• Gastric ulcers
• Growth factors
• High-fat diet
• Matrix metalloproteinases
• Obesity

• Animals
• Stomach Ulcer/pathology
• Stomach Ulcer/metabolism
• Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
• Male
• Mice
• Extracellular Matrix/metabolism
• Wound Healing
• Cytokines/metabolism
• Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
• Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism
• Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism

• duodenum
• endoscopy
• metabolic syndrome

• Casual effect
• Mendelian randomization
• Peptic ulcer
• Ratio of cholesterol to total lipids in medium VLDL
• Single nucleotide polymorphism

• bombesin
• gastroesophageal reflux diseases (GERD)
• inflammation
• oxidative stress
• vitamins

• citral
• gastric ulcer
• healing
• matrix metalloproteinases
• monoterpene
• obesity

• Mice
• Animals
• Male
• Matrix Metalloproteinase 2
• Stomach Ulcer/pathology
• Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/pharmacology
• Ulcer/pathology
• Diet, High-Fat
• Obesity/pathology
• Gastric Mucosa/pathology

• gastrointestinal disease
• gingival crevicular fluid
• inflammation
• periodontopathy
• quality of life

• central obesity
• health examination
• metabolic syndrome
• peptic ulcer disease

• adiposity
• cancer
• preoperative exercise
• sarcopenia

• endoscopy
• gastroduodenal disease
• occupational & industrial medicine
• public health

• Adult
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Endoscopy
• Gastritis/epidemiology
• Gastritis, Atrophic
• Humans
• Male
• Republic of Korea/epidemiology

• apoptosis
• stomach diseases

• Animals
• Apoptosis
• Case-Control Studies
• Cells, Cultured
• Disease Models, Animal
• Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
• Ethanol
• Gastric Mucosa/metabolism
• Gastric Mucosa/pathology
• Humans
• Indomethacin
• Lipocalin-2/genetics
• Lipocalin-2/metabolism
• Male
• Mice, Inbred C57BL
• Obesity/complications
• Obesity/metabolism
• Obesity/pathology
• Oxidative Stress
• Signal Transduction
• Stomach Ulcer/chemically induced
• Stomach Ulcer/metabolism
• Stomach Ulcer/pathology
• Stomach Ulcer/prevention & control
• Up-Regulation
• Mice

• National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
• National Key R&D Program of China [No.2018YFC1314101]
• Traditional Medicine Project of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission [No.2020JP013] Clinical research funds from shanghai municipal health commission [No.202040170]

Background and objective: Although obesity is associated with an increased risk of peptic ulcer disease (PUD), no study has evaluated the association of PUD with sarcopenia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of sarcopenia and obesity with PUD. Material and Methods: Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) IV and V for 2007–2012 were used. PUD history, dietary, alcohol consumption, smoking, physical activity patterns, and other socioeconomic factors were analyzed. Sarcopenia index (appendicular skeletal muscle mass (kg) ÷ body mass index (kg/m2)) and body fat mass were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the association of sarcopenia with the prevalence of PUD. Results: The 7092 patients were divided into the sarcopenic obesity (SO, n = 870), sarcopenic non-obesity (n = 2676), non-sarcopenic obesity (NSO, n = 2698), and non-sarcopenic non-obesity (NSNO, n = 848) groups. The prevalence of PUD in these groups was 70 (7.9%), 170 (7.4%), 169 (6.3%), and 47 (3.8%), respectively (p < 0.001). A crude analysis revealed that the prevalence of PUD was 2.2-fold higher in the SO group than in the NSNO group (odds ratio (OR), 2.2; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.5–3.2), the significance of which remained after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, and HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance) score (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.3–2.7). Conclusion: In conclusion, in this nationally representative cohort, the combination of muscle and fat mass, as well as obesity, was associated with an increased risk of PUD.

• duodenal ulcer
• gastric ulcer
• obesity
• sarcopenia

• metabolic syndrome
• non–alcoholic fatty liver disease
• pancreas
• prediction
• scoring system

• Adult
• Aged
• Biomarkers/analysis
• Biomarkers/blood
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Female
• Humans
• Male
• Metabolic Syndrome/diagnosis
• Metabolic Syndrome/diagnostic imaging
• Metabolic Syndrome/physiopathology
• Middle Aged
• Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/diagnosis
• Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/diagnostic imaging
• Pancreas/abnormalities
• Pancreas/diagnostic imaging
• Risk Factors
• Serbia
• Ultrasonography/methods

The prevalence rate of reflux esophagitis (RE) in Asia, including Taiwan, has increased dramatically in recent years. However, few studies have discussed on its relationship with metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between RE and MetS and its components.

We conducted a cross-sectional study during 2013 to 2014 in Taiwan. A total of 4895 subjects who completed upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at the Health Examination Center of Changhua Christian Hospital were enrolled. RE was defined according to the upper gastrointestinal endoscopic findings and MetS was defined according to the Taiwanese criteria. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for each variable to assess the associated features for RE. We analyzed the relationship between the number of MetS components and the severity of RE using the chi-square test for trend.

The prevalence rates of MetS and RE were respectively 28.5 and 59.6%. According to univariate logistic regression analysis, MetS was significantly associated with RE and remained a positive association in multivariate logistic regression analysis (adjusted OR^ß = 1.251; 95% CI = 1.071–1.462; p = 0.005). Furthermore, among the five MetS components, elevated blood pressure (adjusted OR^γ = 1.163; 95% CI = 1.023–1.323; p = 0.021), abdominal obesity (adjusted OR^γ = 1.173; 95% CI = 1.020–1.349; p = 0.026) and hyperglycemia (adjusted OR^γ = 1.306; 95% CI = 1.142–1.495; p < 0.001) were positively associated with the presence of RE. A weak association was also found between elevated triglycerides and RE after adjusting for age and gender (adjusted OR^α = 1.171; 95% CI = 1.022–1.343; p = 0.023). Reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol showed no significant difference between groups with and without RE. Older age (≥65 years), male gender, higher body mass index, higher uric acid, smoking, alcohol drinking, and hiatal hernia were found to be significant associated factors for RE. In addition, a dose-response relation between the number of MetS components and the presence of RE was demonstrated in the multivariate analysis. Furthermore, we performed a trend analysis and found the severity of RE got worse as the number of MetS components increased (p < 0.001).

This study suggests that MetS is significantly related to the presence and the severity of RE.

• Gastroesophageal reflux
• Metabolic syndrome
• Reflux esophagitis

• Anticoagulant
• Antiplatelet
• Aspirin
• Peptic ulcer
• Upper gastrointestinal bleeding

• Animals
• Carcinogenesis
• Gastrointestinal Diseases/etiology
• Gastrointestinal Diseases/microbiology
• Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/etiology
• Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/microbiology
• Helicobacter Infections/complications
• Helicobacter Infections/metabolism
• Helicobacter pylori
• Humans
• Metabolic Syndrome/complications
• Metabolic Syndrome/metabolism

Our study aimed to investigate the association between metabolic syndrome and postoperative survival in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and evaluate whether metabolic syndrome can predict the prognosis in esophageal cancer patients. The retrospective study reviewed 519 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who had received esophagetomy and lymphnode dissections in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University between January 2007 and December 2011. All patients were followed up until December 2016. The median follow-up time was 39.59 months (range 0.25–72 months). The 3-year and 5-year survival rate was 51.4% and 37.0%, respectively. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed a significant correlation between OS and obesity (P = 0.000), weight loss (P = 0.000), diabetes (P = 0.001) and dyslipidemia (P = 0.030). Multivariate analysis indicated that advanced TNM staging (P = 0.007, HR: 1.760, 95% CI: 1.167–2.654) and more weight loss (P = 0.000, HR: 1.961, 95% CI: 1.697–2.267) were independent factors for adverse prognosis of esophageal squamous carcinoma patients. In contrast, diabetes was a protective factor in the prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer (P = 0.018, HR: 0.668, 95% CI: 0.478–0.933). Our findings suggest that TNM staging, weight changes and diabetes were independent predictors for the prognosis of esophageal cancer patients.