MicroRNAs in lung cancer

Table 1 MicroRNAs in resistance

miRNAs	Target	Drug/ Treatment	R/S	Ref.
miR-9, let-7g	NFκB1	Radiotherapy	S	[66]
miR-34b	BCL2	Radiotherapy	S	[67]
miR-214	N/A; PTEN	Radiotherapy; gefitinib	R	[68,88]
miR-155	FOXO3A; Apaf-1	Radiotherapy; cisplatin	R	[69,78]
miR-210	Stabilizes HIF-1A in normoxia	Radiotherapy	R	[70]
miR-181	N/A	Cisplatin	S	[72]
miR-451	N/A	Cisplatin	S	[73]
miR-98	TP53	Cisplatin	R	[74]
miR-497	BCL2	Multiple drugs	S	[75]
miR-200b	BCL2, XIAP; E2F3	Cisplatin; docetaxel	S	[76,86]
miR-21	PTEN, BCL2	Cisplatin	R	[79]
miR-135a	APC	Paclitaxel	R	[82]
miR-100	Plk1	Docetaxel	S	[85]
miR-337-3p	STAT3, RAP1A	Paclitaxel and	S	[87]
		docetaxel
miR-221, miR-222	P27kip1	TRAIL	R	[91]
miR-130a	MET	TRAIL	S	[92]
miR-212	PED	TRAIL	S	[93]

R: Resistance; S: Sensitivity; XIAP: X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein; STAT3: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; RAP1A: Ras-related protein Rap-1A; MET: met proto-oncogene (hepatocyte growth factor receptor); PED: Astrocytic phosphoprotein PEA-15; FOXO3A: Forkhead box O3; N/A: Not available; p27kip1: Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B.

Table 2 MicroRNA in diagnosis and prognosis. Traditional methods of diagnosing and evaluating lung cancer and their corresponding potential microRNA biomarkers

	Traditional Procedures	Possible microRNA biomarkers
Diagnosis
Detect abnormalities	X-ray, CT scan	21
Confirm malignancy	Biopsy, sputum/fluid cytology	let-7, 29a, 34c, 205, 375
Prognosis
Staging	CT scan, PET, MRI	21, 125b, 155, 182/183
Mutational status	Sequencing, PCR, microarray	21, 155

CT: Computed tomography; PET: Positron emission tomography; PCR: Polymerase chain reaction; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging.

Table 3 MicroRNAs with potential relevance to common types of lung cancer treatment

Treatment	Potential prognostic biomarkers	Potential role in resistance
Surgery	Let-7, 21
Radiotherapy	155, 210	Let-7g, 9, 34, 155, 210, 214
Chemotherapy	21, 125b	21, 30b/c, 98, 100, 103, 130a, 135a, 155, 181, 200b, 203, 212, 214, 221/222, 337, 451, 453, 494, 630