The behavior issues of preschoolers are closely related to their parents' parenting styles. This editorial discusses the value and strategies for solving behavior issues in preschoolers from the perspectives of mindfulness and mindful parenting. We expect that upcoming studies will place greater emphasis on the behavioral concerns of preschoolers and the parenting practices that shape them, particularly focusing on proactive interventions for preschoolers' behavioral issues.

Risk and protective factors play crucial roles in shaping problem behavior, substance use, and mental health outcomes among adolescents. The study aims to examine the risk and protective factors and their association with emotional and behavioral problems among school-going tribal adolescents in Meghalaya, India.

This study employed a cross-sectional design, utilizing a simple random sampling method to select schools from the Ri-Bhoi district (Nongpoh town) and East Khasi Hills district (Shillong cantonment area) of Meghalaya. A total of 450 students participated in the survey, out of which 300 students belonged to tribal ethnicity. The study focused on school-going adolescents with tribal ethnicity, aged 13-19 years, encompassing both genders (male and female). Participation in the study required both parental consent and the adolescent's assent. The Communities That Care Youth Survey (CTC-YS) and the Strength and Difficulty Questionnaires (SDQ), scale were administered.

The findings highlighted significant risk factors including laws and norms favorable to drug use, community disorganization, poor family management, and low school commitment. Protective factors such as opportunities for prosocial involvement were evident across all domains. Family conflict, family history of antisocial behavior, and parental overcontrol were significant contributors (P < 0.05) to total difficulty scores. Among individual risk factors, "Interaction with anti-social peers" (P = 0.009) and "Intentions to use substance" (P = 0.021) had significant associations with higher difficulty scores. The overall prevalence of mental health problems, as indicated by the total difficulty score, was 31.3% among school-going tribal adolescents.

The high prevalence of mental health problems, especially among tribal adolescents, underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions. By addressing these factors, policymakers and stakeholders can work toward fostering healthier outcomes for tribal adolescents in Meghalaya and similar communities.

Lifestyle and habits, cardiovascular risk factors (CRF), bone and mental health, dietary habits, physical activity, among others are developed in childhood and adolescence. Family environment has shown to play an important role in these outcomes. However, whether the parent-child relationship lifestyle habits and health parameters can be influenced by physical activity patterns still unclear. The objective of this study will be to monitor and investigate the associations between lifestyle habits between parents and their children longitudinally, as well as verify whether in more active parents, the possible associations with lifestyle habits are different from those of parents considered less active.

The sample will consist of parents (father, mother, or both) and their children /adolescents. The participants will be recruited through public call by flyers spread across all the regions of the city and also through social media. The health parameters will include cardiovascular (cardiac autonomic modulation, blood pressure and resting heart rate), bone mineral density, anthropometric indices, handgrip strength, mental health (quality of life, anxiety and depression symptoms and stress), self-reported morbidities and musculoskeletal pain. Lifestyle habits will include physical activity levels, sedentary behavior, sleep parameters, eating patterns, smoking and alcohol consumption. Sociodemographic variables of age, sex, ethnicity and socioeconomic status will be considered as covariates. The follow-up visits of data collection will be scheduled after a period of 12 months from the baseline assessment during every twelve months.

The family environment has great potential to determine lifestyle habits in children and adolescents. Based on the results presented in the present study, we hope that health promotion actions can be better designed in the family environment.

Associations between parental anxiety and adolescent internet addiction have been documented in the literature; however, few studies have analyzed the role of the family environment in this relationship. This study aims to explore the relationship between parental anxiety and adolescent internet addiction while also investigating the indirect relationships involving multiple dimensions of the family environment and child emotional behavior issues.

Surveys were conducted among 6,296 parent-child pairs. We administered SDQ, CIAS-R, and FES-CV to assess adolescents' issues and internet addiction, and evaluate family environment. Additionally, parents completed GAD-7 to assess parental anxiety levels.Results: Correlation analysis revealed that the family environment and adolescent emotional behavior issues played an indirect relationship in the link between parental anxiety and internet addiction.

The findings emphasize the importance of addressing parental anxiety and fostering a positive family environment as effective measures to alleviate adolescent emotional behavior problems and reduce the risk of internet addiction.

Research has indicated that maternal anxiety does have an effect on infant temperament. Therefore, it is important to study the variables that could play a role in this relationship. In this study, we propose that mindful parenting could act as a mediator in this relationship. Thus, the main objective was to evaluate the relationship between maternal anxiety and child temperament (i.e., negative affectivity, surgency, and effortful control) through the mindful parenting of mothers. Mothers (N = 225) self-reported their anxiety, mindful parenting use, and the temperament of their old infants (aged 4-18 months). First, the reliability and validity results showed that the infant version of the Interpersonal Mindful Parenting questionnaire was a good tool for the assessment of mindful parenting among parents with infants. The five-factor structure of the questionnaire was confirmed; it involved self-regulation in the parenting relationship, listening with full attention, emotional awareness of the child, compassion for the child, and non-judgmental acceptance of parenting behavior. Correlational analyses showed that maternal anxiety was related to negative affectivity and effortful control in infants. Furthermore, mediational analyses indicated that the relation between maternal anxiety and infant negative affectivity was mediated by self-regulation in parenting and the emotional awareness of the child. In addition, the relation between maternal anxiety and infant effortful control was mediated by compassion for the child and listening with full attention. These results contribute to knowledge about the relation between maternal anxiety and child temperament, which may increase the risk of psychological symptoms. The results of this study suggest that promoting mindful parenting skills may be beneficial for affectivity and effortful control in infants.