Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory illness of the intestine. While the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of IBD is not fully understood, it is believed that a complex combination of host immunological response, environmental exposure, particularly the gut microbiota, and genetic susceptibility represents the major determinants. The gut virome is a group of viruses found in great frequency in the gastrointestinal tract of humans. The gut virome varies greatly among individuals and is influenced by factors including lifestyle, diet, health and disease conditions, geography, and urbanization. The majority of research has focused on the significance of gut bacteria in the progression of IBD, although viral populations represent an important component of the microbiome. We conducted this review to highlight the viral communities in the gut and their expected roles in the etiopathogenesis of IBD regarding published research to date.

• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Pathogenesis
• Gut virome
• Bacteriophage
• Eukaryotic viruses

• aromatic amino acids
• branched-chain amino acids
• chronic inflammatory enteropathies
• dogs
• gut health
• threonine
• tyrosine

• carrageenan
• food additives
• health
• inflammation
• inflammatory bowel disease
• microbiome

• Humans
• Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
• Carrageenan
• Animals
• Diet
• Food Additives/adverse effects
• Permeability

• colorectal cancer
• gut microbiota
• intratumoral microbiota
• metabolite
• probiotic bacteria
• tumorigenesis

• Humans
• Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology
• Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology
• Carcinogenesis
• Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
• Bacteria
• Escherichia coli

• 2018YFA0800700 National Key Research and Development Program of China
• 82130022 National Natural Science Foundation of China
• 31925021 National Natural Science Foundation of China
• 81972702 National Natural Science Foundation of China
• 91959110 National Natural Science Foundation of China
• 82273104 National Natural Science Foundation of China
• 62173005 National Natural Science Foundation of China
• BMU2023PYJH021 Peking University Clinical Scientist Training Program Project
• 2020YB57 National Health and Family Planning Commission Foundation of China
• National Key Research and Development Program of China
• National Natural Science Foundation of China

• Folate
• Gallstone
• Trace elements
• Vitamin B12

• Avocado pulp, anti-inflammatory activity
• Dietary intervention
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Persea americana Mill.

• anti-inflammation
• cytokines
• dextran sulfate sodium
• inflammatory bowel disease
• proanthocyanidins
• red rice

• IBD
• bacteriophages
• eukaryotic viruses
• metagenomics
• virome
• virota

• Humans
• Virome
• Gastrointestinal Microbiome
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
• Bacteriophages
• Microviridae
• Metagenomics

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) usually co-exist clinically. However, whether such association is causal is still unknown.

Methods: Genetic variants were extracted as instrumental variables from the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) of IBD, Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) with 25,042 cases and 34,915 controls (GWAS p-value < 5 × 10⁻⁸). Information of genetic variants in NAFLD was extracted from a GWAS with 1,483 cases and 17,781controls. Also, liver fat content (LFC) was included as the outcome. Then, a bi-direction Mendelian randomization (MR) was carried out to appraise the causal relationship between NAFLD on IBD. Besides, a multivariable MR (MVMR) design was carried to adjust for body mass index (BMI) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) as well.

Results: Generally, IBD might not affect the risk of NAFLD (OR = 0.994 [0.970, 1.019]), together with its subtypes including UC and CD. However, genetically-elevated risk of IBD might cause liver fat accumulation (beta = 0.019, p-value = 0.016) while turning insignificant at Bonferroni correction. Besides, no causal effect of NAFLD on IBD was observed (OR = 0.968 [0.928, 1.009]), together with UC and CD. Also, genetically-elevated LFC could not impact IBD, UC and CD either. The MR CAUSE analysis supported these null associations and MVMR analysis also supported such null associations even after adjusting for BMI and T2D.

Conclusion: This MR study ruled out the causal relationship between IBD and NAFLD, suggesting therapeutics targeting NAFLD might not work for IBD and vice versa.

• nutrition
• nutrition disorders
• inflammatory bowel disease

• Adult
• Calcium, Dietary
• Case-Control Studies
• Colitis, Ulcerative/diagnosis
• Colitis, Ulcerative/epidemiology
• Diet/adverse effects
• Female
• Humans
• Iran/epidemiology
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Recommended Dietary Allowances
• Risk Factors

• Diet therapy
• FODMAPs
• Inflammatory bowel diseases
• Low-FODMAP diet
• Microbiota

• Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted/methods
• Disaccharides
• Fermentation
• Gastrointestinal Microbiome
• Humans
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome
• Monosaccharides/adverse effects
• Oligosaccharides/adverse effects
• Quality of Life

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic recurrent intestinal inflammatory disease that requires repeated invasive examinations. Convenient and noninvasive diagnostic tools for CD are lacking. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) can rapidly provide specific metabolite information in various samples. Our previous study has showed urine Raman spectrum can distinguish CD patients from healthy controls noninvasively. In this study, we further investigated the value of urine Raman spectra on identifying the disease characterizations in patients with CD.

Urine samples were analyzed by SERS to acquire specific changes of the spectra from 100 active CD (aCD) patients and 88 inactive CD (iCD) patients. The accuracy of classifier models yielded by SERS was assessed by principal component analysis and support vector machine (PCA-SVM) to investigate spectral differences and disease characterizations.

Given a panel of 16 specific Raman spectra, the classifier model was established to predict disease activity between patients with aCD and iCD and achieved higher efficacy than fecal calprotectin (AUC value, 0.864 vs 0.596, P=0.02). After leave-one-patient-out cross-validation, the classifier model still obtained 75.5% of accuracy. The correlation analysis showed it had negative correlation with endoscopic results (r=−0.616, P<0.0001). We further established the classifier model in identifying disease location to discriminate colonic-type from ileal-type CD with 63.6% of accuracy with the significantly increased intensity of 1643 cm⁻¹ band, and the model to predict the spectra changes of before and after treatment in tumor necrosis factor inhibitor responders with 91.2% of accuracy with a panel of 11 specific spectra. The metabolic changes of amino acids, proteins, lipids, and other compounds in urine levels were noted by SERS in patients with CD.

The specific changes of urine Raman spectra can reflect changes in urine metabolism. It has the potential value on being the promising diagnostic tool for disease characterizations in CD patients by a convenient and noninvasive way.

• National Natural Science Foundation of China

The resolution of inflammation is an active process, guided by specialized pro-resolution lipid mediators (SPMs). These mediators originate from polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as omega-3. Sufficient evidence suggests that the beneficial effects attributed to omega-3 are, at least in part, the result of the immunomodulatory action of the SPMs, which act systemically by overcoming inflammation and repairing tissue damage, without suppressing the immune response. Recent studies suggest that an imbalance in the synthesis and/or activity of these compounds may be associated with the pathogenesis of several inflammatory conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Thus, this review highlights the advances made in recent years with regard to the endo-genous synthesis and the biological role of lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins, as well as their precursors, in the regulation of inflammation; and provides an update on the participation of these mediators in the development and evolution of IBD and the therapeutic approaches that these immunomodulating substances are involved in this context.

• Pro-resolving lipid mediators
• Anti-inflammatory cytokines
• Omega-3
• Chronic inflammation
• Pro-inflammatory cytokines
• Inflammatory bowel disease

Antioxidants are privileged candidates for the development of adjuvants able to improve the efficiency of pharmacological therapies, particularly for chronic inflammatory syndromes. During the last 20 years, anti-TNFα (tumor necrosis factor alpha) monoclonal antibodies infusion has been the biological therapy most frequently administered but there is still large space for improvement in disease remission rates and maintenance. In this context, nutritional bioactive compounds contained in dietary patterns or included as supplements, may act as adjuvants for the induction and maintenance of IBD (inflammatory bowel diseases) remission. To verify this possibility, a single-center preliminary study (SI-CURA, Soluzioni Innovative per la gestione del paziente e il follow up terapeutico della Colite UlceRosA) was designed and carried out to evaluate whether a daily administration of purple corn supplement could improve the response to Infliximab (IFX) infusion of IBD patients with both Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). A cohort of 47 patients was enrolled in the study. Biological samples were collected before the first and the third IFX infusion. All patients received nutritional guidelines, 27 of them received commercial red fruit tea with low anthocyanins content, while 20 received a purple corn supplement with a high anthocyanin content. Results show that the administration of an antioxidant-enriched purple corn supplement could improve IFX-mediated disease remission in terms of circulating inflammatory markers. Comparison between CD and UC patients revealed that, at this anthocyanin dosage, the purple corn extract administration improved the IFX response in CD but not in UC patients. Our results may pave the way for a new metacentric study of CD patients, recruiting a wider cohort and followed-up over a longer observational time.

• Immunosuppression
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Liver
• Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
• Primary sclerosing cholangitis
• Viral hepatitis

Corticosteroids (CS) have been used extensively to induce remission in Crohn’s disease (CD); however, they are associated with severe side effects. We hypothesized that the administration of an exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) formula to CS would lead to increased CD remission rates and to decreased CS-related adverse events. We proposed to undertake a pilot study comparing EEN and CS therapy to CS alone to assess decrease symptoms and inflammatory markers over 6 weeks.

The overall aim was to assess study feasibility based on recruitment rates and acceptability of treatment in arms involving EEN

The pilot study intended to recruit 100 adult patients with active CD who had been prescribed CS to induce remission as part of their care. The patients were randomized to one of three arms: (i) standard-dose CS; (ii) standard-dose CS plus EEN (Modulen 1.5 kcal); or (iii) short-course CS plus EEN.

A total of 2009 CD patients attending gastroenterology clinics were screened from October 2018 to November 2019. Prednisone was prescribed to only 6.8% (27/399) of patients with active CD attending outpatient clinics. Of the remaining 372 patients with active CD, 34.8% (139/399) started or escalated immunosuppressant or biologics, 49.6% (198/399) underwent further investigation and 8.8% (35/399) were offered an alternative treatment (e.g., antibiotics, surgery or investigational agents in clinical trials). Only three patients were enrolled in the study (recruitment rate 11%; 3/27), and the study was terminated for poor recruitment.

The apparent decline in use of CS for treatment of CD has implications for CS use as an entry criterion for clinical trials.

• Change prescription
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Nutrition
• Pilot

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The prevalence of both in pediatric populations has been constantly increasing. This study aimed to analyze the diet of adolescent patients with IBD in comparison to healthy controls and the current dietary standards for the Polish population to further their optimal supplementation regimen. The study group consisted of 53 patients (21 girls and 32 boys) with IBD (CD: n = 27; UC: n = 26) at a mean age of 15.4 ± 2.4 and 14.7 ± 2.2, years for girls and boys, respectively. The control group (CG) consisted of 20 patients, and 72 h of recall diaries on nutrition were collected. The nutritional data were analyzed in the Dieta 6D dietary program. When compared to Polish dietary standards, the largest differences girls with IBD and boys with IBD were found for the intake of energy (61.9 and 71.9%), iodine (61.9 and 62.6%), folates (76.2 and 87.5%), vitamin D (100 and 96.9%), potassium (61.9 and 59.4%), and calcium (85.7 and 93.8%). The overconsumption of saturated fatty acids (SFA) (61.9 and 56.3%) and sodium (76.2 and 90.6%) in girls and boys, respectively, was noted. In relation to girls with CG, girls with IBD showed a significantly higher intake of energy (1751. 3 vs. 1558.6 p = 0.0224), total protein (71.3 vs. 56.2 p = 0.0217), animal protein (47.8 vs. 34.5 p = 0.0183), total carbohydrates (237.3 vs. 196.1 p = 0.0442), and assimilable carbohydrates (219.8 vs. 180.5 p = 0.7921). Boys in the CG consumed significantly more calcium (851.8 vs. 432 p = 0.0006), phosphorus (1024.3 vs. 1357.5 p = 0.0431), lactose (11.6 vs. 6.1 p = 0.0016), and riboflavin (1.7 vs. 1.3 p = 0.0123) compared to boys with IBD. Dietician care should therefore be mandatorily provided alongside outpatient care. Based on our results, we suggest that supplementation with the selected components be considered.

• Crohn’s disease
• adolescents
• diet
• inflammatory bowel disease
• nutrition
• teenagers
• ulcerative colitis

• Enteromorpha polysaccharide-zinc chelate
• Intestinal development
• Prophylactic antibiotic
• Weaned piglet

• FCAL
• PURE
• healthy diet score
• inflammation
• inflammatory bowel disease

• Crohn disease
• articulation work
• chronic disease
• consumer health information technology
• context
• diet
• inflammatory bowel diseases
• nutrition
• patient work
• qualitative research
• self-management
• user-centered design

• case-control study
• dietary pattern
• inflammatory bowel disease
• inflammatory potential of the diet
• ulcerative colitis

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex multifactorial disorder in which external and environmental factors have a large influence on its onset and development, especially in genetically susceptible individuals. Crohn’s disease (CD), one of the two types of IBD, is characterized by transmural inflammation, which is most frequently located in the region of the terminal ileum. Oxidative stress, caused by an overabundance of reactive oxygen species, is present locally and systemically in patients with CD and appears to be associated with the well-described imbalanced immune response and dysbiosis in the disease. Oxidative stress could also underlie some of the environmental risk factors proposed for CD. Although the exact etiopathology of CD remains unknown, the key role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of CD is extensively recognized. Epigenetics can provide a link between environmental factors and genetics, and numerous epigenetic changes associated with certain environmental risk factors, microbiota, and inflammation are reported in CD. Further attention needs to be focused on whether these epigenetic changes also have a primary role in the pathogenesis of CD, along with oxidative stress.

• Crohn’s disease
• antioxidants
• dysbiosis
• environmental factors
• epigenetics
• inflammation
• microbiota
• oxidative stress
• pathogenesis

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease mediated by the immune system and characterized by the importance of diet in pathological development. This study aims to understand how the use of predefined diets can affect the adult population diagnosed with IBD. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. From the different databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane, LILACS, CINAHL, and WOS), we found 4195 registers. After a review process, only 31 research studies were selected for qualitative synthesis and 10 were selected for meta-analysis. The variables used were Crohn’s Disease Activity Index (CDAI) for patients with Crohn’s Disease (CD) and fecal calprotectin (FC), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), and albumin (ALB) for patients with IBD. Predefined diets have been shown to have partial efficacy for the treatment of IBD and are compatible with other medical treatments. CDAI improved but with reasonable doubts due to the high heterogeneity of the data, while no differences were observed for ALB, FC, and CRP. More studies that evaluate the influence of predefined diets on IBD patients are needed due to the great variability in diets and the tools used to measure their effects.

• Crohn’s disease
• Inflammatory bowel diseases
• meta-analysis
• nutrition therapy
• systematic review

A specific diet regimen is a promising way of managing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with the Mediterranean diet (MD) being a likely candidate due to its potential to modulate gut inflammation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate nutritional habits and dietary attitudes of IBD patients, and to assess their adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The study enrolled 50 Crohn’s disease and 44 ulcerative colitis patients, with clinical and laboratory parameters taken. Dietary attitudes were examined, and adherence to MD was assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Service Score (MDSS). Average MDSS score was 6.0 (5.0–7.0), while only nine participants fulfilled criteria for Mediterranean diet adherence. Moreover, all of them were men (p = 0.021). Low percentage of adherence to recommended guidelines was observed for eating olive oil (25.5%), fresh fruit (14.9%), and vegetables (10.6%). Significant positive correlation was observed between total MDSS points and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels (p = 0.002). The majority of the patients (86.2%) considered that a more controlled diet could reduce their IBD symptoms, while 17% visited a nutritionist for diet advice. The majority of patients (84%) would visit educational programs regarding nutrition. In conclusion, adherence to MD was very low, while IBD patients were willing to extend their nutritional knowledge if proper educational programs were organized.

• Mediterranean Diet Service Score (MDSS)
• Mediterranean diet
• inflammatory bowel disease
• nutrition

• Adult
• Colitis, Ulcerative/diet therapy
• Crohn Disease/diet therapy
• Diet, Mediterranean
• Female
• Food
• Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
• Humans
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/diet therapy
• Male
• Nutritional Status
• Patient Compliance

• Colonic Pouches/microbiology
• Colonic Pouches/physiology
• Diet/adverse effects
• Humans
• Microbiota/physiology
• Pouchitis/diet therapy
• Pouchitis/etiology
• Pouchitis/prevention & control
• Risk Factors

• diet
• environmental factors
• inflammatory bowel diseases
• meta-analysis
• risk factors

Cholesterol Gallstone Disease (GSD) is a common multifactorial disorder characterized by crystallization and aggregation of biliary cholesterol in the gallbladder. The global prevalence of GSD is ~10–20% in the adult population but rises to 28% in Chile (17% among men and 30% among women). The small intestine may play a role in GSD pathogenesis, but the molecular mechanisms have not been clarified. Our aim was to identify the role of the small intestine in GSD pathogenesis. Duodenal biopsy samples were obtained from patients with GSD and healthy volunteers. GSD status was defined by abdominal ultrasonography. We performed a transcriptome study in a discovery cohort using Illumina HiSeq. 2500, and qPCR, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to validate differentially expressed genes among additional case-control cohorts. 548 differentially expressed genes between GSD and control subjects were identified. Enriched biological processes related to cellular response to zinc, and immune and antimicrobial responses were observed in GSD patients. We validated lower transcript levels of metallothionein, NPC1L1 and tight junction genes and higher transcript levels of genes involved in immune and antimicrobial pathways in GSD patients. Interestingly, serum zinc and phytosterol to cholesterol precursor ratios were lower in GSD patients. A significant association was observed between serum zinc and phytosterol levels. Our results support a model where proximal small intestine plays a key role in GSD pathogenesis. Zinc supplementation, modulation of proximal microbiota and/or intestinal barrier may be novel targets for strategies to prevent GSD.

• Adolescent
• Adult
• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Carbonated Beverages/statistics & numerical data
• Diet/statistics & numerical data
• Energy Drinks/statistics & numerical data
• Energy Intake/physiology
• Feeding Behavior/physiology
• Female
• Fruit
• Humans
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/epidemiology
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/etiology
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Nutrition Surveys/statistics & numerical data
• Prevalence
• Socioeconomic Factors
• United States/epidemiology
• Young Adult

• I01 BX002526 BLRD VA
• IK6 BX004476 BLRD VA
• R01 DK107739 NIDDK NIH HHS
• R01 DK116306 NIDDK NIH HHS
• National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
• U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
• Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America

Glycogenosis type Ib (GSD1B) causes not only hypoglycemia but also infections and “Crohn's disease like” inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that can significantly impair patient's quality of life. We retrospectively evaluated infectious and digestive complications in 9 French patients (3 girls, 6 boys) diagnosed at 0.8 years on average, with a mean follow-up of 19.1 years. Infections occurred earlier than IBD, at mean ages of 1.7 and 3.8 years, respectively. The number of acute hospitalizations was 0.7/year due to infectious (0.4/year) or digestive symptoms (0.4/year). Clinical presentations allowed separating patients into mild (n = 5) and severe (n = 4) intestinal involvement. Patients in the severe group had more serious digestive symptoms but also earlier neutropenia (median 0.3 vs. 1.5 years, p =0 .046) with a tendency to a lower neutrophil count (NC) during follow-up, and a higher number of acute hospitalizations (median 1.3/year vs. 0.2/year, p =0 .014) due to digestive symptoms (median 0.6/year vs. 0.05/year, p = 0,012) and infections (median 0.8/year vs. 0.2/year, p =0 .014). Treatments included G-CSF and cotrimoxazole (n = 7), 5-aminosalicylic acid (n = 2), and a polymeric solution enriched in the anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β (n = 4, “severe” group), and immunomodulatory treatment (n = 1). In conclusion, infections and IBD are rare but severe complications in GSD1B. Neutropenia tended to be more prevalent in the severe IBD group than in the mild IBD group. Dietetic treatment with specific anti-inflammatory solutions seems particularly appropriate in these patients.

• ANC, Absolute Neutrophil Count
• Anti-inflammatory solutions
• CD, Crohn's disease
• CRP, C-reactive protein
• EEN, Exclusive Enteral Nutrition
• EN, Enteral Nutrition
• ENT, Ear, Nose and Throat
• ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate
• G-CSF, Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
• G6PT, glucose-6-phosphate translocase
• GSD1, Glycogen storage disease type I
• Glycogen storage disease type 1B
• Harvey Bradshaw score
• IBD, Inflammatory Bowel Disease
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Neutropenia
• PEN, Partial Enteral Nutrition
• SD, Standard Deviation

• colitis
• gut barrier
• gut microbiome
• lycopene
• neuroinflammation

• Animals
• Bacteria/classification
• Bacteria/genetics
• Bacteria/isolation & purification
• Bacteria/metabolism
• Brain/physiopathology
• Colitis/chemically induced
• Colitis/drug therapy
• Colitis/microbiology
• Colitis/psychology
• Dextran Sulfate/adverse effects
• Disease Models, Animal
• Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
• Humans
• Lycopene/administration & dosage
• Male
• Mental Disorders/drug therapy
• Mental Disorders/microbiology
• Mental Disorders/psychology
• Mice
• Mice, Inbred C57BL

• antioxidant
• anti‐inflammation
• inflammatory bowel disease
• intestinal barrier
• microbiota

• National Research Foundation of Korea
• Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy
• Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is an umbrella term that covers both ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), which are chronic inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal system. Airway diseases are one of the most commonly studied manifestations of IBD. It is observed that populations with pre-existing obstructive pulmonary conditions are at higher risk of new-onset IBD. This newly documented evidence of increased incidence of IBD among patients with pulmonary diseases and the higher than the estimated prevalence of pulmonary diseases among IBD sufferers support the hypothesis of a two-way association. This review article focuses on summarizing the current knowledge and available evidence regarding the association between IBD and obstructive pulmonary diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, bronchiectasis, and asthma.

We utilized PubMed as the primary search source and database and included the free full-text articles available on it, published over the past five years. We reviewed literature from multiple regions of the world, such as the US, UK, China, and Canada and compiled this traditional review article utilizing the information collected from 4,966,459 patients. Specifications such as age and gender were not mentioned in all articles.

This review will serve to strengthen the existing research database concerning the relationship between IBD and obstructive pulmonary diseases. It will help to highlight the significance of the two-way association between IBD and obstructive pulmonary disease and the importance of treating these two conditions simultaneously. It will also raise awareness about the importance of timely detection of IBD and associated airway complications, leading to decreased disease burden and the treatment cost.

• asthma
• copd
• crohn's disease
• inflammatory bowel disease
• obstructive pulmonary disease
• ulcerative colitis

• Diet
• Gastrointestinal Diseases
• Glutens
• Humans
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome
• Nutrients

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease mediated by the immune system and characterized by the inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. This study is to understand how the use of parenteral nutrition (PN) can affect the adult population diagnosed with IBD. We conducted a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. From the different databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane, LILACS, CINAHL, WOS), we found 119 registers with an accuracy of 16% (19 registers). After a full-text review, only 15 research studies were selected for qualitative synthesis and 10 for meta-analysis and meta-regression. The variables used were Crohn’s Disease Activity Index (CDAI), albumin, body weight (BW), and postoperative complications (COM). PN has shown to have efficacy for the treatment of IBD and is compatible with other medicines. The CDAI and albumin improve, although the effect of PN is greater after a while. However, the effect on the albumin could be less than the observed value in the meta-analysis due to possible publication bias. The BW does not change after intervention. COM utilizing PN has been observed, although the proportion is low. More studies specifically referring to ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) are needed to develop more concrete clinical results.

• Crohn disease
• inflammatory bowel diseases
• meta-analysis
• parenteral nutrition
• systematic review

• Crohn’s disease
• enteral nutrition
• inflammatory bowel diseases
• meta-analysis
• systematic review

• Enteral Nutrition
• Humans
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/therapy
• Remission Induction

• enteral nutrition
• feeding
• inflammatory bowel disease
• parenteral nutrition

• Adult
• Enteral Nutrition/methods
• Female
• Humans
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/therapy
• Male
• Parenteral Nutrition/methods
• Prospective Studies

• diet
• inflammatory bowel disease
• ulcerative colitis

• Colitis, Ulcerative/diagnosis
• Colitis, Ulcerative/diet therapy
• Colitis, Ulcerative/epidemiology
• Colitis, Ulcerative/physiopathology
• Colon/pathology
• Colon/physiopathology
• Diet/adverse effects
• Humans
• Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
• Risk Factors
• Treatment Outcome

Current evidence to support extensive use of probiotics in inflammatory bowel disease is limited and factors that contribute to the inconsistent effectiveness of clinical probiotic therapy are not completely known. Here, we used Bifidobacterium longum JDM 301 as a model probiotic to study potential factors that may influence the effect of probiotics in experimental colitis. We found that the effect of B. longum JDM 301 in tempering experimental colitis varied across individual mice even with the same genetic background. The probiotic efficacy was highly correlated with the host gut microbial community features. Consumption of a diet rich in fat could exacerbate mucosal injury-induced colitis but could not change the host responsiveness to B. longum JDM 301 treatment, suggesting of potential mechanistic differences between regulating colitis pathogenesis, and modulating probiotic efficacies by the gut microbiota. Together, our results suggest that personalized microbiome features may modify the probiotic therapeutic effect and support the idea of personalized probiotic medicine in inflammatory bowel disease.

• biotherapy
• inflammatory bowel disease
• microbiota
• personalized medicine
• probiotics

• Adult
• Aged
• Case-Control Studies
• Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology
• Female
• Humans
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/complications
• Italy/epidemiology
• Logistic Models
• Male
• Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology
• Middle Aged
• Multivariate Analysis
• Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/diagnostic imaging
• Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/epidemiology
• Prevalence
• Prospective Studies
• Risk Factors
• Ultrasonography

• Crohn's disease
• FODMAP
• fermentable carbohydrates
• inflammatory bowel disease
• ulcerative colitis

• The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study
• diet
• inflammatory bowel disease
• nutrition
• pregnancy outcomes

• Adult
• Child
• Cohort Studies
• Diet/adverse effects
• Female
• Humans
• Infant, Newborn
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/complications
• Mothers/statistics & numerical data
• Norway/epidemiology
• Pregnancy
• Pregnancy Complications/epidemiology
• Pregnancy Complications/etiology
• Pregnancy Outcome

• N01ES75558 NIEHS NIH HHS
• U01 NS047537 NINDS NIH HHS

Rice bran (RB) is a major by-product of rice polishing and a rich source of bioactive compounds. Here, we investigated the anti-colitis effect of diet supplementation with fermented rice bran (FRB) in a murine model of ulcerative colitis. FRB was prepared by dual fermentation of RB using fungi and lactic acid bacteria. Colitis was induced in C57Bl/6N male mice (n = 8/group) by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Body weight change, disease activity index (DAI), histopathology score, tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, cytokine and chemokine transcript levels, and the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and mucin in the colonic tissue were monitored. Based on histopathology scores, DSS induced severe mucosal inflammation, with an increased loss of crypts, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the control and RB groups, but not in the FRB group. MPO activity, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance levels, and pro-inflammatory cytokine transcript (Tnf-α, Il-1β, Il-6, and Il-17) levels were significantly higher in the control and RB groups than in the FRB group. Thus, dietary FRB attenuated intestinal inflammation owing to elevated SCFAs and tryptamine production, which might regulate tight junction barrier integrity and intestinal homeostasis. These results suggest that FRB could comprise an effective potential preventive agent for ulcerative colitis.

• fermented rice bran
• short chain fatty acids
• tryptamine
• tryptophan

• FODMAP diet
• Gastrointestinal symptoms
• IBD
• Meta-analysis