Noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring of septic shock in children

Figure 3 Stroke volume is considered as the volume of a virtual cylinder of blood ejected each beat out of the heart at its left ventricular outflow tract. The base of this cylinder is the LVOT area (area = π.r²) π = 3.14, r is the radius and its height (h) is the velocity time integral (VTI), which is the velocity of blood in systole moving through the LVOT. So, SV will be the net result of π (LVOT diameter/2)² × LVOT VTI. The diameter of the LVOT is measured using a parasternal long axis view during systole (A) and the VTI is measured with continuous wave Doppler (B). LVOT: Left ventricular outflow tract.