Phenomenology of obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents: Sample from a tertiary care center in Istanbul, Turkey

Table 1 Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of children according to age group

Socio-demographic characteristics	Prepubertal	Postpubertal	Overall	Statistical analysis
	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)
Sex (male)	40 (60.6)	43 (51.2)	83 (55.3)	χ2 = 1.326, P = 0.250
Educational level of mother
Secondary school and lower	24 (32.9)	40 (54.1)	73 (49.7)	χ2 = 6.704, P = 0.0101
High school and above	49 (67.1)	34 (45.9)	74 (50.3)
Employment status of mother	16 (24,6)	13 (15.5)	29 (19.5)	χ2 = 1.953, P = 0.162
Educational level of father
Secondary school and lower	20 (35.1)	44 (51.2)	57 (39.9)	χ2 = 3.583, P = 0.058
High school and above	37 (64.9)	42 (48.8)	86 (60.1)
Employment status of father	63 (96.9)	67 (82.7)	130 (89.0)	χ2 = 7.459, P = 0.0061
Parents live together	62 (93.9)	73 (86.9)	135 (90.0)	χ2 = 2.032, P = 0.154
Consanguinity	13 (19.7)	21 (25.0)	34 (22.7)	χ2 = 0.593, P = 0.441
Mental disorder in 1st degree relatives	24 (36.4)	29 (34.5)	53 (35.3)	χ2 = 0.055, P = 0.815
Comorbid psychopathology	48 (72.7)	53 (63.1)	101 (63.3)	χ2 = 1.559, P = 0.212
Anxiety disordersa	22 (33.3)	29 (34.5)	51 (34.0)	χ2 = 0.023, P = 0.879
Disruptive behavioral disordersb	23 (34.8)	18 (21.4)	41 (27.3)	χ2 = 3.351, P = 0.067
Neurodevelopmental disordersc	20 (30.3)	16 (19.0)	36 (24.0)	χ2 = 2.567, P = 0.109
Mood disorders (major depressive disorder)	1 (1.5)	6 (7.1)	7 (4.7)	χ2 = 2.631, P = 0.105
	mean ± SD
Age gap between mother and father	3.34 ± 2.75	4.54 ± 4.18	4.00 ± 3.26	t = -1.736, P = 0.085
Birth order	1.69 ± 0.86	2.17 ± 1.37	1.95 ± 1.19	t = -2.444, P = 0.0161

¹Indicates emphasis of significance.

^aGeneralized anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, specific phobias and panic disorder.

^bAttention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder.

^cArticulation/phonation disorders, mental retardation, autism spectrum disorders, dyslexia and tic disorder.

SD: Standard deviation.

Table 2 Clinical Global Impression-Severity and Clinical Global Impression-Improvement scores of the children

CGI-S1			CGI-I2
Score	Remark	%	Score	Remark	%
2	Borderline mentally ill	5.0	1	Very much improved	39.1
3	Mildly ill	19.3	2	Much improved	24.3
4	Moderately ill	54.3	3	Minimally improved	25.2
5	Markedly ill	19.3	4	No change	6.1
6	Severely ill	2.1	5	Minimally worsened	5.2

¹Evaluated in the first session (baseline).

²Evaluated in the last session (post-treatment).

CGI-S: Clinical Global Impression-severity score; CGI-I: Clinical Global Impression-global improvement score.

Table 3 Regression model indicating variables affecting response to treatment in children with obsessive-compulsive disorder

Independent variables	Non-standardized coefficients		Standardized coefficients	P	Confidence interval 95%	t
	β	Standard error	β
CGI-S	0.259	0.070	0.289	< 0.001	(0.121)-(0.397)	3.719
Age of admission1	0.507	0.238	0.165	0.035	(0.036)-(0.878)	2.127
R = 0.336; F = 9.347; P < 0.001; Durbin-Watson = 1.925

¹Age of admission was divided into two groups as prepubertal and postpubertal and categorically included in the analysis. CGI-S: Clinical Global Impression-severity score.