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Yanai R, Yasunaga G, Tsuji S, Honda T, Iwata A, Miyagawa E, Yoshida K, Kishimoto M, Sakai H, Fujise Y, Asagiri M, Mitamura Y. Dietary intake of whale oil-containing ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids attenuates choroidal neovascularization in mice. FASEB J 2025; 39:e70378. [PMID: 39937567 PMCID: PMC11818653 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202402041r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2024] [Revised: 01/16/2025] [Accepted: 01/28/2025] [Indexed: 02/13/2025]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness in Western and developing countries. Since antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy is available for the regression of choroidal neovascularization (CNV), it does not work for the pathophysiology of AMD so a cure is increasingly demanded. Whale oil promotes various bodily functions, such as anti-inflammatory effects for cardiovascular disease, but its physiological mechanisms are still unclarified. Here, we examined the effects of whale oil on a mouse model of AMD. The area of CNV measured in choroidal flat-mount preparations at 7 days after laser photocoagulation was significantly smaller in mice fed whale oil compared with control mice free of ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs). The plasma concentrations of ω-3 LCPUFAs were higher, whereas those of ω-6 LCPUFAs were lower in mice fed the diet containing whale oil than in those fed the control diet. The concentrations of various inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the retina or choroid at 3 or 7 days after CNV induction differed between the two groups of mice. Furthermore, the concentration of VEGF was decreased in the retina but increased in the choroid at 7 or 3 days after photocoagulation, respectively. Our results thus show that dietary intake of whale oil-containing ω-3 LCPUFAs attenuated CNV in association with changes in inflammatory mediator levels and VEGF expression in the retina and choroid of mice, and it, therefore, warrants further study as a means to protect against AMD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Yanai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Biomedical SciencesTokushima University Graduate SchoolTokushimaJapan
| | | | - Shunya Tsuji
- Department of PharmacologyYamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineUbeYamaguchiJapan
| | - Takeshi Honda
- Department of PharmacologyYamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineUbeYamaguchiJapan
| | - Arihiro Iwata
- Yamaguchi Prefectural Industrial Technology InstituteUbeYamaguchiJapan
| | - Eiji Miyagawa
- Yamaguchi Prefectural Industrial Technology InstituteUbeYamaguchiJapan
| | - Koji Yoshida
- Yoshida General Techno Co., Ltd.ShimonosekiYamaguchiJapan
| | | | | | | | - Masataka Asagiri
- Department of PharmacologyYamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineUbeYamaguchiJapan
| | - Yoshinori Mitamura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Biomedical SciencesTokushima University Graduate SchoolTokushimaJapan
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Han Y, Kim DH, Pack SP. Marine-Derived Bioactive Ingredients in Functional Foods for Aging: Nutritional and Therapeutic Perspectives. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:496. [PMID: 39590776 PMCID: PMC11595256 DOI: 10.3390/md22110496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2024] [Revised: 10/25/2024] [Accepted: 11/01/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is closely linked to various health challenges, including cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, and neurodegenerative conditions. This study emphasizes the critical role of bioactive compounds derived from marine sources, such as antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and polysaccharides, in addressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic disorders closely related to aging. Incorporating these materials into functional foods not only provides essential nutrients but also delivers therapeutic effects, thereby promoting healthy aging and mitigating age-related diseases. The growth of the global anti-aging market, particularly in North America, Europe, and Asia, underscores the significance of this study. This review systematically analyzes the current research, identifying key bioactive compounds, their mechanisms of action, and their potential health benefits, thus highlighting the broad applicability of marine-derived bioactive compounds to enhancing healthy aging and improving the quality of life of aging populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngji Han
- Biological Clock-Based Anti-Aging Convergence RLRC, Korea University, Sejong-ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seung Pil Pack
- Biological Clock-Based Anti-Aging Convergence RLRC, Korea University, Sejong-ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea;
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Jin S, Kang PM. A Systematic Review on Advances in Management of Oxidative Stress-Associated Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:923. [PMID: 39199169 PMCID: PMC11351257 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis, heart failure, and hypertension. This systematic review aims to integrate most relevant studies on oxidative stress management in cardiovascular diseases. We searched relevant literatures in the PubMed database using specific keywords. We put emphasis on those manuscripts that were published more recently and in higher impact journals. We reviewed a total of 200 articles. We examined current oxidative stress managements in cardiovascular diseases, including supplements like resveratrol, vitamins C and E, omega-3 fatty acids, flavonoids, and coenzyme-10, which have shown antioxidative properties and potential cardiovascular benefits. In addition, we reviewed the pharmacological treatments including newly discovered antioxidants and nanoparticles that show potential effects in targeting the specific oxidative stress pathways. Lastly, we examined biomarkers, such as soluble transferrin receptor, transthyretin, and cystatin C in evaluating antioxidant status and identifying cardiovascular risk. By addressing oxidative stress management and mechanisms, this paper emphasizes the importance of maintaining the balance between oxidants and antioxidants in the progression of cardiovascular diseases. This review paper is registered with the International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols (INPLASY), registration # INPLASY202470064.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Jin
- Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, CLS 910, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- School of Pharmacy, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peter M. Kang
- Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, CLS 910, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Chen HC, Tai CJ, Huang JY, Kuo TA, Huang YD, Yen CH, Lee MC. Associations of fish oil with cardiovascular disease events: results from the Taiwan longitudinal study in aging. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1979. [PMID: 39048951 PMCID: PMC11270879 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19512-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of fish oil in preventing cardiovascular events is still debating. Some studies indicate a correlation between the use of fish oil supplements and reduced mortality or decreased incidence of stroke. However, other studies show no significant association between fish oil intake and stroke prevention, indicating an ongoing debate. This study aimed at exploring which subjects may benefit more from fish oil supplementation. METHODS This study utilized the data obtained through face-to-face interview from the Taiwan Longitudinal Study in Aging (TLSA). A total of 3,652 participants were included from the 2003 baseline data, after excluding patients with pre-existing ischemic heart disease or stroke. Participants were divided into two groups based on whether taking fish oil supplement or not. Participants were followed until 2015, estimating and comparing the all-cause mortality and cumulative incidence rate of stroke between both groups. RESULTS The results of the 12-year longitudinal study showed that the cumulative incidence rate of stroke in the fish oil supplementation group was 5.7%, compared to 7.7% in the non-supplemented group (P < 0.05). Additionally, the crude hazard ratio for stroke was significantly lower in the fish oil supplementation group (HR = 0.686;95% CI 0.476-0.987). However, after adjusting potential confounders, the adjusted risk of stroke was lower only for the diabetic patients supplemented with fish oil (aHR = 0.123; 95% CI 0.016-0.930) compared to non-diabetic patients (aHR = 0.917; 95% CI 0.616-1.364). CONCLUSION This study suggests that there is an association between fish oil supplementation and a lower cumulative incidence rate of subsequent stroke among diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Chuan Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jung Tai
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Gangshan Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yang Huang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Ann Kuo
- Department of Medical Sociology and Social Work, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Der Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung, Taiwan
- Min-Hwei Junior College of Health Care Management, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hua Yen
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Chih Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung, Taiwan.
- College of Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.
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Chen G, Qian Z(M, Zhang J, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Vaughn MG, Aaron HE, Wang C, Lip GYH, Lin H. Regular use of fish oil supplements and course of cardiovascular diseases: prospective cohort study. BMJ MEDICINE 2024; 3:e000451. [PMID: 38800667 PMCID: PMC11116879 DOI: 10.1136/bmjmed-2022-000451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Objective To examine the effects of fish oil supplements on the clinical course of cardiovascular disease, from a healthy state to atrial fibrillation, major adverse cardiovascular events, and subsequently death. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting UK Biobank study, 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2010, with follow-up to 31 March 2021 (median follow-up 11.9 years). Participants 415 737 participants, aged 40-69 years, enrolled in the UK Biobank study. Main outcome measures Incident cases of atrial fibrillation, major adverse cardiovascular events, and death, identified by linkage to hospital inpatient records and death registries. Role of fish oil supplements in different progressive stages of cardiovascular diseases, from healthy status (primary stage), to atrial fibrillation (secondary stage), major adverse cardiovascular events (tertiary stage), and death (end stage). Results Among 415 737 participants free of cardiovascular diseases, 18 367 patients with incident atrial fibrillation, 22 636 with major adverse cardiovascular events, and 22 140 deaths during follow-up were identified. Regular use of fish oil supplements had different roles in the transitions from healthy status to atrial fibrillation, to major adverse cardiovascular events, and then to death. For people without cardiovascular disease, hazard ratios were 1.13 (95% confidence interval 1.10 to 1.17) for the transition from healthy status to atrial fibrillation and 1.05 (1.00 to 1.11) from healthy status to stroke. For participants with a diagnosis of a known cardiovascular disease, regular use of fish oil supplements was beneficial for transitions from atrial fibrillation to major adverse cardiovascular events (hazard ratio 0.92, 0.87 to 0.98), atrial fibrillation to myocardial infarction (0.85, 0.76 to 0.96), and heart failure to death (0.91, 0.84 to 0.99). Conclusions Regular use of fish oil supplements might be a risk factor for atrial fibrillation and stroke among the general population but could be beneficial for progression of cardiovascular disease from atrial fibrillation to major adverse cardiovascular events, and from atrial fibrillation to death. Further studies are needed to determine the precise mechanisms for the development and prognosis of cardiovascular disease events with regular use of fish oil supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengmin (Min) Qian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Junguo Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zilong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Michael G Vaughn
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Hannah E Aaron
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Chuangshi Wang
- Medical Research and Biometrics Centre, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Gregory YH Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Hualiang Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Wimalasena ST, Ramírez Silva CI, Gonzalez Casanova I, Rivera JA, Sun YV, Stein AD, Ferranti EP, Alvarez JA, Demmelmair H, Koletzko B, Ramakrishnan U. Maternal and Offspring Fatty Acid Desaturase Variants, Prenatal DHA Supplementation, and Dietary n-6:n-3 Fatty Acid Ratio in Relation to Cardiometabolic Health in Mexican Children. J Nutr 2024; 154:1540-1548. [PMID: 38453026 PMCID: PMC11347803 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes may modify dietary fatty acid requirements and influence cardiometabolic health (CMH). OBJECTIVES We evaluated the role of selected variants in maternal and offspring FADS genes on offspring CMH at the age of 11 y and assessed interactions of genotype with diet quality and prenatal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation. METHODS We used data from offspring (n = 203) born to females who participated in a randomized controlled trial of DHA supplementation (400 mg/d) from midgestation to delivery. We generated a metabolic syndrome (MetS) score from body mass index, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, and fasting glucose and identified 6 distinct haplotypes from 5 offspring FADS SNPs. Dietary n-6 (ω-6):n-3 fatty acid ratios were derived from 24-h recall data (n = 141). We used generalized linear models to test associations of offspring diet and FADS haplotypes with MetS score and interactions of maternal and offspring FADS SNP rs174602 with prenatal treatment group and dietary n-6:n-3 ratio on MetS score. RESULTS Associations between FADS haplotypes and MetS score were null. Offspring SNP rs174602 did not modify the association of prenatal DHA supplementation with MetS score. Among children with TT or TC genotype for SNP rs174602 (n = 88), those in the highest n-6:n-3 ratio tertile (>8.61) had higher MetS score relative to the lowest tertile [<6.67) (Δ= 0.36; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.03, 0.69]. Among children with CC genotype (n = 53), those in the highest n-6:n-3 ratio tertile had a lower MetS score relative to the lowest tertile (Δ= -0.23; 95% CI: -0.61, 0.16). CONCLUSIONS There was evidence of an interaction of offspring FADS SNP rs174602 with current dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid intake, but not with prenatal DHA supplementation, on MetS score. Further studies may help to determine the utility of targeted supplementation strategies and dietary recommendations based on genetic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Tandon Wimalasena
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | | | - Juan A Rivera
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Yan V Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Aryeh D Stein
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Erin P Ferranti
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jessica A Alvarez
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Hans Demmelmair
- LMU - Ludwig Maximilians Universität Munich, Department of Pediatrics, LMU University Hospitals, Munich, Germany
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- LMU - Ludwig Maximilians Universität Munich, Department of Pediatrics, LMU University Hospitals, Munich, Germany
| | - Usha Ramakrishnan
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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Okumura M, Sato T, Takahashi J, Kokubu T, Nakada R, Kitagawa T, Tanabe M, Takatsu H, Onda A, Komatsu T, Sakuta K, Sakai K, Umehara T, Mitsumura H, Iguchi Y. Small ischemic lesions accompanying intracerebral hemorrhage: The underlying influence of old lacunes and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:1157-1165. [PMID: 38331645 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Small ischemic lesions (SILs) accompanying intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) might be induced by small-vessel vulnerability and hypercoagulation. Some polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been associated with hypercoagulation in cardiovascular diseases. Our aim here is to determine how pre-existing small-vessel disease (SVD) and PUFAs may affect SILs. METHODS AND RESULTS We screened consecutive ICH patients (October 2012-December 2021) meeting two inclusion criteria: (1) the patients were hospitalized for acute ICH and were undergoing magnetic resonance imaging and (2) the patients' PUFA measurements were available. After excluding patients with isolated intraventricular hemorrhage, we evaluated whether three SVD markers (white matter hyperintensities, old lacunes, cerebral microbleeds) and PUFAs might be associated with the development of SILs. We selected 319 participants from 377 screened consecutive ICH patients (median age = 64, males = 207 [65 %]). Of the 319 patients, 45 patients (14 %) developed SILs. In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, the factors associated with SILs were old lacunes (OR 3.255, 95 % CI 1.101-9.622, p = 0.033) and DHA/AA ratio (OR 0.180, 95 % CI 0.046-0.704, p = 0.013). Furthermore, in our multivariable analysis using DHA/AA ratio tertiles with and without SILs, we observed a linear trend between SILs and the Higher Tertile of the DHA/AA ratio (DHA/AA ratio Mid-Tertile: OR 1.330, 95%CI 0.557-3.177, p = 0.521, and DHA/AA ratio Lower Tertile: OR 2.632, 95%CI 1.124-6.162, p = 0.026). CONCLUSION The presence of old lacunes and lower DHA/AA ratios might be associated with SILs accompanying ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Okumura
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Sato
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Junichiro Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Kokubu
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoji Nakada
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomichi Kitagawa
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Tanabe
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takatsu
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asako Onda
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teppei Komatsu
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Sakuta
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Sakai
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Umehara
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Mitsumura
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Iguchi
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Tang H, Liu Z, Han G, Geng J, Liu B, Zhang R, Zhang Z. Unexpected omega-3 activities in intracellular lipolysis and macrophage foaming revealed by fluorescence lifetime imaging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321255121. [PMID: 38564632 PMCID: PMC11009650 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321255121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) found primarily in fish oil have been a popular supplement for cardiovascular health because they can substantially reduce circulating triglyceride levels in the bloodstream to prevent atherosclerosis. Beyond this established extracellular activity, here, we report a mode of action of PUFA, regulating intracellular triglyceride metabolism and lipid droplet (LD) dynamics. Real-time imaging of the subtle and highly dynamic changes of intracellular lipid metabolism was enabled by a fluorescence lifetime probe that addressed the limitations of intensity-based fluorescence quantifications. Surprisingly, we found that among omega-3 PUFA, only docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) promoted the lipolysis in LDs and reduced the overall fat content by approximately 50%, and consequently helped suppress macrophage differentiation into foam cells, one of the early steps responsible for atherosclerosis. Eicosapentaenoic acid, another omega-3 FA in fish oil, however, counteracted the beneficial effects of DHA on lipolysis promotion and cell foaming prevention. These in vitro findings warrant future validation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesen Tang
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui230601, China
| | - Zhengjie Liu
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui230601, China
| | - Guangmei Han
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui230601, China
| | - Junlong Geng
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui230601, China
| | - Bianhua Liu
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Academy of Chinese Sciences, Hefei, Anhui230031, China
| | - Ruilong Zhang
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui230601, China
| | - Zhongping Zhang
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui230601, China
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Academy of Chinese Sciences, Hefei, Anhui230031, China
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9
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Song Y, Wang Q, Jia L. Omega-3 fatty acids and their influence on hypertension and coronary atherosclerosis: Insights from a Mendelian randomization approach. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2024; 26:382-390. [PMID: 38450969 PMCID: PMC11007784 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
It has been suggested that Omega-3 fatty acids may improve endothelial thickness and thereby reduce the onset of cardiovascular diseases such as coronary atherosclerosis and hypertension. However, published observational epidemiological studies on the relationship between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and Omega-3 fatty acids remain inconclusive. Here, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomisation analysis using publicly available GWAS pooled statistics to study a GWAS dataset of 16 380 466 SNPs in 23 363 cases and 195 429 controls (also of European ancestry) to determine genetic susceptibility to hypertension. We performed random-effects Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses supplemented by a series of sensitivity assessments to measure the robustness of the findings and to detect any violations of the MR assumptions. During the course of the study, we used IVW, MR-Egger, and weighted median regression to infer that Omega-3 intake has a potentially adverse effect against atherosclerosis, although the trend was not significant (OR = 1.1198; 95%; CI: 0.9641-1.3006, p = .130). Meanwhile, our analyses showed a statistically significant negative association between Omega-3 fatty acid levels and risk of hypertension (OR = 0.9006; 95% CI: 0.8179-0.9917, p = .033). In addition, we explored the causal relationship between atherosclerosis and hypertension and found a significant correlation (OR = 1.3036; 95% CI: 1.0672-1.5923, p = .009). In conclusion, our extensive data investigated by MR suggest that elevated levels of Omega-3 fatty acids may be associated with an decreased risk of hypertension. Although there is no direct link between hypertension and atherosclerosis, the possibility of a subtle association cannot be categorically excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Song
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineLiaoning University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Qun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera‐State Theory and ApplicationsMinistry of Education of ChinaLiaoning University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Lianqun Jia
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera‐State Theory and ApplicationsMinistry of Education of ChinaLiaoning University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShenyangLiaoningChina
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10
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Arabi SM, Bahari H, Chambari M, Bahrami LS, Mohaildeen Gubari MI, Watts GF, Sahebkar A. Omega-3 fatty acids and endothelial function: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14109. [PMID: 37859571 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) supplementation has been reported to have an impact on flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), a conventionally used clinical technique for estimating endothelial dysfunction. However, its proven effects on endothelial function are unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the effects of n-3 PUFAs supplementation on FMD of the brachial artery. METHOD This study was performed following the PRISMA guidelines. To identify eligible RCTs, a systematic search was completed in PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Web of Science using relevant keywords. A fixed- or random-effects model was utilized to estimate the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). RESULTS Thirty-two studies (with 35 arms) were included in this meta-analysis, involving 2385 subjects with intervention duration ranging from 4 to 48 weeks. The pooled meta-analysis demonstrated a significant effect of omega-3 on FMD (WMD = 0.8%, 95% CI = 0.3-1.3, p = .001) and heterogeneity was significant (I2 = 82.5%, p < .001). CONCLUSION We found that n-3 PUFA supplementation improves endothelial function as estimated by flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Mostafa Arabi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Hossein Bahari
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahla Chambari
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Leila Sadat Bahrami
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Gerald F Watts
- Cardiometabolic Service, Departments of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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11
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Ricci H, Gaeta M, Franchi C, Poli A, Battino M, Dolci A, Schmid D, Ricci C. Fish Intake in Relation to Fatal and Non-Fatal Cardiovascular Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies. Nutrients 2023; 15:4539. [PMID: 37960192 PMCID: PMC10647504 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that eating fish significantly reduces cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality. However, more focused meta-analyses based on the most recent results from prospective cohort studies are needed. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to update the association between fish intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk using recent prospective studies. A systematic review and meta-analysis following the PRISMA guideline was conducted based on a random effects synthesis of multivariable-adjusted relative risks (RRs) of high vs. low categories of fish intake in relation to CVD incidence and mortality. Non-linear meta-regression was applied to investigate the shape of the association between fish intake and CVD risk. Sensitivity analysis and stratifications by type of CVD outcome, type of fish intake and type of cooking were performed. Based on 18 papers reporting 17 independent estimates of CVD risk (1,442,407 participants and 78,805 fatal and non-fatal CVD events), high vs. low intake of fish corresponded to about 8% reduced CVD risk (RR = 0.93 [0.88-0.98]). According to a non-linear dose-response meta-regression, 50 g of fish intake per day corresponded to a statistically significant 9% reduced fatal and non-fatal CVD risk (RR = 0.92 [0.90-0.95]). Similarly, fish intake in the range of a weekly intake of two to three portions of fish with a size of 150 g resulted in 8% fatal and non-fatal CVD risk reduction (RR = 0.93 [0.91-0.96]). The recommended two portions of fish a week reduces the risk of CVD outcomes by approximately 10%. A full portion of fish a day reduces CVD risk by up to 30%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Ricci
- Africa Unit for Transdisciplinary Health Research (AUTHeR), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
| | - Maddalena Gaeta
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Carlotta Franchi
- Laboratory of Pharmacoepidemiology and Human Nutrition, Department of Health Policy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy;
- Italian Institute for Planetary Health (IIPH), 20124 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Poli
- Nutrition Foundation of Italy (NFI), 20124 Milan, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Alberto Dolci
- Sustainable Development Department, Bolton Food SpA, 20124 Milan, Italy;
| | - Daniela Schmid
- Division for Quantitative Methods in Public Health and Health Services Research, Private University of Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, 6060 Hall, Austria;
| | - Cristian Ricci
- Africa Unit for Transdisciplinary Health Research (AUTHeR), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
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12
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Lee YS, Park JW, Joo M, Moon S, Kim K, Kim MG. Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Flow-mediated Dilatation and Carotid Intima Media Thickness: A Meta-analysis. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2023; 25:629-641. [PMID: 37552456 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-023-01137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To investigate the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and explore the factors influencing these effects. RECENT FINDINGS FMD was significantly higher in the omega-3 fatty acid group compared to the control group (mean difference = 0.90%; p = 0.0003). In particular, the subgroup with CHD (both EPA + DHA < 1 g/day and ≥ 1 g/day) and the subgroup without CHD but with CHD risk factors (only EPA + DHA ≥ 1 g/day) showed significantly increased FMD after supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids. CIMT was not significantly different between the omega-3 fatty acid and control groups (standardized mean difference = -0.08; p = 0.26). Subgroup analysis of CHD patients was not conducted because of the limited number of studies. Intake of omega-3 fatty acids improved FMD in patients with CHD and patients with risk factors for CHD. Further research is needed on the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on CIMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Seo Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Park
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjin Joo
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungim Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myeong Gyu Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Zhuang P, Liu X, Li Y, Wu Y, Li H, Wan X, Zhang L, Xu C, Jiao J, Zhang Y. Circulating fatty acids, genetic risk, and incident coronary artery disease: A prospective, longitudinal cohort study. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf9037. [PMID: 37738352 PMCID: PMC10881029 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf9037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The role of fatty acids (FAs) in primary prevention of coronary artery disease (CAD) is highly debated, and the modification effect by genetic risk profiles remains unclear. Here, we report the prospective associations of circulating FAs and genetic predisposition with CAD development in 101,367 U.K. Biobank participants. A total of 3719 CAD cases occurred during a mean follow-up of 11.5 years. Plasma monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) were positively associated with risk of CAD, whereas the risk was significantly lower with higher n-3 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) and more reductions in risk were detected among TT carriers of rs174547. Furthermore, increased plasma saturated FAs (SFAs) and linoleic acid were related to a significant increase in CAD risk among participants with high genetic risk (genetic risk score > 90%). These findings suggest that individuals with high genetic risk need to reduce plasma SFAs levels for CAD prevention. Supplementation of n-3 PUFAs for CAD prevention may consider individuals' genetic makeup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhuang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuqi Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haoyu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuzhi Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lange Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chengfu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Jiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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14
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Huang S, Taylor CG, Zahradka P. Growth State-Dependent Activation of eNOS in Response to DHA: Involvement of p38 MAPK. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098346. [PMID: 37176054 PMCID: PMC10179717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Our laboratory previously reported that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) differentially activates p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in growing and quiescent human endothelial cells, which represent the dysfunctional and healthy states in vivo, respectively. Since endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity differs between healthy and dysfunctional endothelial cells, and p38 MAPK reportedly regulates both the activity and expression of eNOS, we hypothesized that the beneficial actions of DHA on endothelial cells are due to eNOS activation by p38 MAPK. The contribution of mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase (MSK), a p38 MAPK substrate, was also investigated. Growing and quiescent EA.hy926 cells, prepared on Matrigel®-coated plates, were incubated with inhibitors of p38MAPK or MSK before adding DHA. eNOS phosphorylation and levels were quantified by Western blotting. Treatment with 20 µM DHA activated eNOS in both growth states whereas 125 µM DHA suppressed eNOS activation in growing cells. Quiescent cells had higher basal levels of eNOS than growing cells, while 125 µM DHA decreased eNOS levels in both growth states. p38 MAPK inhibition enhanced eNOS activation in quiescent cells but suppressed it in growing cells. Interestingly, 125 µM DHA counteracted these effects of p38 MAPK inhibition in both growth states. MSK was required for eNOS activation in both growth states, but it only mediated eNOS activation by DHA in quiescent cells. MSK thus affects eNOS via a pathway independent of p38MAPK. Quiescent cells were also more resistant to the apoptosis-inducing effect of 125 µM DHA compared to growing cells. The growth state-dependent regulation of p38MAPK and eNOS by DHA provides novel insight into the molecular mechanisms by which DHA influences endothelial cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Huang
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Carla G Taylor
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada
| | - Peter Zahradka
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada
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15
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Akram W, Rihan M, Ahmed S, Arora S, Ahmad S, Vashishth R. Marine-Derived Compounds Applied in Cardiovascular Diseases: Submerged Medicinal Industry. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21030193. [PMID: 36976242 PMCID: PMC10052127 DOI: 10.3390/md21030193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are among the most impactful illnesses globally. Currently, the available therapeutic option has several side effects, including hypotension, bradycardia, arrhythmia, and alteration in different ion concentrations. Recently, bioactive compounds from natural sources, including plants, microorganisms, and marine creatures, have gained a lot of interest. Marine sources serve as reservoirs for new bioactive metabolites with various pharmacological activities. The marine-derived compound such as omega-3 acid ethyl esters, xyloketal B, asperlin, and saringosterol showed promising results in several CVDs. The present review focuses on marine-derived compounds' cardioprotective potential for hypertension, ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, and atherosclerosis. In addition to therapeutic alternatives, the current use of marine-derived components, the future trajectory, and restrictions are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasim Akram
- Department of Pharmacology, SPER, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohd Rihan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Mohali 160062, India
| | - Sakeel Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Mohali 160062, India
| | - Swamita Arora
- Department of Pharmacology, R. V. Northland Institute of Pharmacy, Dadri 203207, India
| | - Sameer Ahmad
- Department of Food Technology Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Rahul Vashishth
- School of BioSciences and Technology-Food Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
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16
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Fish intake and risk of cardiovascular events: an analysis of the VITAL cohort. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023; 77:400-404. [PMID: 36482183 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01244-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary habits with fish consumption have been associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease, based on heterogenous observational studies. Current recommendations suggest eating at least 1-2 fish servings per week for CV prevention. METHODS We conducted a retrospective evaluation of a cohort study that enrolled a large primary prevention population to determine the potential benefit of fish intake ≥1.5 serving per week, through a multivariate Cox regression model. The outcomes of interest included all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, MACE (composite endpoint of myocardial infarction, stroke, and death from cardiovascular causes), expanded MACE (MACE plus coronary revascularization), total myocardial infarction (MI), total coronary heart disease (CHD) and total stoke. The estimates were reported using hazard ratio (HR) with 99% confidence intervals (99% CI). RESULTS A total of 25,435 patients were evaluated (11,921 individuals ≥1.5 fish servings/week; 13,514 < 1.5 fish servings per week). Intake ≥1.5 servings/week was not independently associated with CV outcomes reduction, such as CV mortality, MI risk MACE, expanded MACE outcomes, CHD or stroke (HR 0.78, 99% CI 0.57-1.07). CONCLUSION Fish intake ≥1.5 servings/week was not associated with CV outcomes improvement in this analysis, but potential benefit cannot be ruled out.
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17
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Fu Z, Liu Q, Liang J, Weng Z, Li W, Xu J, Zhang X, Xu C, Gu A. Association between NMR metabolomic signatures of healthy lifestyle and incident coronary artery disease. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2023; 30:243-253. [PMID: 36317303 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwac252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To identify metabolites associated with a healthy lifestyle and explore the possible mechanisms of lifestyle in coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS AND RESULTS The nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics platform was applied to perform metabolomic profiling of baseline plasma samples from a randomly selected subset of 121 733 UK Biobank participants. Cox proportional hazards models with covariate adjustments were used to investigate the associations between validated lifestyle-associated metabolites and incident CAD and to estimate the accuracy of the inclusion of metabolites to predict CAD compared with traditional prediction models. The discriminatory ability of each model was evaluated using Harrell's C statistic, integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and continuous net reclassification improvement (NRI) indexes. During a median of 8.6 years of follow-up, 5513 incident CAD cases were documented. Among the 111 lifestyle-associated metabolites, 65 were significantly associated with incident CAD after multivariate adjustment (Bonferroni P < 3.11 × 10-04). The addition of these metabolites to classic risk prediction models [Framingham Risk Score (FRS) using lipids; FRS using body mass index] improved CAD prediction accuracy as assessed by the C statistic (increasing to 0.739 [95% CI, 0.731-0.747] and 0.752 [95% CI, 0.746-0.758]), respectively; continuous NRI (0.274 [0.227-0.325] and 0.266 [0.223-0.317]) and IDI (0.003 [0.002-0.004] and 0.003 [0.002-0.004]). CONCLUSION Healthy lifestyle-associated metabolites are associated with the incidence of CAD and may help improve the prediction of CAD risk. The use of metabolite information combined with the FRS model warrants further investigation before clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuqiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jingjia Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhenkun Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Wenxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
- Department of Maternal, Child, and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Aihua Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing 210009, China
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18
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Djuricic I, Calder PC. Pros and Cons of Long-Chain Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Cardiovascular Health. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 63:383-406. [PMID: 36662586 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-051921-090208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are found in seafood, supplements, and concentrated pharmaceutical preparations. Prospective cohort studies demonstrate an association between higher intakes of EPA+DHA or higher levels of EPA and DHA in the body and lower risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), especially coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction, and of cardiovascular mortality in the general population. The cardioprotective effect of EPA and DHA is due to the beneficial modulation of a number of risk factors for CVD. Some large trials support the use of EPA+DHA (or EPA alone) in high-risk patients, although the evidence is inconsistent. This review presents key studies of EPA and DHA in the primary and secondary prevention of CVD, briefly describes potential mechanisms of action, and discusses recently published RCTs and meta-analyses. Potential adverse aspects of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in relation to CVD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Djuricic
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom;
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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19
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Garg PK, Guan W, Nomura S, Weir NL, Karger AB, Duprez D, Tsai MY. Associations of plasma omega-3 and omega-6 pufa levels with arterial elasticity: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:1770-1775. [PMID: 35680969 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01172-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Literature examining the relationship of circulating omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids [n-3(ω-3) and n-6 (ω-6) PUFAs] and arterial elasticity in large cohort-based populations are lacking. We investigated the association of circulating ω-3and ω-6 PUFAs with large artery elasticity (LAE) and small artery elasticity (SAE) in participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). METHODS A total of 6124 participants (mean age 61.9; 52% female; 38% White, 27% Black, 22% Hispanic, and 13% Chinese-American) with plasma phospholipid PUFAs and arterial elasticity measured at baseline were included. LAE and SAE were derived from pulse contour analysis of the radial artery in all subjects in a supine position using tonometry. Linear regression models were used to determine associations for levels of (1) each circulating fatty acid, (2) total ω-3PUFAs, and (3) total ω-6 PUFAs with log-transformed LAE and SAE. RESULTS Each standard deviation (SD) increment in circulating levels of total ω-3 PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid were associated with a 0.017 ml/mmHg, 0.017 ml/mmHg, and 0.015 ml/mmHg higher LAE respectively (p values all <0.01). No significant trends were observed for ω-3 PUFAs levels with SAE.22 Similarly, no significant trends were observed for ω-6 PUFA levels with either LAE or SAE. CONCLUSIONS In a multi-ethnic cohort of individuals free of baseline cardiovascular disease, higher plasma levels of total and individual ω-3 PUFAs were associated with an increased LAE. Further understanding into differential associations of ω-6 PUFAs with LAE and SAE is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen K Garg
- Division of Cardiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Weihua Guan
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sarah Nomura
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Natalie L Weir
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Amy B Karger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Daniel Duprez
- Division of Cardiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael Y Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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20
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Long Chain N3-PUFA Decreases ACE2 Protein Levels and Prevents SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213825. [PMID: 36430303 PMCID: PMC9695276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a target of interest for both COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease management. Even though lower ACE2 levels may be beneficial in SARS-CoV-2 infectivity, maintaining the ACE1/ACE2 balance is also crucial for cardiovascular health. So far, reports describing conditions capable of altering ACE2 protein levels, especially via dietary components, are limited. In this study, the effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-PUFA) on the protein levels of ACE1 and ACE2 in rodent tissues, human endothelial and kidney cell lines, and human plasma were examined. The ability of n3-PUFA to affect the entry of the SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus into cells was also tested. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and in some cases eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), but not α-linoleic acid (ALA), reduced both ACE1 and ACE2 (non-glycosylated p100 and glycosylated p130 forms) in the heart, aorta, and kidneys of obese rats, as well as in human EA.hy926 endothelial and HEK293 kidney cells. Dietary supplementation with either DHA or ALA had no effect on plasma soluble ACE2 levels in humans. However, treatment of HEK293 cells with 80 and 125 µM DHA for 16 h inhibited the entry of the SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus. These results strongly suggest that DHA treatment may reduce the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to infect cells via a mechanism involving a decrease in the absolute level of ACE2 protein as well as its glycosylation. Our findings warrant further evaluation of long-chain n3-PUFA supplements as a novel option for restricting SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in the general population.
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21
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Khorshidi M, Sayyari A, Aryaeian N, Olang B, Alaei M, Khalili M, Hosseini A, Salehi M. Effects of omega-3 supplementation on endothelial function, vascular structure, and metabolic parameters in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: A randomized clinical trial. Front Nutr 2022; 9:962773. [PMID: 35938123 PMCID: PMC9355374 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.962773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular dysfunction is a major complication of diabetes mellitus that leads to cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed to examine the effects of omega-3 consumption on endothelial function, vascular structure, and metabolic parameters in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 51 adolescents (10–18 years) with T1DM completed the study. Patients received 600 mg/day [containing 180 mg eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 120 mg docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] of omega-3 or placebo for 12 weeks. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD), carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, fasting blood sugar (FBS), hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), serum insulin (SI), urine albumin-creatinine ratio (uACR), blood pressure, and anthropometric indices were assessed at the baseline and after the intervention. Results Following supplementation, omega-3 significantly increased FMD (3.1 ± 4.2 vs. −0.6 ± 4%, p = 0.006) and decreased TG (−7.4 ± 10.7 vs. −0.1 ± 13.1 mg/dl, p = 0.022) in comparison with the placebo group. However, no significant difference was observed regarding CIMT (-0.005 ± 0.036 vs. 0.003 ± 0.021 mm, p = 0.33). Although hs-CRP was significantly decreased within the omega-3 group (p = 0.031); however, no significant change was observed compared to placebo group (p = 0.221). Omega-3 supplementation had no significant effect on other variables. Conclusion Given the elevation in FMD and reduction in TG, omega-3 supplementation can improve vascular function and may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in adolescents with T1DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Khorshidi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Sayyari
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naheed Aryaeian
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Naheed Aryaeian
| | - Beheshteh Olang
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Children Emergency Department Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohammadreza Alaei
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Khalili
- Department of Radiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Hosseini
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Salehi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Kugo H, Enomoto H, Yanagimoto K, Tanaka H, Moriyama T, Zaima N. Eicosapentaenoic acid is associated with the attenuation of dysfunctions of mesenchymal stem cells in the abdominal aortic aneurysm wall. Food Funct 2022; 13:7540-7547. [PMID: 35766346 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01102f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a vascular disease characterized by progressive dilation of the aorta which is reportedly associated with inflammation. Previous studies suggested that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has suppressive effects on AAA development via anti-inflammatory activities. However, relationships between the anti-inflammatory effects and the cells in the AAA wall are poorly understood. In this study, we visualized the distribution of EPA-containing phosphatidylcholine (EPA-PC) in the AAA wall. EPA-PC was not ubiquitously distributed in both animal (hypoperfusion-induced AAA model) and human AAA walls, suggesting the preferential incorporation of EPA into certain cells. In the EPA-PC-high region of both animal and human AAAs, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) marker positive areas were significantly higher than those in the EPA-PC-low region. Matrix metalloproteinase-positive MSCs were significantly lower in the AAA wall of the animal model which was administered EPA-rich fish oil. These data suggest that EPA is associated with the attenuation of MSC dysfunctions, which result in the suppression of AAA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirona Kugo
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Kindai University, 204-3327 Nakamachi, Nara City, Nara 631-8505, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Enomoto
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya 320-8551, Japan.,Division of Integrated Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya 320-8551, Japan.,Advanced Instrumental Analysis Center, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya 320-8551, Japan
| | | | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Department of Medical Physiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Moriyama
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Kindai University, 204-3327 Nakamachi, Nara City, Nara 631-8505, Japan. .,Agricultural Technology and Innovation Research Institute, Kindai University, 204-3327 Nakamachi, Nara City, Nara, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Zaima
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Kindai University, 204-3327 Nakamachi, Nara City, Nara 631-8505, Japan. .,Agricultural Technology and Innovation Research Institute, Kindai University, 204-3327 Nakamachi, Nara City, Nara, Japan
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23
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Alvarez Campano CG, Macleod MJ, Aucott L, Thies F. Marine-derived n-3 fatty acids therapy for stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022; 6:CD012815. [PMID: 35766825 PMCID: PMC9241930 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012815.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, with stroke burden increasing, there is a need to explore therapeutic options that ameliorate the acute insult. There is substantial evidence of a neuroprotective effect of marine-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in animal models of stroke, leading to a better functional outcome. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of administration of marine-derived n-3 PUFAs on functional outcomes and dependence in people with stroke. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Stroke Trials Register (last searched 31 May 2021), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2021, Issue 5), MEDLINE Ovid (from 1948 to 31 May 2021), Embase Ovid (from 1980 to 31 May 2021), CINAHL EBSCO (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature; from 1982 to 31 May 2021), Science Citation Index Expanded ‒ Web of Science (SCI-EXPANDED), Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Science - Web of Science (CPCI-S), and BIOSIS Citation Index. We also searched ongoing trial registers, reference lists, relevant systematic reviews, and used the Science Citation Index Reference Search. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing marine-derived n-3 PUFAs to placebo or open control (no placebo) in people with a history of stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA), or both. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS At least two review authors independently selected trials for inclusion, extracted data, assessed risk of bias, and used the GRADE approach to assess the certainty of the body of evidence. We contacted study authors for clarification and additional information on stroke/TIA participants. We conducted random-effects meta-analysis or narrative synthesis, as appropriate. The primary outcome was efficacy (functional outcome) assessed using a validated scale, for example, the Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE) dichotomised into poor or good clinical outcome, the Barthel Index (higher score is better; scale from 0 to 100), or the Rivermead Mobility Index (higher score is better; scale from 0 to 15). Our secondary outcomes were vascular-related death, recurrent events, incidence of other type of stroke, adverse events, quality of life, and mood. MAIN RESULTS We included 30 RCTs; nine of them provided outcome data (3339 participants). Only one study included participants in the acute phase of stroke (haemorrhagic). Doses of marine-derived n-3 PUFAs ranged from 400 mg/day to 3300 mg/day. Risk of bias was generally low or unclear in most trials, with a higher risk of bias in smaller studies. We assessed results separately for short (up to three months) and longer (more than three months) follow-up studies. Short follow-up (up to three months) Functional outcome was reported in only one pilot study as poor clinical outcome assessed with the GOSE (risk ratio (RR) 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.36 to 1.68, P = 0.52; 40 participants; very low-certainty evidence). Mood (assessed with the GHQ-30, lower score better) was reported by only one study and favoured control (mean difference (MD) 1.41, 95% CI 0.07 to 2.75, P = 0.04; 102 participants; low-certainty evidence). We found no evidence of an effect of the intervention for the remainder of the secondary outcomes: vascular-related death (two studies, not pooled due to differences in population, RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.01 to 8.00, P = 0.50, and RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.01 to 7.72, P = 0.49; 142 participants; low-certainty evidence); recurrent events (RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.02 to 8.84, P = 0.57; 18 participants; very low-certainty evidence); incidence of other type of stroke (two studies, not pooled due to different type of index stroke, RR 6.11, 95% CI 0.33 to 111.71, P = 0.22, and RR 0.63, 95% CI 0.25 to 1.58, P = 0.32; 58 participants; very low-certainty evidence); and quality of life (physical component, MD -2.31, 95% CI -4.81 to 0.19, P = 0.07, and mental component, MD -2.16, 95% CI -5.91 to 1.59, P = 0.26; 1 study; 102 participants; low-certainty evidence). Adverse events were reported by two studies (57 participants; very low-certainty evidence), one trial reporting extracranial haemorrhage (RR 0.25, 95% CI 0.04 to 1.73, P = 0.16) and the other one reporting bleeding complications (RR 0.32, 95% CI 0.01 to 7.35, P = 0.47). Longer follow-up (more than three months) One small trial assessed functional outcome with both the Barthel Index for activities of daily living (MD 7.09, 95% CI -5.16 to 19.34, P = 0.26), and the Rivermead Mobility Index for mobility (MD 1.30, 95% CI -1.31 to 3.91, P = 0.33) (52 participants; very low-certainty evidence). We carried out meta-analysis for vascular-related death (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.35, P = 0.86; 5 studies; 2237 participants; low-certainty evidence) and fatal recurrent events (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.31 to 1.55, P = 0.37; 3 studies; 1819 participants; low-certainty evidence). We found no evidence of an effect of the intervention for mood (MD 1.00, 95% CI -2.07 to 4.07, P = 0.61; 1 study; 14 participants; low-certainty evidence). Incidence of other type of stroke and quality of life were not reported. Adverse events (all combined) were reported by only one study (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.56 to 1.58, P = 0.82; 1455 participants; low-certainty evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We are very uncertain of the effect of marine-derived n-3 PUFAs therapy on functional outcomes and dependence after stroke as there is insufficient high-certainty evidence. More well-designed RCTs are needed, specifically in acute stroke, to determine the efficacy and safety of the intervention. Studies assessing functional outcome might consider starting the intervention as early as possible after the event, as well as using standardised, clinically relevant measures for functional outcomes, such as the modified Rankin Scale. Optimal doses remain to be determined; delivery forms (type of lipid carriers) and mode of administration (ingestion or injection) also need further consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lorna Aucott
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Frank Thies
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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24
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Jiang Y, Tang X, Wang Y, Chen W, Xue Y, Cao H, Zhang B, Pan J, Zhou Q, Wang D, Fan F. Serum Oxylipin Profiles Identify Potential Biomarkers in Patients with Acute Aortic Dissection. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12070587. [PMID: 35888709 PMCID: PMC9324768 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12070587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic dissection (AD) is a life-threatening cardiovascular disease with a dismal prognosis. Inflammation plays an important role in AD. Oxylipins are bioactive lipids involved in the modulation of inflammation and may be involved in the pathogenesis and progression of AD. This study aims to identify possible metabolites related to AD. A total of 10 type A Aortic dissection (TAAD) patients, 10 type B Aortic dissection (TBAD) patients and 10 healthy controls were included in this study. Over 100 oxylipin species were identified and quantified by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Our investigation demonstrated substantial alterations in 91 oxylipins between AD and healthy individuals. Patients with TAAD had 89 entries accessible compared to healthy controls. According to orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), fitness (R2X = 0.362 and R2Y = 0.807, p = 0.03) and predictability (Q2 = 0.517, p = 0.005) are the validation parameters between the two groups. Using multivariate logistic regression, 13-HOTrE and 16(17)-EpDPE were the risk factors in the aortic patients group compared to healthy people (OR = 2.467, 95%CI:1.256–7.245, p = 0.035; OR = 0.015, 95%CI:0.0002–0.3240, p = 0.016, respectively). In KEGG enrichment of differential metabolites, the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway has the most metabolites involved. We established a diagnostic model in distinguishing between AD and healthy people. The AUC was 0.905. Oxylipins were significantly altered in AD patients, suggesting oxylipin profile is expected to exploit a novel, non-invasive, objective diagnosis for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Vascular Disease, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xinlong Tang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Vascular Disease, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Vascular Disease, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Vascular Disease, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yunxing Xue
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Vascular Disease, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Hailong Cao
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Vascular Disease, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Bomin Zhang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Vascular Disease, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jun Pan
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Vascular Disease, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Vascular Disease, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Dongjin Wang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Vascular Disease, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Correspondence: (D.W.); (F.F.)
| | - Fudong Fan
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Vascular Disease, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Correspondence: (D.W.); (F.F.)
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25
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Frampton DJA, Choudhury K, Nikesjö J, Delemotte L, Liin SI. Subtype-specific responses of hKv7.4 and hKv7.5 channels to polyunsaturated fatty acids reveal an unconventional modulatory site and mechanism. eLife 2022; 11:77672. [PMID: 35642964 PMCID: PMC9159753 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The KV7.4 and KV7.5 subtypes of voltage-gated potassium channels play a role in important physiological processes such as sound amplification in the cochlea and adjusting vascular smooth muscle tone. Therefore, the mechanisms that regulate KV7.4 and KV7.5 channel function are of interest. Here, we study the effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on human KV7.4 and KV7.5 channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes. We report that PUFAs facilitate activation of hKV7.5 by shifting the V50 of the conductance versus voltage (G(V)) curve toward more negative voltages. This response depends on the head group charge, as an uncharged PUFA analogue has no effect and a positively charged PUFA analogue induces positive V50 shifts. In contrast, PUFAs inhibit activation of hKV7.4 by shifting V50 toward more positive voltages. No effect on V50 of hKV7.4 is observed by an uncharged or a positively charged PUFA analogue. Thus, the hKV7.5 channel's response to PUFAs is analogous to the one previously observed in hKV7.1-7.3 channels, whereas the hKV7.4 channel response is opposite, revealing subtype-specific responses to PUFAs. We identify a unique inner PUFA interaction site in the voltage-sensing domain of hKV7.4 underlying the PUFA response, revealing an unconventional mechanism of modulation of hKV7.4 by PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damon J A Frampton
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Koushik Choudhury
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Johan Nikesjö
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lucie Delemotte
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Sara I Liin
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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26
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GİRGİN E, ÖNGÜN YILMAZ H. Association between Omega-6 and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Intake and <i>IL-6</i> G(-174)C Polymorphism with Hs-CRP Level in Healthy Subjects. BEZMIALEM SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.14235/bas.galenos.2020.4733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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27
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Chi DH, Kahyo T, Islam A, Hasan MM, Waliullah ASM, Mamun MA, Nakajima M, Ikoma T, Akita K, Maekawa Y, Sato T, Setou M. NAD + Levels Are Augmented in Aortic Tissue of ApoE -/- Mice by Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:395-406. [PMID: 35139656 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.317166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintaining bioenergetic homeostasis provides a means to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events during chronological aging. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) acts as a signaling molecule, and its levels were used to govern several biological pathways, for example, promoting angiogenesis by SIRT1 (sirtuin 1)-mediated inhibition of Notch signaling to rejuvenate capillary density of old-aged mice. NAD+ modulation shows promise in the vascular remodeling of endothelial cells. However, NAD+ distribution in atherosclerotic regions remains uncharacterized. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids consumption, such as docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, might increase the abundance of cofactors in blood vessels due to omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids metabolism. METHODS Apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice were fed a Western diet, and the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids-treated groups were supplemented with docosahexaenoic acid (1%, w/w) or eicosapentaenoic acid (1%, w/w) for 3 weeks. Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging was exploited to detect exogenous and endogenous NAD+ imaging. RESULTS NAD+, NADH, NADP+, NADPH, FAD+, FADH, and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide of the aortic arches were detected higher in the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids-treated mice than the nontreated control. Comparing the distribution in the outer and inner layers of the arterial walls, only NADPH was detected slightly higher in the outer part in eicosapentaenoic acid-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS Supplementation of adding docosahexaenoic acid or eicosapentaenoic acid to the Western diet led to a higher NAD+, FAD+, and their metabolites in the aortic arch. Considering the pleiotropic roles of NAD+ in biology, this result serves as a beneficial therapeutic strategy in the animal model counter to pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Huu Chi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy (D.H.C., T.K., A.I., M.M.H., A.S.M.W., M.A.M., M.N., T.S., M.S.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kahyo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy (D.H.C., T.K., A.I., M.M.H., A.S.M.W., M.A.M., M.N., T.S., M.S.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan.,International Mass Imaging Center (T.K., M.N., T.S., M.S.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ariful Islam
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy (D.H.C., T.K., A.I., M.M.H., A.S.M.W., M.A.M., M.N., T.S., M.S.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Md Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy (D.H.C., T.K., A.I., M.M.H., A.S.M.W., M.A.M., M.N., T.S., M.S.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - A S M Waliullah
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy (D.H.C., T.K., A.I., M.M.H., A.S.M.W., M.A.M., M.N., T.S., M.S.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Md Al Mamun
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy (D.H.C., T.K., A.I., M.M.H., A.S.M.W., M.A.M., M.N., T.S., M.S.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Madoka Nakajima
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy (D.H.C., T.K., A.I., M.M.H., A.S.M.W., M.A.M., M.N., T.S., M.S.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan.,International Mass Imaging Center (T.K., M.N., T.S., M.S.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takenori Ikoma
- Department of Internal Medicine (T.I., K.A., Y.M.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Keitaro Akita
- Department of Internal Medicine (T.I., K.A., Y.M.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Maekawa
- Department of Internal Medicine (T.I., K.A., Y.M.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomohito Sato
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy (D.H.C., T.K., A.I., M.M.H., A.S.M.W., M.A.M., M.N., T.S., M.S.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan.,International Mass Imaging Center (T.K., M.N., T.S., M.S.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Setou
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy (D.H.C., T.K., A.I., M.M.H., A.S.M.W., M.A.M., M.N., T.S., M.S.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan.,International Mass Imaging Center (T.K., M.N., T.S., M.S.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Systems Molecular Anatomy, Institute for Medical Photonics Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education and Research Center (M.S.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
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Llorach-Pares L, Nonell-Canals A, Avila C, Sanchez-Martinez M. Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD) to De-Orphanize Marine Molecules: Finding Potential Therapeutic Agents for Neurodegenerative and Cardiovascular Diseases. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:53. [PMID: 35049908 PMCID: PMC8781171 DOI: 10.3390/md20010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Computer-aided drug design (CADD) techniques allow the identification of compounds capable of modulating protein functions in pathogenesis-related pathways, which is a promising line on drug discovery. Marine natural products (MNPs) are considered a rich source of bioactive compounds, as the oceans are home to much of the planet's biodiversity. Biodiversity is directly related to chemodiversity, which can inspire new drug discoveries. Therefore, natural products (NPs) in general, and MNPs in particular, have been used for decades as a source of inspiration for the design of new drugs. However, NPs present both opportunities and challenges. These difficulties can be technical, such as the need to dive or trawl to collect the organisms possessing the compounds, or biological, due to their particular marine habitats and the fact that they can be uncultivable in the laboratory. For all these difficulties, the contributions of CADD can play a very relevant role in simplifying their study, since, for example, no biological sample is needed to carry out an in-silico analysis. Therefore, the amount of natural product that needs to be used in the entire preclinical and clinical study is significantly reduced. Here, we exemplify how this combination between CADD and MNPs can help unlock their therapeutic potential. In this study, using a set of marine invertebrate molecules, we elucidate their possible molecular targets and associated therapeutic potential, establishing a pipeline that can be replicated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Llorach-Pares
- Mind the Byte S.L., 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; (L.L.-P.); (A.N.-C.)
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;
| | | | - Conxita Avila
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;
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Mussel Shells, a Valuable Calcium Resource for the Pharmaceutical Industry. Mar Drugs 2021; 20:md20010025. [PMID: 35049880 PMCID: PMC8779107 DOI: 10.3390/md20010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The mussel (Mytilus edulis, Mytilus galloprovincialis) is the most widespread lamellibranch mollusk, being fished on all coasts of the European seas. Mussels are also widely grown in Japan, China, and Spain, especially for food purposes. This paper shows an original technique for mussel shell processing for preparation of calcium salts, such as calcium levulinate. This process involves synthesis of calcium levulinate by treatment of Mytilus galloprovincialis shells with levulinic acid. The advantage of mussel shell utilization results in more straightforward qualitative composition. Thus, the weight of the mineral component lies with calcium carbonate, which can be used for extraction of pharmaceutical preparations. (2) Methods: Shell powder was first deproteinized by calcination, then the mineral part was treated with levulinic acid. The problem of shells generally resulting from the industrialization of marine molluscs creates enough shortcomings, if one only mentions storage and handling. One of the solutions proposed by us is the capitalization of calcium from shells in the pharmaceutical industry. (3) Results: The toxicity of calcium levulinate synthesized from the mussel shells was evaluated by the method known in the scientific literature as the Constantinescu phytobiological method (using wheat kernels, Triticum vulgare Mill). Acute toxicity of calcium levulinate was evaluated; the experiments showed the low toxicity of calcium levulinate. (4) Conclusion: The experimental results highlighted calcium as the predominant element in the composition of mussel shells, which strengthens the argument of capitalizing the shells as an important natural source of calcium.
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Amiri M, Karabegović I, van Westing AC, Verkaar AJCF, Beigrezaei S, Lara M, Bramer WM, Voortman T. Whole-diet interventions and cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women: A systematic review of controlled clinical trials. Maturitas 2021; 155:40-53. [PMID: 34876248 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Menopause is accompanied by many metabolic changes, increasing the risk of cardiometabolic diseases. The impact of diet, as a modifiable lifestyle factor, on cardiovascular health in general populations has been well established. The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize the evidence on the effects of whole diet on lipid profile, glycemic indices, and blood pressure in postmenopausal women. METHODS Embase, Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar were searched from inception to February 2021. We included controlled clinical trials in postmenopausal women that assessed the effect of a whole-diet intervention on lipid profile, glycemic indices, and/or blood pressure. The risk of bias in individual studies was assessed using RoB 2 and ROBINS-I tools. SUMMARY OF EVIDENCE Among 2,134 references, 21 trials met all eligibility criteria. Overall, results were heterogenuous and inconsistent. Compared to control diets, some studies showed that participants experienced improvements in total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting blood sugar (FBS), and apolipoprotein A (Apo-A) after following fat-modified diets, but some adverse effects on triglycerides (TG), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL), lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) concentrations were also observed. A limited number of trials found some effects of the Paleolithic, weight-loss, plant-based, or energy-restricted diets, or of following American Heart Association recommendations on TG, TC, HDL, insulin, FBS, or insulin resistance. CONCLUSION Current evidence suggests that diet may affect levels of some lipid profile markers, glycemic indices, and blood pressure among postmenopausal women. However, due to the large heterogeneity in intervention diets, comparison groups, intervention durations, and population characteristics, findings are inconclusive. Further well-designed clinical trials are needed on dietary interventions to reduce cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Amiri
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irma Karabegović
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anniek C van Westing
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Auke J C F Verkaar
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Beigrezaei
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Macarena Lara
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wichor M Bramer
- Medical Library, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Wrzosek M, Zawadzka Z, Sawicka A, Bobrowska-Korczak B, Białek A. Impact of Fatty Acids on Obesity-Associated Diseases and Radical Weight Reduction. Obes Surg 2021; 32:428-440. [PMID: 34813039 PMCID: PMC8794933 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-021-05789-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Fatty acids (FA), particularly polyunsaturated (PUFA) ones, are involved in the regulation of glycemic control, lipid metabolism, and inflammation. The aim of the study was to assess patient FA profile in relation to obesity, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism disturbances, and weight loss. Materials and Methods The studied group consisted of 51 patients with extreme obesity, 23 of whom achieved radical weight reduction within 1 year after a laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). FA levels were determined using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. Results Patients with extreme obesity and higher serum PUFA content have lower serum levels of SFA and MUFA (especially myristic, palmitic, lignoceric acids and palmitoleic, oleic acids), as well as lower triglyceride and higher HDL-cholesterol concentrations and it was not influenced by CEPT Taq1B variant. At baseline, the fatty acid profile of patients with type II diabetes differ from patients with dyslipidemia. In patients who had lost weight, significantly lower levels of selected saturated FA and major trans-fatty acid, elaidic, were found. Moreover, the proportion of PUFA was increased. Conclusion In extreme obesity, higher PUFA exert their favorable effects on serum lipids. Significant weight reduction after the bariatric surgery is associated with beneficial changes in the fatty acid profile. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Wrzosek
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Zawadzka
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ada Sawicka
- Department of Family Medicine, Internal Medicine and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, 00-416, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Bobrowska-Korczak
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Białek
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology PAS, Postepu 36A, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
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Colaco K, Lee KA, Akhtari S, Winer R, Welsh P, Sattar N, McInnes IB, Chandran V, Harvey P, Cook RJ, Gladman DD, Piguet V, Eder L. Targeted metabolomic profiling and prediction of cardiovascular events: a prospective study of patients with psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis. Ann Rheum Dis 2021; 80:1429-1435. [PMID: 34049856 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-220168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In patients with psoriatic disease (PsD), we sought serum metabolites associated with cardiovascular (CV) events and investigated whether they could improve CV risk prediction beyond traditional risk factors and the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). METHODS Nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics identified biomarkers for incident CV events in patients with PsD. The association of each metabolite with incident CV events was analysed using Cox proportional hazards regression models first adjusted for age and sex, and subsequently for traditional CV risk factors. Variable selection was performed using penalisation with boosting after adjusting for age and sex, and the FRS. RESULTS Among 977 patients with PsD, 70 patients had incident CV events. In Cox regression models adjusted for CV risk factors, alanine, tyrosine, degree of unsaturation of fatty acids and high-density lipoprotein particles were associated with decreased CV risk. Glycoprotein acetyls, apolipoprotein B and cholesterol remnants were associated with increased CV risk. The age-adjusted and sex-adjusted expanded model with 13 metabolites significantly improved prediction of CV events beyond the model with age and sex alone, with an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) of 79.9 versus 72.6, respectively (p=0.02). Compared with the FRS alone (AUC=73.9), the FRS-adjusted expanded model with 11 metabolites (AUC=75.0, p=0.72) did not improve CV risk discrimination. CONCLUSIONS We identify novel metabolites associated with the development of CV events in patients with PsD. Further study of their underlying causal role may clarify important pathways leading to CV events in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Colaco
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ker-Ai Lee
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shadi Akhtari
- Department of Cardiology, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raz Winer
- Department of Neurology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Paul Welsh
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Naveed Sattar
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Iain B McInnes
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Vinod Chandran
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paula Harvey
- Department of Cardiology, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard J Cook
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dafna D Gladman
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vincent Piguet
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lihi Eder
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids improve endothelial function with altering microbial flora. Transl Res 2021; 237:16-30. [PMID: 33775867 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Fish oil-derived long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids (LCMUFAs) with a carbon chain length longer than 18 units ameliorate cardiovascular risk in mice. In this study, we investigated whether LCMUFAs could improve endothelial functions in mice and humans. In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multi-center study, healthy subjects were randomly assigned to either an LCMUFA oil (saury oil) or a control oil (olive and tuna oils) group. Sixty subjects were enrolled and administrated each oil for 4 weeks. For the animal study, ApoE-/- mice were fed a Western diet supplemented with 3% of either gadoleic acid (C20:1) or cetoleic acid (C22:1) for 12 weeks. Participants from the LCMUFA group showed improvements in endothelial function and a lower trimethylamine-N-oxide level, which is a predictor of coronary artery disease. C20:1 and C22:1 oils significantly improved atherosclerotic lesions and plasma levels of several inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and TNF-α. These beneficial effects were consistent with an improvement in the gut microbiota environment, as evident from the decreased ratio of Firmicutes and/ or Bacteroidetes, increase in the abundance of Akkermansia, and upregulation of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-induced glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) expression and serum GLP-1 level. These data suggest that LCMUFAs alter the microbiota environment that stimulate the production of SCFAs, resulting in the induction of GLP-1 secretion. Fish oil-derived long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids might thus help to protect against cardiovascular disease.
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Intake of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the risk of incident peripheral artery disease. Eur J Clin Nutr 2021; 75:1483-1490. [PMID: 33514866 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-00858-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high intake of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may lower the risk of coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke. The association between intake of marine n-3 PUFAs and development of peripheral artery disease (PAD), however, remains unexplored. We hypothesised that intake of marine n-3 PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and the sum of EPA + DHA was associated with a lower risk of incident PAD. METHODS We used data from the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort and investigated the associations between intake of EPA, DHA and EPA + DHA and development of PAD. Information on intake of n-3 PUFAs was obtained through a validated food frequency questionnaire. Potential PAD cases were identified through linkage to the Danish National Patient Register and subsequently, all cases were validated. RESULTS Data were available from 55,248 participants and during a median of 13.6 years of follow-up, 950 cases of PAD were identified. Multivariate Cox regression analyses with adjustments for established risk factors showed no statistically significant associations between intake of EPA (p = 0.255), DHA (p = 0.071) or EPA + DHA (p = 0.168) and the rate of incident PAD. CONCLUSIONS We did not confirm our hypothesis that intake of EPA, DHA or EPA + DHA was associated with a lower risk of incident PAD.
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Spatiotemporal Regulation and Functional Analysis of Circular RNAs in Skeletal Muscle and Subcutaneous Fat during Pig Growth. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10090841. [PMID: 34571718 PMCID: PMC8465536 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, thousands of circular RNAs have been reported in different pig breeds. However, researches on the temporal and spatial expression patterns of circRNA over the period of animal growth are limited. Here, we systematically analyzed circRNAs in skeletal muscle and subcutaneous fat in four growth time points (30 days, 90 days, 150 days and 210 days after birth) of a Chinese native pig breed, Ningxiang pigs. A total of 1171 differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs between muscle and fat were identified, including 562 upregulated and 609 downregulated circRNAs. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of these DE circRNAs revealed that host genes were mainly involved in glycogen metabolism signaling pathways, muscle development signaling pathways such as ErbB pathway and adipocytokine signaling pathways and AMPK signaling pathways and fatty acid biosynthesis. The circRNAs have striking spatiotemporal specificity in the form of dynamic expression at 90 d. Short Time-Series Expression Miner analysis showed multiple model spectra that are significantly enriched with time changes in muscle and fat. Our findings provide new ideas and perspectives about the role of circular RNAs and their targeting relations with mRNA and miRNA in skeletal muscle and fat tissue during pig growth.
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Djuricic I, Calder PC. Beneficial Outcomes of Omega-6 and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Human Health: An Update for 2021. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072421. [PMID: 34371930 PMCID: PMC8308533 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 448] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation have been recognized as important contributors to the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may regulate the antioxidant signaling pathway and modulate inflammatory processes. They also influence hepatic lipid metabolism and physiological responses of other organs, including the heart. Longitudinal prospective cohort studies demonstrate that there is an association between moderate intake of the omega-6 PUFA linoleic acid and lower risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), most likely as a result of lower blood cholesterol concentration. Current evidence suggests that increasing intake of arachidonic acid (up to 1500 mg/day) has no adverse effect on platelet aggregation and blood clotting, immune function and markers of inflammation, but may benefit muscle and cognitive performance. Many studies show that higher intakes of omega-3 PUFAs, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are associated with a lower incidence of chronic diseases characterized by elevated inflammation, including CVDs. This is because of the multiple molecular and cellular actions of EPA and DHA. Intervention trials using EPA + DHA indicate benefit on CVD mortality and a significant inverse linear dose-response relationship has been found between EPA + DHA intake and CVD outcomes. In addition to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory roles, omega-3 fatty acids are considered to regulate platelet homeostasis and lower risk of thrombosis, which together indicate their potential use in COVID-19 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Djuricic
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Philip C. Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Correspondence:
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Advances in Technologies for Highly Active Omega-3 Fatty Acids from Krill Oil: Clinical Applications. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19060306. [PMID: 34073184 PMCID: PMC8226823 DOI: 10.3390/md19060306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Euphausia superba, commonly known as krill, is a small marine crustacean from the Antarctic Ocean that plays an important role in the marine ecosystem, serving as feed for most fish. It is a known source of highly bioavailable omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid). In preclinical studies, krill oil showed metabolic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and chemo preventive effects, while in clinical trials it showed significant metabolic, vascular and ergogenic actions. Solvent extraction is the most conventional method to obtain krill oil. However, different solvents must be used to extract all lipids from krill because of the diversity of the polarities of the lipid compounds in the biomass. This review aims to provide an overview of the chemical composition, bioavailability and bioaccessibility of krill oil, as well as the mechanisms of action, classic and non-conventional extraction techniques, health benefits and current applications of this marine crustacean.
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Sanfilippo C, Patti A. Biocatalytic regio- and stereoselective access to ω-3 endocannabinoid epoxides with peroxygenase from oat flour. Bioorg Chem 2021; 113:105014. [PMID: 34077840 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The biocatalytic epoxidation of ethanolamides of ω-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA, regarded as biologically active ω-3 endocannabinoids, in the presence of a peroxygenase-containing preparation from oat flour was investigated. Good regio- and steroselectivity toward the formation of the epoxide on the terminal double bond in the chain was observed with both these fatty acid derivatives and chiral monoepoxides 1 or 2 in 74% optical purity and 51-53% yields were isolated and spectroscopically characterized. The use of acetone as cosolvent in the reaction medium allowed to increase the concentration of starting substrates up to 40 mM and to further improve the selectivity in the epoxidation of DHA-EA. Due to the easy availability of the enzymatic preparation, the method offers a valuable strategy for the access to oxyfunctionalized derivatives of fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sanfilippo
- CNR - Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, I-95126 Catania, Italy.
| | - Angela Patti
- CNR - Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, I-95126 Catania, Italy
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Wang Q, Feng Y, Lu Y, Xin Y, Shen C, Wei L, Liu Y, Lv N, Du X, Zhu W, Jeong BR, Xue S, Xu J. Manipulating fatty-acid profile at unit chain-length resolution in the model industrial oleaginous microalgae Nannochloropsis. Metab Eng 2021; 66:157-166. [PMID: 33823272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The chain length (CL) of fatty acids (FAs) is pivotal to oil property, yet to what extent it can be customized in industrial oleaginous microalgae is unknown. In Nannochloropsis oceanica, to modulate long-chain FAs (LCFAs), we first discovered a fungi/bacteria-originated polyketide synthase (PKS) system which involves a cytoplasmic acyl-ACP thioesterase (NoTE1). NoTE1 hydrolyzes C16:0-, C16:1- and C18:1-ACP in vitro and thus intercepts the specific acyl-ACPs elongated by PKS for polyunsaturated FA biosynthesis, resulting in elevation of C16/C18 monounsaturated FAs when overproduced and increase of C20 when knocked out. For medium-chain FAs (MCFAs; C8-C14), C8:0 and C10:0 FAs are boosted by introducing a Cuphea palustris acyl-ACP TE (CpTE), whereas C12:0 elevated by rationally engineering CpTE enzyme's substrate-binding pocket to shift its CL preference towards C12:0. A mechanistic model exploiting both native and engineered PKS and type II FAS pathways was thus proposed for manipulation of carbon distribution among FAs of various CL. The ability to tailor FA profile at the unit CL resolution from C8 to C20 in Nannochloropsis spp. lays the foundation for scalable production of designer lipids via industrial oleaginous microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qintao Wang
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Laboratory of Energy Genetics and Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbin Feng
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yandu Lu
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Laboratory of Energy Genetics and Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Xin
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Laboratory of Energy Genetics and Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Shen
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Laboratory of Energy Genetics and Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wei
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Laboratory of Energy Genetics and Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxue Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nana Lv
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Laboratory of Energy Genetics and Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Du
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Laboratory of Energy Genetics and Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqiang Zhu
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Laboratory of Energy Genetics and Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Byeong-Ryool Jeong
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Laboratory of Energy Genetics and Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China; School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Song Xue
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jian Xu
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Laboratory of Energy Genetics and Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Konishi T, Takahashi Y, Shiina Y, Oike H, Oishi K. Time-of-day effects of consumption of fish oil-enriched sausages on serum lipid parameters and fatty acid composition in normolipidemic adults: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and parallel-group pilot study. Nutrition 2021; 90:111247. [PMID: 33962365 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The body clock controls diurnal rhythms of nutrient digestion, absorption, and metabolism. Fish oil (FO) contains abundant ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), that are thought to lower triglyceride (TG) levels. This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group trial aimed to confirm the effects of the time of FO intake on TG in healthy Japanese adults. METHODS Twenty healthy Japanese adults (age, 20-60 y) were assigned to either a group that consumed sausages enriched with FO (DHA 1010 mg; EPA 240 mg) in the morning and a placebo (DHA 40 mg; EPA 15 mg) in the evening (BF-FO) or another group that consumed FO-enriched sausages in the evening and the placebo in the morning (DN-FO). Serum lipid parameters, fatty acid (FA) composition, and messenger RNA expression of lipogenic genes in circulating blood cells were evaluated in fasting blood samples before, as well as after 4 and 8 wk of FO intake. RESULTS Serum concentrations of TG and total saturated FA were significantly decreased in the BF-FO group, whereas those of ω-3 PUFA were significantly and identically increased in both groups. Serum concentrations of ω-6 PUFA were significantly decreased in the BF-FO but not the DN-FO group. Messenger RNA expression of the lipogenic genes ACLY, SCD, and FASN were similarly reduced in both groups. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that the timing of FO intake affects both serum FA concentrations and TG metabolism in normolipidemic humans. The mechanisms of these effects of FO on lipid metabolism require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hideaki Oike
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Healthy Food Science Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Katsutaka Oishi
- Healthy Food Science Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan; Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan; School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Bercea CI, Cottrell GS, Tamagnini F, McNeish AJ. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and hypertension: a review of vasodilatory mechanisms of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:860-877. [PMID: 33283269 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is often characterised by impaired vasodilation involving dysfunction of multiple vasodilatory mechanisms. ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) can reduce blood pressure and vasodilation. In the endothelium, DHA and EPA improve function including increased NO bioavailability. However, animal studies show that DHA- and EPA-mediated vasodilation persists after endothelial removal, indicating a role for vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The vasodilatory effects of ω-3 PUFAs on VSMCs are mediated via opening of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BKCa ), ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP ) and possibly members of the Kv 7 family of voltage-activated potassium channels, resulting in hyperpolarisation and relaxation. ω-3 PUFA actions on BKCa and voltage-gated ion channels involve electrostatic interactions that are dependent on the polyunsaturated acyl tail, cis-geometry of these double bonds and negative charge of the carboxyl headgroup. This suggests structural manipulation of ω-3 PUFA could generate novel, targeted, therapeutic leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana-Ioana Bercea
- Reading School of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, The University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Graeme S Cottrell
- Reading School of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, The University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Francesco Tamagnini
- Reading School of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, The University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Alister J McNeish
- Reading School of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, The University of Reading, Reading, UK
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Acute EPA-induced learning and memory impairment in mice is prevented by DHA. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5465. [PMID: 33122660 PMCID: PMC7596714 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19255-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an omega-3 fatty acid, has been widely used to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD) and treat brain diseases alone or in combination with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). However, the impact of EPA and DHA supplementation on normal cognitive function and the molecular targets of EPA and DHA are still unknown. We show that acute administration of EPA impairs learning and memory and hippocampal LTP in adult and prepubescent mice. Similar deficits are duplicated by endogenously elevating EPA in the hippocampus in the transgenic fat-1 mouse. Furthermore, the damaging effects of EPA are mediated through enhancing GABAergic transmission via the 5-HT6R. Interestingly, DHA can prevent EPA-induced impairments at a ratio of EPA to DHA similar to that in marine fish oil via the 5-HT2CR. We conclude that EPA exhibits an unexpected detrimental impact on cognitive functions, suggesting that caution must be exercised in omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and the combination of EPA and DHA at a natural ratio is critical for learning and memory and synaptic plasticity. Acute administration of EPA impairs learning and memory and hippocampal LTP in mice that was mediated through enhancing GABAergic transmission via the 5-HT6R. DHA can prevent EPA-induced impairments at a ratio of EPA to DHA similar to that in marine fish oil via the 5-HT2CR.
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Biotechnology tools and applications for development of oilseed crops with healthy vegetable oils. Biochimie 2020; 178:4-14. [PMID: 32979430 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vegetable oils, consisting principally of triacylglycerols (TAG), are major sources of calories and essential fatty acids in the human diet. The fatty acid composition of TAG is a primary determinant of the nutritional quality and health-promoting properties of vegetable oils. TAG fatty acid composition also affects the functionality and properties of vegetable oils in food applications and in food processing and preparation. Vegetable oils with improved nutritional and functional properties have been developed for oilseed crops by selection and breeding of fatty acid biosynthetic mutants. These efforts have been effective at generating vegetable oils with altered relative amounts of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in seed TAG, but are constrained by insufficient genetic diversity for producing oils with "healthy" fatty acids that are not typically found in major oilseeds. The development and application of biotechnological tools have instead enabled the generation of oilseeds that produce novel fatty acid compositions with improved nutritional value by the introduction of genes from alternative sources, including plants, bacteria, and fungi. These tools have also allowed the generation of desired oil compositions that have proven difficult to obtain by breeding without compromised performance in selected oilseed crops. Here, we review biotechnological tools for increasing crop genetic diversity and their application for commercial or proof-of-principal development of oilseeds with expanded utility for food and feed applications and higher value nutritional and nutraceutical markets.
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Skarsfeldt MA, Liin SI, Larsson HP, Bentzen BH. Polyunsaturated fatty acid-derived I Ks channel activators shorten the QT interval ex-vivo and in-vivo. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 229:e13471. [PMID: 32223014 PMCID: PMC8633721 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to assess the ability of natural and modified polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to shorten QT interval in ex-vivo and in-vivo guinea pig hearts. METHODS The effect of one natural (docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]) and three modified (linoleoyl glycine [Lin-GLY], docosahexaenoyl glycine [DHA-GLY], N-arachidonoyl taurine [N-AT]) PUFAs on ventricular action potential duration (APD) and QT interval was studied in a E4031 drug-induced long QT2 model of ex-vivo guinea pig hearts. The effect of DHA-GLY on QT interval was also studied in in-vivo guinea pig hearts upon intravenous administration. The effect of modified PUFAs on IKs was studied using Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing human KCNQ1 and KCNE1. RESULTS All tested PUFAs shortened ADP and QT interval in ex-vivo guinea pig hearts, however, with different ability in restoring baseline APD/QT interval with specific modified PUFAs being most efficacious. Despite comparable ability in activating the human KCNQ1/KCNE1 channel, Lin-GLY was not as effective in shortening APD/QT interval as DHA-GLY in ex-vivo hearts. By constructing a guinea pig-like KCNE1, we found Lin-GLY to induce less activating effect compared with DHA-GLY on human KCNQ1 co-expressed with guinea pig-like KCNE1. Docosahexaenoyl glycine was studied in more detail and was found to shorten QT interval in in-vivo guinea pig hearts. CONCLUSION Our results show that specific PUFAs shorten QT interval in guinea pig hearts. The tendency of modified PUFAs with pronounced IKs channel activating effect to better restore QT interval suggests that modifying PUFAs to target the IKs channel is a means to improve the QT-shortening effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Skarsfeldt
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sara I Liin
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hans P Larsson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Bo H Bentzen
- The Danish Arrhythmia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Zhao J, Cao Q, Xing M, Xiao H, Cheng Z, Song S, Ji A. Advances in the Study of Marine Products with Lipid-Lowering Properties. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E390. [PMID: 32726987 PMCID: PMC7459887 DOI: 10.3390/md18080390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With twice the number of cancer's deaths, cardiovascular diseases have become the leading cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis, in particular, is a progressive, chronic inflammatory cardiovascular disease caused by persistent damage to blood vessels due to elevated cholesterol levels and hyperlipidemia. This condition is characterized by an increase in serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein, and a decrease in high-density lipoprotein. Although existing therapies with hypolipidemic effects can improve the living standards of patients with cardiovascular diseases, the drugs currently used in clinical practice have certain side effects, which insists on the need for the development of new types of drugs with lipid-lowering effects. Some marine-derived substances have proven hypolipidemic activities with fewer side effects and stand as a good alternative for drug development. Recently, there have been thousands of studies on substances with lipid-lowering properties of marine origin, and some are already implemented in clinical practice. Here, we summarize the active components of marine-derived products having a hypolipidemic effect. These active constituents according to their source are divided into algal, animal, plant and microbial and contribute to the development and utilization of marine medicinal products with hypolipidemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Zhao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (J.Z.); (Q.C.); (M.X.); (H.X.); (Z.C.)
| | - Qi Cao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (J.Z.); (Q.C.); (M.X.); (H.X.); (Z.C.)
| | - Maochen Xing
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (J.Z.); (Q.C.); (M.X.); (H.X.); (Z.C.)
| | - Han Xiao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (J.Z.); (Q.C.); (M.X.); (H.X.); (Z.C.)
| | - Zeyu Cheng
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (J.Z.); (Q.C.); (M.X.); (H.X.); (Z.C.)
| | - Shuliang Song
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (J.Z.); (Q.C.); (M.X.); (H.X.); (Z.C.)
| | - Aiguo Ji
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (J.Z.); (Q.C.); (M.X.); (H.X.); (Z.C.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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Lombardi M, Chiabrando JG, Vescovo GM, Bressi E, Del Buono MG, Carbone S, Koenig RA, Van Tassell BW, Abbate A, Biondi-Zoccai G, Dixon DL. Impact of Different Doses of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Cardiovascular Outcomes: a Pairwise and Network Meta-analysis. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2020; 22:45. [PMID: 32671519 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-020-00865-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Omega-3 fatty acid (O3FA) supplementation has shown conflicting evidence regarding its benefit in cardiovascular events. We performed a pairwise and network meta-analysis to elucidate the benefit of different doses of O3FA supplementation in cardiovascular prevention. RECENT FINDINGS Fourteen studies were identified providing data on 125,763 patients. A prespecified cut-off value of < 1 g per day was set for low-dose (LD) O3FA and > 1 g per day for high-dose (HD) O3FA. The efficacy outcomes of interest were total death, cardiac death, sudden cardiac death, myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary revascularization, unstable angina, and major vascular events. Safety outcomes of interest were bleeding, gastrointestinal disturbances, and atrial fibrillation events. HD treatment was associated with a lower risk of cardiac death (IRR 0.79, 95% CI [0.65-0.96], p = 0.03 versus control), myocardial infarction (0.71 [0.62-0.82], p < 0.0001 versus control and 0.79 [0.67-0.92], p = 0.003 versus LD), coronary revascularization (0.74 [0.66-0.83], p < 0.0001 versus control and 0.74 [0.66-0.84], p < 0.0001 versus LD), unstable angina (0.73 [0.62-0.86], p = 0.0001 versus control and 0.74 [0.62-0.89], p = 0.002 versus LD), and major vascular events (0.78 [0.71-0.85], p < 0.0001 versus control and 0.79 [0.72-0.88], p < 0.0001 versus LD). HD treatment was associated with increased risk for bleeding events (1.49 [1.2-1.84], p = 0.0002 versus control and 1.63 [1.16-2.3], p = 0.005 versus LD) and increased atrial fibrillation events compared to control (1.35 [1.1-1.66], p = 0.004). HD O3FA treatment was associated with lower cardiovascular events compared to LD and to control, but increased risk for bleeding and atrial fibrillation events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Lombardi
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Juan G Chiabrando
- Interventional Cardiology Service, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Health Science Statistics Applied Laboratory (LEACS), Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Giovanni M Vescovo
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Edoardo Bressi
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Policlinico Casilino, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Giuseppe Del Buono
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Carbone
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, College of Humanities & Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Rachel A Koenig
- Tompkins-McCaw Library for the Health Sciences, VCU Libraries Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Benjamin W Van Tassell
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Pharmacotherapy & Outcomes Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Antonio Abbate
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy
| | - Dave L Dixon
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
- Department of Pharmacotherapy & Outcomes Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most common complications of the use of foreign material, in both reconstructive and cosmetic breast surgery, is capsular contracture. Historically, research on capsular contracture has focused mainly on reducing bacterial contamination through antibiotic solutions. Only secondary studies have focused on pharmacological control of the inflammation process, with particular attention paid to the main inflammation pathway, the arachidonic acid cascade. An important role in the arachidonic acid cascade is played by the omega-3 fatty acids, which are found mainly in oily fish and food supplements. The goal of the present study was to investigate the effects of omega-3 supplements on capsule contraction. METHODS Female C57BL/6 mice were implanted with custom-made silicone gel implants and divided into two groups. The treated group received omega-3 oil daily while the control group received water daily by gavage. After mice were euthanized, samples of capsules were collected to evaluate thickness and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β expression. RESULTS The results showed that capsules in the omega-3 group were thinner and more transparent than those found in the control group. In addition, a significant downregulation of the TGF-β2 gene transcript was observed in the omega-3 group. CONCLUSIONS Omega-3 supplementation seems to be effective in reducing the occurrence of capsular formation, mainly through inhibition of the TGF-β pathway and impairment of collagen deposit. Omega-3 supplementation is a simple and promising method that could be used to prevent or at least reduce capsular contracture after silicone implant surgery.
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Zafar S, Tang MQ, Liu SY, Tan XL. Candidate genes association study to identify allele-specific SNP marker of ω-3 fatty acid in Brassica napus. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 248:153159. [PMID: 32276152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to the rapid decline in oceanic fish stock, ω-3 fatty acid (C18:3) has attracted serious attention and, hence, the identification of genotypes with high ω-3 content has become the main objective of Brassica napus (rapeseed) breeding. A candidate genes association study permitted us to delineate a genomic region linked to ω-3 content, offering a detailed understanding of the complex genetic mechanism of fatty acid biosynthesis in B. napus. Herein, the candidate genes association study, conducted on 324 genetically diverse rapeseed accessions, detected 114 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with ω-3 fatty acid. Furthermore, these loci were functionally characterized in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These associated loci were selected based on their contribution to a high C18:3 ratio, and the selected candidate loci were validated using allele-specific SNPs markers in an inbred population through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These findings may contribute to improving the fatty acid composition by marker-based breeding and will facilitate the development of rapeseed varieties with high ω-3 content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundus Zafar
- School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min-Qiang Tang
- The Oil Crops Research Institute (OCRI) of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng-Yi Liu
- The Oil Crops Research Institute (OCRI) of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Li Tan
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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Harari A, Leikin Frenkel A, Barshack I, Sagee A, Cohen H, Kamari Y, Harats D, Kandel Kfir M, Shaish A. Addition of fish oil to atherogenic high fat diet inhibited atherogenesis while olive oil did not, in LDL receptor KO mice. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:709-716. [PMID: 32007335 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mediterranean diet has been associated with decreased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Both fish and olive oil are key components of this diet. Therefore, we compared their effects on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and atherogenesis in a mouse model, fed a high fat diet. METHODS AND RESULTS Forty nine, female LDL receptor knockout (LDLR KO) mice were allocated into 3 groups and fed an atherogenic high fat (HF) diet for 9 weeks. The HF group was fed a high fat diet alone. A HF + OO group was fed a HF diet with added olive oil (60 ml/kg feed), and the third group (HF + FO) was fed a HF diet with added fish oil (60 ml/kg feed). Both additions of fish and olive oil, significantly decreased plasma cholesterol elevation compared to HF diet. Nevertheless, only fish oil addition reduced significantly atherosclerotic lesion area by 51% compared to HF group. Liver levels of eicosapentenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids were several folds higher in HF + FO group than in HF and HF + OO groups. Liver levels of oleic acid were higher in HF + OO compared to the other groups. Moreover, Fish oil addition significantly decreased NAFLD scores related to steatosis and inflammation and lowered the expression of the inflammatory genes interleukin 6 (IL6) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1). CONCLUSION These results suggest that fish oil addition on top of an atherogenic, HF diet, is beneficial, while olive oil is not, in its effect on plaque formation and NAFLD in LDLR KO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelet Harari
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Ramat Gan, Israel.
| | - Alicia Leikin Frenkel
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Iris Barshack
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Aviv Sagee
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Hofit Cohen
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yehuda Kamari
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dror Harats
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Kandel Kfir
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Aviv Shaish
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Ramat Gan, Israel; Achva Academic College, Israel
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Izadi A, Khedmat L, Tavakolizadeh R, Mojtahedi SY. The intake assessment of diverse dietary patterns on childhood hypertension: alleviating the blood pressure and lipidemic factors with low-sodium seafood rich in omega-3 fatty acids. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:65. [PMID: 32264876 PMCID: PMC7140568 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01245-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood hypertension (CH) is related to the dietary intake and diversity of children. The study aimed to assess the critical role of dietary diversity, and seafood long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFAs) in reducing CH among the Iranian community. METHODS A cross-sectional two-phase study with 7-12-year-old Iranian students was designed. In the initial phase, the socio-demographic characteristics, and blood pressure status (normal, pre-hypertension, and hypertension) based on systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure data were assessed. The 24-h dietary recall questionnaire was used to generate the dietary diversity score (DDS, count of consumed food groups) and dietary variety score (DVS, the cumulative number of daily consumed food items). In the second phase, the association between CH reduction and changes in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides (TG) levels of schoolchildren intervened by a seafood diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids were assessed using the regression analyses. RESULTS The pre-hypertension and hypertension prevalence rates were 7.8 and 9.15%, respectively. CH was significantly associated with age, gender, and DDS. A significant inverse association was found between the high intake of seafood and CH (P = 0.032). The gas-chromatography analysis showed the high presence of α-linolenic (ALA, 6.72%), eicosapentaenoic (EPA, 7.62%), docosapentaenoic (DPA, 5.88%), and docosahexaenoic (DHA, 18.52%) acids in the seafood-based diet (p < 0.05). The low blood pressure levels with regular consumption of this healthy-functional diet were significantly associated with a reduction in BMI, LDL, TC, and TG, and a remarkable increase in 25OHD and HDL levels. The multiple linear regression showed that the SBP was highly associated with the TC (p < 0.001; β = 0.464). CONCLUSIONS The age and DDS were efficient predictors for the different CH status. A regular seafood-rich dietary pattern due to the high LC n-3 PUFAs contents could significantly reduce the obesity-related cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Izadi
- Department of Pediatric Infection Disease, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Khedmat
- Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Tavakolizadeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed Yousef Mojtahedi
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Bahrami Children Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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