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Zong J, Wu X, Huang X, Yuan L, Yuan K, Zhang Z, Jiang M, Ping Z, Cheong LY, Xu A, Hoo RLC. Adipocyte-derived shed Syndecan-4 suppresses lipolysis contributing to impaired adipose tissue browning and adaptive thermogenesis. Mol Metab 2025; 96:102133. [PMID: 40180176 PMCID: PMC12004711 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2025.102133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2025] [Revised: 03/17/2025] [Accepted: 03/26/2025] [Indexed: 04/05/2025] Open
Abstract
Lipolysis in white adipose tissue (WAT) provides fatty acids as energy substrates for thermogenesis to increase energy expenditure. Syndecan-4 (Sdc4) is a transmembrane proteoglycan bearing heparan sulfate chains. Although single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the Sdc4 gene have been identified linking to metabolic syndromes, its specific function in adipose tissue remains obscure. Here, we show that Sdc4 serves as a regulator of lipid metabolism and adaptive thermogenesis. Sdc4 expression and shedding are elevated in the white adipose tissue (WAT) of diet-induced obese mice. Adipocyte-specific deletion of Sdc4 promotes lipolysis and WAT browning, thereby raising whole-body energy expenditure to protect against diet-induced obesity. Mechanistically, fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is a paracrine factor that maintains energy homeostasis. Elevated shed Sdc4 concentrates and delivers FGF2 to fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) on adipocytes, which in turn suppresses lipolysis by reducing hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) activity, thus exaggerating adipose tissue dysfunction upon high-fat diet induction. Sdc4-deficient adipocytes show higher lipolytic and thermogenic capacity by enhancing HSL phosphorylation and UCP1 expression. Overall, our study reveals that adipocyte-derived shed Sdc4 is a novel suppressor of lipolysis, contributing to decreased energy expenditure, thus exaggerating obesity. Targeting shed Sdc4 is a potential therapeutic strategy for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuyu Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaowen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lufengzi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mengxue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhihui Ping
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lai Yee Cheong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ruby Lai Chong Hoo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
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Zhang A, Liu Q, Xiong Y, Li J, Xu Y, Song H, Jing X, Xu H, Yang N, Li Y, Mo L, Tang Q, He J. Tirzepatide reduces body weight by increasing fat utilization via the central nervous system-adipose tissue axis in male mice. Diabetes Obes Metab 2025; 27:2844-2856. [PMID: 40000395 DOI: 10.1111/dom.16294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2025] [Accepted: 02/13/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025]
Abstract
AIMS Tirzepatide, a dual glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonist, demonstrates promise as a potent medication for obesity. However, the extent to which its weight-reducing effects go beyond suppressing appetite remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate this by establishing a pair-fed control group, effectively eliminating the influence of reduced caloric intake. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice fed on a chow diet or a high-fat diet received single or long-term intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of tirzepatide or vehicle. The vehicle-treated mice were pair-fed to the tirzepatide-treated group to avoid the impact induced by different caloric intakes. Body weight and food intake were monitored daily. Respiratory exchange ratio (RER) was determined in metabolic cages. Fat utilization was calculated based on RER. Parameters of lipid metabolism were evaluated. RESULTS Mice receiving i.c.v. administration of tirzepatide exhibited significant reductions in body weight and fat content compared with pair-fed controls. These effects were mediated by increased lipolytic capacity in white adipose tissue and enhanced thermogenesis in brown and beige adipose tissues, leading to decreased RER and increased lipid utilization. Mechanistic investigations revealed that these effects were primarily mediated by sympathetic nervous system innervation of adipose tissues. This innervation, in turn, might be associated with the neuronal activity changes in the dorsomedial hypothalamus and the nucleus of the solitary tract within the hindbrain. CONCLUSIONS These findings establish a critical role for tirzepatide in shifting the substrate preference to fat utilization through the central nervous system-adipose tissue axis, promoting weight loss independent of food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailin Zhang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qinhui Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yimin Xiong
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haiying Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiandan Jing
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haixia Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Na Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Mo
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinhan He
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Roberts TD, Hutchinson DS, Wootten D, De Blasio MJ, Ritchie RH. Advances in incretin therapies for targeting cardiovascular disease in diabetes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2025; 202:102-115. [PMID: 40086589 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2025.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2025] [Accepted: 03/11/2025] [Indexed: 03/16/2025]
Abstract
The global prevalence of obesity is skyrocketing at an alarming rate, with recent data estimating that one-in-eight people are now living with the disease. Obesity is a chronic metabolic disorder that shares underlying pathophysiology with other metabolically-linked diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and diabetic cardiomyopathy. There is a distinct correlation between type 2 diabetes status and the likelihood of heart failure. Of note, there is an apparent sexual dimorphism, with women disproportionately affected with respect to the degree of severity of the cardiac phenotype of diabetic cardiomyopathy that results from diabetes. The current pharmacotherapies available for the attenuation of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes are not always effective, and have varying degrees of efficacy in the setting of heart failure. Insulin can worsen heart failure prognosis whereas metformin, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and more recently, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), have demonstrated cardioprotection with their administration. This review will highlight the advancement of incretin therapies for individuals with diabetes and heart failure and explore newly-reported evidence of the clinical usefulness of GLP-1R agonists in this distinct phenotype of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Roberts
- Heart Failure Pharmacology Laboratory, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Dana S Hutchinson
- Metabolic G Protein-Coupled Receptor Laboratory, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Denise Wootten
- Metabolic G Protein-Coupled Receptor Laboratory, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia; ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Miles J De Blasio
- Heart Failure Pharmacology Laboratory, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia.
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology Laboratory, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia.
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Cheraghi S, Mobaderi T, Mottaghi A, Movahedi Motlagh F, Taghizadeh S, Eghbali M. Genetic variants in the MC4R gene and risk of obesity/overweight: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab 2025. [PMID: 40302631 DOI: 10.1111/dom.16425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2025] [Revised: 04/11/2025] [Accepted: 04/15/2025] [Indexed: 05/02/2025]
Abstract
AIM Obesity is a significant health issue worldwide, progressing due to genetic factors and lifestyle. Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) gene polymorphisms have been identified as a cause of overweight and obesity risk. The aim of this study was a comprehensive assessment of MC4R polymorphism effects on overweight/obesity risk. METHODS All retrieved literature from PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus according to PRISMA guidelines up to June 2022 was reviewed. Inclusion criteria are restricted to English-language, human case-control/cohort studies with genotype distributions of MC4R polymorphisms and their association with obesity and overweight in any geographic regions and age. The heterogeneity using the I-squared statistic (I2), the Q-test and Prediction Interval (PI) and publication bias using Begg's and Egger's tests were examined, and the pooled odds ratios in different genetic models were estimated using a random effect model. Subgroup analysis was performed by the geographic regions and age groups. Risk of bias for individual studies was not assessed. The review is limited by restricted racial diversity and exclusion of environmental factors, incomplete data and limited access to certain articles. This work received no specific funding, and the review was not prospectively registered. RESULTS In our study, 39 eligible studies with 43 697 overweight and obese cases and 52 272 normal weights were included. In mixed-age populations, rs17700633, rs17782313, rs11872992, rs12970134, rs2229616 and rs571312 were evaluated. The remarkable association was seen by rs17782313 and rs12970134 in the Homozygous model (OR = 1.73; 95% CI: 1.51, 1.98 and 1.74; 95% CI: 1.29; 2.35, respectively). In addition, rs17782313 and rs12970134 were found to be more strongly linked to overweight and obesity in Asian and European population groups, as determined by a subgroup analysis of the geographic regions. CONCLUSION The present study confirms the high association of rs17782313 and rs12970134 with obesity and overweight in all age groups and geographic regions. However, further functional studies and high-population research on other MC4R SNPs must validate their role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cheraghi
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tofigh Mobaderi
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Mottaghi
- Research Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sara Taghizadeh
- Translational Ophthalmology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Eghbali
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ng JCM, Schooling CM. Sex-specific Mendelian randomization phenome-wide association study of basal metabolic rate. Sci Rep 2025; 15:14368. [PMID: 40274879 PMCID: PMC12022104 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-98017-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2025] [Indexed: 04/26/2025] Open
Abstract
Observationally, higher basal metabolic rate (BMR) is associated with metabolism-related disorders, cancer, aging, and mortality. In this Mendelian randomization (MR) phenome-wide association study, using two-sample MR methods, we systematically and comprehensively investigated the health effects of genetically predicted BMR across the phenome sex-specifically. We obtained sex-specific genetic variants strongly (p < 5 × 10- 8) and independently (r2 < 0.001) predicting BMR from the UK Biobank and applied them to over 1,000 phenotypes within the same study. We combined genetic variant-specific Wald estimates using inverse-variance weighting, supplemented by sensitivity analysis. We used a false-discovery rate correction to allow for multiple comparisons as well as multivariable MR adjusted for body mass index and testosterone to investigate the independent effects of BMR on phenotypes with significant univariable associations. We obtained 217/219 genetic variants predicting BMR and applied them to 1,150/1,242 phenotypes in men/women, respectively. BMR was associated with 190/270 phenotypes in univariable analysis and 122/123 phenotypes in multivariable analysis in men/women. Examples of robust associations in multivariable analysis included those with neoplasms, diseases of the circulatory system, and growth and reproductive investment. In conclusion, BMR might affect a wide range of health-related outcomes. The underlying mechanisms and interactions between phenotypes warrant further study, as BMR is modifiable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack C M Ng
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - C Mary Schooling
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
- Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, The City University of New York, 55 West 125th St, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
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Lin XY, Wang J, Zhang WS, Jiang CQ, Jin YL, Cheng KK, Lam TH, Xu L. Maximal weight change during adulthood and breast cancer risk: A 14-year follow-up of the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study. Cancer Epidemiol 2025; 97:102825. [PMID: 40273739 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2025.102825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2025] [Revised: 04/04/2025] [Accepted: 04/11/2025] [Indexed: 04/26/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a risk factor for breast cancer (BC) after menopause, but the association of weight fluctuation during adulthood with BC risk remains unknown. METHODS A total of 20,056 female participants aged 50 years or older from the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study (2003-2008) were followed up until 2020 through linkage with the cancer registry. At baseline, maximal weight change was defined as the difference between the highest and lowest weight since age 18. Cox proportional hazards regression was used, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS During an average follow-up of 14.2 years, 326 BC cases were identified. A maximal weight gain of 5 kg or more since age 18 was associated with a higher BC risk, compared to a weight change of less than 5 kg (adjusted hazard ratio [adHR] 1.36, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.81; P = 0.03). Among participants who gained 5 kg or more, each additional kilogram was associated with a 2 % higher BC risk (adHR 1.02 per 1 kg, 95 % CI 1.00-1.04; P = 0.02). Similar patterns were found in women who reached the highest weight before the age of 50 (adHR 1.06 per 1 kg, 95 % CI 1.03-1.08; P < 0.001). Additionally, a 1-kg increase in weight was associated with a 10 % (95 % CI 1.05-1.16; P < 0.001) higher risk of BC in women who weighed more than peers at age 20. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that preventing excessive weight gain in adulthood, particularly among women who reached their highest weight before 50 years of age and who were heavier than peers at age 20, may reduce BC risk. Weight management should be emphasized, both at the highest and earliest adult years, in mitigating BC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yi Lin
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Greater Bay Area Public Health Research Collaboration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Greater Bay Area Public Health Research Collaboration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Sen Zhang
- Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China; Greater Bay Area Public Health Research Collaboration, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Chao Qiang Jiang
- Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China; Greater Bay Area Public Health Research Collaboration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya Li Jin
- Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kar Keung Cheng
- Department of Applied Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tai Hing Lam
- Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China; School of Public Health, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Greater Bay Area Public Health Research Collaboration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Xu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; School of Public Health, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Applied Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Greater Bay Area Public Health Research Collaboration, Guangzhou, China.
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Feng LB. The correlation between different lifestyles and body composition focuses on eating habits, nutritional status, and physical exercise components. Hormones (Athens) 2025:10.1007/s42000-025-00661-3. [PMID: 40266535 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-025-00661-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2025] [Indexed: 04/24/2025]
Abstract
When it comes to nutritional status and physical performance, body composition is significant. Previous research has shown the correlation between body composition and the mismatch between nutrient intake and requirements. However, this paper aims to evaluate the crucial role of lifestyle factors, such as eating behavior and meal timing, in influencing body composition. Lifestyle variables are important because they affect hormone and growth factor imbalances, which can cause changes in protein synthesis or breakdown, insulin resistance, and overeating. These factors collectively affect muscle mass and fat mass, their influence being consistent across juvenile and adult groups, between men and women. Regarding food preferences, sexual dimorphism of adiposity between men and women seems to be a critical determinant. Additionally, chronic stress leads to emotional eating, while enough sleep plays a big role in affecting growth factors and hormone balances, although the research on this subject is as yet scant. Therefore, understanding and modifying lifestyle habits are essential for the improvement of body composition, irrespective of an individual's gender or age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Bao Feng
- Tai Chi Martial Arts College, Jiaozuo University, Jiaozuo City, Henan Province, 454000, China.
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Corbin KD, Igudesman D, Smith SR, Zengler K, Krajmalnik-Brown R. Targeting the Gut Microbiota's Role in Host Energy Absorption With Precision Nutrition Interventions for the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity. Nutr Rev 2025:nuaf046. [PMID: 40233201 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaf046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2025] Open
Abstract
The field of precision nutrition aims to develop dietary approaches based on individual biological factors such as genomics or the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota, which is the highly individualized and complex community of microbes residing in the colon, is a key contributor to human physiology. Although gut microbes play multiple roles in the metabolism of nutrients, their role in modulating the absorption of dietary energy from foods that escape digestion in the small intestine has the potential to variably affect energy balance and, thus, body weight. The fate of this energy, and its subsequent impact on body weight, is well described in rodents and is emerging in humans. This narrative review is focused on recent clinical evidence of the role of the gut microbiota in human energy balance, specifically its impact on energy available to the human host. Despite recent progress, remaining gaps in knowledge present opportunities for developing and implementing strategies to understand causal microbial mechanisms related to energy balance. We propose that implementing rigorous microbiota-focused measurements in the context of innovative clinical trial designs will elucidate integrated diet-host-gut microbiota mechanisms. These mechanisms are primed to be targets for precision nutrition interventions to optimize energy balance to achieve desired weight outcomes. Given the magnitude and impact of the obesity epidemic, implementing these interventions within comprehensive weight management paradigms has the potential to be of public health significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen D Corbin
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL 32804, United States
| | - Daria Igudesman
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL 32804, United States
| | - Steven R Smith
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL 32804, United States
| | - Karsten Zengler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown
- Biodesign Center for Health through Microbiomes, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, United States
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, United States
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Chang Chusan YA, Eneli I, Hennessy E, Pronk NP, Economos CD. Next Steps in Efforts to Address the Obesity Epidemic. Annu Rev Public Health 2025; 46:171-191. [PMID: 39745940 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-060922-044108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2025]
Abstract
Obesity prevalence continues to rise globally at alarming rates, with adverse health and economic implications. In this state-of-the-art review, we provide an analysis of selected evidence about the current knowledge in the obesity literature, including a synthesis of current challenges in obesity and its determinants. In addition, we review past and current efforts to combat the obesity epidemic, highlighting both successful efforts and areas for further development. Last, we offer insights into the next steps to address the obesity epidemic and advance the field of obesity through both research and practice by (a) adopting a systems perspective, (b) fostering cross-sector and community collaborations, (c) advancing health equity, (d) narrowing the research-to-practice and research-to-policy gaps with multidisciplinary approaches, and (e) embracing complementary approaches for concurrent obesity prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuilyn A Chang Chusan
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
| | - Ihuoma Eneli
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Erin Hennessy
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
| | | | - Christina D Economos
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
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Fluit MJ, Adams BF, Ribau ZJ, Duncan AM. Beans Improve Satiety to an Effect that Is Not Significantly Different from Beef in Older Adults: A Randomized, Crossover Trial. J Nutr 2025; 155:1193-1201. [PMID: 39954740 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2025] [Accepted: 02/11/2025] [Indexed: 02/17/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beans are a candidate food for increasing satiety due to their protein and dietary fiber content. Beef is a common animal protein that can increase satiety due to its protein content, which is higher than beans but does not contain dietary fiber. Dietary guidance encourages higher intake of plant-based protein foods and warrants satiety studies that compare plant and animal protein foods, which could particularly benefit the rapidly growing population segment of older adults. OBJECTIVES To compare the effects of 2 bean varieties and beef consumed within a breakfast tortilla on satiety, food intake, and 24-h energy intake in older adults. METHODS Older adults [n = 35, age 72.4 ± 6.66 y, BMI (in kg/m2) 25.1 ± 3.25] consumed 3 breakfast tortilla test meals containing 1 serving of black beans (135 g), red kidney beans (135 g), or beef (80 g) in a randomized, crossover design. Participants rated their appetite sensations on periodic visual analogue scales, food intake was measured at an ad libitum pizza lunch meal, and 24-h energy intake was measured using weighed food records. Appetite sensation area under the curves (AUCs) were compared between treatments using repeated-measures analysis of covariance, and food intake and 24-h energy intake were compared using repeated-measures analysis of variance. RESULTS Fullness and satisfaction were significantly increased, while hunger, desire to eat, and prospective food consumption were significantly decreased, following consumption of the black bean, red kidney bean, and beef test meals. Appetite sensation AUCs, ad libitum pizza intake, and 24-h energy intake did not significantly differ between the test meals. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that beans improve satiety to an extent that is not significantly different from beef in older adults, thereby supporting the role of beans as a nutrient-dense source of protein and dietary fiber as part of a satisfying meal for older adults. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05499819.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan J Fluit
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brooke F Adams
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zachary J Ribau
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alison M Duncan
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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Zhang L, Li Y, Gao W, Li Z, Wu T, Lang C, Rui L, Zhang W. Deficiency of neuronal LGR4 increases energy expenditure and inhibits food intake via hypothalamic leptin signaling. EMBO Rep 2025; 26:2098-2120. [PMID: 40069508 PMCID: PMC12018946 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-025-00398-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 12/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2025] [Indexed: 04/25/2025] Open
Abstract
The metabolic effects of leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 4 (LGR4) remain largely unknown. Here, we showed that knockdown of Lgr4 in nestin progenitor or Sp1 mature neurons reduced high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity by increasing energy expenditure and inhibiting food intake. Deficiency of LGR4 in AgRP neurons increased energy expenditure, and inhibited food intake, leading to alterations in glucose and lipid metabolism. Knock-down of Lgr4 in Sf1 neurons enhanced energy expenditure, reduced adiposity, and improved glucose and lipid metabolism. The metabolic benefits of neuronal LGR4 occurred via improvement of leptin signaling in AgRP and Sf1 neurons. Knockdown of Lgr4 in nestin, Sp1, AgRP or Sf1 neurons decreased hypothalamic levels of SOCS-3, and increased phosphorylation of STAT3. These alterations were associated with a significant reduction in the hypothalamic levels of β-catenin. Inhibition of β-catenin signaling by Dkk1 significantly attenuated the decrement of phospho-STAT3 and concurrent increase of SOCS-3 induced by Rspondin 3, an endogenous ligand for LGR4. Our results thus demonstrate that hypothalamic LGR4 may promote energy conversation by increasing food intake and decreasing energy expenditure. Deficiency of neuronal LGR4 improves hypothalamic leptin sensitivity via suppression of β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Wenbin Gao
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ziru Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Chunhui Lang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Liangyou Rui
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Weizhen Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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12
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Nishida C, Honda H, Otsuka Y, Hagiya H, Nakano Y, Oguni K, Tokumasu K, Sakurada Y, Obika M, Otsuka F. Impact of Lifestyle Changes on Body Weight Gain During Nationwide Lockdown Due to COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Med 2025; 14:2242. [PMID: 40217694 PMCID: PMC11989682 DOI: 10.3390/jcm14072242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2025] [Revised: 03/19/2025] [Accepted: 03/23/2025] [Indexed: 04/14/2025] Open
Abstract
Background: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, people in Japan were urged to stay at home as much as possible, and this resulted in significant changes in lifestyle behavior. The new lifestyle included factors affecting both energy intake and energy consumption, and it is now thought that weight gain during the lockdown was the result of complex effects. The aim of this study was to determine the relationships among lifestyle habits, laboratory data, and body weight gain during the lockdown using medical check-up data. Methods: A total of 3789 individuals who had undergone consecutive medical check-ups during the period from 2018 to 2020 were included in this study. Participants whose body weight had increased by 5% or more were divided into two groups: a before-lockdown group (participants who had gained weight between 2018 and 2019) and an after-lockdown group (participants who had gained weight between 2019 and 2020). Physical measurements, laboratory data, and answers to six questions about lifestyle habits, for which information was obtained from the records from medical check-ups, were compared in the two groups. Results: There was no significant difference between the distribution of weight changes in 2018-2019 before the lockdown and the distribution of weight changes in 2019-2020 after the lockdown. The before-lockdown and after-lockdown groups both included about 7% of the total participants (279 and 273 participants, respectively). Diastolic blood pressure and levels of AST, ALT, and LDL-C were significantly higher in the after-lockdown group than in the before-lockdown group. The percentages of participants with alcohol consumption and exercise habits were significantly higher in the after-lockdown group than in the before-lockdown group, and an analysis by gender showed that the differences were significant for women but not for men. Conclusions: The distributions of weight changes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were similar. Exercise habits and alcohol consumption might have been unique factors causing weight gain during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in women. Our findings suggest that the impact of behavioral restrictions and lifestyle changes during a pandemic may be different in men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiroyuki Honda
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (C.N.); (Y.O.); (H.H.); (Y.N.); (K.O.); (K.T.); (Y.S.); (M.O.); (F.O.)
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13
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Pai VJ, Saghatelian A. "Shunt-ing" down obesity with novel endogenous metabolites. Cell Metab 2025; 37:564-565. [PMID: 40043688 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2025.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2025] [Revised: 02/10/2025] [Accepted: 02/10/2025] [Indexed: 05/13/2025]
Abstract
Obesity is a growing public health issue that has recently been transformed through the advent of new medicines. However, our understanding of the pathways and mechanisms that regulate energy balance in mammals is still developing. Recent discoveries on this front include an exciting new finding that there exists a novel class of metabolites in humans and mice that can regulate obesity in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor J Pai
- Clayton Foundation Peptide Biology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alan Saghatelian
- Clayton Foundation Peptide Biology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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14
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Ishida Y, Nakayama K. Infrared thermography unveiled the variation of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis among East Asian adults. Physiol Rep 2025; 13:e70279. [PMID: 40110933 PMCID: PMC11923896 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.70279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2025] [Accepted: 03/07/2025] [Indexed: 03/22/2025] Open
Abstract
The thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue (BAT) is interesting because the contribution to human adaptation to cold and obesity resistance has been suggested. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) is a common method for measuring BAT activity; however, it has been studied in few large cohorts due to concerns about safety and cost. Studies using alternative methods make it challenging to directly compare BAT activity among studies and interpret those results because the procedure is various. We measured the supraclavicular BAT thermogenesis of 122 healthy Japanese and Chinese adults under mild cold stress using standardized infrared thermography (IRT) and examined the effects of various factors on BAT variation. BAT thermogenesis was significantly higher in females than in males (p < 0.001) and significantly higher in Chinese than in Japanese individuals (p < 0.05). Among the 27 participants enrolled in both summer and winter experiments, BAT thermogenesis increased during winter (p < 0.05) only in Japanese participants. Additionally, individuals born at higher latitudes exhibited greater BAT thermogenesis (p < 0.05), suggesting the involvement of genetic background or cold exposure in early life stages. We obtained interesting anthropological and physiological findings with the use of non-invasive IRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Ishida
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier SciencesThe University of TokyoKashiwaChibaJapan
| | - Kazuhiro Nakayama
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier SciencesThe University of TokyoKashiwaChibaJapan
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15
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Triplett OM, Morrell HER, Van Dyk TR. Insomnia severity and obesity mediated by health behaviors in adolescents. J Pediatr Psychol 2025; 50:243-253. [PMID: 39509263 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsae098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 09/20/2024] [Accepted: 10/21/2024] [Indexed: 11/15/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sleep difficulties in youth have been associated with numerous negative outcomes, such as higher risk of obesity. Though the relationship between sleep and obesity is not well clarified, past research has shown that modifiable health behaviors, such as diet, physical activity, and screen time, may explain this relationship. The purpose of this study was to simultaneously examine these health behaviors as mediators of the relationship between insomnia severity and obesity among a sample of adolescents aged 12-18 years. METHOD English-speaking parents/legal guardians of adolescents were invited to participate in an online survey focused on pediatric sleep patterns, health behaviors, and weight. Parents/guardians (N = 599) reported on their adolescent's diet (i.e., consumption of fruits/vegetables, fast food, and breakfast), physical activity, screen time, and BMI. A multiple mediation analysis was run to test these health behaviors as mediators of the relationship between insomnia severity and BMI, after controlling for sex, age, race, and poverty. RESULTS While insomnia was related to most health behaviors, screen time was the only significant mediator of the relationship between insomnia and BMI, after controlling for the effects of the other mediators and all covariates, ab = .04, 95% CrI [.01, .09]. CONCLUSIONS Screen time has implications for both adolescents' sleep health and weight. Pediatric clinicians should systematically assess for, and provide, recommendations on ways to improve sleep and screen time use, in addition to providing traditional dietary and physical activity recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M Triplett
- Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Holly E R Morrell
- Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Tori R Van Dyk
- Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
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16
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Kim SH, Park WY, Kim B, Kim JH, Song G, Park JY, Jiao W, Jung SJ, Ahn KS, Kwak HJ, Um JY. FXR-ApoC2 pathway activates UCP1-mediated thermogenesis by promoting the browning of white adipose tissues. J Biol Chem 2025; 301:108181. [PMID: 39798876 PMCID: PMC11871442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2025.108181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Revised: 12/17/2024] [Accepted: 12/27/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2025] Open
Abstract
FXR, encoded by Nh1r4, is a nuclear receptor crucial in regulating bile acid, lipid, and glucose metabolism. Prior research has indicated that activating FXR in the liver and small intestine may offer protection against obesity and metabolic diseases. This study demonstrates the essential role of the FXR-ApoC2 pathway in promoting the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT). Increased FXR by treatment with the FXR agonist farnesol upregulated beige adipocyte markers, including UCP1, PGC1α, and PRDM16, and increased the FXR target gene, ApoC2, in beige adipocytes and cold-exposed mice. However, these effects were not observed in mature white adipocytes. Remarkably, the knockdown of FXR results in a significantly reduced expression of UCP1, PGC1α, PRDM16, and ApoC2 in beige adipocytes. While studying the interaction between the nuclear receptor RXRα and FXR in transcription regulation, it was found that the knockdown of RXRα did not control the expression of FXR under beige adipogenesis. We further investigated whether the expression of beige-related markers could be altered under ApoC2 overexpression to ascertain the mechanism of action of FXR in relation to ApoC2 regulation. The overexpression of ApoC2 in both preadipocytes and beige adipocytes led to a significant increase in the expression of UCP1 and PGC1α. These results indicate that the FXR-mediated ApoC2 pathway is essential in the browning of WAT by inducing beige adipogenesis from preadipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hee Kim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Yong Park
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Beomsu Kim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyung Kim
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gahee Song
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee Institute of Convergence Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Yeon Park
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wenjun Jiao
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Jung
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee Institute of Convergence Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Kwak
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee Institute of Convergence Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Lyu C, Kang SY, Shao H, Kim D, Jung HW. Ameliorative effects of Asiasarum root and rhizome extract on high fat diet‑induced obesity in mice through regulation of the SIRT1/PGC1α/AMPK pathways in muscle and liver tissues. Mol Med Rep 2025; 31:76. [PMID: 39886968 PMCID: PMC11795245 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2025.13440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 12/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2025] Open
Abstract
Asiasarum root and rhizome (Asarum) is commonly used as a diaphoretic. Due to its warm and pungent characteristics in traditional Chinese and Korean medicine, it is considered as having the potential to prevent disease. The present study investigated the effects of Asarum extract on the symptoms of obesity in mice, and the regulation of energy metabolism in the liver and skeletal muscle tissues. In addition, to identify the potential molecular targets and signaling pathways involved in the mechanism of action of Asarum extract in obesity, network pharmacological and molecular docking analysis was performed. In vitro studies demonstrated that Asarum extract significantly increased the expression of regulators of energy metabolism [sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ coactivator 1‑α (PGC1α), nuclear respiratory factor 1, AMP‑activated protein kinase (AMPK) and glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4)] and myogenic regulatory factors (MyoD, myogenin and myosin heavy chain) in C2C12 myotubes. Furthermore, the in vivo studies demonstrated that Asarum extract could reduce increases in body weight, and the levels of blood glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides and low‑density lipoprotein cholesterol in the sera of obese mice. Asarum extract also improved pathological changes in the liver and pancreatic tissues of obese mice, and significantly increased the ratio of brown fat mass to body weight. In addition, Asarum extract reversed the expression of energy metabolism regulators and myogenic regulatory factors in the gastrocnemius tissues of obese mice. Asarum extract also activated the expression of SIRT1, PGC1α and AMPK in the liver tissues of obese mice. These findings indicated that Asarum extract may exert anti‑obesity effects, such as body weight loss, decreases in lipid metabolite levels, and inhibition of pancreatic and liver damage. Using network pharmacological analysis, the mechanisms underlying the effects of Asarum extract on the regulation of energy metabolism were explored, particularly in skeletal muscle and liver tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenzi Lyu
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Yong Kang
- Korean Medicine R&D Center, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Haifeng Shao
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongeun Kim
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Won Jung
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk 38066, Republic of Korea
- Korean Medicine R&D Center, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk 38066, Republic of Korea
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18
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Huang Y, Yu S, Cao Q, Jing J, Tang W, Xue B, Shi H. Dnmt3b deficiency in adipocyte progenitor cells ameliorates obesity in female mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2025:2025.01.31.635994. [PMID: 39975110 PMCID: PMC11838445 DOI: 10.1101/2025.01.31.635994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2025]
Abstract
Obesity arises from chronic energy imbalance where energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. Emerging evidence supports a key role of DNA methylation in the regulation of adipose tissue development and metabolism. We recently discovered a key role of DNA methylation, catalyzed by DNA methyltransferase 1 or 3a (Dnmt1 or 3a), in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation and metabolism. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of adipocyte progenitor cell Dnmt3b, an enzyme mediating de novo DNA methylation, in energy metabolism and obesity. We generated a genetic model with Dnmt3b knockout in adipocyte progenitor cells (PD3bKO) by crossing Dnmt3b -floxed mice with platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (Pdgfrα)-Cre mice. Dnmt3b gene deletion in adipocyte progenitors enhanced thermogenic gene expression in brown adipose tissue, increased overall energy expenditure, and mitigated high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in female mice. PD3bKO mice also displayed a lower respiratory exchange ratio (RER), indicative of a metabolic shift favoring fat utilization as an energy source. Furthermore, female PD3bKO mice exhibited improved insulin sensitivity alongside their lean phenotype. In contrast, male PD3bKO mice showed no changes in body weight but demonstrated decreased insulin sensitivity, revealing a sexually dimorphic metabolic response to Dnmt3b deletion in adipocyte progenitor cells. These findings underscore the critical role of Dnmt3b in regulating energy homeostasis, body weight, and metabolic health, with significant implications for understanding sex-specific mechanisms of obesity and metabolism.
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19
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Fernández-Fígares Jiménez MDC. A Whole Plant-Foods Diet in the Prevention and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity: From Empirical Evidence to Potential Mechanisms. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2025; 44:137-155. [PMID: 39401341 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2024.2406887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2024] [Revised: 09/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2025]
Abstract
Excess body adiposity, referred to as overweight and obesity, represents a major health concern given that it increases the risk of various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. Body weight reduction can be achieved via a wide variety of dietary strategies as long as an energy deficit is achieved. However, the effect of such diets on disease risk and mortality will depend on the foods included. Increasing evidence shows that consumption of whole plant foods (e.g., fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, seeds, legumes) in place of animal foods (e.g., meat, poultry, dairy, fish, eggs, and seafood and their derivatives) and non-whole plant foods (e.g., refined grains, French fries, sugar-sweetened beverages) is associated with improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors and lower risk of chronic diseases and mortality. This review focuses on the effect of a whole plant-foods diet on overweight and obesity from observational to clinical studies and discusses the potential mechanisms involved. According to existing evidence, a whole plant foods diet seems to be more advantageous than other dietary approaches for the prevention and treatment of excess adiposity given that it is composed of the foods that lead to the best health outcomes.
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20
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Vartanian M, Endres KJ, Lee YT, Friedrich S, Meemken MT, Schamarek I, Rohde-Zimmermann K, Schürfeld R, Eisenberg L, Hilbert A, Beyer F, Stumvoll M, Sacher J, Villringer A, Christensen JF, Witte AV. Investigating the impact of microbiome-changing interventions on food decision-making: MIFOOD study protocol. BMC Nutr 2025; 11:8. [PMID: 39806493 PMCID: PMC11727427 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-024-00971-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 12/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a multifactorial disease reaching pandemic proportions with increasing healthcare costs, advocating the development of better prevention and treatment strategies. Previous research indicates that the gut microbiome plays an important role in metabolic, hormonal, and neuronal cross-talk underlying eating behavior. We therefore aim to examine the effects of prebiotic and neurocognitive behavioral interventions on food decision-making and to assay the underlying mechanisms in a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT). METHOD This study uses a parallel arm RCT design with a 26-week intervention period. We plan to enroll 90 participants (male/diverse/female) living with overweight or obesity, defined as either a Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR) ≥ 0.9 (male)/0.85 (diverse, female) or a Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2. Key inclusion criteria are 18-60 years of age and exclusion criteria are type 2 diabetes, psychiatric disease, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) contraindications. The interventions comprise either a daily supplementary intake of 30 g soluble fiber (inulin), or weekly neurocognitive behavioral group sessions, compared to placebo (equicaloric maltodextrin). At baseline and follow-up, food decision-making is assessed utilizing task-based MRI. Secondary outcome measures include structural MRI, eating habits, lifestyle factors, personality traits, and mood. Further, we obtain fecal and blood samples to investigate gut microbiome composition and related metabolites. DISCUSSION This study relies on expanding research suggesting that dietary prebiotics could improve gut microbiome composition, leading to beneficial effects on gut-brain signaling and higher-order cognitive functions. In parallel, neurocognitive behavioral interventions have been proposed to improve unhealthy eating habits and metabolic status. However, causal evidence on how these "bottom-up" and "top-down" processes affect food decision-making and neuronal correlates in humans is still scarce. In addition, microbiome, and gut-brain-axis-related mediating mechanisms remain unclear. The present study proposes a comprehensive approach to assess the effects of these gut-brain-related processes influencing food decision-making in overweight and obesity. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05353504. Retrospectively registered on 29 April 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghedi Vartanian
- Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Konrad Jakob Endres
- Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yee Teng Lee
- Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Silke Friedrich
- Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marie-Theres Meemken
- Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Imke Schamarek
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG), Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Leipzig and the University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Rohde-Zimmermann
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG), Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Leipzig and the University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robin Schürfeld
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lina Eisenberg
- Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Hilbert
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center AdiposityDiseases, Behavioral Medicine Research Unit, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frauke Beyer
- Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG), Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Leipzig and the University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Sacher
- Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Mental Health, Helios Park Clinic, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia F Christensen
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| | - A Veronica Witte
- Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
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Chen ZH, Mousavi S, Mandhane PJ, Simons E, Turvey SE, Moraes TJ, Subbarao P, Miliku K. Ultraprocessed Food Consumption and Obesity Development in Canadian Children. JAMA Netw Open 2025; 8:e2457341. [PMID: 39888617 PMCID: PMC11786234 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.57341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 11/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2025] Open
Abstract
Importance Ultraprocessed foods (UPF), characterized as shelf-stable but nutritionally imbalanced foods, pose a public health crisis worldwide. In adults, UPF consumption is associated with increased obesity risk, but findings among children are inconsistent. Objectives To examine the associations among UPF intake, anthropometric adiposity indicators, and obesity status in Canadian children. Design, Setting, and Participants In the CHILD Cohort Study, one of the largest prospective, multicenter, population-based pregnancy cohorts in Canada, diet was assessed during the 3-year visit (September 2011 to June 2016), and anthropometric measurements were assessed at the 5-year visit (December 2013 to April 2018). Data analysis was performed between July 1, 2023, and June 30, 2024. Exposure Diet intake was assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire at 3 years of age. UPFs were identified using the NOVA classification system. Main Outcomes and Measures Anthropometric adiposity indicators were measured at 5 years of age and used to calculate age- and sex-standardized z scores for body mass index (BMI), waist to height ratio, and subscapular and triceps skinfold thicknesses, and obesity, which was defined using BMI z score cutoffs. Multivariable-adjusted regression analyses were used to examine the associations of UPF with adiposity and obesity development, accounting for parental, birth, and early-childhood factors. Results Among 2217 participants included in this study, median age at the outcome assessment was 5.0 (IQR, 5.0-5.1) years, and 1175 (53.0%) were males. At 3 years of age, UPF contributed 45.0% of total daily energy intake. UPF energy contribution was higher in males vs females (46.0% vs 43.9%; P < .001). Among all participants, higher UPF intake at 3 years of age was associated with higher anthropometric adiposity indicators at 5 years of age, primarily driven by males. In males, every 10% UPF energy increase was associated with higher adiposity indicator z scores for BMI (β, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.03-0.14), waist to height ratio (β, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.01-0.12), and subscapular (β, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.06-0.18) and triceps (β, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.03-0.15) skinfold thickness and higher odds of living with overweight or obesity (odds ratio, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.03-1.36). No significant associations were observed among females. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of Canadian children, high UPF consumption during early childhood was associated with obesity development, primarily in males. These findings can inform targeted public health initiatives for early childhood centers and caregiver education programs to reduce UPF intake and prevent obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Hao Chen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara Mousavi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Piushkumar J. Mandhane
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Malaysia
| | - Elinor Simons
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Stuart E. Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Theo J. Moraes
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Padmaja Subbarao
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kozeta Miliku
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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22
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Koch HR, Sims JNL, Pickett S, Wideman L, McNeil J. Associations between sleep, energy balance, and obesity markers over 6 months in Black emerging adults-pilot study findings from the Sleep, Health Outcomes, and Body Weight (SHOW) study. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2025; 50:1-13. [PMID: 39576968 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2024-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2024]
Abstract
Insufficient sleep (short sleep duration and poor sleep quality) is associated with obesity risk. Emerging adults (ages 18-28 years) have a greater risk of excess weight gain and insufficient sleep, and these risks are higher in Black individuals. Using a measurement burst design, we assessed associations between sleep with energy balance components and obesity marker changes over 6 months in 15 Black emerging adults (12 females; age: 21 ± 2.5 years; body mass index: 25.7 ± 4.5 kg/m2; body fat: 25.8 ± 11.9%). Since our sample was predominantly female (80%), we repeated our analyses for females only. Participants completed the following measurements at baseline (BLN) and 6 months later (6MO): 7 days of actigraphy-based sleep and physical activity energy expenditure (EE) and 2 nights of in-home polysomnography-based sleep; resting EE and thermic effect of food with indirect calorimetry; ad libitum energy intake (EI) via self-reported methods over 4 days and directly measured over 3 days with provided meals. Body weight (2.6 kg, p = 0.01) and waist circumference (2.4 cm, p = 0.03) increased from BLN to 6MO. Changes in actigraphy-based sleep duration were associated with changes in body weight (β = 0.03, standard error (SE) = 0.02, p = 0.04) and fat mass (β = 0.07, SE = 0.03 p = 0.03) in females only. Greater rapid eye movement sleep duration was associated with increases in resting EE (β = 2.24, SE = 0.84, p = 0.02). Greater slow-wave sleep was associated with increases in self-reported EI (β = 18.34, SE = 4.7, p < 0.01). Sleep may impact components of energy balance and risk of weight gain in Black emerging adults. Additional research is needed to confirm our pilot findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R Koch
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Sciences, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Jesse N L Sims
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Sciences, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie Pickett
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Laurie Wideman
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Sciences, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Jessica McNeil
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Sciences, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
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23
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Asgari R, Caceres-Valdiviezo M, Wu S, Hamel L, Humber BE, Agarwal SM, Fletcher PJ, Fulton S, Hahn MK, Pereira S. Regulation of energy balance by leptin as an adiposity signal and modulator of the reward system. Mol Metab 2025; 91:102078. [PMID: 39615837 PMCID: PMC11696864 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.102078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2024] [Revised: 11/02/2024] [Accepted: 11/26/2024] [Indexed: 12/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptin is an adipose tissue-derived hormone that plays a crucial role in body weight, appetite, and behaviour regulation. Leptin controls energy balance as an indicator of adiposity levels and as a modulator of the reward system, which is associated with liking palatable foods. Obesity is characterized by expanded adipose tissue mass and consequently, elevated concentrations of leptin in blood. Leptin's therapeutic potential for most forms of obesity is hampered by leptin resistance and a narrow dose-response window. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review describes the current knowledge of the brain regions and intracellular pathways through which leptin promotes negative energy balance and restrains neural circuits affecting food reward. We also describe mechanisms that hinder these biological responses in obesity and highlight potential therapeutic interventions. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Additional research is necessary to understand how pathways engaged by leptin in different brain regions are interconnected in the control of energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Caceres-Valdiviezo
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Laboratory of Omic Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Especialidades Espíritu Santo, Samborondón, Ecuador
| | - Sally Wu
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laurie Hamel
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Sri Mahavir Agarwal
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul J Fletcher
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephanie Fulton
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Margaret K Hahn
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Sandra Pereira
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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24
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Lee MS, Doo M, Kim IH, Kim Y. Effects of Capsicum Oleoresin on the Energy Expenditure and Mitochondrial Content of Brown Adipose Tissue in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2024; 29:422-429. [PMID: 39759824 PMCID: PMC11699576 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2024.29.4.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2024] [Revised: 10/09/2024] [Accepted: 10/28/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2025] Open
Abstract
Capsicum oleoresin (CO) is a concentrated extract derived from peppers (Capsicum annum L.) containing capsaicin (the active compound responsible for its pungency) and other bioactive components. The present study aimed to determine whether CO affects the energy expenditure and mitochondrial content of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in diet-induced obese mice. Four-week-old C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups and fed with a normal chow diet, 45% high-fat diet (HF), or HF supplemented with 0.01% CO (HF+CO) for 16 weeks. The results showed that CO supplementation significantly suppressed weight gain and improved serum lipid profiles compared with HF feeding. The energy expenditure was significantly higher in the HF+CO group than in the HF group. Compared with the HF group, the HF+CO group had significantly upregulated the messenger RNA expression levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) in BAT. The mitochondrial DNA content, which was reduced by HF intake, was significantly restored in the HF+CO group. Furthermore, the mitochondrial size and number were restored in the HF+CO group than in in the HF group. The activity of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in BAT was significantly increased in the HF+CO group than in the HF group. In conclusion, CO potentially inhibits weight gain by increasing energy expenditure in diet-induced obese mice. This beneficial effect is likely associated with the enhancement of mitochondrial content by upregulating key markers, including UCP1, PGC-1α, and AMPK, in BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mak-Soon Lee
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Miae Doo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Korea
| | - In-Hwan Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Yangha Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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25
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Poosri S, Vimaleswaran KS, Prangthip P. Dietary lipids shape cytokine and leptin profiles in obesity-metabolic syndrome implications: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0315711. [PMID: 39700087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0315711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 11/30/2024] [Indexed: 12/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity, characterized by chronic energy imbalance and excessive adiposity, is a key component of metabolic syndrome and is associated with low-grade inflammation and altered adipokine secretion. This study aimed to evaluate the association between dietary fat consumption and its influence on interleukin (IL) and leptin levels in participants with obesity. METHODS Using the Asian obesity classification criteria, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 384 adults (18-59 years). Anthropometric measurements by bioelectrical impedance analyzer (BIA), blood biochemistry by colorimetric assay, inflammatory markers and hormones by ELISA test, and dietary intake were assessed by Semi-FFQ. RESULTS Obesity prevalence was 26.1% and 73.90% in males and females, respectively. Participants with obesity exhibited significantly higher inflammatory and hormonal marker levels. Positive correlations were observed between blood lipid, glucose, and tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, and leptin levels. Energy, carbohydrate, and sugar intake were positively correlated with leptin levels. High saturated fat intake was associated with increased IL-6 levels (odds ratio = 2.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00-4.11, p < 0.047), whereas high total fat intake elevated leptin levels by 2.14-fold (95% CI = 1.12-4.10, p < 0.021) in participants with obesity. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates significant associations between dietary fat composition, inflammatory markers, and leptin levels in individuals with obesity. These findings suggest that modulating dietary fat intake can be a potential strategy for mitigating obesity-related inflammation and leptin resistance, highlighting the need for targeted nutritional interventions in obesity and metabolic syndrome management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakawrut Poosri
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Karani Santhanakrishnan Vimaleswaran
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health (IFNH), University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Pattaneeya Prangthip
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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26
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Clarke ED, Gómez-Martín M, Stanford J, Yilmaz A, Ustun I, Wood L, Green B, Graham SF, Collins CE. Urinary Metabolite Profiles of Participants with Overweight and Obesity Prescribed a Weight Loss High Fruit and Vegetable Diet: A Single Arm Intervention Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:4358. [PMID: 39770979 PMCID: PMC11677377 DOI: 10.3390/nu16244358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2024] [Revised: 12/13/2024] [Accepted: 12/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Thus far, no studies have examined the relationship between fruit and vegetable (F and V) intake, urinary metabolite quantities, and weight change. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to explore changes in urinary metabolomic profiles during and after a 10-week weight loss intervention where participants were prescribed a high F and V diet (7 servings daily). METHODS Adults with overweight and obesity (n = 34) received medical nutrition therapy counselling to increase their F and V intakes to national targets (7 servings a day). Data collection included weight, dietary intake, and urine samples at baseline at week 2 and week 10. Urinary metabolite profiles were quantified using 1H NMR spectroscopy. Machine learning statistical approaches were employed to identify novel urine-based metabolite biomarkers associated with high F and V diet patterns at weeks 2 and 10. Metabolic changes appearing in urine in response to diet were quantified using Metabolite Set Enrichment Analysis (MSEA). RESULTS Energy intake was significantly lower (p = 0.02) at week 10 compared with baseline. Total F and V intake was significantly higher at week 2 and week 10 (p < 0.05). In total, 123 urinary metabolites were quantified. At week 10, 21 metabolites showed significant changes relative to baseline. Of these, 11 metabolites also significantly changed at week 2. These overlapping metabolites were acetic acid, dimethylamine, choline, fumaric acid, glutamic acid, L-tyrosine, histidine, succinic acid, uracil, histamine, and 2-hydroxyglutarate. Ridge Classifier and Linear Discriminant Analysis provided best prediction accuracy values of 0.96 when metabolite level of baseline was compared to week 10. CONCLUSIONS Urinary metabolites quantified represent potential candidate biomarkers of high F and V intake, associated with a reduction in energy intake. Further studies are needed to validate these findings in larger population studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin D. Clarke
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (E.D.C.); (M.G.-M.); (J.S.)
- Hunter Medical Research Institute Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia;
| | - María Gómez-Martín
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (E.D.C.); (M.G.-M.); (J.S.)
- Hunter Medical Research Institute Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia;
| | - Jordan Stanford
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (E.D.C.); (M.G.-M.); (J.S.)
- Hunter Medical Research Institute Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia;
| | - Ali Yilmaz
- Metabolomics Department, Corewell Health Research Institute, 3811 W. 13 Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI 49546, USA; (A.Y.); (S.F.G.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Ilyas Ustun
- Jarvis College of Computing and Digital Media, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60614, USA;
| | - Lisa Wood
- Hunter Medical Research Institute Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia;
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Brian Green
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK;
| | - Stewart F. Graham
- Metabolomics Department, Corewell Health Research Institute, 3811 W. 13 Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI 49546, USA; (A.Y.); (S.F.G.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Clare E. Collins
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (E.D.C.); (M.G.-M.); (J.S.)
- Hunter Medical Research Institute Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia;
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27
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Castelli V, Kacem H, Brandolini L, Giorgio C, Scenna MS, Allegretti M, Cimini A, d'Angelo M. TNFα-CXCR1/2 partners in crime in insulin resistance conditions. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:486. [PMID: 39627194 PMCID: PMC11615304 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02227-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 10/22/2024] [Accepted: 10/24/2024] [Indexed: 12/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is defined by chronic hyperglycemia due to insufficient insulin secretion or activity and decreased insulin sensitivity, known as insulin resistance (IR). This condition leads to oxidative stress and inflammation, increasing the risk of systemic inflammatory diseases. Obesity and a sedentary lifestyle are major risk factors for IR and T2D. Various metabolites act as mediators of IR by disrupting communication between organs. Lipids, including free fatty acids and short-chain fatty acids, along with intracellular lipotoxins, impair insulin function and mitochondrial activity, contributing to IR through direct and indirect mechanisms such as oxidative stress and inflammation. Our research explores the role of TNFα and CXCR1/2 in IR conditions, emphasizing their interactions and potential as therapeutic targets. In this study we selected two models of IR, adipocytes and hepatocytes, since are key players in glucose and lipid metabolism. To develop IR model, TNFα was used as challenge and we focused on investigating the role of CXCR1/2 inhibition. We assessed glucose uptake, insulin signaling pathways, and gene expression related to IR. Cells treated with TNFα showed reduced p-Akt and increased p-JNK levels, indicative of IR. In contrast, CXCR1/2 inhibition restored p-Akt levels and reduced p-JNK levels, suggesting improvements in insulin signaling and glucose uptake. Furthermore, CXCR1/2 inhibition counteracted the TNFα-induced decrease in IGF expression and restored GLUT2 expression, indicating enhanced insulin sensitivity. These results underscore the pivotal role of CXCR1/2 in modulating the inflammatory response and insulin signaling in IR conditions in both IR models. CXCR1/2 inhibition can mitigate IR and improve glucose metabolism. Thus, targeting the TNFα-CXCR1/2 pathway presents a promising therapeutic approach for managing IR and T2D. Further investigation is necessary to understand the clinical implications of these findings and develop effective treatments for patients with IR and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Castelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Housem Kacem
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | | | - Marta Sofia Scenna
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Michele d'Angelo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
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28
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Hamer O, Kuroski JA, Bray EP, Harris C, Blundell A, Schneider E, Watkins C. Psychological interventions for weight reduction and sustained weight reduction in adults with overweight and obesity: a scoping review. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e082973. [PMID: 39622564 PMCID: PMC11624810 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-082973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2024] [Indexed: 12/07/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Overweight and obesity are growing public health problems worldwide. Both diet and physical activity have been the primary interventions for weight reduction over the past decade. With increasing rates of overweight and obesity, it is evident that a primary focus on diet and exercise has not resulted in sustained obesity reduction within the global population. There is now a case to explore other weight management strategies such as psychological therapies. However, there is a dearth of literature that has mapped the types of psychological interventions and the characteristics of these interventions as a means of achieving weight reduction. OBJECTIVES The key objectives focused on mapping the types and characteristics of psychological interventions versus usual care for weight reduction and sustained weight reduction in adults with overweight or obesity. The study followed the scoping review methodology by Arksey and O'Malley and was reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Intervention studies were included if participants were 18 years and over, classified as overweight or obese (body mass index ≥25 kg/m2) and had received a psychological therapy intervention. Studies were excluded if they included a comparison with other active lifestyle interventions (unless classified as usual care), were not available in English, were not full-text articles or were non-peer-reviewed articles. SOURCES OF EVIDENCE Six electronic databases were searched from inception to April 2023 to identify relevant articles. CHARTING METHODS The study employed a systematic charting method and narrative synthesis to organise and synthesise the data. RESULTS A total of 31 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. 13 unique psychological interventions for weight reduction in adults with overweight or obesity were identified, with cognitive-behavioural therapy and motivational interviewing being the most common. Eight types of usual care were identified, which largely included education and training on nutrition and physical activity. Gaps in the current research were also identified. CONCLUSION The findings highlighted several gaps within the existing literature, largely due to a lack of evidence relating to adults with low socioeconomic status, non-white participants, individuals under 40 years of age and the integration of digital health technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Hamer
- University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
- Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council, Blackburn, UK
| | | | - Emma P Bray
- University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Cath Harris
- University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | | | - Emma Schneider
- Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
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29
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Mansur RB, Di Vincenzo JD, Badulescu S, Gill H, Tabassum A, López CL, Rosenblat JD, McIntyre RS. Are glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists anti-consummatory drugs? CNS Spectr 2024; 29:536-541. [PMID: 39801083 DOI: 10.1017/s109285292400244x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2025]
Abstract
Incretin-based treatments, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists (eg liraglutide and semaglutide), have rapidly transformed obesity treatment. The well-documented weight loss effect from these agents is considered to be primarily a result of their actions on food intake, but frequent anecdotal reports from varied sources have suggested that they might also broadly affect consummatory behavior, including alcohol and drugs of abuse, suggesting a potential modulatory effect on reward behavior. Herein, we critically review the extant literature on the behavioral effects of GLP-1R agonists in humans, including their impact on feeding behavior, alcohol/drug intake, and overall reward response. We also consider the physiological and neurobiological underpinnings of GLP-1 actions, with a focus on its distinct central and peripheral roles, as well as its relationships with the broader energy homeostasis network. We conclude with a discussion on the implications of this line of research on how behavior is conceptualized, and the potential future directions for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo B Mansur
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joshua D Di Vincenzo
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sebastian Badulescu
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hartej Gill
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aniqa Tabassum
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cristian Llach López
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joshua D Rosenblat
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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30
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Li Q, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Zhang N, Song D, Wang F, Gao Q, Chen Y, Zhang G, Wen J, Zhao G, Chen L, Gao Y. Spop deficiency impairs adipogenesis and promotes thermogenic capacity in mice. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011514. [PMID: 39680603 PMCID: PMC11684654 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 12/30/2024] [Accepted: 11/26/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
As the adaptor protein that determines substrate specificity of the Cul3-SPOP-Rbx1 E3 ligase complex, SPOP is involved in numerous biological processes. However, its physiological connections with adipogenesis and thermogenesis remain poorly understood. In the current study, we report that the conditional knockout of Spop in mice results in substantial changes in protein expression, including the upregulation of a critical factor associated with thermogenesis, UCP1. Loss of SPOP also led to defects in body weight gain. In addition, conditional knockout mice exhibited resistance to high-fat-diet-induced obesity. Proteomics analysis found that proteins upregulated in the knockout mice are primarily enriched for functions in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and thermogenesis. Furthermore, Spop knockout mice were more resilient during cold tolerance assay compared with the wild-type controls. Finally, the knockout of SPOP efficiently impaired adipogenesis in primary preadipocytes and the expression of associated genes. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the critical roles of SPOP in regulating adipogenesis and thermogenic capacity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghe Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Danli Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qianmei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- School of Biological Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Gaomeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Wen
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guiping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Animal Science & Veterinary, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Gao
- School of Biological Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
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Qayyum N, Ismael M, Haoyue H, Guo H, Lü X. Dietary supplementation of probiotic Lactobacillus modulates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and intestinal barrier integrity in obesity-induced mice. J Food Sci 2024; 89:10113-10133. [PMID: 39455245 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024]
Abstract
The impact of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei NWAFU334 and Limosilactobacillus fermentum NWAFU0035 on the amelioration of liver function, oxidative stress reduction, and lipid metabolism modulation in mice subjected to an obesity-inducing high-fat diet (HFD) model was investigated. L. paracasei NWAFU334 and L. fermentum NWAFU0035 supplementations over 12 weeks have been shown to have numerous beneficial effects in mice with induced obesity. These effects comprise the restoration of liver function and the reduction of oxidative stress within the liver. Furthermore, the supplementation led to a decreased content of fat accumulation in the liver, mitigation of the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the liver and colon, and a decrease in the expression levels of tight-junction proteins, for example, claudin-1, PPARγ, occludin, and ZO-1. Additionally, a notable improvement in the colonic expression proteins, including IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, Muc-2, Muc-3, Zo-1, claudin-1, and occludin. These proposed strains considerably decreased proinflammatory cytokines and influenced the regulation of lipid metabolism in the liver. These findings indicate that the potential mechanisms, primarily the impact of L. paracasei NWAFU334 and L. fermentum NWAFU0035 on obesity-induced liver function in mice, involve two regulated pathways: downregulation of lipogenesis and upregulation of gene expression related to fatty acid oxidation and lipolysis. In other words, these probiotic bacterial strains might be beneficial in reducing fat production and increasing fat breakdown in the liver. They may serve as effective therapeutic supplements for alleviating abnormalities induced by an HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nageena Qayyum
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre of Dairy Products Quality, Safety, and Health Shaanxi, Shaanxi, China
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | | | - Han Haoyue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre of Dairy Products Quality, Safety, and Health Shaanxi, Shaanxi, China
| | - Honghui Guo
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xin Lü
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre of Dairy Products Quality, Safety, and Health Shaanxi, Shaanxi, China
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32
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Rostampour K, Moghtaderi F, Najafi A, Seyedjafari B, Salehi-Abargouei A. The effects of non-nutritive sweeteners on energy and macronutrients intake in adults: a grade-assessed systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1475962. [PMID: 39606579 PMCID: PMC11598426 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1475962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 10/28/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The effect of non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs) on long-term satiety is not well understood. This systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to investigate the effect of NNSs on long-term total energy and macronutrients intake. Methods Online databases including Scopus, PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched up to September 2024 to find relevant randomized control trials (RCTs). A random effects model was used for estimating the overall effects. Results The results showed a reducing effect of NNSs consumption vs. sugar on total energy intake [total energy intake change = -175.26 kcal/day, 95% confidence interval (CI): -296.47 to -54.06, I2 = 61.19%] and carbohydrate intake [Hedges' g = -0.35, 95% CI: -0.63 to -0.06, I2 = 58.99%]. While, NNSs intake vs. water was not associated with significant change in total energy intake [total energy intake change = 29.94 kcal/day, 95% CI: -70.37 to 130.24, I2 = 34.98%] and carbohydrate intake [Hedges' g = 0.28, 95% CI: -0.02 to 0.58, I2 = 65.26%]. The Consumption of NNSs compared to the either sugar or water did not have a significant effect on fat intake [Hedges' g sugar = 0.08, 95% CI: -0.10 to 0.26, I2 = 8.73%/ fat intake change water = 0.20 g/day, 95% CI: -3.48 to 3.88, I2 = 0%] and Protein intake [Hedges' g sugar = 0.16, 95% CI: -0.11 to 0.42, I 2 = 50.83%/Hedges' g water = 0.00, 95% CI: -0.15 to 0.16, I2 = 0%]. Conclusion In summary, our findings suggest that NNSs consumption may be effective in reducing total energy and carbohydrate intake compared to sugar. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=432816, CRD42023432816.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Rostampour
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moghtaderi
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - AmirHossein Najafi
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Behnaz Seyedjafari
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Liu D, Zheng M, Lu C, Miao M, Zhan Y, Ma F, Yin Y, Wei M, Wang W, Wang W, Meng X, Li J, Zhang Y, Liu G, Tang YD. GPR30 Selective Agonist G1 Exhibits Antiobesity Effects and Promotes Insulin Resistance and Gluconeogenesis in Postmenopausal Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. J Lipids 2024; 2024:5513473. [PMID: 39554996 PMCID: PMC11567725 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5513473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 09/21/2024] [Accepted: 10/10/2024] [Indexed: 11/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: G1, a specific agonist targeting the G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30), has demonstrated significant involvement in combating obesity and regulating glucose homeostasis. Nevertheless, the beneficial effects of G1 treatment have solely been investigated in animal models under normal feeding conditions, leaving its therapeutic potential in high-fat feeding scenarios unexplored. Material and Methods: To address this gap, our study employed an ovariectomized high-fat diet mouse model to assess the therapeutic effects of G1 in combating obesity and metabolic dysfunction. Results: The findings revealed that G1 treatment resulted in weight loss, but concurrently led to increased blood glucose levels and insulin resistance. Treatment with G1 resulted in an amplification of fat mobilization and an enhancement of pyruvate carboxylase activity in mice fed a high-fat diet. Moreover, the combined impact of G1 treatment and a high-fat diet on pyruvate metabolism, as well as the regulation of crucial gluconeogenesis enzymes such as pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), expedites the elevation of blood glucose and the progression of insulin resistance. Conclusions: These findings indicate that G1 treatment is influenced by a high-fat diet, potentially disrupting glucolipid metabolism and promoting insulin resistance alongside its antiobesity effects. Consequently, further investigation is imperative to thoroughly explore this potential toxic side effect of G1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury Repair Mechanism Study; Hebei Key Laboratory of Heart and Metabolism; Hebei Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Medical Clinical Application; Hebei International Joint Research Center for Structural Heart Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Mingqi Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury Repair Mechanism Study; Hebei Key Laboratory of Heart and Metabolism; Hebei Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Medical Clinical Application; Hebei International Joint Research Center for Structural Heart Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Congcong Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury Repair Mechanism Study; Hebei Key Laboratory of Heart and Metabolism; Hebei Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Medical Clinical Application; Hebei International Joint Research Center for Structural Heart Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mengdan Miao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury Repair Mechanism Study; Hebei Key Laboratory of Heart and Metabolism; Hebei Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Medical Clinical Application; Hebei International Joint Research Center for Structural Heart Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yinge Zhan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury Repair Mechanism Study; Hebei Key Laboratory of Heart and Metabolism; Hebei Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Medical Clinical Application; Hebei International Joint Research Center for Structural Heart Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fangfang Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury Repair Mechanism Study; Hebei Key Laboratory of Heart and Metabolism; Hebei Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Medical Clinical Application; Hebei International Joint Research Center for Structural Heart Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yajuan Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury Repair Mechanism Study; Hebei Key Laboratory of Heart and Metabolism; Hebei Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Medical Clinical Application; Hebei International Joint Research Center for Structural Heart Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mei Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury Repair Mechanism Study; Hebei Key Laboratory of Heart and Metabolism; Hebei Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Medical Clinical Application; Hebei International Joint Research Center for Structural Heart Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury Repair Mechanism Study; Hebei Key Laboratory of Heart and Metabolism; Hebei Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Medical Clinical Application; Hebei International Joint Research Center for Structural Heart Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenyao Wang
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangbin Meng
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury Repair Mechanism Study; Hebei Key Laboratory of Heart and Metabolism; Hebei Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Medical Clinical Application; Hebei International Joint Research Center for Structural Heart Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yaohua Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury Repair Mechanism Study; Hebei Key Laboratory of Heart and Metabolism; Hebei Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Medical Clinical Application; Hebei International Joint Research Center for Structural Heart Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yi-Da Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury Repair Mechanism Study; Hebei Key Laboratory of Heart and Metabolism; Hebei Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Medical Clinical Application; Hebei International Joint Research Center for Structural Heart Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Lacal JC, Ibrahim SA, Zimmerman T. Is choline kinase alpha a drug target for obesity? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1492753. [PMID: 39568820 PMCID: PMC11576158 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1492753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 10/15/2024] [Indexed: 11/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Choline kinase alpha (ChoKα) is a therapeutic target being developed for a variety of diseases, from cancer to rheumatoid arthritis and from parasites to bacterial infections. Nevertheless, the therapeutic potential of this drug target seems not exhausted and may end up as a possible solution for a larger variety of conditions. Here we present our working model for how ChoKα could play a role in obesity and for how drugs being developed as therapeutics for other diseases using ChoKα as a target, could be repurposed as prophylactic treatments for obesity. We also present preliminary observations in support of our model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Lacal
- Department of Metabolic & Immune Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Salam A. Ibrahim
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical University, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Tahl Zimmerman
- Biomedical Sciences Program, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, NC, United States
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Suttho D, Apibantaweesakul S, Soponputthaporn J, Hemapaibun S, Santipongphibool M, Tengcharoenkul C. Relationships among Physical Activity Bone Mineral Density and Body Composition in Obese and Athletes. J Bone Metab 2024; 31:326-334. [PMID: 39701111 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.24.791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 11/04/2024] [Indexed: 12/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is a significant global public health issue, increasingly affecting younger individuals and placing substantial economic burdens on society. Risk factors vary, with non-modifiable ones like age and ethnicity, as well as modifiable factors including corticosteroid use, caffeine intake, and reduced exercise. This study examines the relationship between bone density, body components, and physical activity (PA) in enhancing bone health, particularly in obese athletes. METHODS The 66 participants aged 18 to 30 were classified into two groups: 34 obese and 32 athletes. Measured parameters included body composition through bioelectrical impedance analysis, and bone mineral density (BMD) via quantitative ultrasound, while PA was assessed using the International PA Questionnaire. RESULTS Our findings revealed a significant positive correlation between BMD and PA (r=0.284, P=0.023). Additionally, PA demonstrated strong negative correlations with body mass index (BMI), fat mass, and visceral fat (r=-0.738, r=-0.733, and r=-0.704 respectively, all P<0.001). In contrast, no significant correlation was observed between PA and lean mass (r=0.065, P=0.609). BMD was negatively associated with BMI and visceral fat, while a robust correlation between basal metabolic rate and lean mass was evident. CONCLUSIONS A study comparing athletes involved in high-impact sports indicated that these athletes maintained adequate BMD for their chronological age (Z-score≥-2.0). Moreover, a significant difference in BMD was observed when comparing the athletes to the obese group(P=0.018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dutsadee Suttho
- Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Sudarat Apibantaweesakul
- Department of Sports Science and Sports Development, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Health, Physical Performance, Movement, and Quality of Life for Longevity Society, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Jatesupa Soponputthaporn
- Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Salintip Hemapaibun
- Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Maitee Santipongphibool
- Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Chatchaya Tengcharoenkul
- Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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Agarwal T, Lyngdoh T, Khadgawat R, Dudbridge F, Kinra S, Relton C, Smith GD, Ebrahim S, Prabhakaran D, Chandak GR, Gupta V, Walia GK. Novel genomic variants related to visceral adiposity index (VAI) and body adiposity index (BAI) in Indian sib-pairs. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:1552-1558. [PMID: 38971891 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01570-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is among the leading public health threats globally. Over the last few years, visceral adiposity index (VAI), and body adiposity index (BAI), derived from anthropometric, and biochemical measures, have gained importance as a measure of obesity. However, unlike other common indices like body mass index, and waist circumference, the genetic predisposition of VAI, and BAI under-examined. METHODS 2265 sib-pairs from Indian Migration Study were used for examining the association of genetic variants from the Cardio-Metabochip array with VAI, and BAI. Mixed linear regression models were run, and all inferences were based on the within-sib component of the Fulker's association models. Gene-environment/lifestyle interaction analyses were also undertaken. RESULTS rs6659428 at LOC400796 | SEC16B (β = 0.26, SE = 0.05), and rs7611535 at DRD3 | LOC645180 (β = 0.18, SE = 0.04) were associated with VAI at suggestive significance value of <8.21 × 10-6. For BAI, rs73300702 at JAZF1-AS1 (β = 0.27, SE = 0.06), was the top hit at p value < 8.21 × 10-6. Further, rs6659428 showed marginal effect modification with rural/urban location (β = 0.26, SE = 0.13, p value = 0.047), and rs73300702 with physical activity (β = -0.29,SE = 0.14, p value = 0.034). CONCLUSION We report three novel genetic loci for VAI, and BAI in Indians that are important indicators of adiposity. These findings need to be replicated and validated with larger samples from different ethnicities. Further, functional studies for understanding the biological mechanisms of these adiposity indices need to be undertaken to understand the underlying pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tripti Agarwal
- Indian Institute of Public Health-Delhi, Public Health Foundation of India, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | | | | | - Frank Dudbridge
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Sanjay Kinra
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene, and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Caroline Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Shah Ebrahim
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene, and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Giriraj Ratan Chandak
- Genomic Research in Complex diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular, and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vipin Gupta
- Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
| | - Gagandeep Kaur Walia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India.
- Public Health Foundation of India, Delhi, India.
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Poosri S, Boonyuen U, Chupeerach C, Soonthornworasiri N, Kwanbunjan K, Prangthip P. Association of FTO variants rs9939609 and rs1421085 with elevated sugar and fat consumption in adult obesity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:25618. [PMID: 39463443 PMCID: PMC11514288 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-77004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 10/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study explores the impact of FTO gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs9939609 and rs1421085 on dietary habits contributing to obesity risk in Thai adults. The study enrolled 384 participants from Bangkok, categorized as non-obese (BMI < 25 kg/m2) or obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) based on WHO Asia Pacific Guidelines. Genotyping for FTO variants was performed using DNA from blood samples. While both SNPs adhered to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the association between risk alleles and anthropometric measurements was not statistically significant. However, risk allele carriers showed significantly higher intakes of sugar and saturated fat compared to homozygous dominant individuals. In the obese group, the odds ratio for high-sugar intake was 2.22 (95% CI 1.13-4.37, p = 0.021) for rs9939609 risk allele carriers. For high-saturated fat intake, the odds ratio was 1.86 (95% CI 1.02-3.40, p = 0.041). Similar associations were observed for rs1421085. Risk allele carriers also exhibited significantly higher leptin levels (p < 0.043) and a positive correlation with myeloperoxidase levels (p < 0.038). These findings highlight the complex relationship between FTO risk alleles, increased consumption of sugar and saturated fat, and obesity-related parameters. The insights emphasize the importance of considering both genetic and dietary factors in obesity prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakawrut Poosri
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Usa Boonyuen
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chaowanee Chupeerach
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | | | - Karunee Kwanbunjan
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pattaneeya Prangthip
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Burtscher J, Kopp M, Klimont J, Ulmer H, Strasser B, Burtscher M. Age- and sex-dependent associations between self-reported physical activity levels and self-reported cardiovascular risk factors: a population-based cross-sectional survey. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2843. [PMID: 39415183 PMCID: PMC11481313 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-20351-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 10/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The amount of regular physical activity (PA) can modulate the prevalence of traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) such as obesity, systemic hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, how different PA levels either below (< 600 MET min/week), within (600-1200 MET min/week), or above (> 1200 MET min/week) the range of the minimal WHO recommendations impact the age- and sex-dependent prevalence of these risk factors remains to be elucidated. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate these relationships using population-based self-reported data collected in a central European country (Austria, 2019). The sample included a total of 15,461 persons (7166 males: 16-95 + years, BMI 26.6 ± 4.4; 8295 females: 16-95 + years, BMI 25.1 ± 5.0). Besides various lifestyle factors (e.g., dietary habits, smoking, and alcohol consumption), variables of particular interest were the age- and sex-dependent amount of weekly PA and prevalence of risk factors for CVD. Sex-specific logistic regression analyses were applied to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for the associations between self-reported PA and risk factor prevalence. RESULTS Relatively small beneficial effects were found regarding the prevalence of risk factors for CVD when achieving PA levels corresponding to 600-1200 MET min/week as compared to those who did not meet these recommendations. However, exceeding the WHO recommendations provided much more pronounced benefits, especially in younger and older age groups. Adjusted ORs revealed that high volumes of PA (> 1200 MET min/week) were associated with a 32-43% reduction in the prevalence of obesity and T2D compared to those who did not achieve the WHO recommendations (< 600 MET min/week), as well as with a lower prevalence of systemic hypertension only in women and a lower prevalence of hypercholesterolemia only in men. CONCLUSIONS Exceeding minimal WHO recommendations for PA promises large beneficial effects, particularly on the prevalence of obesity and T2D. Demonstrated sex differences in PA levels and their association with cardiovascular risk factors may provide an important basis for preventive health counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Burtscher
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Martin Kopp
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, A-6020, Austria
| | - Jeannette Klimont
- Unit Demography and Health, Directorate Social Statistics, Vienna, 1110, Statistics Austria, Austria
| | - Hanno Ulmer
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Barbara Strasser
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, Vienna, 1100, Austria
- Faculty of Medicine, Sigmund Freud Private University, Vienna, 1020, Austria
| | - Martin Burtscher
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, A-6020, Austria.
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Sunnetci Silistre E, Yesil A, Kozanoglu T, Balci MC, Karaca M, Gokcay GF. Challenging Childhood Obesity: The Influence of Education and Close Monitoring on Obesity-Related Behaviors. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:2048. [PMID: 39451462 PMCID: PMC11506945 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12202048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to evaluate the role of nutrition and behavior education intervention in the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity by comparing changes in obesity-related characteristics among obese children during a follow-up period of 12 months. METHODS This study was designed as a prospective cohort study in children aged between 6 and 18 years, with exogenous obesity who applied to Istanbul Research and Training Hospital, Pediatrics Department, between January 2018 and July 2019. Beginning at the sixth month, a program for nutrition and behavior education for obesity prevention and treatment was initiated and continued during the second half of the study period. RESULTS The mean age of 59 children (29 females, 30 males) was 11.73 ± 2.78. BMI levels did not show a significant difference in the first 6 months, but decreased significantly during the second 6 months of the study. Screen time, fast eating behavior, overeating behavior and food score index scores also demonstrated significant improvements during the intervention period of the study, between 6 and 12 months. CONCLUSION It was concluded that nutrition and behavior education for the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity could be a successful intervention with close follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Sunnetci Silistre
- Department of Child Health and Diseases, Acibadem Kozyatagi Hospital, Istanbul 34734, Türkiye
| | - Alihan Yesil
- Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34104, Türkiye; (A.Y.); (T.K.); (M.C.B.); (M.K.); (G.F.G.)
| | - Tugba Kozanoglu
- Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34104, Türkiye; (A.Y.); (T.K.); (M.C.B.); (M.K.); (G.F.G.)
| | - Mehmet Cihan Balci
- Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34104, Türkiye; (A.Y.); (T.K.); (M.C.B.); (M.K.); (G.F.G.)
| | - Meryem Karaca
- Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34104, Türkiye; (A.Y.); (T.K.); (M.C.B.); (M.K.); (G.F.G.)
| | - Gulden Fatma Gokcay
- Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34104, Türkiye; (A.Y.); (T.K.); (M.C.B.); (M.K.); (G.F.G.)
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Dos Santos TLF, Ataide TDR, De Carli E, Bueno NB, Bádue GS, Florêncio TMDMT, Silva-Neto LGR. The concentration of hemoglobin is associated with the dietary iron availability, food insecurity and the use of oral contraceptives among women in socially vulnerable areas of a capital city in northeastern Brazil. Br J Nutr 2024; 132:946-955. [PMID: 39417491 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114524001375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess hemoglobin concentration and its association with oral contraceptive (OC) use, food insecurity (FI) and dietary iron availability (DIA) in adult women of reproductive age (20-44 years). This is a population-based cross-sectional study that analysed 505 women living in favelas and urban communities in a capital city in northeastern Brazil. Hemoglobin concentration was determined using capillary blood samples. FI and DIA were assessed using the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale and the 24-h food recall, respectively. Association analysis was carried out using logistic regression. A directed acyclic graph (DAG) was designed to illustrate the causal paths between hemoglobin concentration and DIA. A significance level of 5 % was adopted. Low hemoglobin concentrations (11·2 g/dl: (1·79)) and a high prevalence of anaemia (64·0 %) were observed; 28·7 % used OC (28·7 %) and 76·4 % were in FI. An average energetic intake of 1495 kcal/d (482·0) and 0·46 mg/d (0·27) of DIA were also observed. In the DAG-guided multivariable analysis, it was observed that hemoglobin concentrations ≥ 12 mg/dl were directly associated with higher DIA (OR: 1·67; 95 % CI (1. 08, 2·59)) and OC use (OR: 1·67; 95 % CI (1·10, 2·55)) and inversely associated with mild FI (OR: 0·60; 95 % CI (0·37, 0·96)) or severe FI (OR: 0·37; 95 % CI: (0·18, 0·76)). Women taking OC and with a higher DIA were less likely to have low hemoglobin concentrations, while those in the context of FI were in the opposite situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thays Lane Ferreira Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu, 740-Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP04023-062, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Avenida Lourival Melo Mota, s/n. Tabuleiro dos Martins, Maceió, AL, CEP: 57072-900, Brasil
| | - Terezinha da Rocha Ataide
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Avenida Lourival Melo Mota, s/n. Tabuleiro dos Martins, Maceió, AL, CEP: 57072-900, Brasil
| | - Eduardo De Carli
- Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715 - São Paulo, SP, CEP - 01246-90, Brasil
| | - Nassib Bezerra Bueno
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu, 740-Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP04023-062, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Avenida Lourival Melo Mota, s/n. Tabuleiro dos Martins, Maceió, AL, CEP: 57072-900, Brasil
| | - Gabriel Soares Bádue
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Avenida Lourival Melo Mota, s/n. Tabuleiro dos Martins, Maceió, AL, CEP: 57072-900, Brasil
| | - Telma Maria de Menezes Toledo Florêncio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu, 740-Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP04023-062, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Avenida Lourival Melo Mota, s/n. Tabuleiro dos Martins, Maceió, AL, CEP: 57072-900, Brasil
| | - Luiz Gonzaga Ribeiro Silva-Neto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu, 740-Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP04023-062, Brasil
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Homs C, Berruezo P, Según G, Torres S, Ribera M, Sauri A, Tejada J, Ródenas J, Juton C, Milà R, Fíto M, Gómez SF, Schröder H. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and changes in body mass index. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03595-5. [PMID: 39385014 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03595-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet is considered a determinant of weight status, however, more evidence is needed for children. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is one of the healthiest worldwide. This study analyzes the prospective association between adherence to the MedDiet at baseline and changes in standardized body mass index (zBMI) and the incidence of excessive weight. METHODS 1389 children participated with a follow-up of 15 months. Weight, height, and adherence to the MedDiet were measured (baseline and follow-up). RESULTS Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that a high increase in zBMI was associated with lower odds of eating vegetables once [OR 0.74 (95% CI 0.57-0.98)] or more a day [OR 0.68 (95% CI 0.49-0.95)], nuts 2-3 times/week [OR 0.74 (95% CI 0.56-0.97)] or 2 cups of yogurt or/and cheese daily [OR 0.74 (95% CI 0.55-0.99)]. Not consuming each food item was used as reference. Multiple linear regression analysis showed a negative (β = -0.010, p = 0.040) association between the MedDiet at baseline and changes in zBMI at follow-up, significance disappeared (p = 0.082) after final adjustment for baseline zBMI. CONCLUSION Baseline MedDiet was not significantly associated with the incidence of excessive weight at follow-up. The MedDiet was positively associated with changes in zBMI, however the effect size was small. IMPACT The present longitudinal study contributes knowledge regarding the adherence to Mediterranean diet as a predictive variable of weight status evolution in children. Higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet at baseline was prospectively and inversely associated with changes in zBMI after 15 months of follow-up. Consuming vegetables, nuts, and yoghurt/cheese according to the recommendations reduces the likelihood of having a high increase in zBMI after 15 months of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Homs
- Gasol Foundation Europe, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Global Research on Wellbeing (GRoW) Research Group, Blanquerna School of Health Sciences-University Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Berruezo
- Gasol Foundation Europe, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Genís Según
- Gasol Foundation Europe, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Silvia Torres
- Gasol Foundation Europe, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Health Science and Wellbeing, University of Vic-University Central of Catalonia, Vic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Ribera
- Gasol Foundation Europe, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Sauri
- Gasol Foundation Europe, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julen Tejada
- Gasol Foundation Europe, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jan Ródenas
- Gasol Foundation Europe, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Charlotte Juton
- Endocrinology Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raimon Milà
- Global Research on Wellbeing (GRoW) Research Group, Blanquerna School of Health Sciences-University Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fíto
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago F Gómez
- Gasol Foundation Europe, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.
- GREpS, Health Education Research Group, Nursing and Physiotherapy Department, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Helmut Schröder
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
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Kim SP, Jeong I, Kang N, Kim M, Kim OK. Black Ginger Extract Suppresses Fat Accumulation by Regulating Lipid Metabolism in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. J Med Food 2024; 27:922-930. [PMID: 39023772 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2024.k.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the antiobesity effects of black ginger extract (BGE) in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Mice were divided into six groups: normal diet control (NC, AIN-93G normal diet), 60% HFD control (HFD), HFD containing metformin at 250 mg/kg b.w. (Met, positive control), and HFD containing BGE at 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg b.w. for 15 weeks. BGE administration significantly prevented HFD-induced increases in weight gain, organ weight, and adipose tissue mass. Furthermore, it resulted in decreased adipogenesis and lipogenesis-related factors, including phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1, phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, fatty acid synthase, dephosphorylated ATP-citrate lyase, dephosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and lipoprotein lipase, in white adipose tissues. Moreover, BGE administration enhanced lipolysis in white adipose tissue, as evidenced by elevated levels of adipose triglyceride lipase, phosphorylated hormone-sensitive lipase, and protein kinase A, along with reduced levels of perilipin and phosphodiesterase 3B. BGE induced thermogenesis in brown adipose tissues, as reflected by the increased expression of AMP-activated protein kinase, uncoupling protein 1, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 and decreased levels of fatty acid-binding protein 4. In conclusion, this study provides comprehensive evidence supporting the antiobesity effects of BGE, elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in preventing weight gain, suppressing adipogenesis, promoting lipolysis, and stimulating thermogenesis. These findings suggest the potential therapeutic utility of BGE in combating obesity and associated metabolic disorders (KHGASP-2023-034).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Pyo Kim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Inae Jeong
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Namgil Kang
- R&D Division, Nutrione Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyung Kim
- R&D Division, Nutrione Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Kyung Kim
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Song Y, Li X, Hu B, Chen Y, Cui P, Liang Y, He X, Yang G, Li J. A study on the configuration of factors influencing overweight and obesity in adolescents based on fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis. J Adolesc 2024; 96:1617-1627. [PMID: 38946211 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Overweight and obesity among adolescents are grave public health issues around the world. Although the conditions that contribute to obesity have been extensively researched, little is known about how multiple conditions interact to cause overweight and obesity. The current study intends to investigate the histomorphic configuration pathways of several conditions of adolescent overweight and obesity by gender. METHOD The data came from a social survey conducted in June 2021 in Changchun, Jilin Province, China. The sample collected was 14-year-old adolescents, including 167 boys and 137 girls. The school physicians examined the participants' weight and height, and questionnaires were used to collect risk indicators from adolescents, such as sleep duration, electronic screens times, consumption of sugary drinks and fried foods, and physical activity. Simultaneously, a Fuzzy Qualitative Comparative Analysis will be performed to investigate the combinations of diverse conditions. RESULT We found that there is no determining necessary condition that, once present, directly determines that an individual is in a state of overweight and obesity. Simultaneously, this study revealed nine alternative configurational paths of overweight and obesity in teenagers of different genders, with a concordance of 0.805 for six male groupings and 0.916 for three female groupings. The outcomes of overweight obesity in adolescents under different genders are similar but not identical. CONCLUSION This study examined the interactions of a number of conditions from the individual, behavioral, learning and living environment that led to the same overweight obese outcome among adolescents of different genders. Our research will be useful to policymakers in that interventions should take into account the combined effects of a number of different aspects rather than focusing on a single factor that causes overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Song
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xinru Li
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Bingqin Hu
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yitong Chen
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Peiyao Cui
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yifang Liang
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xin He
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Guofeng Yang
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jinghua Li
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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Gitsi E, Kokkinos A, Konstantinidou SK, Livadas S, Argyrakopoulou G. The Relationship between Resting Metabolic Rate and Body Composition in People Living with Overweight and Obesity. J Clin Med 2024; 13:5862. [PMID: 39407922 PMCID: PMC11477793 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13195862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2024] [Revised: 09/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is an important contributor of energy balance and displays a well-documented relationship with sex, age, race and fat-free mass (FFM) in the existing scientific literature. However, the impact of other body composition components such as fat and liver fat on RMR remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the correlation of RMR with body composition parameters in a sample of patients with overweight and obesity. Methods: Retrospective data of patients with overweight or obesity referred for magnetic resonance imaging of liver fat during the period 2018-2023 were utilized for this study. Demographic and anthropometric data were collected, including body composition parameters (body fat, muscle mass) and RMR measured by bioelectrical impedance and indirect calorimetry, respectively. Results: The final sample included 53 patients (66% male), with a mean age of 48 years (±11.2) and a mean body mass index (ΒΜΙ) of 38.5 kg/m2 (32.7, 44.7). Simple correlation models revealed that RMR was separately correlated with gender, age, BMI, muscle mass, and liver fat (all p < 0.05) but not with fat mass. When multiple regression models were employed, only muscle mass retained its statistically significant influence on RMR, while total and hepatic fat did not significantly affect RMR after controlling for other parameters (gender, age, muscle mass). Conclusions: These findings confirm the known correlation between muscle mass and RMR while highlighting the lack of association between total and hepatic fat and RMR in individuals with overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evdoxia Gitsi
- Diabetes and Obesity Unit, Athens Medical Center, 15125 Athens, Greece; (S.K.K.); (G.A.)
| | - Alexander Kokkinos
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine and Diabetes Center, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | | | | | - Georgia Argyrakopoulou
- Diabetes and Obesity Unit, Athens Medical Center, 15125 Athens, Greece; (S.K.K.); (G.A.)
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Chen YC, Tseng CS, Hsu CW. Effects of Breaking Up Sitting on Gut Hormone Responses and Subsequent Compensatory Behaviors in Physically Inactive Adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:2049-2058. [PMID: 38767985 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The effects of breaking up sitting on gut hormone responses and free-living energy compensatory behaviors are still unclear in people of Asian ethnicity. METHODS Twenty-six Asians including 13 lean individuals (Lean) and 13 individuals with centrally overweight/obesity (OW), aged between 20 and 45 yr, completed a randomized crossover study with either 5.5-h uninterrupted sitting (SIT) or 5.5-h sitting with 2-min walking at 6.4 km·h -1 every 20 min (ACTIVE) in the laboratory. Blood samples were collected at regular time points to examine postprandial glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) concentrations. Free-living physical activity and energy intake were recorded using wearable devices and weighed food diaries outside the laboratory until midnight. Paired t -tests were conducted to compare responses between trials. RESULTS Postprandial GLP-1 and PYY incremental area under the curve values were higher in the ACTIVE trial versus SIT in both Lean and OW groups (all, P < 0.05), but there was no difference in GIP in either group (both, P > 0.05). There were no differences in free-living physical activity (volume and intensity) or energy intake (total and macronutrients) between trials in either group (all, P > 0.05), resulting in greater total physical activity over the 24-h monitoring period in ACTIVE trial versus SIT trial (both, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Breaking up sitting increases postprandial GLP-1 and PYY concentrations in Asians, but does not induce subsequent behavioral compensation, resulting in greater 24-h physical activity levels and lower relative energy intake, in inactive individuals irrespective of bodyweight status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chih Chen
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, TAIWAN
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Arnone AA, Wilson AS, Soto-Pantoja DR, Cook KL. Diet Modulates the Gut Microbiome, Metabolism, and Mammary Gland Inflammation to Influence Breast Cancer Risk. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2024; 17:415-428. [PMID: 38701438 PMCID: PMC11372361 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-24-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Several studies indicate a strong link between obesity and the risk of breast cancer. Obesity decreases gut microbial biodiversity and modulates Bacteroidetes-to-Firmicutes phyla proportional abundance, suggesting that increased energy-harvesting capacity from indigestible dietary fibers and elevated lipopolysaccharide bioavailability may promote inflammation. To address the limited evidence linking diet-mediated changes in gut microbiota to breast cancer risk, we aimed to determine how diet affects the microbiome and breast cancer risk. For ten weeks, female 3-week-old BALB/c mice were fed six different diets (control, high-sugar, lard, coconut oil, lard + flaxseed oil, and lard + safflower oil). Fecal 16S sequencing was performed for each group. Diet shifted fecal microbiome populations and modulated mammary gland macrophage infiltration. Fecal-conditioned media shifted macrophage polarity and inflammation. In our DMBA-induced breast cancer model, diet differentially modulated tumor and mammary gland metabolism. We demonstrated how dietary patterns change metabolic outcomes and the gut microbiota, possibly contributing to breast tumor risk. Furthermore, we showed the influence of diet on metabolism, inflammation, and macrophage polarity. This study suggests that dietary-microbiome interactions are key mediators of breast cancer risk. Prevention Relevance: Our study demonstrates the impact of diet on breast cancer risk, focusing on the interplay between diet, the gut microbiome, and mammary gland inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana A Arnone
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Adam S Wilson
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - David R Soto-Pantoja
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Atrium Health Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Katherine L Cook
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Atrium Health Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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Kim H, Kang S, Go GW. Black beans ( Glycine max (L.) Merrill) included in a multi-grain rice reduce total cholesterol and enhance antioxidant capacity in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:2857-2864. [PMID: 39184995 PMCID: PMC11339200 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-024-01533-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of black bean (BB) supplementation on the growth performance, lipid metabolism, and antioxidant capacity of high-fat diet-induced obese mice. The results demonstrated that although the inclusion of BBs led to increased body weight, total energy intake, and feed efficiency ratio, it did not significantly alter the overall body composition, including adiposity. Notably, BB consumption reduced total cholesterol levels, suggesting its potential to manage dyslipidemia and reduce the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, BBs significantly enhanced in the total antioxidant capacity, as indicated by the notable increase in both the total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase activity. These findings provide significant insights into the promising health benefits of BBs in the context of metabolic syndrome and related health complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayoon Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Korea
| | - Sumin Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Korea
| | - Gwang-woong Go
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Korea
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48
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Li Z, Shi B, Li N, Sun J, Zeng X, Huang R, Bok S, Chen X, Han J, Yallowitz AR, Debnath S, Cung M, Ling Z, Zhong CQ, Hong Y, Li G, Koenen M, Cohen P, Su X, Lu H, Greenblatt MB, Xu R. Bone controls browning of white adipose tissue and protects from diet-induced obesity through Schnurri-3-regulated SLIT2 secretion. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6697. [PMID: 39107299 PMCID: PMC11303806 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51155-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The skeleton has been suggested to function as an endocrine organ controlling whole organism energy balance, however the mediators of this effect and their molecular links remain unclear. Here, utilizing Schnurri-3-/- (Shn3-/-) mice with augmented osteoblast activity, we show Shn3-/-mice display resistance against diet-induced obesity and enhanced white adipose tissue (WAT) browning. Conditional deletion of Shn3 in osteoblasts but not adipocytes recapitulates lean phenotype of Shn3-/-mice, indicating this phenotype is driven by skeleton. We further demonstrate osteoblasts lacking Shn3 can secrete cytokines to promote WAT browning. Among them, we identify a C-terminal fragment of SLIT2 (SLIT2-C), primarily secreted by osteoblasts, as a Shn3-regulated osteokine that mediates WAT browning. Lastly, AAV-mediated Shn3 silencing phenocopies the lean phenotype and augmented glucose metabolism. Altogether, our findings establish a novel bone-fat signaling axis via SHN3 regulated SLIT2-C production in osteoblasts, offering a potential therapeutic target to address both osteoporosis and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- PET Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baohong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Regeneration Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Regeneration Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiangchen Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Seoyeon Bok
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Regeneration Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jie Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Alisha R Yallowitz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shawon Debnath
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Cung
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zheng Ling
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chuan-Qi Zhong
- College of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yixang Hong
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Gang Li
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Mascha Koenen
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Cohen
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xinhui Su
- PET Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongbin Lu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Matthew B Greenblatt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Ren Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Regeneration Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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49
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Hahn H, Friedel M, Niessner C, Zipfel S, Mack I. Impact of physical activity on caloric and macronutrient intake in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2024; 21:76. [PMID: 39010114 PMCID: PMC11247817 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-024-01620-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity is widely promoted to maintain and improve health across all ages. Investigating how physical activity affects subsequent food intake provides insight into the factors that contribute to maintaining energy balance and effective weight management. OBJECTIVE This systematic review and meta-analysis summarizes the evidence on the effect of acute physical activity on subsequent food intake in children and adolescents. METHODS The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PRISMA) were applied. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) objectively measuring post-exercise energy intake in children and adolescents aged 5 to 18 years were included. Studies with self-reported food intake were excluded. The databases PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were searched for RCTs, and the data were summarized at a qualitative and quantitative level. Version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials was used to assess risk of bias. Changes in energy intake were examined with random effects meta-analysis. (PROSPERO: CRD42022324259). RESULTS Out of 9582 studies, 22 RCTs with cross-over design remained eligible for meta-analysis. The primary outcome was post-intervention energy intake up to the next 24 h. Heterogeneity of studies was moderate, with an I2 of 57%. The median (interquartile range, IQR) energy expended while exercising was 240 (158) kcal. Meta-analysis of 41 study arms (exercise n = 780 and control n = 478) showed no differences in total energy intake between the exercise and control group with a mean difference MD = 23.31 [-27.54, 74.15] kcal. No subgroup differences were found. Macronutrient intake and appetite sensations where not substantially affected. CONCLUSION Engaging in exercise is a suitable means of raising activity-induced energy expenditure, without causing any noticeable changes in food intake or hunger within a single day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Hahn
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstr. 5, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Manuel Friedel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstr. 5, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Claudia Niessner
- Institute of Sports and Sport Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Stephan Zipfel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstr. 5, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Isabelle Mack
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstr. 5, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.
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50
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Polfuss M, Smith K, Hopson B, Moosreiner A, Huang CC, Ravelli MN, Ding D, Huang Z, Rocque BG, White-Traut R, Van Speybroeck A, Sawin KJ. Body Composition and Energy Expenditure in Youth With Spina Bifida: Protocol for a Multisite, Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e52779. [PMID: 38954458 PMCID: PMC11252625 DOI: 10.2196/52779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity prevalence in youth with spina bifida is higher than in their typically developing peers. Obesity is associated with lifelong medical, psychological, and economic burdens. Successful prevention or treatment of obesity in individuals with spina bifida is compromised by (1) the lack of valid and reliable methods to identify body fat in a clinical setting and (2) limited data on energy expenditure that are necessary to provide daily caloric recommendations. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study will be to develop 2 algorithms for use in youth with spina bifida in a clinical setting, one to model body fat and one to predict total daily energy expenditure. In addition, physical activity and dietary intake will be described for the sample. METHODS This multisite, prospective, national clinical study will enroll 232 youth with myelomeningocele aged 5 to 18 years (stratified by age and mobility). Participants will be enrolled for 1 week. Data obtained include 4 measures of body composition, up to 5 height measures, a ramped activity protocol, and a nutrition and physical activity screener. Participants will wear an accelerometer for the week. On the final study day, 2 samples of urine or saliva, which complete the doubly labeled water protocol, will be obtained. The analysis will include descriptive statistics, Bland-Altman plots, concordance correlation, and regression analysis. RESULTS The study received extramural federal funding in July 2019. Data collection was initiated in March 2020. As of April 2024, a total of 143 (female participants: n=76, 53.1%; male participants: n=67, 46.9%) out of 232 participants have been enrolled. Data collection is expected to continue throughout 2024. A no-cost extension until November 2025 will be requested for data analysis and dissemination of findings. CONCLUSIONS This study furthers previous pilot work that confirmed the acceptability and feasibility of obtaining alternate height, body composition, and energy expenditure measures. The findings from this study will enhance screening, prevention, and treatment of abnormal weight status by facilitating the accurate identification of youths' weight status category and recommendations of daily caloric needs for this population that is at higher risk of obesity. Furthermore, the findings have the potential to impact outcomes for youth diagnosed with disabilities other than spina bifida who experience similar challenges related to alterations in body composition or fat distribution or measurement challenges secondary to mobility issues or musculoskeletal problems. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/52779.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Polfuss
- School of Nursing, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice, Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Kathryn Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, USC Keck School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Betsy Hopson
- Department of Mediciine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Andrea Moosreiner
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Chiang-Ching Huang
- Zilber College of Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Michele N Ravelli
- Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Dan Ding
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Zijian Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Brandon G Rocque
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Rosemary White-Traut
- Department of Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice, Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alexander Van Speybroeck
- Division of General Pediatrics, USC Keck School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kathleen J Sawin
- School of Nursing, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice, Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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