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Ramírez MR, Ontaneda MP, Otero P, Ortega-Jiménez D, Blanco V, Vázquez FL. Burnout, Associated Factors, and Mental Health Measures Among Ecuadorian Physicians: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2025; 14:2465. [PMID: 40217914 PMCID: PMC11989840 DOI: 10.3390/jcm14072465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2025] [Revised: 03/22/2025] [Accepted: 04/02/2025] [Indexed: 04/14/2025] Open
Abstract
Background: Physician burnout is a growing issue that affects both the quality of healthcare and the mental well-being of medical professionals. However, research on this phenomenon in Ecuador is limited and methodologically deficient. The objective of this study was to examine the national prevalence of burnout among Ecuadorian physicians, its associated factors, and its impact on mental health. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1976 physicians from all provincial capitals of Ecuador (51.8% women; mean age: 37.1 years). Results: It was found that 25.3% of physicians had high levels of emotional exhaustion and 23.8% had high levels of depersonalization. Factors associated with the higher levels of emotional exhaustion among physicians included part-time jobs, long working hours, work-family conflicts, psychological inflexibility, and perceived loneliness. Higher levels of depersonalization were associated with working shifts, having work-family conflicts, exhibiting psychological inflexibility, and perceived loneliness, while lower levels of depersonalization were associated with being female. Experiencing higher levels of depersonalization were associated with suffering from higher levels of depression, while having higher levels of emotional exhaustion were associated with suffering from higher levels of stress. Conclusions: A considerable proportion of Ecuadorian physicians suffer from burnout. Preventive programs and psychological interventions tailored to their specific needs should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina R. Ramírez
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 110107, Ecuador; (M.P.O.); (D.O.-J.)
| | - Mercy P. Ontaneda
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 110107, Ecuador; (M.P.O.); (D.O.-J.)
| | - Patricia Otero
- Department of Psychology, University of A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain;
| | - David Ortega-Jiménez
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 110107, Ecuador; (M.P.O.); (D.O.-J.)
| | - Vanessa Blanco
- Department of Evolutionary and Educational Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Fernando L. Vázquez
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
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Xu X, Gao Q, Wu T, Zhuang W, Mo Y, Zhang W, Wei B, Tang Z, Zhu P. Analysis of the factors influencing the salary level and satisfaction of medical staff in hospitals in less developed areas of Western China based on machine learning algorithms: evidence from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. BMC Health Serv Res 2025; 25:380. [PMID: 40087754 PMCID: PMC11908026 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-025-12552-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2025] [Indexed: 03/17/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compensation plays a critical role in motivating staff and enhancing operational performance and human resource costs in hospitals. This study was aimed at investigating pay levels and the key factors influencing pay satisfaction in secondary and tertiary public hospitals in Guangxi. METHODS Questionnaires were distributed to 48 hospitals across 14 prefecture-level cities in Guangxi. Information on personal characteristics, salary levels, work situations and perceptions of current salary conditions was provided by 10,343 staff in secondary and tertiary hospitals. Five machine learning models were employed to identify the most significant influencing factors of salary satisfaction in Guangxi public hospitals. RESULTS Overall, the actual total after-tax income in secondary public hospitals in Guangxi ranged from $466.55-$744, while the income of staff in municipal-level tertiary public hospitals ranged from $5,001 to $1,041.75 per month. Among the five models, the support vector machine (SVM) demonstrated the best performance in analyzing the influencing factors of compensation satisfaction. The most influential factors for total compensation satisfaction included the extent to which compensation reflected labor value, salary increases since 2017 compared to peer hospitals, total after-tax income and the difference in compensation between staff within and outside the establishment of hospitals. Satisfaction with salary growth aligned closely with the factors influencing overall compensation satisfaction. Satisfaction with pay equity was also influenced by the ability of salary gaps between different positions to reflect differential effort. CONCLUSIONS A relatively low pay level in secondary hospitals in Guangxi was revealed. The factors influencing satisfaction with total pay, pay fairness and pay growth since 2017 varied. SVM outperformed other models in the analysis of the factors influencing pay satisfaction. To enhance pay satisfaction in secondary and tertiary hospitals in Guangxi, it is crucial to establish a salary distribution system aligned with the value of labor across different positions and tailored to the unique characteristics of each hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Xu
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road, Qingxiu District, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Qisheng Gao
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310059, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengyan Wu
- School of Information and Management, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Zhuang
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road, Qingxiu District, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yejia Mo
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road, Qingxiu District, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road, Qingxiu District, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wei
- School of Information and Management, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Tang
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road, Qingxiu District, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pinghua Zhu
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road, Qingxiu District, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, People's Republic of China.
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Amiri S, Mahmood N, Mustafa H, Javaid SF, Khan MAB. Occupational Risk Factors for Burnout Syndrome Among Healthcare Professionals: A Global Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:1583. [PMID: 39767426 PMCID: PMC11675210 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21121583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2024] [Revised: 11/20/2024] [Accepted: 11/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025]
Abstract
Health professionals are disproportionately affected by burnout compared to other occupational groups. This study aims to systematically review and meta-analyze thirteen occupational risk factors related to burnout syndrome among health professionals globally. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in August 2023. The protocol was registered in The International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), registration number CRD42023396081. Using a random-effects model, this meta-analysis assessed the association between occupational risk factors and burnout, reporting odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The meta-analysis included 109 studies from diverse global locations. Key factors influencing burnout included workplace bullying, job stress, and poor communication, with protective factors such as supportive work environments, adequate staffing, and individual resilience. All risk factors examined showed a significant positive relationship with burnout incidence. Workplace bullying was strongly associated with increased burnout (OR 4.05-15.01, p < 0.001). Similarly, low job satisfaction and high job stress were strongly associated with burnout, with ORs of 5.05 (95% CI 3.88-6.56, p < 0.001) and 4.21 (95% CI 1.62-10.94, p = 0.003), respectively. The review findings highlight the importance of addressing these risk factors through enhanced supportive work environments and promoting personal resilience strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Amiri
- Spiritual Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 17166, Iran;
| | - Nailah Mahmood
- Division of Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK;
| | - Halla Mustafa
- Health and Wellness Research Group, Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Syed Fahad Javaid
- Health and Wellness Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Moien AB Khan
- Health and Wellness Research Group, Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates;
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Christiansen F, Gynning BE, Lashari A, Johansson G, Brulin E. Associations between effort-reward imbalance and risk of burnout among Swedish physicians. Occup Med (Lond) 2024; 74:355-363. [PMID: 38970463 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqae039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high prevalence of burnout among Swedish physicians may have several possible effects on individuals and society. However, further investigations of work-related factors associated with the risk of burnout among Swedish physicians are needed. AIMS We aimed to study the associations between psychosocial work factors, based on the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model, and the risk of burnout among Swedish physicians. METHODS A representative sample of 7200 Swedish physicians was invited in 2021. Data were gathered through questionnaires, with a response rate of 41%. Logistic regression models were used to study the associations between exposure to ERI and the risk of burnout. RESULTS Approximately 62% of Swedish physicians were exposed to a high ERI. Exposure to a high ERI was associated with 11 times increased risk (95% confidence interval 6.5-20.0) of burnout in adjusted models. Large variations in the prevalence of ERI and risk of burnout across sociodemographic and occupational factors were identified, particularly across different clinical specialties. CONCLUSIONS A majority of Swedish physicians were exposed to high levels of work-related stress, strongly associated with an increased risk of burnout. This population-based cross-sectional study underlines the need to further study variations of work-related stress across clinical specialties and to monitor occupational health among physicians longitudinally.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Christiansen
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B E Gynning
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Lashari
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Johansson
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Brulin
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Drennen AV, Heard JC, D'Antonio ND, Kepler CK. PA and NP burnout in orthopedic surgery. JAAPA 2024; 37:1-5. [PMID: 38484304 DOI: 10.1097/01.jaa.0001007336.48746.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify the burnout rate among physician associates/assistants (PAs) and NPs in a large orthopedic surgery practice affiliated with an academic institution. METHODS The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and original research questions were given to all PAs and NPs in orthopedics at the facility. Burnout was defined as a high level of emotional exhaustion or depersonalization on the MBI subscale. RESULTS Of the 129 PAs and NPs in orthopedics at our institution, 91 (70.5%) completed all survey items. Nearly 42% of respondents were burned out, as defined by high depersonalization or emotional exhaustion. PAs and NPs who met the burnout criteria were significantly older than those who did not (41.8 ± 10 versus 36.5 ± 7.71 years, P = .007) and spent longer in practice (12.4 ± 6.66 versus 9.35 ± 6.41 years, P = .01). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of burnout is high among PAs and NPs in orthopedics who practice in an academic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis V Drennen
- Alexis V. Drennen practices at the Rothman Orthopaedic Institute in Philadelphia, Pa. At the time this article was written, Jeremy C. Heard and Nicholas D. D'Antonio were research assistants at the Rothman Orthopaedic Institute. Mr. Heard is now a medical student at Thomas Jefferson University's Sidney Kimmel Medical College in Philadelphia, Pa. Mr. D'Antonio is now an orthopedic surgery resident at Cooper University Orthopaedic Surgery in Camden, N.J. Christopher K. Kepler is a spine surgeon at the Rothman Orthopaedic Institute. Dr. Kepler discloses that he receives royalties from Inion, Inc., and research support from RTI Surgical. The authors have disclosed no other potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise
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Lange M, Licaj I, Stroiazzo R, Rabiaza A, Le Bas J, Le Bas F, Humbert X. COVID-19 psychological impact in general practitioners: A longitudinal study. L'ENCEPHALE 2024; 50:143-148. [PMID: 37095051 PMCID: PMC10080271 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 may have negatively impacted the mental health of front-line healthcare workers, including general practitioners (GPs). This study sought to assess the psychological impact (stress, burnout and self-efficacy) of the COVID-19 outbreak in French GPs. METHODS We carried out a postal-based survey of all GPs who worked in the French region of Normandy (departments of Calvados, Manche and Orne) from the exhaustive database of the Union Régionale des Médecins libéraux (URML Normandie) as of 15th April 2020 (one month after the first French COVID-19 sanitary lockdown). The second survey was conducted four months later. Four validated self-report questionnaires were used at both inclusion and follow-up: Perceived Stress scale (PSS), Impact of Event Scale-revised (IES-R), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and General Self-Efficacy scale (GSE). Demographic data were also collected. RESULTS The sample consists of 351 GPs. At the follow-up, 182 answered the questionnaires (response rate: 51.8%). The mean scores of MBI significantly increased during follow-up [Emotional exhaustion (EE) and Personal accomplishment, P<0.01]. Higher burnout symptoms were found at the 4-month follow-up in 64 (35.7%) and 86 (48.0%) participants (43 and 70 participant at baseline), according respectively to EE and depersonalisation scores (P=0.01 and 0.09, respectively). CONCLUSION This is the first longitudinal study that has shown the psychological impact of COVID-19 in French GPs. Based on validated a self-report questionnaire, burnout symptoms increased during follow-up. It is necessary to continue monitoring psychological difficulties of healthcare workers especially during consecutive waves of COVID-19 outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Lange
- Clinical Research Department, Centre François-Baclesse, 14000 Caen, France; Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM U1086, ANTICIPE, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Idlir Licaj
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The UiT Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Rhéda Stroiazzo
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, UFR Santé, Family Medicine Department, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Andry Rabiaza
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, UFR Santé, Family Medicine Department, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Jeanne Le Bas
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, UFR Santé, Family Medicine Department, 14000 Caen, France
| | - François Le Bas
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, UFR Santé, Family Medicine Department, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Xavier Humbert
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM U1086, ANTICIPE, 14000 Caen, France; Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, UFR Santé, Family Medicine Department, 14000 Caen, France.
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Cai X, Zhao T, Chen L, Zhang S, Yu A, Sun X, Gao S, Zhang Y, Wang C, Du J, Liu Y, Lu QB, Cui F. Job burnout among primary healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic: cross-sectional study in China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1266864. [PMID: 38125852 PMCID: PMC10731250 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1266864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study evaluated job burnout among primary healthcare workers (PHCWs) in China during the COVID-19 pandemic, explored its influencing factors, and examined PHCWs' preferences for reducing job burnout. Method We conducted a multicenter cross-sectional study in Heilongjiang, Sichuan, Anhui, Gansu, and Shandong Provinces. An electronic questionnaire survey was conducted through convenience sampling in communities from May to July 2022. We collected sociodemographic characteristics, job burnout level, job satisfaction, and preferred ways to reduce job burnout among PHCWs. Results The job burnout rate among PHCWs in China was 59.87% (937/1565). Scores for each dimension of job burnout were lower among PHCWs who had a better work environment (emotional exhaustion OR: 0.60; depersonalization OR: 0.73; personal accomplishment OR: 0.76) and higher professional pride (emotional exhaustion OR: 0.63; depersonalization OR: 0.70; personal accomplishment OR: 0.44). PHCWs with higher work intensity (emotional exhaustion OR: 2.37; depersonalization OR: 1.34; personal accomplishment OR: 1.19) had higher scores in all job burnout dimensions. Improving work environments and raising salaries were the preferred ways for PHCWs to reduce job burnout. Conclusion Strategies should be developed to improve job satisfaction among PHCWs, enhance their professional identity, and alleviate burnout to ensure the effective operation of the healthcare system, especially during periods of overwork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianming Cai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Policy Research and Global Health and Infectious Diseases Group, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianshuo Zhao
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Policy Research and Global Health and Infectious Diseases Group, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Linyi Chen
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Policy Research and Global Health and Infectious Diseases Group, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, PA, United States
| | - Sihui Zhang
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Policy Research and Global Health and Infectious Diseases Group, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ailing Yu
- Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xihong Sun
- Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Shengnan Gao
- Harbin Nangang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuanshan Zhang
- Dezhou Lingcheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dezhou, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqiong Liu
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Bin Lu
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Policy Research and Global Health and Infectious Diseases Group, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Fuqiang Cui
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Policy Research and Global Health and Infectious Diseases Group, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Gu M, Zheng L, Gu J, Wang S, Shi Y, Jiang F, Liu H, Tang YL. Would you choose to be a psychiatrist again? A large-sample nationwide survey of psychiatrists and psychiatry residents in China. Int J Ment Health Syst 2023; 17:43. [PMID: 38053204 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-023-00614-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mental health workforce sustainability in China suffers high rates of attrition and the intention to leave. Among current professionals, the intention to choose the same career is an interesting way to gauge their job satisfaction and other factors, and it may affect the career choices of younger generations. We aimed to survey the intention of psychiatrists and psychiatry residents to choose the same career if they could start over and to identify associated factors. METHODS We conducted an anonymous survey of psychiatrists in 41 tertiary psychiatric hospitals in China. We collected demographic data, work-related information, the sense of professional identity, job satisfaction, and burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory), and we specifically asked each participant whether they would choose to be a psychiatrist again if they could. RESULTS Among 3,783 psychiatrists we surveyed, one-quarter responded that they would not choose to be a psychiatrist again if they had a choice, with less than half (47.2%) saying they would. Those who would not choose psychiatry again were more likely to have a negative (relative to positive) professional identity (OR = 7.47, P＜0.001, 95%CI: 4.587-12.164); experience job burnout (OR = 2.945, P＜0.001, 95%CI: 2.356-3.681); be dissatisfied with their job (OR = 2.739, P＜0.001, 95%CI: 2.102-3.569) and excessive regulation (OR = 1.819, P＜0.001, 95%CI: 1.487-2.226); have a heavy workload (OR = 1.749, P＜0.001, 95%CI: 1.423-2.149) or a lower income (OR = 1.748, P＜0.001, 95%CI: 1.415-2.161); be married (relative to single) (OR = 1.604, P = 0.004, 95%CI: 1.165-2.208); be dissatisfied with strained doctor-patient relationship (OR = 1.333, P = 0.005, 95%CI: 1.089-1.632); have more night shifts per month (OR = 1.055, P = 0.021, 95%CI: 1.008-1.104) or work longer hours per week (OR = 1.016, P = 0.001, 95%CI: 1.006-1.025). CONCLUSION Among psychiatrists in tertiary hospitals in China, those with a heavier workload, poor sense of professional identity, job dissatisfaction, and burnout were less likely to choose psychiatry again. Policymakers and hospital administrators need to take effective measures to improve psychiatrists' sense of professional identity and increase their intention to stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyue Gu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Liucheng Zheng
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jingyang Gu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yudong Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Institute of Healthy Yangtze River Delta, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- School of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Huanzhong Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Yi-Lang Tang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
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Hao X, Hu Y, Shao C, Wang X, Li C, Wang H, Hei F, Li X, Liu B, Zhang X, Jin Z, Wang W, Liu Y, Wu T, Yang F. Prevalence of burnout among perfusionists in China: A nationwide survey. Perfusion 2023:2676591231194759. [PMID: 37703429 DOI: 10.1177/02676591231194759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burnout has gained increasing attention worldwide as a phenomenon that affects health care professionals. However, there is a lack of relevant research about its impact on practitioners in the field of cardiovascular perfusion in China. This study investigated the prevalence of and the factors associated with the burnout affecting perfusionists in mainland China. METHODS This national cross-sectional study included perfusionists from 31 provinces in mainland China. Participants were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire, which included three parts: (1) demographic information, (2) work-related information, and (3) dissatisfaction with work and sources of pressure. The levels of burnout were calculated, and logistic regression was used to analyze the factors associated with burnout. RESULTS The questionnaire, created by the survey program "Questionnaire Star", was sent to 2211 perfusionists in mainland China. A final sample of 1813 perfusionists participated in the survey, with a participation rate of 82.0% (1813/2211). The prevalence of burnout and severe burnout was 86.0% (1559/1813, 95%CI: 84.3%-87.5%) and 13.3% (241/1813, 95%CI: 11.8%-15.0%), respectively. The logistic regression analysis revealed that age [20-29 years, odds ratio (OR) = 1; 30-39 years, OR = 2.009; 40-49 years, OR = 2.220], educational background (bachelor and below, OR = 1; postgraduate, OR = 1.472), and professional background (others, OR = 1; surgery, OR = 1.283; anesthesiology, OR = 2.004) were associated with burnout. We also found that age (20-29 years, OR = 1; 30-39 years, OR = 1.928), professional background (others, OR = 1; surgery, OR = 1.734; anesthesiology, OR = 2.257), annual cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) case load in the most recent 3 years (< 50, OR = 1; 50-100, OR = 1.613; 100-300, OR = 1.702; ≥300, OR = 2.637), and income level [< 5000 (RMB/month), OR = 1; 5000-10,000, OR = 0.587; 10,000-20,000, OR = 0.366] were associated with severe burnout among perfusionists. CONCLUSIONS Cardiovascular perfusionists in mainland China experience high rates of burnout. Age, the professional background, annual CPB caseload in the most recent 3 years, and income level are independently associated with the burnout rates experienced by these health care professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Hao
- Center for Cardiac Intensive Care, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Hu
- Center for Cardiac Intensive Care, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengcheng Shao
- Center for Cardiac Intensive Care, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Center for Cardiac Intensive Care, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Center for Cardiac Intensive Care, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Center for Cardiac Intensive Care, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feilong Hei
- Center for Cardiac Intensive Care, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenxiao Jin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pediatric Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Perfusion Department of Cardiac Surgery Intensive Care Unit, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Center for Cardiac Intensive Care, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Zhang M, Li S, Han D, Wu Y, Zhao J, Liao H, Ma Y, Yan C, Wang J. Association of Job Characteristics and Burnout of Healthcare Workers in Different Positions in Rural China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1605966. [PMID: 37600525 PMCID: PMC10434533 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1605966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Health workers in rural primary care systems are at increased risk of job burnout, but their associations with different positions have received scant attention in the literature. Thus, this study aims to measure job burnout in different positions in rural China and to identify factors associated with it. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a total of 15,627 participants from six provinces in China. And job burnout was measured using the Chinese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Scale (MBI-GS). Multilevel regression analyses were used in examining factors potentially associated with job burnout in different positions. Results: Overall, more than half of providers suffered from moderate burnout. The degree of job burnout varied among different positions. Middle managers showed higher levels personal stress, while general staff showed the lowest interpersonal and self-evaluation dimensions of burnout. Job duty, job capability, job treatment, and career advancement are potential factors affecting these results. Conclusion: Interventions aimed at providing appropriate training and development opportunities, developing relevant career planning and management strategies, and implementing reasonable staffing and job design may be promising strategies for alleviating burnout in different positions and improving health system performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhang
- Department of Health Management, School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Sangsang Li
- Department of Health Management, School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dan Han
- Department of Health Management, School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yunyi Wu
- Department of Health Management, School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Health Management, School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Liao
- Department of Health Management, School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Health Management, School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chaoyang Yan
- Department of Health Management, School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Health Management, School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Science of Hubei Province, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Institute for Poverty Reduction and Development, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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LGBTQ+ Identity and Ophthalmologist Burnout. Am J Ophthalmol 2023; 246:66-85. [PMID: 36252675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning, and other sexual/gender minority (LGBTQ+) orientation as a burnout risk factor among an international ophthalmologist cohort. METHODS An anonymous, cross-sectional electronic survey was distributed via an Internet platform to characterize the relationship among demographic factors, including LGBTQ+ orientation, and burnout as measured by the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI). Univariable data analysis (linear) by sexual orientation was performed and variables with an association with a P value of <0.15 in univariable analysis were included in the multiple linear regression modeling. RESULTS A total of 403 ophthalmologists participated in the survey. The majority self-identified as "White" (69.2%), were from North America (72.0% United States, 18.6% Canada) and were evenly distributed between age of 30 and 65 years. Overall, 13.2% of participants identified as LGBTQ+ and 98.2% as cisgender. Approximately 12% had witnessed or experienced LGBTQ+-related workplace discrimination or harassment. The personal and work-related burnout scores and confidence limits of persons identified as LGBTQ+ were higher and nonoverlapping compared with those reported as non-LGBTQ+. Multivariable analysis identified significant risk factors for higher personal and work-related burnout scores: LGBTQ+ (11.8 and 11.1, P = .0005 and .0023), female gender (5.36 and 4.83, P = .0153 and .0434), older age (19.1 and 19.2, P = .0173 and .0273). and caretaker stress (6.42 and 5.97, P = .0085 and .0239). CONCLUSIONS LGBTQ+ orientation is a burnout risk factor among ophthalmologists, and LGBTQ+ workplace discrimination may be a contributing factor. Support from ophthalmology organizations to address LGBTQ+-, gender-, and age-related workplace discrimination may decrease burnout. NOTE: Publication of this article is sponsored by the American Ophthalmological Society.
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Al Bashir L, Ismail A, Aljunid SM. Parents' and healthcare professionals' perception toward the introduction of a new fully liquid hexavalent vaccine in the Malaysian national immunization program: a cross-sectional study instrument development and its application. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1052450. [PMID: 37180162 PMCID: PMC10172506 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1052450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A newly developed fully liquid hexavalent vaccine that comprises six antigens for Diphtheria, Tetanus, acellular Pertussis, Inactivated Poliomyelitis, Haemophilus Influenza type b., and Hepatitis B, is proposed to be introduced in the Malaysian national immunization program, instead of the non-fully liquid pentavalent vaccine and monovalent Hepatitis B vaccine that is currently employed in the immunization schedule. Although the introduction of new vaccines is a necessary intervention, it still needs to be accepted by parents and healthcare professionals. Hence, this study aimed to develop three structured questionnaires and to investigate the participants' perception and acceptability toward the incorporation of the new fully liquid hexavalent vaccine. A cross-sectional study was conducted among a sample of 346 parents, 100 nurses, and 50 physicians attending twenty-two primary health care centers in the states of Selangor and the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya during 2019-2020. The study found that Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the study instruments ranged from 0.825 to 0.918. Principal components analysis produced a good fit with KMO>0.6. For the parents' perception questionnaire, the only extracted factor explained 73.9 % of the total variance; for the nurses' perception toward a non-fully and fully liquid combined vaccine, there was a sole extracted factor that explained 65.2 % and 79.2% of the total variance, respectively. Whereas for the physicians' perception, there was one factor extracted that explains 71.8 % of the total variance. The median score for all the questionnaire items ranged from 4 to 5 (Q1 and Q3 vary between 3-5). Parents' ethnicity was significantly associated (P-value ≤ 0.05) with the perception that the new hexavalent vaccine would reduce their transportation expenses. Moreover, a significant association (P-value ≤ 0.05) was found between physicians' age and the perception of the hexavalent vaccine's ability to decrease patient overcrowding in primary healthcare centers. The instruments used in this study were valid and reliable. Parents of Malay ethnicity were the most concerned about transportation expenses since they have the lowest income and are more concentrated in rural areas compared to other races. Younger physicians were concerned about reducing patient crowding and hence reducing their workload and burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lama Al Bashir
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Aniza Ismail
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Malaysian Health Economic Association (MAHEA), International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, UKM Medical Centre, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Aniza Ismail,
| | - Syed Mohamed Aljunid
- International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Malaysian Health Economic Association (MAHEA), International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, UKM Medical Centre, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, Health Science Center, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Helaß M, Haag GM, Bankstahl US, Gencer D, Maatouk I. Burnout among German oncologists: a cross-sectional study in cooperation with the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie Quality of Life Working Group. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:765-777. [PMID: 35152317 PMCID: PMC8852884 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-03937-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oncologists are at an increased risk of developing burnout, leading to negative consequences in patient care and in professional satisfaction and quality of life. This study was designed to investigate exhaustion and disengagement among German oncologists and assess the prevalence of burnout among oncologists within different professional settings. Furthermore, we wanted to examine possible relations between sociodemographic factors, the oncological setting, professional experience and different aspects of burnout. METHODS In a cross-sectional study design, an Internet-based survey was conducted with 121 oncologists between April and July 2020 using the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory, which contains items on exhaustion, disengagement, and burnout. Furthermore, sociodemographic data of the participants were assessed. The participants were members of the Working Group Medical Oncology (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie) within the German Cancer Society. RESULTS The survey showed a burnout prevalence of 43.8%, which correlated with age and professional experience; that is, the prevalence is particularly high among younger oncologists. Exhaustion is closely related to employment status; that is, it was significantly higher among employed oncologists. There were remarkably low levels of disengagement among oncologists, highlighting the own demand to fulfil job requirements despite imminent or actual overburdening in daily work. CONCLUSION More support is necessary to mitigate the professional stressors in the healthcare system. To ensure quality medical care, employees should be offered preventive mental health services early in their careers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Helaß
- grid.5253.10000 0001 0328 4908Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg Martin Haag
- grid.5253.10000 0001 0328 4908Department of Medical Oncology, National Centre for Tumour Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulli Simone Bankstahl
- Institute for Clinical-Oncological Research (IKF), Krankenhaus Nordwest gGmbH, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Deniz Gencer
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Imad Maatouk
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Section of Psychosomatic Medicine, Psychotherapy and Psycho-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Julius-Maximilian University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. .,Psychosomatics, Psychotherapy and Psychooncology, University Hospital Würzburg, Medical Clinic II, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
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Gu W, Liu Y, Lu Z, Wang J, Che X, Xu Y, Zhang X, Wang J, Du J, Zhang X, Chen J. Associated factors of burnout among Chinese vaccination staff during COVID-19 epidemic: A cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1086889. [PMID: 36969614 PMCID: PMC10030716 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1086889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective During the COVID-19 epidemic, vaccination staff had three main aspects of work: routine vaccination for children and adults, COVID-19 vaccination and COVID-19 prevention and control. All these works significantly increased the workload of vaccination staff. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of burnout among vaccination staff in Hangzhou, China. Methods A total of 501 vaccination staff from 201 community/township healthcare centers in Hangzhou were recruited using a cross-sectional survey through WeChat social platform. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Scale (MBI-GS) was used to assess the level of burnout. Descriptive statistics were made on the characteristics of participants. Univariate analysis using the chi-square test and multivariable analysis using binary logistic regression were conducted to determine the relative predictors of burnout. Univariate analysis and multiple linear regression were used to determine the relative predictors of exhaustive emotion, cynicism, and personal accomplishment. Results During the COVID-19 pandemic, 20.8% of the vaccination staff experienced burnout. Educational level above undergraduate education level, medium professional title, and more working time in COVID-19 vaccination work reported a higher degree of job burnout. The vaccination staff was experiencing a high degree of exhaustive emotion, cynicism, and low personal accomplishment. Professional title, working place, and working time for COVID-19 vaccination were associated with exhaustive emotion and cynicism. Professional title and participation time for COVID-19 prevention and control were associated with personal accomplishment. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the prevalence rate of burnout is high among vaccination staff during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially with a low level of personal accomplishment. Psychological intervention for vaccination staff is urgently needed.
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Albattat ARA. Burnout Among Nursing Workers Who Provide Nursing Care for People Infected with COVID-19. 2022 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MULTIDISCIPLINARY STUDIES AND INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES (ISMSIT) 2022:159-164. [DOI: 10.1109/ismsit56059.2022.9932791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rahman A. Albattat
- Treaning &|Human Development Center, Dhi-Qar Health Director College of Health and Medical Technology, Al-Ayen University,Thi-Qar,Iraq
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Lu Y, Liu Q, Yan H, Liu T. Effects of occupational hazards and occupational stress on job burn-out of factory workers and miners in Urumqi: a propensity score-matched cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e051911. [PMID: 36647785 PMCID: PMC9462083 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to explore the impact of occupational hazards and occupational stress on job burn-out among factory workers and miners. This study also aimed to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of job burn-out among factory workers and miners. DESIGN A cross-sectional study based on the factory Workers and Miners of Urumqi, Xinjiang. Demographic biases, that is, confounding factors, were eliminated by the propensity score-matched analysis method. PARTICIPANTS An electronic questionnaire was used to survey 7500 eligible factory workers and miners in Urumqi, the capital of Xinjiang, and 7315 complete questionnaires were returned. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES A general demographic questionnaire, the Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) and the Chinese Maslach Burnout Inventory. RESULTS The total rate of burn-out was 86.5%. Noise (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.64) and ERI (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.78 to 2.61) were the risk factors for job burn-out among factory workers and miners (p<0.001). CONCLUSION The job burn-out rate of factory workers and miners was high, and the noise and occupational stress factors among occupational hazard factors will affect the likelihood of job burn-out of factory workers and miners. We should control the impact of occupational hazards on factory workers and miners and reduce occupational stress to alleviate workers' job burn-out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoqin Lu
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Urumqi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Postgraduate Education Management Section, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Urumqi, China
| | - Huan Yan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Engineering Technology Research Center for Green Processing of Nature Product Center, Xinjiang Autonomous Academy of Instrumental Analysis, Urumqi, China
| | - Tao Liu
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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Liang F, Hu S, Guo Y. The association between fear of malpractice and burnout among Chinese medical workers: The mediating role of legal consciousness. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:358. [PMID: 35614448 PMCID: PMC9130988 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a major reason for defensive medicine, the status and effect of "fear of malpractice" among Chinese medical staff is an important topic that needs to be studied. Our study investigated fear of malpractice among Chinese medical workers, assessed its association with burnout, and explored the mediating role of legal consciousness between these factors. DESIGN A quantitative, cross-sectional study. SETTING All respondents were investigated using a self-report questionnaire. Demographic characteristics and measurements including a fear of malpractice scale, and a burnout and legal consciousness scale were employed. The effect of fear of malpractice on burnout was examined by carrying out a binary regression analysis. A mediation model was used to test the mediating role of legal consciousness. PARTICIPANTS The study sample included 1031 doctors and nurses (297 male and 734 female; age = 36.3 ± 8.98). RESULTS The average score of fear of malpractice was 20.97 ± 5.34. Respondents with higher levels of fear of malpractice were more prone to burnout ([OR] = 2.865; 95% CI 1.942-4.226). Legal consciousness partially and negatively mediated the effect of fear of malpractice on burnout. CONCLUSION High levels of fear of malpractice were found among Chinese medical workers, and this fear had a significant effect on burnout. Legal consciousness may be a resource that can alleviate burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liang
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu Hu
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884College of Marxism, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Youqi Guo
- College of Marxism, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
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Ponzio DY, Bell C, Stavrakis A, Skibicki H, Czymek M, Ong AC, Post ZD, Bishop ME. Discrepancies in Work-Family Integration Between Female and Male Orthopaedic Surgeons. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2022; 104:465-472. [PMID: 34851322 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.21.00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Female surgeons, representing 6.5% of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, are particularly vulnerable to work-family conflict. This conflict may deter women from considering orthopaedic surgery as a specialty. The study objective was to identify differences in work-family integration between female and male orthopaedic surgeons in the United States. METHODS An anonymous survey collecting data within the domains of work, family, and satisfaction was completed by 347 orthopaedic surgeons (153 female, 194 male). Differences in responses between males and females were identified. RESULTS Female surgeons were younger than males (mean, 41.1 versus 50.1 years; p < 0.001) and earlier in their careers, with 60.3% of males in practice >10 years compared with 26.1% of females (p < 0.001). Consulting (7.8% versus 31.4%; p < 0.001), course faculty positions (19.0% versus 39.2%; p < 0.001), and academic and leadership titles (30.7% versus 47.4%; p = 0.002) were significantly less common among females. There was a significant income disparity between females (mean yearly income, $300,000 to $400,000) and males (mean, $400,000 to $500,000; p < 0.001). Females were more likely to have never married (12.4% versus 2.6%; p < 0.001), or they married at a later mean age (30.2 ± 4.7 versus 28.3 ± 3.9 years; p < 0.001). Females were more likely to have no children (29.4% versus 7.8%; p < 0.001), require fertility treatment (32.0% versus 11.9%; p < 0.001), and not have children until after completing their medical training (63.0% versus 31.1%; p < 0.001). Female surgeons reported more responsibility in parenting (p < 0.001) and household duties (p < 0.001) than males. Work-family balance satisfaction was 72.3% in females and 82.1% in males (p = 0.081). CONCLUSIONS This study highlights deficiencies in work-family integration that appear to uniquely impact female orthopaedic surgeons. Female surgeons delay starting a family, more frequently require fertility treatments, carry more responsibility at home, have fewer academic and leadership roles, earn lower incomes, and are less satisfied with work-family balance relative to males. The discrepancy in work-family integration must be addressed to attract, support, and retain women as successful orthopaedic surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Courtney Bell
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Egg Harbor Township, New Jersey
| | | | - Hope Skibicki
- Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey
| | - Miranda Czymek
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Egg Harbor Township, New Jersey
| | - Alvin C Ong
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Egg Harbor Township, New Jersey
| | - Zachary D Post
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Egg Harbor Township, New Jersey
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Meta-analysis of effort–reward imbalance prevalence among physicians. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2022; 95:559-571. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-021-01784-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Tian M, Zhou X, Yin X, Jiang N, Wu Y, Zhang J, Lv C, Gong Y. Effort-Reward Imbalance in Emergency Department Physicians: Prevalence and Associated Factors. Front Public Health 2022; 10:793619. [PMID: 35198522 PMCID: PMC8858846 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.793619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To examine the prevalence of effort-reward imbalance and explore its associated factors among emergency department physicians in China. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the Chinese emergency department in 2018. A total of 10,457 emergency department physicians completed a structured questionnaire containing demographic characteristics, work-related data, and effort-reward imbalance scale. All the data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and stepwise logistic regression. Results The prevalence of effort-reward imbalance was 78.39% among emergency department physicians in China. The results showed that the male emergency department physicians with a bachelor's degree, an intermediate title, long years of service, a high frequency of night shift, and who suffered workplace violence were at a higher risk of effort-reward imbalance. In contrast, physicians with higher monthly income and perceived adequate staff were associated with a lower risk of effort-reward imbalance. Conclusions The situation of effort-reward imbalance was serious among emergency department physicians in China. Administrators should pay more attention to key groups and take measures from the perspectives of effort and reward to improve the effort-reward imbalance in emergency department physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengge Tian
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxv Yin
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yafei Wu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuanzhu Lv
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Island Emergency Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Chuanzhu Lv
| | - Yanhong Gong
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yanhong Gong
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Sznajder KK, Harlow SD, Wang J, Tso L, Ashagre Y, Han C. Factors associated with symptoms of poor mental health among women factory workers in China's supply chain. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2022; 95:1209-1219. [PMID: 35001196 PMCID: PMC8743097 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-021-01820-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Foreign direct investment (FDI) to China has motivated increased labor migration to export processing zones (EPZs). Work environments with high occupational stress, such as production line jobs typical in EPZs, have been associated with adverse mental health symptoms. METHODS A cross-sectional survey that examined occupational stress and symptoms of poor mental health was implemented among Chinese women factory workers in three electronic factories in the Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area. Symptoms of mental health measured in the survey were hopelessness, depression, not feeling useful or needed, and trouble concentrating. Crude and adjusted prevalence odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated with logistic regression. RESULTS Responses were collected from 696 women factory workers. Participants were aged 18-56 years (mean 28 ± 5.8), 66% of whom were married and 25% of whom were migrants. Nearly 50% of participants reported at least one symptom of poor mental health. After adjusting for covariates associated with each outcome in the bivariate analysis, high job strain was associated with hopelessness (OR 2.68, 95% CI 1.58, 4.56), not feeling useful (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.22, 3.43), and feeling depressed (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.16, 2.72). CONCLUSION This study expands on the international body of research on the well-being of women working in the global supply chain and provides evidence on the associations between occupational stressors, migration, and social support on symptoms of poor mental health among women workers. Future research to better understand and improve psychological health and to prevent suicide among workers in China's factories is critical to improve the health of China's labor force.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. K. Sznajder
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, 90 Hope Drive, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - S. D. Harlow
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - J. Wang
- Department of Social Medicine, College of Health Management, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning China
| | - L. Tso
- Anthropology, Global Health and Medical Humanities Initiative, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA ,Center for Health and Human Development Studies, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Y. Ashagre
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, 90 Hope Drive, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - C. Han
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China
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Turalde CWR, Espiritu AI, Macinas IDN, Jamora RDG. Burnout among neurology residents during the COVID-19 pandemic: a national cross-sectional study. Neurol Sci 2021; 43:1503-1511. [PMID: 34846584 PMCID: PMC8630990 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05675-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Neurology residents are particularly vulnerable to burnout because of the novel logistical and clinical challenges brought about by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Despite its implications, knowledge on burnout and its predictors among neurology residents is lacking. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of burnout among neurology residents during the pandemic, to compare burnout subscale scores and sociodemographic and work characteristics, and to explore residents’ perceptions on how to address burnout. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey among all 120 residents from the nine institutions in the Philippines offering neurology residency programs from March to August 2020. We obtained sociodemographic and work characteristics using questionnaire. We measured burnout using the Maslach Burnout Inventory. We performed an inductive thematic analysis to analyze perceptions on how to reduce burnout. Results The response rate was 71.67% (86/120). The mean age was 30.1 ± 3.1 years. Using predefined subscale critical boundaries, the prevalence of burnout was 94% (95% CI 89, 99). The lack of compensation and number of on-duty days influenced emotional exhaustion scores. The number of on-duty days influenced depersonalization scores. Thematic analysis revealed five themes: increasing manpower; self-care; reducing clerical tasks; improving work environment; and adequate compensation. Conclusions The prevalence of burnout among neurology residents during the COVID-19 pandemic was alarmingly high. Reforms in hiring policies, work-hour management, manpower organization, work environment, and logistics may be considered. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10072-021-05675-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wilson R Turalde
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Adrian I Espiritu
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Roland Dominic G Jamora
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines. .,Institute for Neurosciences, St. Luke's Medical Center, Quezon City & Global City, Philippines.
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Burnout in French General Practitioners: A Nationwide Prospective Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182212044. [PMID: 34831796 PMCID: PMC8624683 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of burnout among French general practitioners in private practice and to study the risk and protective factors of burnout. Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted with French GPs working in a private practice in France who were asked to fulfil an internet questionnaire. We used the secure internet application REDCap®. Exclusion criteria were only working in a hospital, substitute doctors, and internship students. There was a putative sample size of 88,886 GPs. We retrieved the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), occupational characteristics (type of installation, emergency regulated shifts, night shifts, university supervisor, weekly hours worked, seniority), and personal characteristics such as age, gender, marital status, and number of children. Results: We included 1926 GPs among the 2602 retrieved questionnaires. A total of 44.8% of French liberal GPs were experiencing burnout, with 4.8% (95%CI 3.9–5.9%) experiencing severe burnout. The risk factors of severe burnout were male gender (RR = 1.91, 95%CI 1.15–3.16), working in a suburban area (5.23, 2.18–12.58), and having more than 28 appointments per day (1.95, 1.19–3.19). Working more than 50 h weekly showed a tendency to increase the risk of severe burnout (1.55, 0.93–2.59, p = 0.095), with a significant increase in the risk of low and moderate burnout (1.31, 1.02–1.67 and 1.86, 1.34–2.57, respectively). Protective factors were mainly resident training, which decreased the risk of both low, moderate, and severe burnout (0.65, 0.51–0.83; 0.66, 0.48–0.92; and 0.42, 95%CI 0.23–0.76, respectively). Performing home visits decreased the risk of severe burnout (0.25, 0.13–0.47), as did group practice for intermediate level of burnout (0.71, 0.51–0.96). Conclusion: GPs are at a high risk of burnout, with nearly half of them in burnout, with burnout predominantly affecting males and those between the ages of 50 and 60 years old. The main risk factors were a high workload with more than 28 appointments per day or 50 h of work per week, and the main protective factors were related to social cohesion such having a teaching role and working in a group practice with back-office support.
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Burnout Among Hospital Non-Healthcare Staff: Influence of Job Demand-Control-Support, and Effort-Reward Imbalance. J Occup Environ Med 2021; 63:e13-e20. [PMID: 33149005 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the prevalence of burnout among non-health care workers (NHCW), the risk and protective factors and to quantify the risk of burnout. METHOD We conducted a cross-sectional study on the 3142 NHCW of the University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand. They received a self-assessment questionnaire. RESULTS Four hundred thirty seven (13.9%) NHCW completed the questionnaires. More than three quarter (75.4%) of NHCW was in burnout, with one in five (18.7%) having a severe burnout. Job demand was the main factor explaining the increase in exhaustion and overinvestment was the main factor explaining the increase in cynicism. Effort-reward imbalance (ERI) multiplied the risk of severe burnout by 11.2, job strain by 3.32 and isostrain by 3.74. CONCLUSION NHCW from hospital staff are at high risk of burnout. The two major models of stress at work, the job demand-control-support and the ERI, were highly predictive of burnout, with strong dose-response relationships.
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Zhang X, Wang J, Hao Y, Wu K, Jiao M, Liang L, Gao L, Ning N, Kang Z, Shan L, He W, Wang Y, Wu Q, Yin W. Prevalence and Factors Associated With Burnout of Frontline Healthcare Workers in Fighting Against the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence From China. Front Psychol 2021; 12:680614. [PMID: 34484037 PMCID: PMC8415624 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.680614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The sudden outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) plunged healthcare workers (HCWs) into warfare. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of burnout and the factors associated with it among frontline HCWs fighting COVID-19. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among frontline HCWs fighting against the COVID-19 in Wuhan, Harbin, and Shenzhen during the period from February 18 to March 4. Finally, HCWs were recruited using cluster sampling, 1,163 HCWs were included in the final analysis. Burnout was measured using a 22-item Maslach Burnout Inventory scale (MBI scale). RESULTS Of the participants, 48.6% suffered from burnout, and 21.8% showed a high degree of burnout. Doctors (b = 3.954, P = 0.011) and nurses (b = 3.067, P = 0.042) showed higher emotional exhaustion (EE) than administrators. Participants who worked continuously for more than 8 h a day (b = 3.392, P = 0.000), those who were unable to eat three regular daily meals (b = 2.225, P = 0.008), whose daily water intake was no more than 800 ml (b = 3.007, P = 0.000), who slept for no more than 6 h (b = 1.609, P = 0.036), and who were infected or had colleagues who were infected with COVID-19 (b = 4.182, P = 0.000) experienced much higher levels of EE, while those who could adhere to infection control procedures (b = -5.992, P = 0.000), who were satisfied with their hospital's infection control measures(b = -3.709, P = 0.001), and who could receive sufficient psychological crisis intervention (b = -1.588, P = 0.039) reported lower levels of EE. CONCLUSION The study reveals that burnout is prevalent among frontline HCWs and that the known factors associated with burnout, such as workload, and the factors directly associated with COVID-19, such as having insufficient protection, can affect burnout symptoms in frontline HCWs. Synergized and comprehensive interventions should be targeted at reducing its occurrence among frontline HCWs fighting COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Centre of Health Policy & Management, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Centre of Health Policy & Management, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanhua Hao
- Centre of Health Policy & Management, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Tong Zhou District’s Volunteer Services Guidance Center of Beijing Municipality, Beijing, China
| | - Mingli Jiao
- Centre of Health Policy & Management, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Libo Liang
- Centre of Health Policy & Management, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lijun Gao
- Centre of Health Policy & Management, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ning Ning
- Centre of Health Policy & Management, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zheng Kang
- Centre of Health Policy & Management, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Linghan Shan
- Centre of Health Policy & Management, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | | | - Yongchen Wang
- The Second Hospital Affiliated of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qunhong Wu
- Centre of Health Policy & Management, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenqiang Yin
- School of Public Health and Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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Calvo JM, Kwatra J, Yansane A, Tokede O, Gorter RC, Kalenderian E. Burnout and Work Engagement Among US Dentists. J Patient Saf 2021; 17:398-404. [PMID: 28671911 DOI: 10.1097/pts.0000000000000355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burnout is a threat to patient safety. It relates to emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and lack of personal accomplishment. Work engagement conversely composed of levels of vigor, dedication, and absorption in one's profession. The aim of this study was to examine burnout and work engagement among US dentists. METHODS This study used the extensively validated Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey and Utrecht Work Engagement Scale to measure burnout in a self-administered survey of 167 US dentists who attended continuing education courses held in Boston, Pittsburg, Iowa City, and Las Vegas. The mean scores on the 3 subscales of Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey and Utrecht Work Engagement Scale were computed. The interscale correlations between the components of burnout and work engagement were assessed using Pearson correlations. We used 1-way analysis of variance and independent 2 sample t tests to examine the relationship between burnout and work engagement across sex and various age categories. Prevalence of burnout in our study population was also computed. RESULTS We observed that 13.2% of our study population experienced burnout and 16.2% of our study population was highly work engaged. There was a statistically significant, unadjusted association between burnout risk and work engagement (χ2 = 22.51, P < 0.0001). Furthermore, the scores in the subscales of burnout were significantly correlated with scores in the subscales of work engagement. CONCLUSIONS In this preliminary study, we observed some evidence of burnout among practicing US dentists. It is imperative that the dental profession understands this and works to promote professional practices that increase work engagement and decrease burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Japneet Kwatra
- Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology Department, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Oluwabunmi Tokede
- Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology Department, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Alcaraz-Mor R, Urcun A, Vigouroux A, Boyer L, Villa A, Lehucher-Michel MP. Contraintes psychosociales et organisationnelles : analyse qualitative auprès de 52 médecins hospitaliers. ARCH MAL PROF ENVIRO 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.admp.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Sérole C, Auclair C, Prunet D, Charkhabi M, Lesage FX, Baker JS, Mermillod M, Gerbaud L, Dutheil F. The Forgotten Health-Care Occupations at Risk of Burnout-A Burnout, Job Demand-Control-Support, and Effort-Reward Imbalance Survey. J Occup Environ Med 2021; 63:e416-e425. [PMID: 34184659 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We conducted a cross-sectional study on healthcare workers from the University Hospital in Clermont-Ferrand. They received a self-report questionnaire consisting of the Maslach Burnout Inventory, Job Demand Control Support, Effort-Reward Imbalance model, and questions about ethical conflict in order to investigate on burnout. RESULTS We included 1774 workers. Overinvestment was the only factor explaining the increase in emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and the decrease in personal accomplishment. Taking into account the absence of burnout as a reference, overinvestment multiplied the risk of high burnout by 22.0 (5.10 to 94.7). CONCLUSION Some "forgotten" occupations among healthcare workers are at risk of burnout. Overinvestment was the main factor explaining the increase in the tree dimensions of burnout. Moreover, the two main models of stress at work were highly predictive of burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Sérole
- Preventive and Occupational Medicine, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand (Ms Serole, Mr Prunet); Université Clermont Auvergne, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Public Health, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sigma Clermont, Institut Pascal (Dr Auclair, Dr Gerbaud); National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia (Dr Charkhabi); Laboratory Epsylon EA4556, Dynamic of Human Abilities & Health Behavior, Montpellier, University Hospital of Montpellier, Occupational and Preventive Medicine, University of Montpellier (Dr Lesage); Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China (Dr Baker); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition, Université Grenoble Alpes (Dr Mermillod); Institut Universitaire de France, Paris (Dr Mermillod); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Preventive and Occupational Medicine, Université Clermont Auvergne, WittyFit (Dr Dutheil), Clermont-Ferrand, France; Australian Catholic University, Faculty of Health, School of Exercise Science, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (Dr Dutheil)
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Jia Z, Wen X, Lin X, Lin Y, Li X, Li G, Yuan Z. Working Hours, Job Burnout, and Subjective Well-Being of Hospital Administrators: An Empirical Study Based on China's Tertiary Public Hospitals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094539. [PMID: 33922884 PMCID: PMC8123124 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
(1) Purpose: To analyze the role of job burnout in connection with working hours and subjective well-being (SWB) among hospital administrators in China’s tertiary public hospitals. (2) Methods: A multi-stage, stratified, cluster random sampling method was used to select 443 hospital administrators in six tertiary public hospitals for study. The data were collected and analyzed using the working hours measuring scale, Maslach burnout, and the subjective well-being schedule. Pearson correlation, structural equation model, and bootstrap tests were conducted to examine the association between job burnout, working hours, and SWB. (3) Results: Among the 443 respondents, 330 worked more than 8 h per day on average (76.2%), 81 had the longest continuous working time more than 16 h (18.7%), and 362 worked overtime on weekends (82.2%). The prevalence of job burnout in hospital administrators was 62.8%, among which, 59.8% have mild burnout and 3.00% have severe burnout. In the dimension of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal achievement, the proportion of people in high burnout was 21.0% (91/433), 15.0% (65/433), and 45.3% (196/433), respectively. Job burnout has a mediating effect between working hours and SWB, which accounted for 95.5% of the total effect. (4) Conclusion: Plagued by long working hours and severe job burnout, the hospital administrators in China’s tertiary public hospitals may have low SWB. Working hours have a negative direct impact on job burnout and SWB, and an indirect impact on SWB through job burnout as a mediator. Targeted strategies should be taken to adjust working hours to promote the physical and mental health of hospital administrators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Jia
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (Z.J.); (X.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xiaotong Wen
- School of Health Sciences, Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, 115 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China; (X.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaohui Lin
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (Z.J.); (X.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yixiang Lin
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (Z.J.); (X.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xuyang Li
- School of Health Sciences, Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, 115 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China; (X.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Guoqing Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (Z.Y.); Tel.: +86-150-7080-3840 (G.L.); +86-135-7693-5811 (Z.Y.)
| | - Zhaokang Yuan
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (Z.J.); (X.L.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (Z.Y.); Tel.: +86-150-7080-3840 (G.L.); +86-135-7693-5811 (Z.Y.)
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Guo Y, Hu S, Liang F. The prevalence and stressors of job burnout among medical staff in Liaoning, China: a cross-section study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:777. [PMID: 33892669 PMCID: PMC8062935 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10535-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sustained attention to the prevalence and associated factors of burnout in China is important for the health care service quality and related reform. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of job burnout among medical staff in Liaoning province, China; performed a survey of subjective perception ranking for the main stressors among respondents; estimated the effect of stresses from work tasks and the relationship with patients on job burnout in order to provide improved strategy and suggestion for hospital administrators. METHODS The respondents were from 8 hospitals in 3 cities in Liaoning province, China. Data were collected and analyzed including the following sections: (1) demographic characteristics; (2) work situations; (3) ranking of six stressors; (4) job burnout scale; (5) effort-reward imbalance scale; (6) work violence scale; (7) fear of malpractice scale. A total of 1056 individuals became the study objects. A statistical analysis and hierarchical linear regression analysis were performed to explore the prevalence of burnout and the effects of stressors. RESULTS The prevalence of job burnout was 20.5, and 72.9% of all respondents reported a least one symptom of burnout. The respondents who were male, 30-39 years old, had a master's degree or high and working hours > 60 h per week, came from obstetrics and gynecology or pediatrics profession prone to job burnout. The relationship with patients and work tasks are the top two ranking stressors in the subjective perception survey. Regression analysis showed that the relationship with patients explained 19.2, 16.8 and 2.0% of variance in burnout subscales EE, DP and PA, respectively and work tasks explained 23.5, 16.0 and 5.24% of variance in burnout subscales EE, DP and PA, respectively. CONCLUSION The Chinese medical staff had high prevalence of job burnout. Some factors of demographic and work situations were associated with job burnout. The medical staff considered the relationship with patients and work tasks are the two major stressors. These two stressors are also the major indicators associated with job burnout. The hospital administrators should be aware of the risk of burnout. Efforts should be made to ameliorate the status of job burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youqi Guo
- College of the Humanities and Social Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Hu
- College of the Humanities and Social Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Liang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
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Beschoner P, von Wietersheim J, Jarczok MN, Braun M, Schönfeldt-Lecuona C, Viviani R, Jerg-Bretzke L, Kempf M, Brück A. Effort-Reward-Imbalance, Burnout, and Depression Among Psychiatrists 2006 and 2016-Changes After a Legislative Intervention. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:641912. [PMID: 33889101 PMCID: PMC8055815 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.641912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Physicians, especially psychiatrists, have a high risk of job-related stress, and mental impairment. In our study we examined changes in private and occupational stress factors and mental health within a decade. The legislative reduction of physicians' working hours in Germany during this period made it possible to investigate the impact of working hours in particular. Methods: Questionnaires were administered at two psychiatrist meetings (2006 and 2016) about job and family situation, depressiveness, burnout and effort-reward imbalance. A total of N = 1,797 datasets were analyzed. Results: Working hours and free weekends were associated with mental health indices. Correlation analyses showed that a reduction in weekly working hours and working days at weekends was related to reduced scores for effort-reward-imbalance, burnout and depression. Conclusions: Our data show changes in workplace stress and mental health in psychiatrists in a decade in which a reduction in working hours has been required by law. These results can provide indications of effective prevention strategies in the professional context of physicians working in psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Beschoner
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jörn von Wietersheim
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marc N. Jarczok
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maxi Braun
- Clinic for Ophthalmology, Marienhospital Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | | | - Roberto Viviani
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lucia Jerg-Bretzke
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kempf
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Aniela Brück
- Institute of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Zhao X, Liu S, Chen Y, Zhang Q, Wang Y. Influential Factors of Burnout among Village Doctors in China: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18042013. [PMID: 33669640 PMCID: PMC7922161 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18042013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The heavy workload and understaffed personnel of village doctors is a challenge to the rural healthcare system in China. Previous studies have documented the predictors of doctors’ burnout; however, little attention has been paid to village doctors. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and influential factors of burnout among village doctors. (2) Methods: Data was collected by a self-administered questionnaire from 1248 village doctors who had worked at rural clinics for more than a year. Burnout was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) with three dimensions—emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and reduced personal accomplishment (PA). A logistic regression model was applied to estimate the influential factors of burnout. (3) Results: The prevalence of overall burnout was 23.6%. Being male (OR = 0.58, 95%CI: 0.41–0.82), poor health status (OR = 0.80, 95%CI: 0.67–0.94), low income (OR = 0.62, 95%CI: 0.40–0.95), and a poor doctor–patient relationship (OR = 0.57, 95%CI: 0.48–0.67) were significantly related to burnout. Conclusion: Burnout is prevalent among Chinese village doctors. Policies such as increasing village doctors’ income and investing more resources in rural healthcare system should be carried out to mitigate and prevent burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhao
- Department of Medical Ethics and Law, School of Health Humanities, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China;
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Language and Culture in Medicine, School of Health Humanities, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (S.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yifan Chen
- Department of Language and Culture in Medicine, School of Health Humanities, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (S.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Quan Zhang
- National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Medical Ethics and Law, School of Health Humanities, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China;
- Correspondence:
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Teo YH, Xu JTK, Ho C, Leong JM, Tan BKJ, Tan EKH, Goh WA, Neo E, Chua JYJ, Ng SJY, Cheong JJY, Hwang JYF, Lim SM, Soo T, Sng JGK, Yi S. Factors associated with self-reported burnout level in allied healthcare professionals in a tertiary hospital in Singapore. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244338. [PMID: 33406132 PMCID: PMC7787466 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burnout has adverse implications in healthcare settings, compromising patient care. Allied health professionals (AHPs) are defined as individuals who work collaboratively to deliver routine and essential healthcare services, excluding physicians and nurses. There is a lack of studies on burnout among AHPs in Singapore. This study explored factors associated with a self-reported burnout level and barriers to seeking psychological help among AHPs in Singapore. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study in a sample of AHPs in a tertiary hospital from October to December 2019. We emailed a four-component survey to 1127 eligible participants. The survey comprised four components: (1) sociodemographic characteristics, (2) Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-HSS), (3) Areas of Worklife Survey, and (4) Perceived Barriers to Psychological Treatment (PBPT). We performed a multiple logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with burnout. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed. RESULTS In total, 328 participants completed the questionnaire. The self-reported burnout level (emotional exhaustion>27 and/or depersonalization>10) was 67.4%. The majority of the respondents were female (83.9%), Singaporean (73.5%), aged 40 years and below (84.2%), and Chinese ethnicity (79.9%). In the multiple logistic regression model, high burnout level was negatively associated with being in the age groups of 31 to 40 (AOR 0.39, 95% CI 0.16-0.93) and 40 years and older (AOR 0.30, 95% CI 0.10-0.87) and a low self-reported workload (AOR 0.35, 95% CI 0.23-0.52). High burnout level was positively associated with a work experience of three to five years (AOR 5.27, 95% CI 1.44-20.93) and more than five years (AOR 4.24; 95% CI 1.16-16.79. One hundred and ninety participants completed the PBPT component. The most frequently cited barriers to seeking psychological help by participants with burnout (n = 130) were 'negative evaluation of therapy' and 'time constraints.' CONCLUSIONS This study shows a high self-reported burnout level and identifies its associated factors among AHPs in a tertiary hospital. The findings revealed the urgency of addressing burnout in AHPs and the need for effective interventions to reduce burnout. Concurrently, proper consideration of the barriers to seeking help is warranted to improve AHPs' mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Hao Teo
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jordan Thet Ke Xu
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cowan Ho
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jui Min Leong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Kye Jyn Tan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Wei-An Goh
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elson Neo
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jonathan Yu Jing Chua
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sean Jun Yi Ng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Julia Jie Yi Cheong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeff Yi-Fu Hwang
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - See Ming Lim
- Occupational Health Clinic, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas Soo
- Occupational Health Clinic, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Judy Gek Khim Sng
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siyan Yi
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- KHANA Center for Population Health Research, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Center for Global Health Research, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA, United States of America
- School of Public Health, National Institute of Public Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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Clemens V, Beschoner P, Jarczok MN, Weimer K, Kempf M, Morawa E, Geiser F, Albus C, Steudte-Schmiedgen S, Gündel H, Fegert JM, Jerg-Bretzke L. The mediating role of COVID-19-related burden in the association between adverse childhood experiences and emotional exhaustion: results of the egePan - VOICE study. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2021; 12:1976441. [PMID: 34621498 PMCID: PMC8491662 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.1976441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) increase the risk for mental health problems. However, there is a lack of data targeting the role of ACEs for one of the most prevalent mental health problems in health-care professionals: burnout. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the relationship between ACEs and the core burnout dimension 'emotional exhaustion' (EE). As health-care professionals have been facing particular challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic, we furthermore aimed to assess the role of COVID-19 associated burden in the interplay between ACEs and EE. METHODS During the first lockdown in Germany, a total of 2500 medical healthcare professionals were questioned in a cross-sectional online survey. Questions targeted, among others, sociodemographics, ACEs, COVID-19-associated problems (e.g. increase of workload, worries about relatives and patients) and emotional exhaustion, measured by the respective dimension of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). RESULTS In German health-care professionals, ACEs were associated with a higher EE score. The number of experienced ACEs was associated with the majority of assessed COVID-19-associated problems. An increasing number of ACEs predicted higher EE scores, controlling for gender. The association between ACEs and EE was mediated significantly by COVID-19-associated problems. These included maladaptive coping strategies such as increased smoking, drinking and use of antidepressants/tranquilizers, feeling less protected by measures of the employee or the state, a greater feeling of being burdened by COVID-19-associated problems and greater exhaustion and sleep problems. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest ACEs as significant risk factor for EE in German health-care professionals. The current pandemic means a significant burden that further pronounces this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Clemens
- Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Petra Beschoner
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marc N Jarczok
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Katja Weimer
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kempf
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Eva Morawa
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Franziska Geiser
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Clinic of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Albus
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Cologne, Germany
| | - Susan Steudte-Schmiedgen
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Harald Gündel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - J M Fegert
- Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lucia Jerg-Bretzke
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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Working conditions and burnout syndrome in private bank branch employees in Ankara, Turkey. JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.755795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Lu S, Zhang L, Klazinga N, Kringos D. More public health service providers are experiencing job burnout than clinical care providers in primary care facilities in China. HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH 2020; 18:95. [PMID: 33272284 PMCID: PMC7711271 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-020-00538-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health workers are at high risk of job burnout. Primary care in China has recently expanded its scope of services to a broader range of public health services in addition to clinical care. This study aims to measure the prevalence of burnout and identify its associated factors among clinical care and public health service providers at primary care facilities. METHODS A cross-sectional survey (2018) was conducted among 17,816 clinical care and public health service providers at 701 primary care facilities from six provinces. Burnout was measured by the Chinese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Scale, and multilevel linear regression analysis was conducted to identify burnout's association with demographics, as well as occupational and organisational factors. RESULTS Overall, half of the providers (50.09%) suffered from burnout. Both the presence of burnout and the proportion of severe burnout among public health service providers (58.06% and 5.25%) were higher than among clinical care providers (47.55% and 2.26%, respectively). Similar factors were associated with burnout between clinical care and public health service providers. Younger, male, lower-educated providers and providers with intermediate professional title, permanent contract or higher working hours were related to a higher level of burnout. Organisational environment, such as the presence of a performance-based salary system, affected job burnout. CONCLUSIONS Job burnout is prevalent among different types of primary care providers in China, indicating the need for actions that encompass the entirety of primary care. We recommend strengthening the synergy between clinical care and public health services and transforming the performance-based salary system into a more quality-based system that includes teamwork incentives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Lu
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Research Centre for Rural Health Service, Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences of Hubei Provincial Department of Education, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liang Zhang
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Research Centre for Rural Health Service, Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences of Hubei Provincial Department of Education, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Niek Klazinga
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dionne Kringos
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Huang L, Caspari JH, Sun X, Thai J, Li Y, Chen FZ, Zhao XD. Risk and protective factors for burnout among physicians from standardized residency training programs in Shanghai: a cross-sectional study. BMC Health Serv Res 2020; 20:965. [PMID: 33087121 PMCID: PMC7576715 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-020-05816-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High burnout has been reported in physician populations. Although the standardized residency training (SRT) in China includes components that might put residents at a higher risk for burnout, the burnout of Chinese medical residents is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of burnout and the associated risk and protective factors for medical residents in the SRT program in Shanghai, China. Methods This study was a prospective cross-sectional design. A random sampling strategy was used to recruit 330 resident physicians from four SRT sites in Shanghai, and 318 completed questionnaires were returned. Respondents completed a self-made questionnaire including demographic and work characteristics, four burnout and wellness-specific surveys. Bivariate analyses and hierarchical multiple regression models were used to analyze factors associated with three sub-scales of burn out separately. Results The overall burnout rate was 71.4%. Low level rate of personal accomplishment (PA) was extremely high at 69.5%. Night shift experience, high occupational stress, and low social support were significant predictors, which explained 49.1% variance of emotional exhaustion (EE) (F = 26.528, P < 0.01). Factors that significantly predicted depersonalization (DP) included male gender, senior residents, night shift experience, high occupational stress, and low psychological empathy, which explained 51.5% variance totally (F = 29.004, P < 0.01). Senior residents, high income, low occupational stress, and high empathy were also significant predictors of decreased personal achievement (PA), which explained 18.4% variance totally (F = 12.897, P < 0.01). Conclusions There was a high burnout rate among SRT residents in Shanghai. Occupational stress and several work-related factors were significant and strong risk factors for burnout, while empathy and social support were mild protective factors. Decreased work-related demands and increased access to resources could assist residents in reducing their work stress and improving their well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Medical Education Division & Department of Psychiatry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Xiaoting Sun
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jessica Thai
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yaxi Li
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fa-Zhan Chen
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xu-Dong Zhao
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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El-Menyar A, Ibrahim WH, El Ansari W, Gomaa M, Sathian B, Hssain AA, Wahlen B, Nabir S, Al-Thani H. Characteristics and predictors of burnout among healthcare professionals: a cross-sectional study in two tertiary hospitals. Postgrad Med J 2020; 97:583-589. [PMID: 32796117 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-137547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pattern and impact of burnout among the medical staff are not yet well defined. However, the consequences of burnout are not limited to the healthcare providers but also may affect their family, colleagues and patients in a negative manner. We aimed to assess the characteristics and predictors of burnout among health professionals at two large tertiary hospitals. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study during the period from July 2018 to 31 December 2018. Data, via Maslach Burnout Inventory survey, were collected from physicians and other healthcare workers in two hospitals. RESULTS A total of 624 responses to questionnaires were analysed. Half of the respondents were physicians, and men constituted the majority. About 10% (95% CI, 7.8 to 12.5) of the respondents satisfied the criteria of burnout. Emotional exhaustion (EE) was observed in 45.7%, depersonalisation (DP) in 26.9% and personal accomplishment (PA) in 41.2% of the respondents. There was a positive correlation between EE and DP (r=0.627, p=0.001), and a weak negative correlation between DP and PA (r=-0.195, p=0.001). Young age, less experience, trauma surgery, lack of habits and getting depressed ≥1 time/week were predictors of burnout. CONCLUSIONS Burnout affects one-tenth of the health professionals in the tertiary hospitals in Qatar. Physicians are more likely to have higher DP and lower PA, whereas nurses prone to have higher EE. In this study, no gender discrepancy is appreciated and the junior medical staff is at a higher risk of burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman El-Menyar
- Trauma Surgery , Clinical Research, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar .,Clinical Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical School, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Walid El Ansari
- Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Qatar & College of Medicine, Qatar university, Doha, Qatar.,Qatar & School of Health and Education, University of Skovde, Skovde, Sweden
| | - Mohamed Gomaa
- Cardiology, Heart Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Brijesh Sathian
- Trauma Surgery , Clinical Research, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali Ait Hssain
- Internal Medicine, Intensive care unit, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Bianca Wahlen
- Anaesthesiology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Syed Nabir
- Radiology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Geng H, Tan F, Deng Y, Lai L, Zhang J, Wu Z, Liu P, Zhu Q. High rate of burnout among residents under standardized residency training in a tertiary teaching hospital of middle China: Results from a cross-sectional survey. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20901. [PMID: 32629681 PMCID: PMC7337465 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Burnout has been commonly observed in health care workers. Though research has been conducted involving burnout among doctors in China, few studies have focused on residents during standardized residency training (SRT). The professional status of the residents during SRT remains largely unclear. The present study was conducted in order to clarify the prevalence and potential risk factors of burnout in residents during SRT.An electronic questionnaire comprised 2 parts. The first part was designed to collect some basic characteristic information. Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey was included in the second part.As many as 71.05% residents had at least 1 scale of burnout. Emotional exhaustion (EE) was found in 55.6% residents, depersonalization (DP) in 29.7% and reduced personal accomplishment (RPA) in 41.6%. Being older than 27, senior SRT year, working time more than 60 hours per week and poor sleeping quality was independently associated with at least on scale of burnout. Being unable to receive timely supervisor support significantly increased the probability of DP and EE. Not having friends at work or feeling cared for by the hospital were independently related to all 3 symptoms of burnout as well as overall burnout.Burnout rate is high in residents under SRT from middle part of China. Organizational, professional, and social support was demonstrated critical by the potential roles in protecting against burnout. Residents with burnout were prone to considering turnover. Strategies for managing burnout related factors among residents should be focused in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfang Geng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City
| | - Fang Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen City
| | - Yingqing Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University
| | - Lifei Lai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University
| | - Jiaqiang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- Comprehensive Assessment Department of Chinese medical doctor association, Beijing City, People's Republic of China
| | - Peibin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University
| | - Qianqian Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University
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Mao Y, Hu Y, Feng Z, Wang R, Chen X, Zhang W, Yang G. Job burnout and correlated factors of three-tiered public health workers: A cross-sectional study in China. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2020; 28:1241-1251. [PMID: 32128900 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to reveal burnout levels and its potential influencing factors among three-tiered public health workers in China. A total of 1,328 public health workers from cities, counties and townships in Henan and Hubei provinces participated. Cumulative logistic regressions were used to determine job burnout predictors. Township workers (β = 0.276, p = .046) showed higher levels of emotional exhaustion (EE) than city workers. Municipal workers showed higher levels of depersonalisation (DP) (β = -0.439, p = .004) and lack of personal accomplishment (LPA) (β = -0.343, p = .005) than township workers. Compared with those who had better results, township workers with average levels of interpersonal relationships (β = 0.703, p = .014) exhibited higher EE degrees. Municipal (β = 1.050, p < .001) and county (β = 1.359, p < .001) workers with moderate training satisfaction had higher levels of burnout than those with a high degree of training satisfaction. Municipal (β = 3.933, p < .001) and county (β = 1.218, p = .018) workers earning 2,000 RMB and below every month were more likely to have higher burnout levels than those earning 4,001 RMB and above. Township respondents exhibited high EE levels, given the low-level education of their services' target audience. Similarly affected by interpersonal relationships, township workers require interpersonal and emotional intervention programmes. City respondents showed a high level of DP and LPA, which was attributed to considerable differences between public health workers and medical workers in cities. Hence, apart from narrowing the reward gap between clinicians and public health workers, improving public health workers' social cognition and status by various channels was found necessary. The burnout of municipal and county respondents were influenced by income and training. Improving the role of income as incentive and reforming trainings programmes would be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Mao
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yue Hu
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhanchun Feng
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ruoxi Wang
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weiping Zhang
- Health Commission of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Gaiying Yang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Mao Y, Fu H, Feng Z, Feng D, Chen X, Yang J, Li Y. Could the connectedness of primary health care workers involved in social networks affect their job burnout? A cross-sectional study in six counties, Central China. BMC Health Serv Res 2020; 20:557. [PMID: 32552752 PMCID: PMC7302340 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-020-05426-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to reveal the effects of the connectedness of primary health care (PHC) workers in social networks on their job burnout. Methods Cross-sectional survey data of rural PHC workers in China were analyzed. A total of 663 respondents were enrolled. Chi-square and cumulative logistic regression were used to determine the effects of the connectedness of PHC workers in social networks on their job burnout. Results PHC workers in rural China had high levels of emotional exhaustion (24.1%), depersonalization (15.7%), and lack of personal accomplishment (34.7%). More than half of the participants were in the middle connectedness level in terms of their advisory (70.4%) and friendship (70.3%) networks. The degree of emotional exhaustion seemed to increase when participants had a low connectedness in their friendship networks (β = 0.769, 95% CI = 0.080–1.458, P = 0.029). Respondents with the middle level of connectedness in advisory networks had higher levels of depersonalization (β = 0.739, 95% CI = 0.130–1.348, P = 0.017) and lack of personal accomplishment (β = 0.583, 95% CI = 0.111–1.055, P = 0.015) than those with the high degree of connectedness in advisory networks. Conclusions The connectedness of PHC workers in social networks influenced their job burnout. Thus, organizations should establish an informal communication platform and information feedback mechanism, promote and manage friendship networks, and help PHC workers overcome emotional exhaustion. Managers should also encourage individuals with a high level of connectedness in advisory networks play the role of “opinion leader” so that they can help others mitigate burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Mao
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Research center for Rural Health Services, Hubei Province Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Hang Fu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhanchun Feng
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China. .,Research center for Rural Health Services, Hubei Province Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Da Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Research center for Rural Health Services, Hubei Province Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jian Yang
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Research center for Rural Health Services, Hubei Province Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanqing Li
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Research center for Rural Health Services, Hubei Province Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
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Ma H, Qiao H, Qu H, Wang H, Huang Y, Cheng H, Teng C, Diao K, Zhang X, Zhang N. Role stress, social support and occupational burnout among physicians in China: a path analysis approach. Int Health 2020; 12:157-163. [PMID: 31343067 PMCID: PMC11973427 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihz054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational burnout in physicians is prevalent and can have many negative effects. The purposes of this study were to explore the prevalence of occupational burnout and to analyze the effects of social support and role stress on occupational burnout among Chinese physicians. METHODS Using multistage-stratified cluster random sampling, physicians were selected to participate in the study and completed three questionnaires: the Chinese Maslach Burnout Inventory; the Cross-Cultural Role Conflict, Ambiguity and Overload Scale; and the Social Support Rating Scale. A path analysis was run to test the effects of role stress and social support on occupational burnout. RESULTS Of 2530 physicians, 864 (34.2%) were experiencing moderate occupational burnout and 140 (5.5%) were experiencing severe occupational burnout. The path analysis results indicated that role conflict had direct positive effects on emotional exhaustion (EE) and depersonalization (DP), and role ambiguity had direct positive effects on DP and decreased personal accomplishment (DPA). Coworker support had direct negative effects on EE and positive effects on DP, family support had direct negative effects on DP and DPA. Coworker support mediated the effects of role ambiguity on EE and DP, and family support mediated the effects of role ambiguity on DP and DPA. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that occupational burnout is common in Chinese physicians, and that role stress and social support play important roles in occupational burnout. Interventions that aim to reduce role stress and increase social support can be effective approaches to prevent occupational burnout among physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ma
- Department of Medical Psychology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - HuiFen Qiao
- Department of Medical Psychology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - HaiTao Qu
- Educational and Counseling Department of Mental Health, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Neurology, Lianyungang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Medical Insurance Audit Department, Hangzhou Medical Insurance Management and Service Bureau, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Educational and Counseling Department of Mental Health, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - ChangJun Teng
- Department of Medical Psychology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - KaiLi Diao
- Psychology Department, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - XiangRong Zhang
- Department of Medical Psychology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Medical Psychology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Zhang S, Wang J, Xie F, Yin D, Shi Y, Zhang M, Yin H, Li F, Yang L, Cao D, Sun T. A cross-sectional study of job burnout, psychological attachment, and the career calling of Chinese doctors. BMC Health Serv Res 2020; 20:193. [PMID: 32164684 PMCID: PMC7068889 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-020-4996-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The main objectives of this study were as follows: (1) evaluate the prevalence of burnout syndrome among doctors, (2) establish associations with demographic factors in China, and (3) examine the mediating role of psychological attachment in the relationship between job burnout and career calling. Methods This cross-sectional survey was conducted by administering an online questionnaire in May 2016. The survey was performed across Thirty provinces. In total, A total of 3016 Chinese doctors were selected as participants, of which 2617 completed valid questionnaires (effective response rate: 86.77%). Results The overall prevalence of burnout symptoms among Chinese doctors was 85.79%. Little variance was reported for burnout symptoms according to age (Waldχ2 = 6.843, P < 0.05, OR < 1), professional title (Waldχ2 = 13.110, P < 0.05, OR > 1), and daily working hours (Waldχ2 = 7.226, P < 0.05, OR > 1). However, the burnout of Chinese doctors was found to be associated with psychological attachment (B = − 0.6433, P < 0.0001) and career calling (B = 0.3653, P < 0.0001); furthermore, psychological attachment (B = 0.2350, P < 0.001) mediated the relationship between job burnout and career calling. Conclusion Burnout symptoms among Chinese doctors were prevalent and associated with age, professional title, and long working hours. Chinese doctors aged 20–30 experienced a much higher level of burnout symptoms. The longer hours doctors worked, the more likely they were at risk of burnout symptoms, especially among attending physicians. Doctors who endured high-level burnout tended to exhibit decreasing psychological attachment, which threatened their sense of career calling. Finally, this paper proposed related explanations for the function mechanisms based on both theoretical and practical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu'e Zhang
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Student Grade department, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Fengzhe Xie
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Dong Yin
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hongyan Yin
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Fujun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The first Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150010, China
| | - Libin Yang
- Center for Higher Education Research and Teaching Quality Evaluation, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Depin Cao
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China. .,Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Health Management, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
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Xu W, Pan Z, Li Z, Lu S, Zhang L. Job Burnout Among Primary Healthcare Workers in Rural China: A Multilevel Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17030727. [PMID: 31979154 PMCID: PMC7036765 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The health workers in rural primary care systems are at the increasing risk of job burnout. To explore the prevalence and associated factors of the job burnout among the primary healthcare worker in rural China, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 15,627 participants in 459 township hospitals from six provinces. A combination of stratified multi-stage sampling and cluster sampling method, and a self-administrated questionnaire with the Chinese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Scale (MBI-GS) were used in the investigation. Multilevel regression analyses were used to examine the potential associated factors on both individual and organisational levels. 47.6% of respondents were experiencing moderate burnout, and 3.3% were in severe burnout. Professionals working for over 40 h per week, at young age, with a college degree, and with professional titles at medium or high rank reported a higher degree of job burnout. At the institutional level, the high ratio of performance-based salary was associated with a higher level of depersonalization. Burnout has become prevalent among the primary healthcare workers in rural China, and multiple strategies are needed to reduce the work stress and some high-risk groups’ vulnerability to job burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanchun Xu
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (W.X.); (Z.P.); (Z.L.); (S.L.)
- Research Centre for Rural Health Service, Key Research Institute of Humanities & Social Sciences of Hubei Provincial Department of Education, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Zijing Pan
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (W.X.); (Z.P.); (Z.L.); (S.L.)
- Research Centre for Rural Health Service, Key Research Institute of Humanities & Social Sciences of Hubei Provincial Department of Education, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Zhong Li
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (W.X.); (Z.P.); (Z.L.); (S.L.)
- Research Centre for Rural Health Service, Key Research Institute of Humanities & Social Sciences of Hubei Provincial Department of Education, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Shan Lu
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (W.X.); (Z.P.); (Z.L.); (S.L.)
- Research Centre for Rural Health Service, Key Research Institute of Humanities & Social Sciences of Hubei Provincial Department of Education, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (W.X.); (Z.P.); (Z.L.); (S.L.)
- Research Centre for Rural Health Service, Key Research Institute of Humanities & Social Sciences of Hubei Provincial Department of Education, Wuhan 430000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-027-8361-0982
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Beschoner P, von Wietersheim J, Jarczok MN, Braun M, Schönfeldt-Lecuona C, Jerg-Bretzke L, Steiner L. Changes in Working Conditions and Mental Health Among Intensive Care Physicians Across a Decade. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:145. [PMID: 32296349 PMCID: PMC7136524 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: International studies have shown that among physicians working in intensive care, a relatively high level of work load, an elevated risk of developing burnout and reduced mental health are frequent. The implementation of a legislative intervention in Germany with the goal to reduce the working hours of physicians, offered an opportunity to investigate the potential influence of occupational conditions on stress and mental health. The present study investigates working conditions, occupational stress and burnout risk in two samples of German Intensive Care Physicians in 2006 and 2016. The aim was to assess how occupational and private stress factors influenced burnout and Effort-Reward-Imbalance indices over this time-period. Methods: Intensive care physicians were surveyed during the annual conference of their profession in two cross-sectional studies (10-year gap). Data on demographic (occupational, family), medical history, and mental health (burnout and Effort-Reward-Imbalance) were assessed by paper pencil questionnaires. Results: In total, N = 2,085 physicians participated (2006: N = 1,403, 2016: N = 695), with N = 1,840 (2006 = 1,248; 2016 = 592) eligible for propensity score matching comparison. In general, more working hours per week and working days on weekends were associated with an increased effort/reward imbalance and higher burnout scores. From 2006 to 2016, reductions in working hours per week and days worked on weekends were accompanied by improvements in occupational stress (Effort-Reward-Imbalance) and by trend in mental health indices (burnout) after matching for differences in working conditions. Conclusions: The study presents the changes concerning occupational stress factors and mental wellbeing in physicians working in intensive care in 2016 as compared to 2006. These findings may promote the implementation of preventive strategies in the vocational context to protect health and productivity of physicians, especially intensive care physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Beschoner
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jörn von Wietersheim
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marc N Jarczok
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maxi Braun
- Clinic of Psychosomatics Kloster Dießen, Dießen am Ammersee, Germany
| | | | - Lucia Jerg-Bretzke
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Laurenz Steiner
- III. Medical Clinic, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
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Gan Y, Jiang H, Li L, Yang Y, Wang C, Liu J, Yang T, Opoku S, Hu S, Xu H, Herath C, Chang Y, Fang P, Lu Z. Prevalence of burnout and associated factors among general practitioners in Hubei, China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1607. [PMID: 31791282 PMCID: PMC6889526 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7755-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High occupational burnout among general practitioners (GPs) is an important challenge to China’s efforts to strengthen its primary healthcare delivery; however, data to help understand this issue are unavailable. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of burnout and associated factors among GPs. Methods A cross-sectional design was used to collect data from December 12, 2014, to March 10, 2015, with a self-administered structured questionnaire from 1015 GPs (response rate, 85.6%) in Hubei Province, Central China. Burnout was measured using a 22-item Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS). MBI-HSS scores and frequency were analyzed by the three dimensions of emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and personal accomplishment (PA). Factors associated with burnout among GPs were estimated using a multiple linear regression model. Results Of the respondents, 2.46% had a high level of burnout in all three dimensions, 24.83% reported high levels of EE, 6.21% scored high on DP, and 33.99% were at high risk of PA. GPs who were unmarried, had lower levels of job satisfaction, and had been exposed to workplace violence experienced higher levels of burnout. Intriguingly, no statistically significant associations were found between burnout and the duration of GP practice, age, sex, income, practice setting, and professional level. Conclusion This is the first study of occupational burnout in Chinese general practice. Burnout is prevalent among GPs in Hubei, China. Interventions aimed at increasing job satisfaction, improving doctor-patient relationships and providing safer workplace environments may be promising strategies to reduce burnout among GPs in Hubei, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Gan
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Heng Jiang
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Liqing Li
- Department of Management Science and Engineering, School of Economics and Management, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yudi Yang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jianxin Liu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Department of Nutrition, People's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Sampson Opoku
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Sai Hu
- Department of Medical Records and Statistics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongbin Xu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Chulani Herath
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Open University of Sri Lanka, Nawala, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Yuanyuan Chang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Pengqian Fang
- Academy of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China. .,Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zuxun Lu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Orozco JM, Furman J, McAndrews KK, Keenan MM, Roman C, Guthrie J, Lloyd CJ, Wilson AB. Assessing Burnout Among Advanced Practice Providers (APPs) Compared with APP Trainees. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATOR 2019; 29:1023-1031. [PMID: 34457580 PMCID: PMC8368865 DOI: 10.1007/s40670-019-00799-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study explored the prevalence of burnout syndrome among advanced practice providers (APPs = physician assistants (PAs) and advanced practice nurses (APNs)) and physician assistant students in training to become APPs. While previous research has focused on understanding burnout in a myriad of health professions, burnout among APPs and APP trainees has been underexplored. As such, this work serves as a primer for establishing benchmark levels of burnout in these specific healthcare provider/trainee populations. METHODS This study distributed a modified Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) to a sample of 297 APPs and 1200 PA students. Mean differences in burnout scores were compared against a national reference sample of healthcare professionals using one sample t tests and linear regression explored relationships among demographics and burnout dimension scores. RESULTS APPs (n = 124) and APP trainees (n = 230) who responded to the survey displayed average levels of burnout, though both populations expressed significantly lower personal accomplishment scores than the national reference sample. No significant differences were detected between APNs and practicing PAs (p = 0.761). Increased age was negatively associated with depersonalization scores suggesting that APP trainees and younger APPs are at higher risk of developing severe burnout and may need additional support in their training and early careers. Furthermore, the prevalence of burnout between APPs and APP trainees was found to be comparable, suggesting that burnout from training may persist into practice. CONCLUSIONS A small proportion of APPs and APP trainees may be at risk of developing severe burnout. Individuals in these "at risk" populations may need additional support during training and perhaps later on in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Orozco
- Department of Physician Assistant Studies, College of Health Sciences, Rush University, Kellogg Building, Suite 1117, 1750 W. Congress Parkway, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Janet Furman
- Office of Advanced Practice, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | | | | | - Christopher Roman
- Department of Physician Assistant Studies, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Jennifer Guthrie
- Department of Physician Assistant Studies, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Courtney J. Lloyd
- Department of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Saint Francis, Fort Wayne, IN USA
| | - Adam B. Wilson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, Rush University, Chicago, IL USA
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Bourne T, Shah H, Falconieri N, Timmerman D, Lees C, Wright A, Lumsden MA, Regan L, Van Calster B. Burnout, well-being and defensive medical practice among obstetricians and gynaecologists in the UK: cross-sectional survey study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e030968. [PMID: 31767585 PMCID: PMC6887071 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of burnout in doctors practising obstetrics and gynaecology, and assess the association with defensive medical practice and self-reported well-being. DESIGN Nationwide online cross-sectional survey study; December 2017-March 2018. SETTING Hospitals in the UK. PARTICIPANTS 5661 practising obstetrics and gynaecology consultants, specialty and associate specialist doctors and trainees registered with the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence of burnout using the Maslach Burnout Inventory and defensive medical practice (avoiding cases or procedures, overprescribing, over-referral) using a 12-item questionnaire. The odds ratios (OR) of burnout with defensive medical practice and self-reported well-being. RESULTS 3102/5661 doctors (55%) completed the survey. 3073/3102 (99%) met the inclusion criteria (1462 consultants, 1357 trainees and 254 specialty and associate specialist doctors). 1116/3073 (36%) doctors met the burnout criteria, with levels highest amongst trainees (580/1357 (43%)). 258/1116 (23%) doctors with burnout reported increased defensive practice compared with 142/1957 (7%) without (adjusted OR 4.35, 95% CI 3.46 to 5.49). ORs of burnout with well-being items varied between 1.38 and 6.37, and were highest for anxiety (3.59, 95% CI 3.07 to 4.21), depression (4.05, 95% CI 3.26 to 5.04) and suicidal thoughts (6.37, 95% CI 95% CI 3.95 to 10.7). In multivariable logistic regression, being of younger age, white or 'other' ethnicity, and graduating with a medical degree from the UK or Ireland had the strongest associations with burnout. CONCLUSIONS High levels of burnout were observed in obstetricians and gynaecologists and particularly among trainees. Burnout was associated with both increased defensive medical practice and worse doctor well-being. These findings have implications for the well-being and retention of doctors as well as the quality of patient care, and may help to inform the content of future interventions aimed at preventing burnout and improving patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Bourne
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Development & Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Harsha Shah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nora Falconieri
- Department of Development & Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Timmerman
- Department of Development & Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christoph Lees
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Development & Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alison Wright
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Mary Ann Lumsden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lesley Regan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Ben Van Calster
- Department of Development & Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
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Physician burnout, a new term, a well-known concept in the medieval era: a thematic review of Ruhawi’s Adab al-Tabib. Ir J Psychol Med 2019; 39:398-405. [PMID: 37039084 DOI: 10.1017/ipm.2019.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In 1974, Herbert Freudenberger introduced the phrase ‘Burnout in Healing Professional Workers’. Despite the existence of numerous investigations on physician burnout, only a few studies on its historical aspects can be found. This is the first research to present historical evidence on ‘physician burnout’ as pointed out in the book ‘Adab al-Tabib’ written by Ruhawi (9th century AD). He is shown to have an understanding of this concept by talking about job stress in his book, although he offers no exact equivalent definition for this state. In fact, finding an equivalent term to 20th century burnout in a book written a thousand years ago is almost impossible. Most interestingly, the same preventive strategies for physician burnout and its causes as those scientifically discovered in recent years can be evidenced to have been introduced by Ruhawi. Hence, ‘Adab al-Tabib’ is an outstanding work on physician burnout in the medieval era.
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Li H, Yuan B, Meng Q, Kawachi I. Contextual Factors Associated with Burnout among Chinese Primary Care Providers: A Multilevel Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16193555. [PMID: 31547533 PMCID: PMC6801650 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Burnout is a common and growing phenomenon in the health care setting. The objective of the present study is to examine contextual factors in the workplace associated with burnout among primary care providers (PCPs) in Shandong Province, China. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 951 PCPs nested within 48 primary health institutions (PHIs). Burnout was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS). We used two-level random intercept linear regression models to examine individual- versus workplace-level risk factors for burnout. The result revealed that 33.12%, 8.83% and 41.43% PCPs were experiencing a high degree of emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP) and low personal accomplishment (PA). In multilevel analysis, the most significant and common individual-level predictors of burnout were lack of perceived work support and autonomy. At the institutional level, workload was positively related to EE (odds ratio (OR): 6.59; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.46-9.72), while work support was related to higher PA (OR: 3.49; 95% CI: 0.81-6.17). Greater attention should be paid to the influence of the work environment factors (workload and work support) to prevent burnout. Strategies such as increasing human resources allocated to PHIs and establishing a supportive work environment are encouraged to prevent and reduce burnout among PCPs in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Li
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Beibei Yuan
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Qingyue Meng
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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