. [PMID: 34533093 PMCID: PMC8459928 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2021.1979392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Sanchis-Gomar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and Incliva Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carl J. Lavie
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School - The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ian J. Neeland
- UH Center for Cardiovascular Prevention and Center for Integrated and Novel Approaches in Vascular-Metabolic Disease (CINEMA), Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Calcaterra V, Verduci E, Vandoni M, Rossi V, Di Profio E, Carnevale Pellino V, Tranfaglia V, Pascuzzi MC, Borsani B, Bosetti A, Zuccotti G. Telehealth: A Useful Tool for the Management of Nutrition and Exercise Programs in Pediatric Obesity in the COVID-19 Era. Nutrients 2021; 13:3689. [PMID: 34835945 PMCID: PMC8618189 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the implementation of policies that mandate various restrictions on daily life, including social distancing, the closure of public services and schools, and movement limitations. Even though these restrictive measures decreased the COVID-19 spread, they may have detrimental effects on various lifestyle components such as physical inactivity, sedentary behavior, and dietary habits, influencing the maintenance of weight and contributing to obesity among children and adolescents. The coexistence of childhood obesity and COVID-19 and changes in the bioecological environment have put children and adolescents at increased risk for developing obesity and exacerbating the severity of this disorder. The use of telehealth technology is a modern approach useful for the delivery of health care services by health care professionals, where distance is a critical factor. Telehealth is effective in promoting increased self-monitoring and behavioral change, and provides the opportunity to perform online nutritional support and exercise training programs to promote a healthy lifestyle and reduce sedentary behaviors in children and adolescents. Telehealth, including tele-exercise and tele-nutrition, has the potential to address many of the key challenges in providing health services, including in patients with obesity during the COVID-19 outbreak. This narrative review aims to describe the role of telehealth as an opportunity in the management of pediatric obesity in the COVID-19 era, and to deliver nutrition and exercise programs for the maintenance of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (V.R.); (E.D.P.); (V.T.); (M.C.P.); (B.B.); (A.B.); (G.Z.)
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (V.R.); (E.D.P.); (V.T.); (M.C.P.); (B.B.); (A.B.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Vandoni
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.V.); (V.C.P.)
| | - Virginia Rossi
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (V.R.); (E.D.P.); (V.T.); (M.C.P.); (B.B.); (A.B.); (G.Z.)
| | - Elisabetta Di Profio
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (V.R.); (E.D.P.); (V.T.); (M.C.P.); (B.B.); (A.B.); (G.Z.)
| | - Vittoria Carnevale Pellino
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.V.); (V.C.P.)
| | - Valeria Tranfaglia
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (V.R.); (E.D.P.); (V.T.); (M.C.P.); (B.B.); (A.B.); (G.Z.)
| | - Martina Chiara Pascuzzi
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (V.R.); (E.D.P.); (V.T.); (M.C.P.); (B.B.); (A.B.); (G.Z.)
| | - Barbara Borsani
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (V.R.); (E.D.P.); (V.T.); (M.C.P.); (B.B.); (A.B.); (G.Z.)
| | - Alessandra Bosetti
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (V.R.); (E.D.P.); (V.T.); (M.C.P.); (B.B.); (A.B.); (G.Z.)
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (V.R.); (E.D.P.); (V.T.); (M.C.P.); (B.B.); (A.B.); (G.Z.)
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
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19
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Catalán V, Rodríguez A, Becerril S, Unamuno X, Mentxaka A, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Frühbeck G. The 'new normality' in research? What message are we conveying our medical students? Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13586. [PMID: 33932225 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Catalán
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, Pamplona, Spain.,Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, Pamplona, Spain.,Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sara Becerril
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, Pamplona, Spain.,Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Xabier Unamuno
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, Pamplona, Spain.,Medical Engineering Laboratory, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Mentxaka
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, Pamplona, Spain.,Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, Pamplona, Spain.,Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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20
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Landecho MF, Marin-Oto M, Recalde-Zamacona B, Bilbao I, Frühbeck G. Obesity as an adipose tissue dysfunction disease and a risk factor for infections - Covid-19 as a case study. Eur J Intern Med 2021; 91:3-9. [PMID: 33858724 PMCID: PMC8017564 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2021.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV2) disease (COVID-19) is a novel threat that hampers life expectancy especially in obese individuals. Though this association is clinically relevant, the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. SARS CoV2 enters host cells via the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 receptor, that is also expressed in adipose tissue. Moreover, adipose tissue is also a source of many proinflammatory mediators and adipokines that might enhance the characteristic COVID-19 cytokine storm due to a chronic low-grade inflammatory preconditioning. Further obesity-dependent thoracic mechanical constraints may also incise negatively into the prognosis of obese subjects with COVID-19. This review summarizes the current body of knowledge on the obesity-dependent circumstances triggering an increased risk for COVID-19 severity, and their clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Landecho
- Internal Medicine Department, General Health Check-up Unit, Clínica Universidad de Navarra. Avenida Pío XII, 36, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; COVID-19 department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 36, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain;.
| | - M Marin-Oto
- COVID-19 department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 36, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain;; Pulmonary Medicine Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 36, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - B Recalde-Zamacona
- COVID-19 department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 36, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain;; Pulmonary Medicine Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 36, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - I Bilbao
- Internal Medicine Department, General Health Check-up Unit, Clínica Universidad de Navarra. Avenida Pío XII, 36, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; COVID-19 department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 36, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Metabolic Research Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Pamplona, Spain.
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21
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Kara AA, Böncüoğlu E, Kıymet E, Arıkan KÖ, Şahinkaya Ş, Düzgöl M, Cem E, Çelebi Mİ, Ağın H, Bayram SN, Özkan B, Devrim İ. Evaluation of predictors of severe-moderate COVID-19 infections at children: A review of 292 children. J Med Virol 2021; 93:6634-6640. [PMID: 34314067 PMCID: PMC8426728 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although the underlying disease is associated with a severe course in adults and laboratory abnormalities have been widely reported, there are not sufficient data on the clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children with pre-existing comorbid conditions and on laboratory findings. We aimed to describe the independent risk factors for estimating the severity of the COVID-19 in children. All children between 1 month and 18 years old who were hospitalized during the period of March 11-December 31, 2020, resulting from COVID-19 were included in the study. Patients were categorized into mild (group 1) and moderate + severe/critically (group 2) severity based on the criteria. Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and laboratory variables between the two groups were compared. A total of 292 children confirmed to have COVID-19 infection were included in the study. The most common associated diseases were obesity (5.1%) and asthma bronchiale (4.1%). We observed that disease progressed more severely in patients with underlying diseases, especially obesity and asthma bronchiale (for patients with obesity odds ratio [OR] 9.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.92-43.28, p = 0.005 and for patients with asthma bronchiale OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.04-16.80, p = 0.044). In group 2 patients, presence of lymphopenia and hypoalbuminemia, and also an elevation in serum levels of C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and uric acid were detected and these results were statistically significant (p values; p < 0.001, p = 0.046, p = 0.006, p = 0.045, p < 0.001, respectively). The strongest predictor of moderate-severe COVID-19 infections in the children was uric acid, with an odds ratio of 1.6 (95% CI 1.14-2.13, p = 0.005) and lymphocytes with an odds ratio of 0.7 (95% CI 0.55-0.88, p = 0.003). Although children are less susceptible to COVID-19, the pre-existing comorbid condition can predispose to severe disease. In addition, lymphopenia and high uric acid are indicators that COVID-19 infection may progress more severely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aybüke A Kara
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Elif Böncüoğlu
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Elif Kıymet
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Kamile Ö Arıkan
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Şahika Şahinkaya
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Mine Düzgöl
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ela Cem
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Mİray Çelebi
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Hasan Ağın
- Department of Pediatric İntensive Care Ünit, Dr. Behçet Uz Child Disease and Pediatric Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Süleyman N Bayram
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Behzat Özkan
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dr. Behçet Uz Child Disease and Pediatric Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - İlker Devrim
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
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22
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Dragon-Durey MA, Chen X, Kirilovsky A, Ben Hamouda N, El Sissy C, Russick J, Charpentier E, Binois Y, Marliot F, Meylan M, Granier C, Pere H, Saldmann A, Rance B, Jannot AS, Baron S, Chebbi M, Fayol A, Josseaume N, Rives-Lange C, Tharaux PL, Cholley B, Diehl JL, Arlet JB, Azizi M, Karras A, Czernichow S, Smadja DM, Hulot JS, Cremer I, Tartour E, Mousseaux E, Pagès F. Differential association between inflammatory cytokines and multiorgan dysfunction in COVID-19 patients with obesity. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252026. [PMID: 34038475 PMCID: PMC8153504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the mechanisms underlying the SARS-CoV-2 infection severity observed in patients with obesity, we performed a prospective study of 51 patients evaluating the impact of multiple immune parameters during 2 weeks after admission, on vital organs' functions according to body mass index (BMI) categories. High-dimensional flow cytometric characterization of immune cell subsets was performed at admission, 30 systemic cytokines/chemokines levels were sequentially measured, thirteen endothelial markers were determined at admission and at the zenith of the cytokines. Computed tomography scans on admission were quantified for lung damage and hepatic steatosis (n = 23). Abnormal BMI (> 25) observed in 72.6% of patients, was associated with a higher rate of intensive care unit hospitalization (p = 0.044). SARS-CoV-2 RNAaemia, peripheral immune cell subsets and cytokines/chemokines were similar among BMI groups. A significant association between inflammatory cytokines and liver, renal, and endothelial dysfunctions was observed only in patients with obesity (BMI > 30). In contrast, early signs of lung damage (ground-glass opacity) correlated with Th1/M1/inflammatory cytokines only in normal weight patients. Later lesions of pulmonary consolidation correlated with BMI but were independent of cytokine levels. Our study reveals distinct physiopathological mechanisms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with obesity that may have important clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Agnès Dragon-Durey
- Laboratory of Immunology
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team Inflammation, Complement, and Cancer, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- Sorbonne Université, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team Information Sciences to Support Personalized Medicine, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Information Sciences to support Personalized Medicine, Paris, France
| | - Amos Kirilovsky
- Sorbonne Université, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team Integrative Cancer Immunology, Paris, France
| | - Nadine Ben Hamouda
- Laboratory of Immunology
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Carine El Sissy
- Laboratory of Immunology
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team Integrative Cancer Immunology, Paris, France
| | - Jules Russick
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team Inflammation, Complement, and Cancer, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Charpentier
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Department of Radiology
| | - Yannick Binois
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Department of Nephrology
| | - Florence Marliot
- Laboratory of Immunology
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team Integrative Cancer Immunology, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Meylan
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team Inflammation, Complement, and Cancer, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Clémence Granier
- Laboratory of Immunology
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM, Paris Cardiovascular Center / PARCC, UMR 970, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Pere
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM, Paris Cardiovascular Center / PARCC, UMR 970, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Virology
| | - Antonin Saldmann
- Laboratory of Immunology
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM, Paris Cardiovascular Center / PARCC, UMR 970, Paris, France
| | - Bastien Rance
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team Information Sciences to Support Personalized Medicine, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Information Sciences to support Personalized Medicine, Paris, France
- Biostatistics and Public Health Department
| | - Anne Sophie Jannot
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team Information Sciences to Support Personalized Medicine, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Information Sciences to support Personalized Medicine, Paris, France
- Biostatistics and Public Health Department
| | - Stéphanie Baron
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Physiology
| | - Mouna Chebbi
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Physiology
| | - Antoine Fayol
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Clinic Investigation Center 1418
| | - Nathalie Josseaume
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team Inflammation, Complement, and Cancer, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Claire Rives-Lange
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Nutrition
| | - Pierre-Louis Tharaux
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM, Paris Cardiovascular Center / PARCC, UMR 970, Paris, France
| | - Bernard Cholley
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Intensive Medicine, Reanimation
| | - Jean-Luc Diehl
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Intensive Medicine, Reanimation
- INSERM UMR-S1140, Team Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Benoît Arlet
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Michel Azizi
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Vascular Medicine
| | - Alexandre Karras
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Nephrology
| | - Sébastien Czernichow
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Nutrition
| | - David M. Smadja
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR-S1140, Team Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, Paris, France
- Department of Hematology
| | - Jean-Sébastien Hulot
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM, Paris Cardiovascular Center / PARCC, UMR 970, Paris, France
- Clinic Investigation Center 1418
| | - Isabelle Cremer
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team Inflammation, Complement, and Cancer, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Eric Tartour
- Laboratory of Immunology
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM, Paris Cardiovascular Center / PARCC, UMR 970, Paris, France
| | - Elie Mousseaux
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Radiology
| | - Franck Pagès
- Laboratory of Immunology
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team Integrative Cancer Immunology, Paris, France
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23
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Social Inequalities in Changes in Diet in Adolescents during Confinement Due to COVID-19 in Spain: The DESKcohort Project. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051577. [PMID: 34066867 PMCID: PMC8151229 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical period in the consolidation of healthy lifestyles that can last into adulthood. To analyze changes in food consumption and eating behaviors in high-school adolescents during the first confinement, a cross-sectional study was conducted at the end of confinement in Spain. Changes in the frequency or quantity of consumption of different types of food and food-related behaviors were analyzed. Socioeconomic and health-related variables were also considered. To determine whether dietary changes were related to socioeconomic position (SEP), Poisson regression models with robust variance were estimated. Overall, there were some changes towards a healthier diet such as an increase in fruit consumption (38.9%) and a decrease in the consumption of soft drinks (49.8%), sweets and pastries (39.3%), and convenience foods (49.2%). Some changes, however, were related to less healthy behaviors, such as a more irregular pattern of meal distribution (39.9%) or an increase in snacking between meals (56.4%). Changes towards less healthy eating were also related to students’ SEP. The risk of worsening the diet was found to be 21% higher in adolescents from a more disadvantaged SEP. Future public policies could be adapted to avoid increasing nutritional and health inequalities.
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24
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Kaufman-Shriqui V, Sherf-Dagan S, Boaz M, Birk R. Virtual nutrition consultation: what can we learn from the COVID-19 pandemic? Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:1166-1173. [PMID: 33436134 PMCID: PMC7870906 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021000148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the extent, quality and challenges of dietetic counselling during the pandemic. DESIGN A cross-sectional online thirty-six-item Google Survey. The survey queried demographics and information on usage and perceived telemedicine quality. SETTING The survey was distributed to Israeli Dietetic Association (ATID) mailing list between 31 March and 5 May 2020. PARTICIPANTS Clinical dietitians, members of ATID, who consented to participated in the survey. RESULTS Three hundred dietitians (12 % of ATID members; 95 % women; mean age 4·41 (sd 10·2) years) replied to the survey. Most dietitians reported a significant ∼30 % decrease in work hours due to the pandemic. The most prevalent form of alternative nutrition counselling (ANC) was over the phone (72 %); 53·5 % used online platforms. Nearly 45 % had no former ANC experience. Both ANC formats were reported inferior to face-to-face nutritional consultation (consultation quality median scores 8 and 7, on a 1-10 scale, for online and phone, respectively). ANC difficulties on either phone or online platforms were technical (56 and 47 %, respectively), lack of anthropometric measurements (28 and 25 %, respectively) and interpersonal communication (19 and 14·6 %, respectively). Older age and former phone counselling experience were associated with higher quality scores, respectively (OR = 1·046, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·08, P = 0·005), (95 % CI 1·38, 4·52, P = 0·02). Those who continued to work full time had five-time greater odds for a higher quality score using online platforms (OR = 5·33, 95 % CI 1·091, 14·89, P = 0·001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest telemedicine holds considerable promise for dietary consultation; however, additional tools and training are needed to optimise remote ANC, especially in light of potential crisis-induced lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vered Kaufman-Shriqui
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, P.O. Box 3, Ariel, Israel
| | - Shiri Sherf-Dagan
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, P.O. Box 3, Ariel, Israel
| | - Mona Boaz
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, P.O. Box 3, Ariel, Israel
| | - Ruth Birk
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, P.O. Box 3, Ariel, Israel
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Eating Habits and Sleep Quality during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Adult Population of Ecuador. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073606. [PMID: 33807140 PMCID: PMC8037487 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Confinement due to COVID-19 has brought important changes in people’s lives as well as in their eating and resting habits. In this study we aimed at exploring the eating habits and sleep quality of the adult population of Ecuador during the mandatory confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a cross-sectional study, which used an online survey that included questions about eating habits and sleeping habits in adults (n = 9522) between 18–69 years old. The Pittsburg sleep quality questionnaire validated for the Hispanic population was used, and questions about dietary habits. The statistical test Chi-square statistical test was used to analyze the data. The results show that sleep quality differs according to sex, being worse in women, both in all components of sleep quality and in the total score (p < 0.001). Women had greater changes in the habitual consumption of food compared to men (24.24% vs. 22.53%), and people between 18 and 40 years of age decreased their food consumption in relation to people >40 years (24.06% vs. 17.73%). Our results indicate that mandatory confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador has generated changes in the eating habits and sleep quality in the adult population sampled, and these changes are more noticeable in women and young adults. These changes offer an important alert for the health system and further, advice for the implementation of future public health policies.
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De Amicis R, Cancello R, Capodaglio P, Gobbi M, Brunani A, Gilardini L, Castenuovo G, Molinari E, Barbieri V, Mambrini SP, Battezzati A, Bertoli S. Patients with Severe Obesity during the COVID-19 Pandemic: How to Maintain an Adequate Multidisciplinary Nutritional Rehabilitation Program? Obes Facts 2021; 14:205-213. [PMID: 33744894 PMCID: PMC8089441 DOI: 10.1159/000513283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic is spreading all over the world, particularly in developed countries where obesity is also widespread. There is a high frequency of increased BMI in patients admitted to intensive care for SARS-CoV-2 infection with a major severity in patients with an excess of visceral adiposity. Patients at risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 acute respiratory syndrome are characterised by the high prevalence of pre-existing diseases (high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, or cancer), most of them typically present in severely obese patients. Indeed, the biological role of adipose tissue in sustaining SARS-CoV-2 infection is not completely elucidated. SUMMARY The forced isolation due to pandemic containment measures abruptly interrupted the rehabilitation programs to which many patients with severe obesity were enrolled. People affected by obesity, and especially those with severe obesity, should continue clinical rehabilitation programs, taking extra measures to avoid COVID-19 infection and reinforcing the adoption of preventive procedures. In this review, the available data on obesity and COVID-19 are discussed along with evidence-based strategies for maintaining the necessary continuous rehabilitation programs. Key Messages: Greater attention is needed for obese and severely obese patients in the face of the current COVID-19 pandemic, which represents a huge challenge for both patients and healthcare professionals. The adoption of new strategies to guarantee adequate and continuous multidisciplinary nutritional rehabilitation programs will be crucial to control the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in high-risk populations as well as the worsening of obesity-linked complications. Health authorities should be urged to equip hospitals with tools for the diffusion of telemedicine to maintain physician-patient communication, which is fundamental in chronic and complicated obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona De Amicis
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Cancello
- Obesity Unit - Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Capodaglio
- Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Unit and Clinical Lab for Gait Analysis and Posture, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piancavallo, Italy
| | - Michele Gobbi
- Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Unit and Clinical Lab for Gait Analysis and Posture, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piancavallo, Italy
| | - Amelia Brunani
- Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Unit and Clinical Lab for Gait Analysis and Posture, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piancavallo, Italy
| | - Luisa Gilardini
- Obesity Unit - Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Castenuovo
- Clinical Psychology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Molinari
- Clinical Psychology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valerio Barbieri
- Division of Nutritional Rehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piancavallo, Italy
| | - Sara Paola Mambrini
- Division of Nutritional Rehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piancavallo, Italy
| | - Alberto Battezzati
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Bertoli
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy,
- Obesity Unit - Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy,
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Androutsos O, Perperidi M, Georgiou C, Chouliaras G. Lifestyle Changes and Determinants of Children's and Adolescents' Body Weight Increase during the First COVID-19 Lockdown in Greece: The COV-EAT Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030930. [PMID: 33805678 PMCID: PMC7998995 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown imposed changes in adults’ lifestyle behaviors; however, there is limited information regarding the effects on youth. The COV-EAT study aimed to report changes in children’s and adolescents’ lifestyle habits during the first COVID-19 lockdown and explore potential associations between changes of participants’ lifestyle behaviors and body weight. An online survey among 397 children/adolescents and their parents across 63 municipalities in Greece was conducted in April–May 2020. Parents self-reported changes of their children’s lifestyle habits and body weight, as well as sociodemographic data of their family. The present study shows that during the lockdown, children’s/adolescents’ sleep duration and screen time increased, while their physical activity decreased. Their consumption of fruits and fresh fruit juices, vegetables, dairy products, pasta, sweets, total snacks, and breakfast increased, while fast-food consumption decreased. Body weight increased in 35% of children/adolescents. A multiple regression analysis showed that the body weight increase was associated with increased consumption of breakfast, salty snacks, and total snacks and with decreased physical activity. The COV-EAT study revealed changes in children’s and adolescents’ lifestyle behaviors during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Greece. Effective strategies are needed to prevent excessive body weight gain in future COVID-19 lockdowns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odysseas Androutsos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 42132 Trikala, Greece; (M.P.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-24310-47108
| | - Maria Perperidi
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 42132 Trikala, Greece; (M.P.); (C.G.)
| | - Christos Georgiou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 42132 Trikala, Greece; (M.P.); (C.G.)
| | - Giorgos Chouliaras
- Second Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
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Obesity in COVID-19 era, implications for mechanisms, comorbidities, and prognosis: a review and meta-analysis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:998-1016. [PMID: 33637951 PMCID: PMC7909378 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00776-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Recent studies have shown that obesity is associated with the severity of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). We reviewed clinical studies to clarify the obesity relationship with COVID-19 severity, comorbidities, and discussing possible mechanisms. Materials and methods The electronic databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, were searched and all studies conducted on COVID-19 and obesity were reviewed. All studies were independently screened by reviewers based on their titles and abstracts. Results Forty relevant articles were selected, and their full texts were reviewed. Obesity affects the respiratory and immune systems through various mechanisms. Cytokine and adipokine secretion from adipose tissue leads to a pro-inflammatory state in obese patients, predisposing them to thrombosis, incoordination of innate and adaptive immune responses, inadequate antibody response, and cytokine storm. Obese patients had a longer virus shedding. Obesity is associated with other comorbidities such as hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and vitamin D deficiency. Hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation, and even mortality in obese patients were higher than normal-weight patients. Obesity could alter the direction of severe COVID-19 symptoms to younger individuals. Reduced physical activity, unhealthy eating habits and, more stress and fear experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic may result in more weight gain and obesity. Conclusions Obesity should be considered as an independent risk factor for the severity of COVID-19. Paying more attention to preventing weight gain in obese patients with COVID-19 infection in early levels of disease is crucial during this pandemic.
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MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE COMPOSITION BASE OF PRODUCTS FOR BODY WEIGHT CONTROL. EUREKA: LIFE SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.21303/2504-5695.2021.001643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The problems of overweight and obesity have been analyzed, and the main ways to solve them have been investigated, one of which is the consumption of specially designed bran bars for body weight control. Based on the recommendations of experts, it has determined that the main components characterized by a high fiber content are oat and wheat bran, flax seed meal, in particular, the proposals of specialists on their content in the target products planned for development have been analyzed. Based on these data, 9 model compositions of the mentioned components have been created, their organoleptic properties have been assessed using a specially created point scale, on the basis of which, using the weight coefficients, their complex quality indicators has been determined. The information obtained was used to develop and build a mathematical model of the composition of the compositional base of bars for body weight control
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Giorgino F, Bhana S, Czupryniak L, Dagdelen S, Galstyan GR, Janež A, Lalić N, Nouri N, Rahelić D, Stoian AP, Raz I. Management of patients with diabetes and obesity in the COVID-19 era: Experiences and learnings from South and East Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 172:108617. [PMID: 33310175 PMCID: PMC7728417 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major effect on healthcare during 2020. Current evidence suggests that, while individuals with diabetes and obesity are no more prone to SARS-CoV-2 infection than those without, the risk of hospitalisation if someone has diabetes or obesity and then contracts COVID-19 is three times higher - and 4.5 times higher if they have diabetes and obesity. We assembled a panel of experts from South and East Europe, the Middle East, and Africa to discuss the challenges to management of diabetes and obesity during and post the COVID-19 pandemic. The experience and learnings of this panel cover a heterogeneous patient population, wide range of clinical settings, healthcare organisations, disease management strategies, and social factors. We discuss the importance of timely and effective disease management via telemedicine, providing reassurance and guidance for patients unable or unwilling to visit healthcare settings at this time. We address the use of novel therapies and their role in managing diabetes and obesity during the pandemic, as well as the importance of controlling hypoglycaemia and preventing cardiovascular complications, particularly in vulnerable people. Finally, we consider post-COVID-19 management of diabetes and obesity, and how these learnings and experiences should impact upon future clinical guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Giorgino
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
| | - Sindeep Bhana
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism, Internal Medicine, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Leszek Czupryniak
- Diabetology and Internal Medicine Department, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Selcuk Dagdelen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gagik R Galstyan
- Diabetic Foot Department, Federal State Budgetary Institution, National Medical Research Center of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrej Janež
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nebojsa Lalić
- Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Dr Subotica 8, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Nassim Nouri
- Metabolic Disease Research Laboratory, University of Constantine 3, El Khroub, Algeria
| | - Dario Rahelić
- Vuk Vrhovac University Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Merkur University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia; School of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | | | - Itamar Raz
- Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
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SARS-CoV-2 and Obesity: "CoVesity"-a Pandemic Within a Pandemic. Obes Surg 2021; 31:1745-1754. [PMID: 33479921 PMCID: PMC7819768 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-04919-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Individuals who are overweight or suffering from obesity are in a chronic state of low-grade inflammation, making them particularly susceptible to developing severe forms of respiratory failure. Studies conducted in past pandemics link obesity with worse health outcomes. This population is thus of particular concern within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, considering the cessation of obesity management services. This systematic review highlights [1] the reciprocal link between the obesity and COVID-19 pandemics, [2] obesity as a risk factor for more severe disease in past pandemics, [3] potential mechanisms that make individual’s suffering from obesity more susceptible to severe disease and higher viral load, and [4] the need to safely resume bariatric services as recommended by expert guidelines, in order to mitigate the health outcomes of an already vulnerable population.
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Fresán U, Guevara M, Elía F, Albéniz E, Burgui C, Castilla J. Independent Role of Severe Obesity as a Risk Factor for COVID-19 Hospitalization: A Spanish Population-Based Cohort Study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:29-37. [PMID: 32885905 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study analyzed the association between severe obesity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospitalization and severe disease. METHODS The incidence of hospitalization for laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 was evaluated in a prospective population-based cohort of 433,995 persons aged 25 to 79 years in Spain during March and April of 2020. Persons with and without class 3 obesity were compared using Poisson regression to estimate the adjusted relative risk (aRR) from class 3 obesity of COVID-19 hospitalization and of severe disease (intensive care unit admission or death). Differences in the effect by age, sex, and chronic conditions were evaluated. RESULTS Individuals with class 3 obesity had a higher risk of hospitalization (aRR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.66-2.93) and developing severe COVID-19 (aRR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.20-4.40). In people younger than 50 years, these effects were more pronounced (aRR = 5.02, 95% CI: 3.19-7.90 and aRR = 13.80, 95% CI: 3.11-61.17, respectively), whereas no significant effects were observed in those aged 65 to 79 years (aRR = 1.22, 95% CI: 0.70-2.12 and aRR = 1.42, 95% CI: 0.52-3.88, respectively). Sex and chronic conditions did not modify the effect of class 3 obesity in any of the outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Severe obesity is a relevant risk factor for COVID-19 hospitalization and severity in young adults, having a magnitude similar to that of aging. Tackling the current obesity pandemic could alleviate the impact of chronic and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujué Fresán
- Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Pamplona, Spain
- Navarre Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marcela Guevara
- Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Pamplona, Spain
- Navarre Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fernando Elía
- Navarre Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Primary Health Care Directorate, Navarre Health Service, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Esther Albéniz
- Navarre Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Primary Health Care Directorate, Navarre Health Service, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristina Burgui
- Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Pamplona, Spain
- Navarre Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jesús Castilla
- Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Pamplona, Spain
- Navarre Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
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Dicker D, Golan R, Baker JL, Busetto L, Frühbeck G, Goossens GH, Halford JC, Holm JC, Woodward E, Farpour-Lambert NJ. Vaccinating People with Obesity for COVID-19: EASO Call for Action. Obes Facts 2021; 14:334-335. [PMID: 33915546 PMCID: PMC8255639 DOI: 10.1159/000516524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dror Dicker
- European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), Teddington, United Kingdom
- Department of Internal Medicine D, Hasharon Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rachel Golan
- Department of Public Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Jennifer Lyn Baker
- European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), Teddington, United Kingdom
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Luca Busetto
- European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), Teddington, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), Teddington, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, CIBEROBN, Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gijs H. Goossens
- European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), Teddington, United Kingdom
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jason C.G. Halford
- European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), Teddington, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jens-Christian Holm
- European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), Teddington, United Kingdom
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Paediatrics, Holbæk University Hospital, Holbæk, Denmark
| | - Euan Woodward
- European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), Teddington, United Kingdom
- *Rachel Golan,
| | - Nathalie J. Farpour-Lambert
- European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), Teddington, United Kingdom
- Obesity Prevention and Care Program, Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Landecho MF, Frühbeck G. Benefits of Bariatric Surgery Prior to SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Modulating the Response to COVID-19. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:19. [PMID: 33021051 PMCID: PMC7675612 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel F. Landecho
- Internal Medicine DepartmentGeneral Health Check‐up UnitCOVID‐19 TeamClínica Universidad de NavarraPamplonaSpain
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Obesity AreaDepartment of Endocrinology & NutritionClínica Universidad de NavarraIdiSNAPamplonaSpain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIPamplonaSpain
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Sahin S, Sezer H, Cicek E, Yagız Ozogul Y, Yildirim M, Icli TB, Polat Korkmaz O, Durcan E, Sulu C, Somay K, Bekdemir B, Borekci S, Yazici D, Deyneli O, Ergonul O, Tabak F, Dikmen Y, Ozkaya HM, Gonen MS, Damci T, Ilkova H, Yumuk VD. The Role of Obesity in Predicting the Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19. Obes Facts 2021; 14:481-489. [PMID: 34352797 PMCID: PMC8450845 DOI: 10.1159/000517180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this was to describe the predictors of mortality related to COVID-19 infection and to evaluate the association between overweight, obesity, and clinical outcomes of COVID-19. METHODS We included the patients >18 years of age, with at least one positive SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Patients were grouped according to body mass index values as normal weight <25 kg/m2 (Group A), overweight from 25 to <30 kg/m2 (Group B), Class I obesity 30 to <35 kg/m2 (Group C), and ≥35 kg/m2 (Group D). Mortality, clinical outcomes, laboratory parameters, and comorbidities were compared among 4 groups. RESULTS There was no significant difference among study groups in terms of mortality. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation requirement was higher in group B and D than group A, while it was higher in Group D than Group C (Group B vs. Group A [p = 0.017], Group D vs. Group A [p = 0.001], and Group D vs. Group C [p = 0.016]). Lung involvement was less common in Group A, and presence of hypoxia was more common in Group D (Group B vs. Group A [p = 0.025], Group D vs. Group A [p < 0.001], Group D vs. Group B [p = 0.006], and Group D vs. Group C [p = 0.014]). The hospitalization rate was lower in Group A than in the other groups; in addition, patients in Group D have the highest rate of hospitalization (Group B vs. Group A [p < 0.001], Group C vs. Group A [p < 0.001], Group D vs. Group A [p < 0.001], Group D vs. Group B [p < 0.001], and Group D vs. Group C [p = 0.010]). CONCLUSION COVID-19 patients with overweight and obesity presented with more severe clinical findings. Health-care providers should take into account that people living with overweight and obesity are at higher risk for COVID-19 and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Sahin
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University − Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
- European Association for the Study of Obesity − Collaborating Center for Obesity Management, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Havva Sezer
- European Association for the Study of Obesity − Collaborating Center for Obesity Management, Istanbul, Turkey
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Cicek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University − Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Yagız Ozogul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University − Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Yildirim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University − Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tevhide Betul Icli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University − Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozge Polat Korkmaz
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University − Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
- European Association for the Study of Obesity − Collaborating Center for Obesity Management, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emre Durcan
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University − Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
- European Association for the Study of Obesity − Collaborating Center for Obesity Management, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cem Sulu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University − Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
- European Association for the Study of Obesity − Collaborating Center for Obesity Management, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kayra Somay
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahar Bekdemir
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sermin Borekci
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University − Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Yazici
- European Association for the Study of Obesity − Collaborating Center for Obesity Management, Istanbul, Turkey
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oguzhan Deyneli
- European Association for the Study of Obesity − Collaborating Center for Obesity Management, Istanbul, Turkey
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Onder Ergonul
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fehmi Tabak
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University − Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yalim Dikmen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University − Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hande Mefkure Ozkaya
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University − Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Sait Gonen
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University − Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Taner Damci
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University − Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
- European Association for the Study of Obesity − Collaborating Center for Obesity Management, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasan Ilkova
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University − Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
- European Association for the Study of Obesity − Collaborating Center for Obesity Management, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Volkan Demirhan Yumuk
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University − Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
- European Association for the Study of Obesity − Collaborating Center for Obesity Management, Istanbul, Turkey
- *Volkan Demirhan Yumuk,
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Täuber S, Flint SW, Gausel N. Exploring Responses to Body Weight Criticism: Defensive Avoidance When Weight Is Seen as Controllable. Front Psychol 2020; 11:598109. [PMID: 33362660 PMCID: PMC7758617 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.598109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In Western society, weight moralization is reflected in the belief that weight is controllable across the weight spectrum. However, the effect of holding such beliefs is unclear. We therefore propose that these beliefs affect people differently depending on their BMI. When confronted with negative, self-related feedback, people’s coping strategies are often reflected in the ways they relate to their self. We examine three such self-to-self relations (i.e., reassured, inadequate, and hated self). Extending prior research, we predict that weight controllability beliefs are related to positive self-to-self relations for adults with a low, and to negative self-to-self relations for adults with a high BMI. Accordingly, we expected that weight controllability beliefs would be associated with defensive avoidance among people with a high, but not with a low BMI. We tested our hypotheses in a sample of 348 adults who participated in an online survey. Weight controllability beliefs were associated with increased defensive avoidance in people with high BMI, and with decreased defensive avoidance in adults with a low BMI. Forms of self-to-self relating fully mediated this association, demonstrating positive effects on adults with a low, and negative effects on adults with a high BMI. Additionally, in an open ending section, we found seven social settings that deprive people from satisfying their need to belong and to be accepted due to their weight. We discuss our findings against a call for a less moralized public discourse about overweight and obesity that is particularly relevant in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Täuber
- Department of Human Resource Management and Organizational Behavior, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Stuart W Flint
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Scaled Insights, Nexus, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolay Gausel
- Faculty of Health and Welfare, Østfold University College, Fredrikstad, Norway
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Staub K, Matthes KL, Rühli F, Bender N. Clash of the pandemics - At least 150'000 adults in Switzerland suffer from obesity grades 2 or 3 and are thus at elevated risk for severe COVID-19. F1000Res 2020; 9:1413. [PMID: 33796278 PMCID: PMC7970431 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.27819.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Grade 2 and 3 obesity, alongside with other relevant risk factors, are substantially and independently associated with adverse outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, for Switzerland, due to the lack of synthesis studies, it is currently unknown how many people are affected by obesity at all. This knowledge may help to better estimate the relevance and size of this group at elevated risk, which could be incorporated into strategies to protect risk groups during the still unfolding COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to provide a first overall estimation of how many people in Switzerland are currently affected by grade 2 or 3 obesity. Methods: Five representative national population-based studies were accessed which were conducted between 2012 and 2017 and which include data on height and weight of adult men and women in Switzerland. Results: In Switzerland in 2012-2017, among the 11.20% adults who were obese (body mass index (BMI) ≥30.0kg/m2), 1.76% (95% CI 1.50-2.02) suffered from grade 2 obesity (BMI 35.0-39.9 kg/m2), and 0.58% (95% CI 0.50-0.66) from grade severe 3 obesity (BMI ≥40.0 kg/m2). Converted into estimated absolute population numbers, this corresponds to a total of approximately n=154,515 people who suffer from grade 2 or 3 obesity (n=116,216 and n=38,298, respectively). Conclusions: This risk group includes many younger people in Switzerland. The number of people with obesity-related risk becomes 3.8 to 13.6 times higher if grade 1 obesity and overweight people are also included in this risk group, for which there are arguments arising in the latest literature. In general, this large group at risk for severe COVID-19 should be given more attention and support. If it is confirmed that obesity plays a major role in severe COVID-19 courses, then every kilo of body weight that is not gained or that is lost in lockdown counts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaspar Staub
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss School of Public Health SSPH+, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katarina L. Matthes
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frank Rühli
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss School of Public Health SSPH+, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Bender
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss School of Public Health SSPH+, Zurich, Switzerland
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38
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López-Moreno M, López MTI, Miguel M, Garcés-Rimón M. Physical and Psychological Effects Related to Food Habits and Lifestyle Changes Derived from Covid-19 Home Confinement in the Spanish Population. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3445. [PMID: 33182816 PMCID: PMC7696994 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As a consequence of COVID-19, millions of households have suffered mobility restrictions and changes in their lifestyle over several months. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of COVID-19 home confinement on the food habits, lifestyle and emotional balance of the Spanish population. This cross-sectional study used data collected via an anonymous online questionnaire during the month before lockdown finished in Spain, with a total of 675 participants. 38.8% of the respondents experienced weight gain while 31.1% lost weight during confinement. The increase in body weight was positively correlated with age (Rs = 0.14, p < 0.05) and BMI (Rs = 0.20, p < 0.05). We also identified that 39.7% reported poorer quality sleep, positively correlated with BMI (Rs = -0.18, p < 0.05) and with age (Rs = -0.21, p < 0.05). 44.7% of the participants had not performed physical exercise during confinement with differences by sex (p < 0.05), by age (p < 0.05), by BMI (p < 0.05) and by sleep quality (p < 0.05). According to an emotional-eater questionnaire, 21.8% and 11% were classified as an emotional eater or a very emotional eater, respectively. We emphasize the importance of adopting a healthy lifestyle, as the COVID-19 pandemic is ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel López-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de Alimentación (CIAL; CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.-M.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria Teresa Iglesias López
- Grupo de Investigación en Biotecnología Alimentaria, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marta Miguel
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de Alimentación (CIAL; CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.-M.); (M.M.)
| | - Marta Garcés-Rimón
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de Alimentación (CIAL; CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.-M.); (M.M.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Biotecnología Alimentaria, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
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Müller-Wieland D, Marx N, Dreher M, Fritzen K, Schnell O. COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Comorbidities. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2020; 130:178-189. [PMID: 33157558 DOI: 10.1055/a-1269-1405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of a new coronavirus - severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) - has resulted in a global pandemic. The associated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in a high number of death worldwide. Observational studies and case reports have provided insights that older age and the presence of chronic diseases is frequently associated with a higher COVID-19 severity. These individuals also seem to have a higher risk of mortality due to COVID-19. In this review we provide insights into the impact chronic diseases associated with the cardiovascular system, such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiovascular disease might have on SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19. Additionally we review recommendations and guidance's of international scientific associations and discuss which key learnings might be of importance for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Müller-Wieland
- Clinic for Cardiology, Angiology and Internal Care Medicine (Medical Clinic I) Universitatsklinikum Aachen, Aachen
| | - Nikolaus Marx
- Clinic for Cardiology, Angiology and Internal Care Medicine (Medical Clinic I) Universitatsklinikum Aachen, Aachen
| | - Michael Dreher
- Clinic for Pneumology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine (Medical Clinic V, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen
| | | | - Oliver Schnell
- Sciarc GmbH, Baierbrunn.,Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V., Munich Neuherberg
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40
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Dhawan D, Sharma S. Abdominal Obesity, Adipokines and Non-communicable Diseases. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 203:105737. [PMID: 32818561 PMCID: PMC7431389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal obesity may be defined as excess deposits of fat in the abdominal region. It is a common health condition seen in South Asians and is positively related to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). It is independent of body mass index and measured by raised waist circumference for men≥90 cm and women≥80 cm. The reason for its prevalence being common in Indians finds its root from pregnancy, during fetal period and has emerged as a concept of 'Thin Fat Indian'. Malnutrition in such a critical period of growth has consequences in the form of reduced basal metabolic rate (BMR), reduced blood flow to growing tissues, reduced functional ability of vital organs, endocrine changes and reduced capacity of primary adipose tissue. However, excess of visceral fat facilitates high dosage of adipokines in the portal vein to liver and other body tissues having serious implications seen in the form NCDs like diabetes, hypertension, heart diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, kidney disorders, cancer and other health problems. Abdominal obesity should be addressed before it has progressed further to defined health issues by exercise and diet, so that people can live a quality life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Dhawan
- Department of Dietetics and Applied Nutrition, Amity University, Haryana, Gurgaon, India; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Sheel Sharma
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India
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Rottoli M, Bernante P, Belvedere A, Balsamo F, Garelli S, Giannella M, Cascavilla A, Tedeschi S, Ianniruberto S, Rosselli Del Turco E, Tonetti T, Ranieri VM, Poggioli G, Manzoli L, Pagotto U, Viale P, Bartoletti M. How important is obesity as a risk factor for respiratory failure, intensive care admission and death in hospitalised COVID-19 patients? Results from a single Italian centre. Eur J Endocrinol 2020; 183:389-397. [PMID: 32674071 PMCID: PMC9494325 DOI: 10.1530/eje-20-0541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Specific comorbidities and old age create a greater vulnerability to severe Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19). While obesity seems to aggravate the course of disease, the actual impact of the BMI and the cutoff which increases illness severity are still under investigation. The aim of the study was to analyze whether the BMI represented a risk factor for respiratory failure, admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and death. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A retrospective cohort study of 482 consecutive COVID-19 patients hospitalised between March 1 and April 20, 2020. Logistic regression analysis and Cox proportion Hazard models including demographic characteristics and comorbidities were carried out to predict the endpoints within 30 days from the onset of symptoms. RESULTS Of 482 patients, 104 (21.6%) had a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. At logistic regression analysis, a BMI between 30 and 34.9 kg/m2 significantly increased the risk of respiratory failure (OR: 2.32; 95% CI: 1.31-4.09, P = 0.004) and admission to the ICU (OR: 4.96; 95% CI: 2.53-9.74, P < 0.001). A significantly higher risk of death was observed in patients with a BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 (OR: 12.1; 95% CI: 3.25-45.1, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Obesity is a strong, independent risk factor for respiratory failure, admission to the ICU and death among COVID-19 patients. A BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 identifies a population of patients at high risk for severe illness, whereas a BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 dramatically increases the risk of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Rottoli
- Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, Sant'Orsola Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Centre for the Study and Research of Treatment for Morbid Obesity, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Bernante
- Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, Sant'Orsola Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Centre for the Study and Research of Treatment for Morbid Obesity, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angela Belvedere
- Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, Sant'Orsola Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Balsamo
- Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, Sant'Orsola Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Centre for the Study and Research of Treatment for Morbid Obesity, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Garelli
- Centre for the Study and Research of Treatment for Morbid Obesity, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology and Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Sant'Orsola Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maddalena Giannella
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Sant'Orsola Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cascavilla
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Sant'Orsola Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Tedeschi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Sant'Orsola Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Ianniruberto
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Sant'Orsola Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Rosselli Del Turco
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Sant'Orsola Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tommaso Tonetti
- Intensive Care Unit, Sant'Orsola Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vito Marco Ranieri
- Intensive Care Unit, Sant'Orsola Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gilberto Poggioli
- Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, Sant'Orsola Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lamberto Manzoli
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Uberto Pagotto
- Centre for the Study and Research of Treatment for Morbid Obesity, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology and Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Sant'Orsola Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Viale
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Sant'Orsola Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Bartoletti
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Sant'Orsola Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Ghosal S, Arora B, Dutta K, Ghosh A, Sinha B, Misra A. Increase in the risk of type 2 diabetes during lockdown for the COVID19 pandemic in India: A cohort analysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:949-952. [PMID: 32604013 PMCID: PMC7303633 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Lockdown due to the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) pandemic may cause weight gain and enhance the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to determine this risk in apparently non-diabetic individuals. MATERIAL METHODS Baseline demographic and clinical data from 100 apparently non-diabetic household members (related or unrelated) of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were collected until 49 days of lockdown and analyzed using the XL-STAT statistical software. A two-pronged analytical strategy was employed. First, the metabolic risk profile related to age, sex, weight, family history, and exercise pattern was analyzed. This was followed by an assessment of the risk of developing type 2 diabetes using an established risk assessment engine. RESULTS There was a trend towards weight gain seen in 40% of the cohort, with 16% of the population experiencing a 2.1-5 kg weight increment. When all the risk parameters were analyzed together using the ADA risk engine, there was an increase in the ADA diabetes risk score in 7% of the population, with 6.66% in the high-risk group. There was a further increase in weight among 3% of the population who were already obese at baseline. CONCLUSION We show an increased risk of T2MD consequent to weight gain during 49 days of lockdown in India.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhavya Arora
- Fortis CDOC Hospital for Diabetes and Allied Specialties, Chirag Enclave, New Delhi, India
| | - Koel Dutta
- Fortis CDOC Hospital for Diabetes and Allied Specialties, Chirag Enclave, New Delhi, India
| | - Amerta Ghosh
- Fortis CDOC Hospital for Diabetes and Allied Specialties, Chirag Enclave, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Anoop Misra
- Fortis CDOC Hospital for Diabetes and Allied Specialties, Chirag Enclave, New Delhi, India; National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation, New Delhi, India; Diabetes Foundation (India), New Delhi, India
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COVID‐19 and obesity in childhood and adolescence: a clinical review. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2020. [PMCID: PMC7413153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo Identificar fatores que contribuem para o aumento da suscetibilidade e gravidade da COVID‐19 em crianças e adolescentes obesos e suas consequências para a saúde. Fontes de dados Estudos publicados entre 2000 e 2020 nas bases de dados PubMed, Medline, Scopus, SciELO e Cochrane. Síntese dos dados A obesidade é uma comorbidade altamente prevalente em casos graves de COVID‐19 em crianças e adolescentes e o isolamento social pode levar ao aumento do acúmulo de gordura. Tecido adiposo excessivo, déficit de massa magra, resistência à insulina, dislipidemia, hipertensão, altos níveis de citocinas pró‐inflamatórias e baixa ingestão de nutrientes essenciais são fatores que comprometem o funcionamento dos órgãos e sistemas no indivíduo obeso. Esses fatores estão associados a danos nos sistemas imunológico, cardiovascular, respiratório e urinário, juntamente com a modificação da microbiota intestinal (disbiose). Na infecção por SARS‐CoV‐2, essas alterações orgânicas causadas pela obesidade podem aumentar a necessidade de assistência ventilatória, risco de tromboembolismo, taxa de filtração glomerular reduzida, alterações na resposta imune inata e adaptativa e perpetuação da resposta inflamatória crônica. Conclusões A necessidade de isolamento social pode ter o efeito de causar ou agravar a obesidade e suas comorbidades e pediatras precisam estar cientes desse problema. Diante de crianças com suspeita ou confirmação de COVID‐19, os profissionais de saúde devem 1) diagnosticar o excesso de peso; 2) aconselhar sobre cuidados de saúde em tempos de isolamento; 3) fazer a triagem de comorbidades, garantindo que o tratamento não seja interrompido; 4) medir os níveis de imunonutrientes; 5) orientar a família respeitando as especificidades da situação; e 6) encaminhamento a unidades qualificadas para cuidar de crianças e adolescentes obesos, quando necessário.
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Nogueira-de-Almeida CA, Del Ciampo LA, Ferraz IS, Del Ciampo IRL, Contini AA, Ued FDV. COVID-19 and obesity in childhood and adolescence: a clinical review. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2020; 96:546-558. [PMID: 32768388 PMCID: PMC7402231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify factors that contribute to the increased susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 in obese children and adolescents, and its health consequences. SOURCES Studies published between 2000 and 2020 in the PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, SciELO, and Cochrane databases. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS Obesity is a highly prevalent comorbidity in severe cases of COVID-19 in children and adolescents; social isolation may lead to increase fat accumulation. Excessive adipose tissue, deficit in lean mass, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, high levels of proinflammatory cytokines, and low intake of essential nutrients are factors that compromise the functioning of organs and systems in obese individuals. These factors are associated with damage to immune, cardiovascular, respiratory, and urinary systems, along with modification of the intestinal microbiota (dysbiosis). In severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, these organic changes from obesity may increase the need for ventilatory assistance, risk of thromboembolism, reduced glomerular filtration rate, changes in the innate and adaptive immune response, and perpetuation of the chronic inflammatory response. CONCLUSIONS The need for social isolation can have the effect of causing or worsening obesity and its comorbidities, and pediatricians need to be aware of this issue. Facing children with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, health professionals should 1) diagnose excess weight; 2) advise on health care in times of isolation; 3) screen for comorbidities, ensuring that treatment is not interrupted; 4) measure levels of immunonutrients; 5) guide the family in understanding the specifics of the situation; and 6) refer to units qualified to care for obese children and adolescents when necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luiz A Del Ciampo
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Puericultura e Pediatria, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ivan S Ferraz
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Puericultura e Pediatria, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ieda R L Del Ciampo
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Medicina, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrea A Contini
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Medicina, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio da V Ued
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Głąbska D, Skolmowska D, Guzek D. Population-Based Study of the Changes in the Food Choice Determinants of Secondary School Students: Polish Adolescents' COVID-19 Experience (PLACE-19) Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2640. [PMID: 32872577 PMCID: PMC7551462 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
During the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the lockdown, various changes of dietary habits are observed, including both positive and negative ones. However, the food choice determinants in this period were not studied so far for children and adolescents. The study aimed to analyze the changes in the food choice determinants of secondary school students in a national sample of Polish adolescents within the Polish Adolescents' COVID-19 Experience (PLACE-19) Study population. The study was conducted in May 2020, based on the random quota sampling of schools (for voivodeships and counties) and a number of 2448 students from all the regions of Poland participated. The Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ) (36 items) was applied twice-to analyze separately current choices (during the period of COVID-19 pandemic) and general choices (when there was no COVID-19 pandemic). For both the period before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, sensory appeal and price were indicated as the most important factors (with the highest scores). However, differences were observed between the scores of specific factors, while health (p < 0.0001) and weight control (p < 0.0001) were declared as more important during the period of COVID-19 pandemic, compared with the period before, but mood (p < 0.0001) and sensory appeal (p < 0.0001) as less important. The observations were confirmed for sub-groups, while female and male respondents were analyzed separately. It can be concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic may have changed the food choice determinants of Polish adolescents, as it may have increased the importance of health and weight control, but reduced the role of mood and sensory appeal. This may be interpreted as positive changes promoting the uptake of a better diet than in the period before the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Głąbska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Dominika Skolmowska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Dominika Guzek
- Department of Food Market and Consumer Research, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
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Flaherty GT, Hession P, Liew CH, Lim BCW, Leong TK, Lim V, Sulaiman LH. COVID-19 in adult patients with pre-existing chronic cardiac, respiratory and metabolic disease: a critical literature review with clinical recommendations. Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines 2020; 6:16. [PMID: 32868984 PMCID: PMC7453673 DOI: 10.1186/s40794-020-00118-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high burden of severe disease and death from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been consistently observed in older patients, especially those with pre-existing medical co-morbidities. The global pandemic lockdown has isolated many patients with chronic illnesses from their routine medical care. This narrative review article analyses the multitude of issues faced by individuals with underlying medical conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Sources for this publication were identified through searches of PubMed for articles published between 31st December 2019 and 4th June 2020, using combinations of search terms. Guidelines and updates from reputable agencies were also consulted. Only articles published in the English language were included. RESULTS The volume of literature on COVID-19 continues to expand, with 17,845 articles indexed on PubMed by 4th June 2020, 130 of which were deemed particularly relevant to the subject matter of this review. Older patients are more likely to progress to severe COVID-19 disease requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease, especially hypertension and coronary heart disease, are at greatly increased risk of developing severe and fatal COVID-19 disease. A controversial aspect of the management of COVID-19 disease has been the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers. Obese COVID-19 patients are more likely to require complex ICU management. Putative mechanisms of increased COVID-19 disease severity in diabetes include hyperglycaemia, altered immune function, sub-optimal glycaemic control during hospitalisation, a pro-thrombotic and pro-inflammatory state. Patients with mental health disorders are particularly vulnerable to social isolation, and this has been compounded by the suspension of non-emergency care in hospitals around the world, making it difficult for patients with chronic mental illness to attend outpatient appointments. CONCLUSIONS The global pandemic of COVID-19 disease has had a disproportionately negative impact on patients living with chronic medical illness. Future research should be directed at efforts to protect vulnerable patients from possible further waves of COVID-19 and minimising the negative impact of pandemic mitigation strategies on these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Thomas Flaherty
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- National Institute for Prevention and Cardiovascular Health, Galway, Ireland
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Paul Hession
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Cork University Hospital Group, Cork, Ireland
| | - Chee Hwui Liew
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- National Institute for Prevention and Cardiovascular Health, Galway, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bryan Chang Wei Lim
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Tan Kok Leong
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Victor Lim
- Department of Pathology, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lokman Hakim Sulaiman
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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48
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Goossens GH, Dicker D, Farpour-Lambert NJ, Frühbeck G, Mullerova D, Woodward E, Holm JC. Obesity and COVID-19: A Perspective from the European Association for the Study of Obesity on Immunological Perturbations, Therapeutic Challenges, and Opportunities in Obesity. Obes Facts 2020; 13:439-452. [PMID: 32791497 PMCID: PMC7490508 DOI: 10.1159/000510719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that obesity is a major risk factor for the initiation, progression, and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), as a scientific and medical society dedicated to the promotion of health and well-being, is greatly concerned about the concomitant obesity and COVID-19 pandemics and their impact on health and society at large. In this perspective, we will address the inherent immunological perturbations and alterations in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in patients with obesity and COVID-19, and discuss how these impairments may underlie the increased susceptibility and more detrimental outcomes of COVID-19 in people with obesity. Clearly, this has important implications for preventive measures, vaccination, and future therapeutic strategies to combat COVID-19. Furthermore, we will highlight important knowledge gaps and provide suggestions for future research and recommendations for policy actions. Since many new reports on COVID-19 rapidly appear, the present perspective should be seen as a focus for discussion to drive forward further understanding, research initiatives, and clinical management of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijs H Goossens
- European Association for the Study of Obesity, Teddington, United Kingdom,
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands,
| | - Dror Dicker
- European Association for the Study of Obesity, Teddington, United Kingdom
- Department of Internal Medicine D and Obesity Clinic, Hasharon Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nathalie J Farpour-Lambert
- European Association for the Study of Obesity, Teddington, United Kingdom
- Obesity Prevention and Care Program Contrepoids, Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nutrition, and Therapeutic Patient Education, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- European Association for the Study of Obesity, Teddington, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, CIBEROBN, Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Dana Mullerova
- European Association for the Study of Obesity, Teddington, United Kingdom
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czechia
| | - Euan Woodward
- European Association for the Study of Obesity, Teddington, United Kingdom
- European Association for the Study of Obesity Secretariat, Teddington, United Kingdom
| | - Jens-Christian Holm
- European Association for the Study of Obesity, Teddington, United Kingdom
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Holbæk University Hospital, Holbæk, Denmark
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Dicker D, Bettini S, Farpour-Lambert N, Frühbeck G, Golan R, Goossens G, Halford J, O'Malley G, Mullerova D, Ramos Salas X, Hassapiou MN, Sagen J, Woodward E, Yumuk V, Busetto L. Obesity and COVID-19: The Two Sides of the Coin. Obes Facts 2020; 13:430-438. [PMID: 32659766 PMCID: PMC7841065 DOI: 10.1159/000510005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization declared COVID-19, the infectious disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, a pandemic on March 12, 2020. COVID-19 is causing massive health problems and economic suffering around the world. The European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) promptly recognised the impact that the outbreak could have on people with obesity. On one side, emerging data suggest that obesity represents a risk factor for a more serious and complicated course of COVID-19 in adults. On the other side, the health emergency caused by the outbreak diverts attention from the prevention and care of non-communicable chronic diseases to communicable diseases. This might be particularly true for obesity, a chronic and relapsing disease frequently neglected and linked to significant bias and stigmatization. The Obesity Management Task Force (OMTF) of EASO contributes in this paper to highlighting the key aspects of these two sides of the coin and suggests some specific actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dror Dicker
- European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), Teddington, United Kingdom,
- Department of Internal Medicine D and Obesity Clinic, Hasharon Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel,
| | - Silvia Bettini
- European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), Teddington, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Nathalie Farpour-Lambert
- European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), Teddington, United Kingdom
- Obesity Prevention and Care Program Contrepoids, Service of Therapeutic Education for Chronic Diseases, Department of Community Health, Primary Care and Emergency, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), Teddington, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, CIBEROBN, Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rachel Golan
- European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), Teddington, United Kingdom
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Scheva, Israel
| | - Gijs Goossens
- European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), Teddington, United Kingdom
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jason Halford
- European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), Teddington, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Grace O'Malley
- European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), Teddington, United Kingdom
- School of Physiotherapy, Division of Population Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dana Mullerova
- European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), Teddington, United Kingdom
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czechia
| | - Ximena Ramos Salas
- European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), Teddington, United Kingdom
| | - Maria N Hassapiou
- Technological and Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, School of Food Technology and Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Jørn Sagen
- European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), Teddington, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Euan Woodward
- European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), Teddington, United Kingdom
| | - Volkan Yumuk
- European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), Teddington, United Kingdom
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Luca Busetto
- European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), Teddington, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Hauner H. The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Challenge for Obesity Research and Management. Obes Facts 2020; 13:453-454. [PMID: 32961534 PMCID: PMC7753016 DOI: 10.1159/000511186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Hauner
- Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany,
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