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Liang ZC, Ouyang H, Song XJ, Liang JX, Zheng WH, Chen JJ, Yin ZG, Chen SY. Eikenella corrodens isolated from pleural effusion: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:3596-3602. [PMID: 38983430 PMCID: PMC11229915 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i18.3596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bacterium Eikenella, classified as a gram-negative member of the phylum Proteobacteria, is distinguished by its rarity, corrosive nature, facultative anaerobic properties, and conditional pathogenicity. It represents the sole species within its genus-Eikenella corrodens (E. corrodens)-and can be found colonizing both human and animal oral and nasopharyngeal regions. Additionally, it occasionally inhabits the gastrointestinal or urogenital tracts. However, its slow growth rate can be attributed to its high nutritional requirements. However, there is an uneven distribution of construction and diagnostic capacity in China which poses undeniable challenges for the clinical examination and analysis of this case, especially in the basic hospitals. CASE SUMMARY Here we presented a case of empyema associated with E. corrodens infection in a 67-year-old male patient without any previous history of infectious diseases in our primary hospital in Dongguan district of China. The patient was admitted due to recurrent worsening cough, sputum production, and dyspnea for 3 d, which had persisted for over 20 years. Moreover, the patient experienced a one-hour episode of unconsciousness. Upon admission, immediate comprehensive examinations were conducted on the patient which subsequently led to his admission to the intensive care unit. Meanwhile, the patient presented with drowsiness and profuse sweating along with bilateral conjunctival edema observed during initiation of non-invasive ventilation, suggesting empyema. A significant amount of coffee-colored malodorous pleural fluid was drained during the procedure above and sent to the laboratory department for inspection. Finally, laboratory culture results confirmed the presence of E. corrodens infection in the pleural fluid sample. The patient received antimicrobial therapy until died on day 22 in the hospital. CONCLUSION In this report, we presented a case of empyema associated with E. corrodens infection. Multiple courses of morphological examination, viable culture analysis, and biochemical identification revealed its difficulties in detecting distinctive characteristics, as well as a detection model worth promoting. It's just that there were still certain deficiencies in terms of morphological assessment, biochemical identification, and drug susceptibility testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Cong Liang
- Department of Laboratory Science, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan 523905, Guangdong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of accurately etiological research on the pathogenesis of inflammation and cancer, Dongguan 523905, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hao Ouyang
- Department of Laboratory Science, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan 523905, Guangdong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of accurately etiological research on the pathogenesis of inflammation and cancer, Dongguan 523905, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xue-Jing Song
- Department of Laboratory Science, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan 523905, Guangdong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of accurately etiological research on the pathogenesis of inflammation and cancer, Dongguan 523905, Guangdong Province, China
- Central Laboratory, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan 523905, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian-Xin Liang
- Department of Laboratory Science, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan 523905, Guangdong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of accurately etiological research on the pathogenesis of inflammation and cancer, Dongguan 523905, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei-Hua Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Science, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan 523905, Guangdong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of accurately etiological research on the pathogenesis of inflammation and cancer, Dongguan 523905, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian-Jun Chen
- Department of Laboratory Science, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan 523905, Guangdong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of accurately etiological research on the pathogenesis of inflammation and cancer, Dongguan 523905, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zheng-Gang Yin
- Department of Laboratory Science, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan 523905, Guangdong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of accurately etiological research on the pathogenesis of inflammation and cancer, Dongguan 523905, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sha-Yan Chen
- Department of Laboratory Science, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan 523905, Guangdong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of accurately etiological research on the pathogenesis of inflammation and cancer, Dongguan 523905, Guangdong Province, China
- Central Laboratory, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan 523905, Guangdong Province, China
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Rosales-Castillo A, Jiménez-Guerra G, Ruiz-Gómez L, Expósito-Ruíz M, Navarro-Marí JM, Gutiérrez-Fernández J. Emerging Presence of Culturable Microorganisms in Clinical Samples of the Genitourinary System: Systematic Review and Experience in Specialized Care of a Regional Hospital. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051348. [PMID: 35268439 PMCID: PMC8911399 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of emerging pathogens responsible for genitourinary infections has increased with technological advances. We conducted a systematic review of publications on the involvement of these microorganisms in genitourinary samples, and we also investigated their presence and antibiotic susceptibility in samples from patients at our regional hospital (Granada, Spain). The MEDLINE database was searched up to 31 December 2020, and a cross-sectional descriptive study was performed of results obtained in urine samples and genital exudates from January 2016 through December 2019. The review highlighted the frequent involvement of Neisseria meningitidis in genital infections, while the data on other microorganisms were consistent with findings in our patient series. The emerging microorganisms most often responsible for urinary tract infections were Streptococcus bovis (58.5%) and Gardnerella vaginalis (23.6%) in females, and S. bovis (32.3%), Aerococcus urinae (18.6%), and Corynebacterium spp. (16.9%) in males; those most frequently reported in genital infections were S. viridans (36.4%) in females and C. glucuronolyticum (32.2%) and G. vaginalis (35.6%) in males. In general, emerging pathogens are resistant to conventional antibiotics such as penicillin. However, there has also been an increase in beta-lactam resistance by the S. bovis group and Corynebacterium spp. The systematic review showed that emerging microorganisms are responsible for only a small percentage of genitourinary infections but are of major clinical interest, with a predominance of the S. bovis group, G. vaginalis, Lactobacillus spp., Aerococcus spp., and Corynebacterium spp. in urine samples and of G. vaginalis and C. glucuronolyticum in genital samples. Given the increasing resistance to antibiotics empirically prescribed in patients with genitourinary infections, it is recommended to create an antibiogram in all cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rosales-Castillo
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital & Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Avenida de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18014 Granada, Spain;
- Program in Clinical Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada & Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Gemma Jiménez-Guerra
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital & Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Avenida de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18014 Granada, Spain; (G.J.-G.); (J.M.N.-M.)
| | - Lara Ruiz-Gómez
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada & Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Manuela Expósito-Ruíz
- Unit of Biostatistics, Department of Statistics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - José María Navarro-Marí
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital & Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Avenida de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18014 Granada, Spain; (G.J.-G.); (J.M.N.-M.)
| | - José Gutiérrez-Fernández
- Program in Clinical Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada & Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18016 Granada, Spain
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital & Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Avenida de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18014 Granada, Spain; (G.J.-G.); (J.M.N.-M.)
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada & Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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