• dyspnea
• leiomyosarcoma
• lymphadenopathy
• male
• thyroid gland

• Papillary thyroid cancer
• Primary leiomyosarcoma
• Primary thyroid soft tissue tumor
• Thyroid leiomyosarcoma
• Thyroid nodules

• ear
• nose and throat/otolaryngology
• pathology
• thyroid disease

• fine needle aspiration cytology
• malignancy
• nonepithelial tumors
• rare thyroid entities
• sarcoma
• thyroid nodules

• Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
• Combined Modality Therapy
• Doxorubicin/administration & dosage
• Esophagectomy/methods
• Esophagus/pathology
• Esophagus/surgery
• Humans
• Ifosfamide/administration & dosage
• Leiomyosarcoma/diagnosis
• Leiomyosarcoma/drug therapy
• Leiomyosarcoma/pathology
• Leiomyosarcoma/surgery
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Neoplasm Invasiveness
• Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy
• Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Thyroid Neoplasms/drug therapy
• Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
• Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery
• Thyroidectomy

• Thyroid leiomyosarcoma
• thyroid malignancy
• thyroid tumour
• thyroidectomy

Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) of the thyroid gland is a rarely presented tumor that offers poor prognosis. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there currently exist only 28 known cases described in the literature (limited to English).

Herein a case is reported of a 60-year-old female patient who had an LMS of the thyroid, which was accompanied by periodic dysphonia and breathing disorder as well as the feeling of pressure in the chest and neck. At the time the disease was diagnosed, no metastases were detected. Prior to the diagnosis, the patient experienced a uterine adenocarcinoma that had been treated by surgical procedure and radiotherapy. For the LMS, a total thyroidectomy was performed, followed by radiotherapy. Since metastases were also discovered in the lungs, sternum, and femur, chemotherapy was administered as well. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells in the thyroid indicated positively for alpha smooth muscle actin, calponin, and H-caldesmon, but were negative for CD34, p63, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and Epstein-Barr virus.

Although the etiology of the LMS is as of yet unknown, prior malignancy and radiation should be considered as risk factors.

• Thyroid
• Leiomyosarcoma
• Smooth muscle tumor
• Radiotherapy
• Thyroidectomy
• Case report

Primary thyroid leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a rare tumor type with an unusual location, the diagnosis is based entirely on histological and immunohistochemical evaluations. In the present study, a rare case of a 74-year-old female patient who exhibited a right anterior neck mass for 12 months, which rapidly enlarged for the last 3 months. Ultrasound of the thyroid revealed a 55×42 mm hypoechoic mass with clear margins in the right lobe. Histological examination of the tumor demonstrated malignant spindle cells in interlacing fascicles and whorls. Additionally, nuclear pleomorphism, tumor giant cells, necrosis and abnormal mitotic figures were observed. The immunohistochemistry indicated that the tumor cells were strongly positive for smooth muscle actin, desmin, p53 and vimentin expression, but negative for cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, thyroid transcription factor-1, paired box-8, 34βE12, cytokeratin 5/6, cluster of differentiation (CD)117, myoglobin, S100, p16. The final histopathological diagnosis was primary thyroid LMS.

• immunohistochemistry
• leiomyosarcoma
• spindle cell tumors
• thyroid gland

Primary thyroid leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is an extremely rare soft tissue cancer; only 22 cases have been reported in the literature to date. In the current study, the case of an 83-year-old male patient who presented with a neck mass that had grown rapidly over the previous 3 months is reported. The patient underwent thyroid lobectomy twice and two cycles of immunotherapy for the treatment of primary thyroid LMS; however, he succumbed to the disease 5 months after the second surgery. An accurate diagnosis of primary thyroid LMS is difficult, as the disease is often misdiagnosed as anaplastic carcinoma, and requires the combined assessment of clinical, imaging and pathological data. Diagnosis of the current patient with primary thyroid LMS and a comprehensive review of the relevant literature are presented herein.

• diagnosis
• histopathology
• leiomyosarcoma
• therapy
• thyroid neoplasms

Leiomyosarcoma is a tumor which is rarely seen in the thyroid gland. The diagnosis may be difficult and the treatment is controversial.

The objective of the study is to review the literature about a rare malignant disease of the thyroid gland which has high mortality.

Two cases of thyroid leiomyosarcoma are presented and the previous 23 cases in the current literature are reviewed.

A total of 25 cases of thyroid leiomyosarcoma are reviewed; the most common complaint was rapidly growing anterior neck mass, and ten of the 25 patients had distant metastasis at the initial admission. Fifteen of the 25 patients died with the disease in the first 12 months after the diagnosis.

The differential diagnosis of thyroid leiomyosarcoma is important and should be performed with other malignancies of the gland, especially with anaplastic carcinoma. The prognosis is poor and there is no consensus regarding the treatment.

• Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma
• Carcinoma anaplásico da tireoide
• Leiomiossarcoma
• Leiomyosarcoma
• Sarcomas
• Thyroid
• Tiroide

• Diagnosis, Differential
• Female
• Humans
• Leiomyosarcoma/diagnosis
• Leiomyosarcoma/surgery
• Middle Aged
• Rare Diseases
• Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery
• Thyroidectomy

Primary leiomyosarcomas of the thyroid gland are extremely rare. we report a case of a 72 year-old women with a painful growing mass of the left neck with skin fistula. The patient underwent a lobectomy. The tumor histology showed spindle-shaped cells arranged in interlacing fascicles that expressed desmine and Hcaldesmone, but were negative for cytokeratins and thyroglobulin. Total body CT scan didnt show any other tumor. The patient died two months after surgery. Primary thyroid leiomyosarcoma may be mistaken for other tumors, such as anaplastic or medullary carcinomas. Therefore, the diagnosis is difficult and requires numerous clinical, radiological, and pathological investigations.

• Aged
• Biopsy, Fine-Needle
• Female
• Humans
• Immunohistochemistry/methods
• Leiomyosarcoma/diagnosis
• Leiomyosarcoma/therapy
• Necrosis
• Neoplasm Metastasis
• Thyroid Gland/metabolism
• Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Thyroid Neoplasms/therapy
• Thyroidectomy
• Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
• Treatment Outcome

• Aged
• Female
• Humans
• Leiomyosarcoma/diagnosis
• Leiomyosarcoma/diagnostic imaging
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
• Tomography, X-Ray Computed
• Ultrasonography