|
1
|
Yan R, Gao J. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with bilateral internal jugular vein tumour thrombus formation: a case report. BJR Case Rep 2025; 11:uaaf021. [PMID: 40236953 PMCID: PMC11997655 DOI: 10.1093/bjrcr/uaaf021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2025] [Accepted: 03/15/2025] [Indexed: 04/17/2025] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a highly aggressive thyroid malignancy, comprising 1%-4% of thyroid cancers, with rapid local invasion and distant metastasis. We report a 57-year-old male with ATC presenting with a neck mass, hoarseness, and dysphagia. Imaging showed cancer thrombus in bilateral internal jugular veins, with a biopsy confirming ATC. This case highlights the imaging and pathological features of ATC and emphasizes the importance of ultrasound in evaluating intravascular cancer thrombus, aiding accurate diagnosis and management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqian Yan
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis Abdomen, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China
| | - Junxi Gao
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis Abdomen, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Cameron C, Tong JY, Patel S, Foreman A, Selva D. Disseminated thrombosis of the internal jugular vein, superior ophthalmic vein and cavernous sinus as the primary manifestation of occult malignancy: a case report. Orbit 2024; 43:505-510. [PMID: 36995033 DOI: 10.1080/01676830.2023.2186436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Internal jugular vein (IJV) thrombosis is a life-threatening condition most often associated with local risk factors such as head or neck infection or central venous catheterisation. Underlying malignancy is a rare but important aetiology to consider in patients presenting with spontaneous IJV thrombosis. We describe a case of necrotic cervical lymphadenopathy with thrombosis of the IJVs, cavernous sinuses and superior ophthalmic veins in a patient with metastatic squamous cell carcinoma, which was further complicated by an orbital compartment syndrome. The differential diagnosis of IJV thrombosis includes a range of infective, metastatic and thrombophilic pathologies. This case illustrates that, in the absence of an underlying precipitating factor, spontaneous IJV thrombosis should prompt further systemic investigations. Furthermore, patients with thrombotic events affecting the orbital venous drainage system should be monitored closely for signs of an acute orbital compartment syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cassie Cameron
- Discipline of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jessica Y Tong
- Discipline of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, The Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sandy Patel
- Department of Radiology, The Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Foreman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dinesh Selva
- Discipline of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, The Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Gui Y, Wang JY, Wei XD. Middle thyroid vein tumor thrombus in metastatic papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: A case report and review of literature. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:3213-3221. [PMID: 35647132 PMCID: PMC9082703 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i10.3213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) is not considered a threatening tumor, in some cases, it can be aggressive. Metastatic thrombosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma, follicular thyroid carcinoma, Hürthle cell carcinoma, poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma have been reported in the literature, but there have been no reports about PTMC.
CASE SUMMARY A 45-year-old woman presented with a thyroid mass and thrombosis in a middle thyroid vein during a physical examination. She had no symptoms, and the physical examination showed no positive signs. Subsequent ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy results indicated an atypical lesion of ambiguous significance, with some actively growing cells (TBSRTC III) and the BRAFV600E mutation not present. This patient underwent left thyroidectomy, isthmus lobectomy, prophylactic central lymph node dissection and thromboembolectomy. Postoperative pathology showed papillary microcarcinoma of the left thyroid, and the thrombus in the middle thyroid vein was a tumor thrombus.
CONCLUSION Middle thyroid vein tumor thrombus is an extremely rare condition in PTMC, but it does exist. Lobectomy and thromboembolectomy may be an option for patients with thrombi in the middle vein of the thyroid, and we strongly suggest close follow-up of these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gui
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jun-Yi Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xu-Dong Wei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
4
|
Desjardins B, Hanley M, Steigner ML, Aghayev A, Azene EM, Bennett SJ, Chandra A, Hedgire SS, Lo BM, Mauro DM, Ptak T, Singh-Bhinder N, Suranyi PS, Verma N, Dill KE. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Suspected Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis. J Am Coll Radiol 2020; 17:S315-S322. [PMID: 32370975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This publication includes the appropriate imaging modalities to assess suspected deep vein thrombosis in the upper extremities. Ultrasound duplex Doppler is the most appropriate imaging modality to assess upper-extremity deep vein thrombosis. It is a noninvasive test, which can be performed at the bedside and used for serial evaluations. Ultrasound can also directly identify thrombus by visualizing echogenic material in the vein and by lack of compression of the vein walls from manual external pressure. It can indirectly identify thrombus from altered blood-flow patterns. It is most appropriate in the evaluation of veins peripheral to the brachiocephalic vein. CT venography and MR venography are not first-line imaging tests, but are appropriate to assess the central venous structures, or to assess the full range of venous structures from the hand to the right atrium. Catheter venography is appropriate if therapy is required. Radionuclide venography and chest radiography are usually not appropriate to assess upper-extremity deep vein thrombosis. The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed annually by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and revision include an extensive analysis of current medical literature from peer reviewed journals and the application of well-established methodologies (RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation or GRADE) to rate the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures for specific clinical scenarios. In those instances where evidence is lacking or equivocal, expert opinion may supplement the available evidence to recommend imaging or treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Hanley
- Panel Chair, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | | | - Ayaz Aghayev
- Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Ankur Chandra
- Scripps Green Hospital, La Jolla, California; Society for Vascular Surgery
| | - Sandeep S Hedgire
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bruce M Lo
- Sentara Norfolk General/Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia; American College of Emergency Physicians
| | - David M Mauro
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Thomas Ptak
- University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Pal S Suranyi
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | | | - Karin E Dill
- Specialty Chair, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
|
5
|
Xu MS, Li J, Wiseman SM. Major vessel invasion by thyroid cancer: a comprehensive review. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2018; 19:191-203. [DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2019.1559059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Xu
- Department of Surgery, St. Paul’s Hospital & University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jennifer Li
- Department of Surgery, St. Paul’s Hospital & University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sam M. Wiseman
- Department of Surgery, St. Paul’s Hospital & University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
|
6
|
Bhargav PRK, Chandra TS, Srikanth K, Kumar KS, Ravikanth K, Vimala N. Resection of Unresectable Stage IVB Thyroid Cancer Encasing the Carotid Artery. Indian J Surg 2016; 77:1413-4. [PMID: 27011583 DOI: 10.1007/s12262-014-1166-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stage IVB thyroid cancer includes carotid encasement or infiltration of the prevertebral fascia and mediastinal vessels. Stage IVB disease is considered unresectable due to grave consequences of attempting resection. We report a rare case of carotid artery engulfment being resected uneventfully without carotid resection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P R K Bhargav
- Endocare Hospital, Dornakal Road, Suryaraopeta, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh 520002 India ; Mamata Medical College, Khammam, Hyderabad India
| | - T Satish Chandra
- Endocare Hospital, Dornakal Road, Suryaraopeta, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh 520002 India
| | - K Srikanth
- Endocare Hospital, Dornakal Road, Suryaraopeta, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh 520002 India
| | - K Sunil Kumar
- Endocare Hospital, Dornakal Road, Suryaraopeta, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh 520002 India
| | - K Ravikanth
- Endocare Hospital, Dornakal Road, Suryaraopeta, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh 520002 India
| | - N Vimala
- Endocare Hospital, Dornakal Road, Suryaraopeta, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh 520002 India
| |
Collapse
|
|
7
|
Birch A, Um D, Laselle B. Ultrasound detection of superior vena cava thrombus. West J Emerg Med 2015; 15:715-8. [PMID: 25247051 PMCID: PMC4162737 DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2014.6.14006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome is most commonly the insidious result of decreased vascular flow through the SVC due to malignancy, spontaneous thrombus, infections, and iatrogenic etiologies. Clinical suspicion usually leads to computed tomography to confirm the diagnosis. However, when a patient in respiratory distress requires emergent airway management, travel outside the emergency department is not ideal. With the growing implementation of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS), clinicians may make critical diagnoses rapidly and safely. We present a case of SVC syndrome due to extensive thrombosis of the deep venous system cephalad to the SVC diagnosed by POCUS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Birch
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington
| | - David Um
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington
| | - Brooks Laselle
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington
| |
Collapse
|
|
8
|
Mediastinal B-cell lymphoma presenting with jugular-subclavian deep vein thrombosis as the first presentation. Case Rep Vasc Med 2015; 2015:929127. [PMID: 25821628 PMCID: PMC4364112 DOI: 10.1155/2015/929127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Jugular venous thrombosis infrequently could be secondary to malignancy and has seldom been reported secondary to mediastinal large B-cell lymphomas. The postulated mechanisms are mechanical compression that leads to stagnation of blood in the venous system of the neck and/or an increase in the circulating thrombogenic elements that could cause venous thromboembolism as a paraneoplastic phenomenon. We report the case of a middle aged male presenting with right sided neck pain and arm swelling secondary to ipsilateral jugular-subclavian deep vein thrombosis. Investigations revealed it to be secondary to a mediastinal mass shown on CT scan of the chest.
Collapse
|
|
9
|
Tumor thromboembolization into the internal jugular vein through its draining vein: A preoperative radiologic feature of high-risk thyroid cancer. Surgery 2014; 155:196-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
|
10
|
Basu S, Pantvaidya G, Malvadkar S. Excellent response to combined radioiodine and enoxaparin in the setting of tumor venous thrombosis from differentiated thyroid carcinoma involving internal jugular and subclavian veins. Future Oncol 2013; 9:1813-8. [PMID: 24295411 DOI: 10.2217/fon.13.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A striking clinical, radiological and tumor marker response obtained with a combined approach of radioiodine (I-131; single fraction) coupled with subcutaneous enoxaparin (a low-molecular-weight heparin) in the setting of differentiated thyroid carcinoma with jugular vein tumor thrombosis and metastatic pulmonary disease is described in this article. Pulmonary metastases, a frequent accompaniment in this group of patients, also demonstrated remarkable response with a single fraction of I-131. The proposed approach of combining targeted I-131 therapy with the antithrombotic effect of low-molecular-weight heparin in patients with thyroid cancer with documented tumor venous thrombosis is likely to produce a synergistic effect, with a dramatic clinical response that requires a minimal I-131 dose. The noninvasive nature and ease of the approach, which has an impressive response and findings, calls for administering this therapeutic option more in such patients in the future. This could lead to the development of an effective treatment strategy in these patients based upon generated evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Basu
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Tata Memorial Hospital Annexe, Jerbai Wadia Road, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
11
|
Hemeoxygenase-1 mediated hypercoagulability in a patient with thyroid cancer. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2013; 24:663-5. [DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0b013e328363ab86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
|
12
|
Smallridge RC, Ain KB, Asa SL, Bible KC, Brierley JD, Burman KD, Kebebew E, Lee NY, Nikiforov YE, Rosenthal MS, Shah MH, Shaha AR, Tuttle RM. American Thyroid Association guidelines for management of patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer. Thyroid 2012; 22:1104-39. [PMID: 23130564 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2012.0302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 498] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare but highly lethal form of thyroid cancer. Rapid evaluation and establishment of treatment goals are imperative for optimum patient management and require a multidisciplinary team approach. Here we present guidelines for the management of ATC. The development of these guidelines was supported by the American Thyroid Association (ATA), which requested the authors, members the ATA Taskforce for ATC, to independently develop guidelines for ATC. METHODS Relevant literature was reviewed, including serial PubMed searches supplemented with additional articles. The quality and strength of recommendations were adapted from the Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of Physicians, which in turn was developed by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation workshop. RESULTS The guidelines include the diagnosis, initial evaluation, establishment of treatment goals, approaches to locoregional disease (surgery, radiotherapy, systemic therapy, supportive care during active therapy), approaches to advanced/metastatic disease, palliative care options, surveillance and long-term monitoring, and ethical issues including end of life. The guidelines include 65 recommendations. CONCLUSIONS These are the first comprehensive guidelines for ATC and provide recommendations for management of this extremely aggressive malignancy. Patients with stage IVA/IVB resectable disease have the best prognosis, particularly if a multimodal approach (surgery, radiation, systemic therapy) is used, and some stage IVB unresectable patients may respond to aggressive therapy. Patients with stage IVC disease should be considered for a clinical trial or hospice/palliative care, depending upon their preference.
Collapse
|
|
13
|
ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Suspected Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis. J Am Coll Radiol 2012; 9:613-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2012.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
|
14
|
Kobayashi K, Hirokawa M, Yabuta T, Fukushima M, Kihara M, Higashiyama T, Tomoda C, Takamura Y, Ito Y, Miya A, Amino N, Miyauchi A. Tumor thrombus of thyroid malignancies in veins: importance of detection by ultrasonography. Thyroid 2011; 21:527-31. [PMID: 21476893 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2010.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor thrombus in the thyroid vein or the internal jugular vein may be caused by thyroid malignancies. Therefore, a tumor thrombus is very suspicious for malignancy. Total thyroidectomy should be performed in such patients if there is a primary thyroid tumor, and a high probability of pulmonary metastasis seems likely as there is direct exposure of malignant cells to the circulation. Our study was performed to determine whether ultrasonography is an effective preoperative modality to detect tumor thrombi of thyroid malignancies and whether tumor thrombi are associated with pulmonary metastases. METHODS Between 2004 and 2009, all thyroid surgery patients at Kuma Hospital had preoperative neck ultrasonography to look for tumor thrombi in the thyroid veins and the internal jugular veins as well as thyroid masses and abnormal lymph nodes. We looked for solid masses with an echogenic "tongue" in the internal jugular vein and masses with a projection from thyroid tumor to the thyroid vein on grayscale ultrasonography. We also used Doppler ultrasonography to look for the absence of blood flow. RESULTS Among 7754 patients who had thyroid surgery, there were 9 patients with tumor thrombi. In seven of the patients, tumor thrombi were detected by preoperative ultrasound, and in the remaining two patients, tumor thrombi were detected during surgery. Tumor thrombi were identified in the internal jugular vein in six patients and in the thyroid vein in three patients. Pulmonary metastases were present in three patients (50% of the patients with thyroid carcinoma). The patients with tumor thrombi were more likely (33.3%) to have pulmonary metastasis than those without (0.9%) tumor thrombi (p < 0.0001). In four patients with papillary carcinoma, projection-like lesions of irregularly shaped tumors were misdiagnosed to be tumor thrombi in the thyroid veins on preoperative ultrasound. These four patients did not have pulmonary metastases. CONCLUSIONS The preoperative detection of a tumor thrombus on ultrasonography has important clinical significance. Therefore, preoperative neck ultrasound in patients with thyroid masses should attempt to determine whether there are signs of tumor thrombi as well as to characterize the nature and location of abnormal thyroid and extrathyroid masses.
Collapse
|
|
15
|
Incidental detection of internal jugular vein thrombosis secondary to undiagnosed benign substernal goiter. Case Rep Med 2010; 2010. [PMID: 20814560 PMCID: PMC2931408 DOI: 10.1155/2010/645193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Revised: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Internal jugular vein thrombosis is a serious event with potentially fatal outcome, where the clinical symptoms may be vague or absent. This paper refers to a rare case where routine carotid Doppler ultrasound prior to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and aortic valve replacement (AVR) in a 76-year-old man, incidentally revealed thrombosis of the right internal jugular vein. Thoracic CT demonstrated an underlying, large, benign substernal multinodular goiter, mainly involving the right lobe, causing compression and displacement of the great vessels. A successful, one-stage operation including ligation of the internal jugular vein to avoid pulmonary embolism and hemithyroidectomy, combined with the scheduled CABG and AVR, was performed.
This case illustrates that benign substernal goiter may be associated with asymptomatic internal jugular vein thrombosis. Carotid Doppler ultrasound should involve evaluation of the internal jugular vein concerning thrombosis as its presence may reveal space-occupying lesions in the thorax.
Collapse
|
|
16
|
Fotis T, Konstantinou E, Mariolis-Sapsakos T, Mitsos A, Restos S, Katsenis K, Elefsiniotis I, Kapellakis G. Solitary internal jugular vein invasion by thyroid carcinoma: Resection and reconstruction. JOURNAL OF VASCULAR NURSING 2009; 27:46-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvn.2009.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Revised: 01/29/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
|
17
|
Teker AM, Lorenz RR, Lee WT, Hoschar A. Regional spread of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the face via facial vein tumor thrombus: a case report. Am J Otolaryngol 2008; 29:423-5. [PMID: 19144305 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2007.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2007] [Accepted: 10/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck most often spreads via direct extension or through lymphatics to regional lymph nodes. This is a unique case of a cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal dorsum with direct vascular invasion of the facial vein. This was initially incorrectly identified as a regional level Ib lymph node metastases, and the intervening venous structures were neither extirpated during an initial surgery nor recognized during subsequent radiation therapy. The patient then presented with a sizable recurrence in the right suborbital subcutaneous tissue region extending into the neck and internal jugular vein. During further resection, direct tumor invasion into the facial vein was pathologically confirmed. This unusual involvement is presented as the first documented report of regional spread via tumor thrombosis within the facial vein as demonstrated in the facial vein with a tumor thrombus, as demonstrated by computed tomography and microscopic findings.
Collapse
|
|
18
|
Uzun K, Erkoç R, Yuca K, Etlik Ö, Doğan E, Sayarlıoğlu H, İşlek A, Çankaya H. INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN THROMBOSIS TWO DIFFERENT ETIOLOGIES. ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE 2005. [DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/82324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
|
19
|
Gross M, Mintz Y, Maly B, Pinchas R, Muggia-Sullam M. Internal jugular vein tumor thrombus associated with thyroid carcinoma. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2004; 113:738-40. [PMID: 15453533 DOI: 10.1177/000348940411300912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid carcinoma usually presents as an asymptomatic thyroid nodule. Thyroid cancer may show microscopic vascular invasion; however, internal jugular vein tumor thrombus is a rare complication of thyroid cancer. A unique case of internal jugular vein tumor thrombus associated with thyroid carcinoma is presented and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Menachem Gross
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|