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Niyirora P, Cyganowski P. Catalytic Production of Aromatic Amines from Nitroaromatics-Addressing a Critical Challenge in Environmental Remediation. Chemistry 2025; 31:e202500281. [PMID: 40079318 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202500281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2025] [Revised: 02/26/2025] [Accepted: 03/13/2025] [Indexed: 03/15/2025]
Abstract
The present work reviews the continuous-flow hydrogenation of nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) to aromatic amines, highlighting its significance in sustainable chemical manufacturing. These processes offer enhanced efficiency, scalability, and safety compared to traditional batch methods, addressing the environmental concerns associated with NACs contamination. In this context, the flow-mode processes of NACs hydrogenation may be considered as tools for catalytically driven extraction of fine chemical products. Within this review, key aspects, including an overview of flow reactor designs-such as packed-bed and microreactors-optimizing heat and mass transfer are discussed. Additionally, various catalytic materials, including bimetallic nanoparticles and metal-organic frameworks, are explored for their improved stability and selectivity in NACs reduction. The kinetics of these reactions aids in understanding the factors affecting reaction, and mass transfer rates. Despite the advantages, challenges remain, including catalyst deactivation and reactor design complexities, particularly during scale-up for industrial applications. Future trends indicate a shift toward hybrid systems integrating photocatalysis and biocatalysis, enhancing the versatility of continuous-flow processes. Ultimately, the adoption of these technologies is anticipated to play a crucial role in the circular economy by converting hazardous waste into valuable products, thereby fostering innovation and environmental preservation in the chemical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Niyirora
- Department of Process Engineering and Technology of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. S. Wyspiańskiego 27, Wrocław, 50-370, Poland
| | - Piotr Cyganowski
- Department of Process Engineering and Technology of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. S. Wyspiańskiego 27, Wrocław, 50-370, Poland
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Cyganowski P, Dzimitrowicz A, Marzec MM, Arabasz S, Sokołowski K, Lesniewicz A, Nowak S, Pohl P, Bernasik A, Jermakowicz-Bartkowiak D. Catalytic reductions of nitroaromatic compounds over heterogeneous catalysts with rhenium sub-nanostructures. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12789. [PMID: 37550421 PMCID: PMC10406812 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39830-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) are key contaminants of anthropogenic origin and pose a severe threat to human and animal lives. Although the catalytic activities of Re nanostructures (NSs) are significantly higher than those of other heterogeneous catalysts containing NSs, few studies have been reported on the application of Re-based nanocatalysts for NAC hydrogenation. Accordingly, herein, catalytic reductions of nitrobenzene (NB), 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), 2-nitroaniline (2-NA), 4-nitroaniline (4-NA), and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (2,4,6-TNP) over new Re-based heterogeneous catalysts were proposed. The catalytic materials were designed to enable effective syntheses and stabilisation of particularly small Re structures over them. Accordingly, catalytic hydrogenations of NACs under mild conditions were significantly enhanced by Re sub-nanostructures (Re-sub-NSs). The highest pseudo-first-order rate constants for NB, 4-NP, 2-NA, 4-NA, and 2,4,6-TNP reductions over the catalyst acquired by stabilising Re using bis(3-aminopropyl)amine (BAPA), which led to Re-sub-NSs with Re concentrations of 16.7 wt%, were 0.210, 0.130, 0.100, 0.180, and 0.090 min-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Cyganowski
- Department of Process Engineering and Technology of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze S. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Anna Dzimitrowicz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Metallurgy, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze S. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mateusz M Marzec
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza Av. 30, 30-059, Kraków, Poland
| | - Sebastian Arabasz
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Stablowicka 147, 54-066, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krystian Sokołowski
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza Av. 30, 30-059, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Lesniewicz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Metallurgy, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze S. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Sylwia Nowak
- Laboratory of Microscopic Techniques, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, H. Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Pawel Pohl
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Metallurgy, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze S. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrzej Bernasik
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza Av. 30, 30-059, Kraków, Poland
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza Av. 30, 30-059, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dorota Jermakowicz-Bartkowiak
- Department of Process Engineering and Technology of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze S. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
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Valsamaki A, Xanthoudaki M, Oikonomou KG, Vlachostergios PJ, Papadogoulas A, Katsiafylloudis P, Voulgaridi I, Skoura AL, Komnos A, Papamichalis P. Prevention, diagnostic evaluation, management and prognostic implications of liver disease in critically ill patients with COVID-19. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:514-527. [PMID: 36793637 PMCID: PMC9923862 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i3.514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, broke out in December 2019 in Wuhan city of China and spread rapidly worldwide. Therefore, by March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the disease a global pandemic. Apart from the respiratory system, various other organs of the human body are also seriously affected by the virus. Liver injury in patients with a severe form of COVID-19 is estimated to be 14.8%-53.0%. Elevated levels of total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase and low levels of serum albumin and prealbumin are the main laboratory findings. Patients with pre-existing chronic liver disease and cirrhosis are much more prone to develop severe liver injury. This literature review presented the recent scientific findings regarding the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for liver injury in critically ill patients with COVID-19, the various interactions between drugs used to treat the disease and the function of the liver and the specific tests providing the possibility of early diagnosis of severe liver injury in these patients. Moreover, it highlighted the burden that COVID-19 put on health systems worldwide and its effect on transplant programs and the care provided to critically ill patients in general and particularly to those with chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asimina Valsamaki
- Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital of Larissa, Larissa 41221, Greece
| | - Maria Xanthoudaki
- Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital of Larissa, Larissa 41221, Greece
| | | | - Panagiotis J Vlachostergios
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | | | | | - Ioanna Voulgaridi
- Department of Microbiology, General Hospital of Larissa, Larissa 41221, Greece
| | | | - Apostolos Komnos
- Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital of Larissa, Larissa 41221, Greece
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Valsamaki A, Xanthoudaki M, Oikonomou KG, Vlachostergios PJ, Papadogoulas A, Katsiafylloudis P, Voulgaridi I, Skoura AL, Komnos A, Papamichalis P. Prevention, diagnostic evaluation, management and prognostic implications of liver disease in critically ill patients with COVID-19. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:514-527. [DOI: 18.valsamaki a, xanthoudaki m, oikonomou kg, vlachostergios pj, papadogoulas a, katsiafylloudis p, voulgaridi i, skoura al, komnos a, papamichalis p.prevention, diagnostic evaluation, management and prognostic implications of liver disease in critically ill patients with covid-19.world j clin cases.2023 jan 26;11(3):514-527.doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i3.514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2025] Open
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Xu Z, Jiang X, Dai X, Li B. The Dynamic Role of FOXP3+ Tregs and Their Potential Therapeutic Applications During SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:916411. [PMID: 35874688 PMCID: PMC9305488 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.916411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been raging all around the world since the beginning of 2020, and leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with strong cytokine storm which contributes to widespread tissue damage and even death in severe patients. Over-activated immune response becomes one of the characteristics of severe COVID-19 patients. Regulatory T cells (Treg) play an essential role in maintaining the immune homeostasis, which restrain excessive inflammation response. So FOXP3+ Tregs might participate in the suppression of inflammation caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Besides suppressive function, tissue resident Tregs are also responsible for tissue repair. In this review, we mainly summarize the latest research focusing on the change of FOXP3+ Tregs in the COVID-19 patients, discuss the relationship between disease severity and number change of Tregs and speculate the potential role of FOXP3+ Tregs during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, we introduce some potential Treg-based therapies to improve patients’ outcomes, which include small molecular drugs, antibody drugs, CAR-Treg and cytokine treatment. We hope to reduce tissue damage of severe COVID-19 patients and offer better prognosis through Treg-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Xu
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueyu Dai
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xueyu Dai, ; Bin Li,
| | - Bin Li
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Department of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research, Guanghua Integrative Medicine Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Xueyu Dai, ; Bin Li,
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Mushtaq HA, Khedr A, Koritala T, Bartlett BN, Jain NK, Khan SA. A review of adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines. LE INFEZIONI IN MEDICINA 2022; 30:1-10. [PMID: 35350266 DOI: 10.53854/liim-3001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to unanticipated pressures on all aspects of human life. Multiple approaches to eliciting protective immunity must be rapidly evaluated. Numerous efforts have been made to develop an effective vaccine for this novel coronavirus, resulting in a race for vaccine development. To combat COVID-19, all nations must focus their efforts on widespread vaccination with an effective and safe vaccine. Globally, concerns about potential long-term adverse effects of vaccines have led to some apprehension about vaccine use. A vaccine's adverse effect has an integral role in the public's confidence and vaccine uptake. This article reviews the current primary literature regarding adverse effects associated with different COVID-19 vaccines in use worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham Ahmed Mushtaq
- Research Trainee, Mayo Clinic Health System - Southwest Minnesota Region, Mankato, Minnesota, United States
| | - Anwar Khedr
- Research Trainee, Mayo Clinic Health System - Southwest Minnesota Region, Mankato, Minnesota, United States
| | - Thoyaja Koritala
- Department of Hospital Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System - Southwest Minnesota Region, Mankato, Minnesota, United States
| | - Brian N Bartlett
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System - Southwest Minnesota Region, Mankato, Minnesota, United States
| | - Nitesh K Jain
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System - Southwest Minnesota Region, Mankato, Minnesota, United States
| | - Syed Anjum Khan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System - Southwest Minnesota Region, Mankato, Minnesota, United States
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Leonardi Vinci D, Meccio A, Provenzani A, Faggiano ME, Miljković N, Makridaki D, Horák P, Polidori P. The European COVID-19 drugs calculation tool: an aid for the estimation of the drugs needed during the SARS-CoV 2 pandemic. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2022; 29:e23-e29. [PMID: 33619027 PMCID: PMC7902324 DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2020-002633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To create an informatics supportive tool, which can assist healthcare professionals in estimating potential requirements for essential drug supplies to respond to the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic based on epidemiological forecasting. METHODS The tool was based on a Susceptible-Infected-Removed (SIR) epidemiological model in which the population is divided into three compartments and transmission parameters are specified to define the rate at which people move between stages. Appropriate data entry was guaranteed by the creation of structured guided paths. The drugs needed for the forecasted patients were estimated according to a list of critical care drugs compiled by consulting previous published scientific works, national and international guidelines. For each drug, an estimation was made of the percentage average ICU uptake for each therapeutic group and active principle. RESULTS The tool consists of a Microsoft Excel template that is based on the initial epidemiological situation, the non-pharmaceutical interventions applied, the risk of hospitalisation based on the population age distribution, and the hospital beds available. The tool provides a forecast of which patients with COVID-19 will need to be treated in a hospital setting. The number of patients is used to estimate the drugs needed based on the average daily dose and the treatment length of each drug. The possibility of editing the type of distribution (exponential or linear) of the number of patients at the beginning of the analysis, the percentage adherence with non-pharmaceutical interventions and their delayed effect, and all the key epidemiological parameters make the estimation tailorable to different clinical contexts and needs. CONCLUSIONS This model might be an effective supporting tool that could be easily implemented within the workflow of health professionals. All the information reported in this paper could be useful in developing new strategies to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Leonardi Vinci
- School of Specialization in Hospital Pharmacy, University of Palermo, Palermo, Sicilia, Italy
| | - Adriano Meccio
- Chemical Engineering, University of Palermo, Palermo, Sicilia, Italy
| | | | | | - Nenad Miljković
- Hospital Pharmacy, Institute of Orthopaedic Surgery "Banjica", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Despina Makridaki
- Pharmacy Services, "Sismanoglio- Amalia Fleming", General Hospital of Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Petr Horák
- Hospital Pharmacy, Motol University Hospital, Praha, Praha, Czech Republic
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy as an Alternative to the Treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157850. [PMID: 34360616 PMCID: PMC8346146 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) represents a current challenge for medicine due to its incidence, morbidity and mortality and, also, the absence of an optimal treatment. The COVID-19 outbreak only increased the urgent demand for an affordable, safe and effective treatment for this process. Early clinical trials suggest the therapeutic usefulness of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in acute lung injury (ALI) and ARDS. MSC-based therapies show antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, regenerative, angiogenic, antifibrotic, anti-oxidative stress and anti-apoptotic actions, which can thwart the physiopathological mechanisms engaged in ARDS. In addition, MSC secretome and their derived products, especially exosomes, may reproduce the therapeutic effects of MSC in lung injury. This last strategy of treatment could avoid several safety issues potentially associated with the transplantation of living and proliferative cell populations and may be formulated in different forms. However, the following diverse limitations must be addressed: (i) selection of the optimal MSC, bearing in mind both the heterogeneity among donors and across different histological origins, (ii) massive obtention of these biological products through genetic manipulations of the most appropriate MSC, (iii) bioreactors that allow their growth in 3D, (iv) ideal culture conditions and (v) adequate functional testing of these obtaining biological products before their clinical application.
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Efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines: a systematic review. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2021; 23. [PMID: 33691913 PMCID: PMC7969187 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2101133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate systematically the efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Clinicaltrial.gov, CNKI, Wanfang Data, China Biomedical Literature Service System, and China Clinical Trial Registry were searched for randomized controlled trials of COVID-19 vaccines published up to December 31, 2020. The Cochrane bias risk assessment tool was used to assess the quality of studies. A qualitative analysis was performed on the results of clinical trials. RESULTS Thirteen randomized, blinded, controlled trials, which involved the safety and efficacy of 11 COVID-19 vaccines, were included. In 10 studies, the 28-day seroconversion rate of subjects exceeded 80%. In two 10 000-scale clinical trials, the vaccines were effective in 95% and 70.4% of the subjects, respectively. The seroconversion rate was lower than 60% in only one study. In six studies, the proportion of subjects who had an adverse reaction within 28 days after vaccination was lower than 30%. This proportion was 30%-50% in two studies and > 50% in the other two studies. Most of the adverse reactions were mild to moderate and resolved within 24 hours after vaccination. The most common local adverse reaction was pain or tenderness at the injection site, and the most common systemic adverse reaction was fatigue, fever, or bodily pain. The immune response and incidence of adverse reactions to the vaccines were positively correlated with the dose given to the subjects. The immune response to the vaccines was worse in the elderly than in the younger population. In 6 studies that compared single-dose and double-dose vaccination, 4 studies showed that double-dose vaccination produced a stronger immune response than single-dose vaccination. CONCLUSIONS Most of the COVID-19 vaccines appear to be effective and safe. Double-dose vaccination is recommended. However, more research is needed to investigate the long-term efficacy and safety of the vaccines and the influence of dose, age, and production process on the protective efficacy.
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XING K, TU XY, LIU M, LIANG ZW, CHEN JN, LI JJ, JIANG LG, XING FQ, JIANG Y. Efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines: a systematic review. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2021; 23:221-228. [PMID: 33691913 PMCID: PMC7969187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate systematically the efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Clinicaltrial.gov, CNKI, Wanfang Data, China Biomedical Literature Service System, and China Clinical Trial Registry were searched for randomized controlled trials of COVID-19 vaccines published up to December 31, 2020. The Cochrane bias risk assessment tool was used to assess the quality of studies. A qualitative analysis was performed on the results of clinical trials. RESULTS Thirteen randomized, blinded, controlled trials, which involved the safety and efficacy of 11 COVID-19 vaccines, were included. In 10 studies, the 28-day seroconversion rate of subjects exceeded 80%. In two 10 000-scale clinical trials, the vaccines were effective in 95% and 70.4% of the subjects, respectively. The seroconversion rate was lower than 60% in only one study. In six studies, the proportion of subjects who had an adverse reaction within 28 days after vaccination was lower than 30%. This proportion was 30%-50% in two studies and > 50% in the other two studies. Most of the adverse reactions were mild to moderate and resolved within 24 hours after vaccination. The most common local adverse reaction was pain or tenderness at the injection site, and the most common systemic adverse reaction was fatigue, fever, or bodily pain. The immune response and incidence of adverse reactions to the vaccines were positively correlated with the dose given to the subjects. The immune response to the vaccines was worse in the elderly than in the younger population. In 6 studies that compared single-dose and double-dose vaccination, 4 studies showed that double-dose vaccination produced a stronger immune response than single-dose vaccination. CONCLUSIONS Most of the COVID-19 vaccines appear to be effective and safe. Double-dose vaccination is recommended. However, more research is needed to investigate the long-term efficacy and safety of the vaccines and the influence of dose, age, and production process on the protective efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai XING
- />Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China武汉大学人民医院儿科, 湖北武汉 430060
| | - Xiao-Yan TU
- />Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China武汉大学人民医院儿科, 湖北武汉 430060
| | - Miao LIU
- />Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China武汉大学人民医院儿科, 湖北武汉 430060
| | - Zhang-Wu LIANG
- />Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China武汉大学人民医院儿科, 湖北武汉 430060
| | - Jiang-Nan CHEN
- />Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China武汉大学人民医院儿科, 湖北武汉 430060
| | - Jiao-Jiao LI
- />Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China武汉大学人民医院儿科, 湖北武汉 430060
| | - Li-Guo JIANG
- />Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China武汉大学人民医院儿科, 湖北武汉 430060
| | - Fu-Qiang XING
- />Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China武汉大学人民医院儿科, 湖北武汉 430060
| | - Yi JIANG
- />Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China武汉大学人民医院儿科, 湖北武汉 430060
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Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Secretome in the Treatment of SARS-CoV-2-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 2020:1939768. [PMID: 33274176 PMCID: PMC7678745 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1939768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent responsible for the development of a new coronavirus disease (COVID-19), is a highly transmittable virus which, in just ten months, infected more than 40 million people in 214 countries worldwide. After inhalation, aerosols containing SARS-CoV-2 penetrate to the depths of the lungs and cause severe pneumonia, alveolar injury, and life-threatening acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Since there are no specific drugs or vaccines available to cure or prevent COVID-19 infection and COVID-19-related ARDS, a new therapeutic agent which will support oxygen supply and, at the same time, efficiently alleviate SARS-CoV-2-induced lung inflammation is urgently needed. Due to their potent immuno- and angiomodulatory characteristics, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may increase oxygen supply in the lungs and may efficiently alleviate ongoing lung inflammation, including SARS-CoV-2-induced ARDS. In this review article, we described molecular mechanisms that are responsible for MSC-based modulation of immune cells which play a pathogenic role in the development of SARS-CoV-2-induced ARDS and we provided a brief outline of already conducted and ongoing clinical studies that increase our understanding about the therapeutic potential of MSCs and their secretome in the therapy of COVID-19-related ARDS.
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Campos DMDO, Fulco UL, de Oliveira CBS, Oliveira JIN. SARS-CoV-2 virus infection: Targets and antiviral pharmacological strategies. J Evid Based Med 2020; 13:255-260. [PMID: 33058394 PMCID: PMC7675315 DOI: 10.1111/jebm.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Umberto Laino Fulco
- Department of Biophysics and PharmacologyFederal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do NorteBrazil
| | | | - Jonas Ivan Nobre Oliveira
- Department of Biophysics and PharmacologyFederal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do NorteBrazil
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Damiani I, Corsini A, Bellosta S. Potential statin drug interactions in elderly patients: a review. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2020; 16:1133-1145. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2020.1822324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Damiani
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Corsini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Bellosta
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
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