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Revoredo ECV, Ximenes CRC, Bezerra TFP, de Oliveira KGSC, da Silva HJ, Gomes ADOC, Leão JC. Transsurgical Palatal Obturator for Maxillectomy Patients: A Preliminary Study of Swallowing and Oropharyngeal Geometry. Dysphagia 2025:10.1007/s00455-025-10831-5. [PMID: 40397166 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-025-10831-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2025] [Indexed: 05/22/2025]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Resection of malignancy through maxillectomy and subsequent maxillofacial prosthetics provides adequate swallowing function and rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to verify whether there is association between changes in swallowing and the oropharyngeal geometry in maxillectomy patients with and without using transsurgical palatal obturators (TPO). METHODS The study includes 7 maxillectomy patients, TPO users who underwent complementary radiotherapy. Outcome variables were investigated by acoustic pharyngometry (APh) and fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) to assess the oropharyngeal geometry and swallowing, respectively with and without TPO. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics (postoperative radiotherapy, type of surgery, type of obturator, time elapsed between adaptation and the swallowing test) were evaluated. To compare with and without TPO conditions, Mann-Whitney test and Spearman's correlation coefficient were used. RESULTS Swallowing variables: early escape and nasopharyngeal reflux showed better results with TPO (p = 0.021 and p = 0.029, respectively) compared to swallowing without TPO. The oropharyngeal geometry was not statistically associated with swallowing changes. CONCLUSION Oropharyngeal measures by APh compared to the swallowing evaluation by FEES showed a correlation between early escape and longer length of the vocal tract in individuals with TPO. Swallowing in maxillectomy patients showed significant improvement with the use of transsurgical palatal obturator, related to the lack of early escape and absence of nasopharyngeal reflux.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Coeli Regina Carneiro Ximenes
- Speech-Languague Pathology and Audiology Departament, Federal University of Pernambuco. Health Sciences Center. Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Thiago Freire Pinto Bezerra
- Graduate Program in surgery, Federal University of Pernambuco. Medical Sciences Center. Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Kelly Greyce Sukar Cavalcanti de Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Human Communication Health, Federal University of Pernambuco, Health Sciences Center. (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Comunicação Humana da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - Centro de Ciências da Saúde). Recife, Av. Prof. Artur de Sá, s/n - Cidade Universitária - Recife/PE, Pernambuco, 50670-420, Brazil
| | - Hilton Justino da Silva
- Speech-Languague Pathology and Audiology Departament, Federal University of Pernambuco. Health Sciences Center. Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Human Communication Health, Federal University of Pernambuco, Health Sciences Center. (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Comunicação Humana da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - Centro de Ciências da Saúde). Recife, Av. Prof. Artur de Sá, s/n - Cidade Universitária - Recife/PE, Pernambuco, 50670-420, Brazil
| | - Adriana de Oliveira Camargo Gomes
- Speech-Languague Pathology and Audiology Departament, Federal University of Pernambuco. Health Sciences Center. Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Human Communication Health, Federal University of Pernambuco, Health Sciences Center. (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Comunicação Humana da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - Centro de Ciências da Saúde). Recife, Av. Prof. Artur de Sá, s/n - Cidade Universitária - Recife/PE, Pernambuco, 50670-420, Brazil.
| | - Jair Carneiro Leão
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pernambuco. Health Sciences Center. Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Department of Clinical and Preventive Dentistry. Health Sciences Center. Recife, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Ray CS, Gupta PC. Oral cancer in India. Oral Dis 2025; 31:1439-1454. [PMID: 38950053 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the epidemiological status of oral cancer (OC) in India along with updates on risk factors, advances and gaps in preventive measures, treatment, costs of care and monitoring. METHODS Two national estimates of incidence and mortality were cited, one for 2016 by the Global Burden of Disease India Study and one based on projections for 2020 by GLOBOCAN. The National Cancer Registry Project provided local and regional incidence and trends using data from 2012-2016. Scientific literature, reports of the NCRP, the IARC and government press releases were also consulted. RESULTS Tobacco and areca nut habits are the major risk factors for OC in India. In the 1980s, intervention studies on oral screening, awareness generation and habit cessation in rural areas reduced tobacco use and oral leukoplakia. Lately, adoption of the tobacco control law and mass media communications have resulted in decreased tobacco use. However, the increasing popularity of highly carcinogenic tobacco products containing areca nut, with evasion of their bans, is increasing OC incidence. CONCLUSION Despite advances in care, there is growing incidence of OC, persisting poor awareness about the need to quit tobacco/areca nut/alcohol use and go for screening. Major efforts are needed to implement preventive activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecily S Ray
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Prakash C Gupta
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, India
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3
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Srivastava P, Rai A, Kumar M. Network analysis of differentially expressed genes involved in oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma: a comparative approach. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2025; 139:583-593. [PMID: 39779388 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2024.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2024] [Revised: 12/03/2024] [Accepted: 12/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is categorized as an oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD) with an increased risk of occurrence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In this study, we aimed to identify the hub genes associated with OSMF and OSCC. STUDY DESIGN Using RStudio, a set of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in (A) OSMF, (B) OSCC, and (C) comparative OSMF-OSCC category, obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The Protein to Protein Interaction (PPI) Network, hub genes, and functional annotation were determined using Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING), Cytoscape, and SR-Plot, Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). RESULTS A total of 2081, 2320, and 3295 DEGs were obtained from the OSMF, OSCC, and comparative categories, respectively. Hub gene and gene enrichment analysis revealed that the genes in (A) MYH6, TTN, TNNT3, MYL1, TPM2, ACTN3, NEB, MYL2, TNNT1, and TPM1; (B) CD4, SELL, CD28, CD27, PRF1, CD80, GZMB, CD40LG, ITGAX, and IL4; and (C) CD4, CD8A, CTLA4, CD28, GZMB, IL79, CD69, CD40LG, IFNG, and CD80 categories, were associated with muscle contraction, cell proliferation, and malignant transformation. CONCLUSIONS Hub genes and functional enrichment analysis revealed the diagnostic genes and the genes responsible for the malignant transformation in OSMF, OSCC, and the comparative category. A panel of identified genes will be of clinical significance in targeted therapy in future studies. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol YEAR;VOL:page range).
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Srivastava
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Arpita Rai
- Dental Institute, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India.
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Chauhan A, Salwa, Shedgaonkar GG, Kumar L, Karmakar A, Khajuria S, Raghavendra AP, Verma R. Antioxidant and anticancer activities of hesperetin and its novel formulations in KB cells. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2025; 398:5213-5236. [PMID: 39531045 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03581-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 10/28/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to formulate the hesperetin nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) containing oro-mucosal gel for its activity assessment on the KB cell line. NLCs were prepared with glyceryl monostearate, oleic acid, and lecithin using a modified constant-temperature emulsification technique. The particle size analysis, in vitro drug release studies, etc., of prepared NLCs were evaluated. The formulated gels were analyzed with respect to spreadability, extrudability, swelling index, texture analysis, etc. The particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and drug entrapment of nanocarriers were recorded to be 221.733 ± 61.536 nm, 0.381 ± 0.091, - 51.433 ± 4.143 mV, and 89.29%, respectively. The optimized NLCs in 24 h released 87.14 ± 6.62% of the drug. The round shape of NLCs was noticed with scanning electron microscopy. The pH, spreadability, extrudability, swelling index, content uniformity, and drug release studies of hesperetin NLCs-containing gel (HNG) were found to be 6.81 ± 0.04, 2.49 ± 0.04 cm.mg/s, 539.04 ± 32.88 g/cm2, 4.27 ± 0.47, 107.98 ± 1.93%, and 90.17 ± 6.67% (in 48 h), respectively. The developed formulations showed promising in vitro anticancer and antioxidant activities. HNP results authorize that the formulation may be beneficial for the treatment of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunima Chauhan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Melaka-Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
- Faculty of Dentistry, Manipal University College Malaysia, Jalan Batu Hampar, Bukit Baru, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Salwa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Gayatri Gopal Shedgaonkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur 844 102, Vaishali, Bihar, India.
| | - Arka Karmakar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur 844 102, Vaishali, Bihar, India
| | - Salil Khajuria
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur 844 102, Vaishali, Bihar, India
| | | | - Ruchi Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Ranganathan K, Kavitha L. Clinical aspects of oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders in South and Southeast Asia. Oral Dis 2025; 31:1406-1419. [PMID: 38817004 DOI: 10.1111/odi.15008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral cancer and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMD) are major health problems in South and Southeast Asia. AIMS To describe and discuss the clinical aspects of Oral Cancer and OPMD in South and Southeast Asia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature review of concepts and data over the last four decades. DISCUSSION Asian countries account for about two-thirds of new cases of oral cancer (OC) globally, with the highest burden in the South and Southeast Asian countries, including Pakistan and India. Habits, dietary patterns, socioeconomic status, and access to routine dental care play a crucial role in defining the demographics and clinical presentation of OC in these regions and significantly influence the morbidity and mortality of the disease. This region sees the use of different types of tobacco with or without areca nut (AN), such as pan masala, gutka, gul, snuff, mawa, and mishri. Tobacco use is high among men in Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Maldives, Bangladesh, Nepal, India and Bhutan. Areca nut is the fourth most common addictive substance globally and is frequently used in South and Southeast Asian countries, including Southeast China, Hainan Island, India, Taiwan, and the Pacific Islands, and immigrants from these regions in Africa, Europe, and North America. The use of these products results in mucosal alterations with varied clinical presentation of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDs) and OC. We discuss here the different types of OPMD and OC, the diagnostic aids and their relevance in clinical practice, and factors that influence their prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Ranganathan
- Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Affiliated to The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Loganathan Kavitha
- Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Affiliated to The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Karuppan Perumal MK, Rajan Renuka R, Kumar Subbiah S, Manickam Natarajan P. Artificial intelligence-driven clinical decision support systems for early detection and precision therapy in oral cancer: a mini review. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2025; 6:1592428. [PMID: 40356851 PMCID: PMC12066789 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2025.1592428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2025] [Accepted: 04/17/2025] [Indexed: 05/15/2025] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer (OC) is a significant global health burden, with life-saving improvements in survival and outcomes being dependent on early diagnosis and precise treatment planning. However, diagnosis and treatment planning are predicated on the synthesis of complicated information derived from clinical assessment, imaging, histopathology and patient histories. Artificial intelligence-based clinical decision support systems (AI-CDSS) provides a viable solution that can be implemented via advanced methodologies for data analysis, and synthesis for better diagnostic and prognostic evaluation. This review presents AI-CDSS as a promising solution through advanced methodologies for comprehensive data analysis. In addition, it examines current implementations of AI-CDSS that facilitate early OC detection, precise staging, and personalized treatment planning by processing multimodal patient information through machine learning, computer vision, and natural language processing. These systems effectively interpret clinical results, identify critical disease patterns (including clinical stage, site, tumor dimensions, histopathologic grading, and molecular profiles), and construct comprehensive patient profiles. This comprehensive AI-CDSS approach allows for early cancer detection, a reduction in diagnostic delays and improved intervention outcomes. Moreover, the AI-CDSS also optimizes treatment plans on the basis of unique patient parameters, tumor stages and risk factors, providing personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Karuppan Perumal
- Centre for Stem Cell Mediated Advanced Research Therapeutics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Remya Rajan Renuka
- Centre for Stem Cell Mediated Advanced Research Therapeutics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Subbiah
- Centre for Stem Cell Mediated Advanced Research Therapeutics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prabhu Manickam Natarajan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences and Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
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Deepali, Goel N, Khandnor P. DeepOmicsSurv: a deep learning-based model for survival prediction of oral cancer. Discov Oncol 2025; 16:614. [PMID: 40278990 PMCID: PMC12031713 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-025-02346-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2025] [Indexed: 04/26/2025] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral cancer is an important health challenge worldwide and accurate survival time prediction of this disease can guide treatment decisions. This study aims to propose a deep learning-based model, DeepOmicsSurv, to predict survival in oral cancer patients using clinical and multi-omics data. METHODS DeepOmicsSurv builds on the DeepSurv model, incorporating multi-head attention convolutional layers, dropout, pooling, and batch normalization to boost its strength and precision. Various dimensionality reduction techniques, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Kernel PCA, Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF), Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), Partial Least Squares (PLS), Multidimensional Scaling (MDS), and Autoencoders, were employed to manage the high-dimensional omics data. The model's performance was evaluated against DeepSurv, DeepHit, Cox Proportional Hazards (CoxPH), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN). Additionally, SHapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) was used to analyze the impact of clinical features on survival predictions. RESULTS DeepOmicsSurv achieved a C-index of 0.966, MSE of 0.0138, RMSE of 0.1174, MAE of 0.0795, and MedAE of 0.0515, outperforming other deep learning models. Among various dimensionality reduction techniques, autoencoder performed the best with DeepOmicsSurv. SHAP analysis showed that Age, AJCC N Stage, alcohol history and patient smoking history are prevalent clinical features for survival time. CONCLUSION In conclusion, DeepOmicsSurv has the potential to predict survival time in oral cancer patients. This model achieved high accuracy with various data types including Clinical, DNAmethylation + clinical, mRNA + clinical, Copy number alteration + clinical, or multi-omics data. Additionally, SHAP analysis reveals clinical factors that influence survival time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali
- University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
- Department of Computer Science, Guru Nanak College, Budhlada, 151502, India
| | - Neelam Goel
- University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Padmavati Khandnor
- Department of Computer Science, Punjab Engineering College (Deemed to be University), Chandigarh, 160012, India
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Gupta A, Devi A, Kamboj M, Narwal A, Kumar A, Singh S. Immunohistochemical Expression of PARK2 and YAP in Oral Epithelial Dysplasia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Head Neck Pathol 2025; 19:50. [PMID: 40279065 PMCID: PMC12031683 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-025-01790-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2025] [Accepted: 04/05/2025] [Indexed: 04/26/2025]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the most prevalent of all the oral cancers. There is no definitive marker available for its early diagnosis and its effective prognosis. YAP serves as a transcriptional regulator in hippo tumor suppressor pathway thereby activating the transcription of genes taking part in cellular proliferation, alteration, migration, and invasion. On the contrary, PARK2 acts as a tumor suppressor and has been widely explored in various malignancies. However, its role in OSCC carcinogenesis is untrodden. AIM To evaluate the Immunohistochemical expression of YAP and PARK2 in oral epithelial dysplasia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and establish them as prognostic markers. MATERIAL AND METHOD The study sample consisted of 70 formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections of normal oral mucosa (10), oral epithelial dysplasia (30) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (30). Immunohistochemical analysis of YAP and PARK2 was done and final scores were calculated. Further, the markers were graded as low and high expression groups. Statistical analysis was done using chi-square test, cox regression analysis and Spearman's correlation. Kaplan Meier plot for survival analysis was also plotted. RESULT Immunohistochemical expression of YAP depicted a gradual incline from normal oral mucosa to oral squamous cell carcinoma while PARK2 showed a reverse trend. Significant difference of YAP and PARK2 expression between three groups was noted. Inverse moderate degree of correlation was observed between both the markers in OSCC group. CONCLUSION Concomitant immunoexpression of YAP and PARK2 with a moderate degree of inverse correlation from normal oral mucosa to oral squamous cell carcinoma could probably serve as diagnostic and prognostic markers as they might act through a common mechanism, probably hippo/YAP signaling, which could be further confirmed by larger sample size, including longer follow up in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Gupta
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pt.BD. Sharma University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Anju Devi
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pt.BD. Sharma University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India.
| | - Mala Kamboj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pt.BD. Sharma University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Anjali Narwal
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pt.BD. Sharma University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Adarsh Kumar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pt.BD. Sharma University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Sunita Singh
- Department of Pathology, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak City, Haryana, 124001, India
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Kumari D, Karmakar V, Sisinthy SP, Pandey M, Jain N, Gorain B. Nanoemulsion and nanoemulgel-based carriers as advanced delivery tools for the treatment of oral diseases. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2025; 15:1139-1155. [PMID: 39500820 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01735-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
Abstract
Oral diseases rank among the most widespread ailments worldwide posing significant global health and economic challenges affecting around 3.5 billion people, impacting the quality of life for affected individuals. Dental caries, periodontal disease, bacterial and fungal infections, tooth loss and oral malignancies are among the most prevalent global clinical disorders contributing to oral health burden. Traditional treatments for oral diseases often face challenges such as poor drug bioavailability, breakdown of medication in saliva, inconsistent antibiotic levels at the site of periodontal infection as well as higher side effects. However, the emergence of nanoemulgel (NEG) as an innovative drug delivery system offers promising solutions where NEG combines the advantages of both nanoemulsions (NEs) and hydrogels providing improved drug solubility, stability, and targeted delivery. Due to their minuscule size and ability to control drug release, NEGs hold promise for improving treatment of oral diseases, where versatility of these delivery systems makes them suitable for various applications, including topical delivery in dentistry. This review concisely outlines the anatomy of the oral environment and investigates the therapeutic potential of NE-based gels in oral disorder treatment. It thoroughly examines the challenges of drug delivery in the oral cavity and proposes strategies to improve therapeutic efficacy, drawing attention to previous research reports for comparison. Through comprehensive analysis, the review highlights the promising role of NEGs as a novel therapeutic approach for oral health management via research advancements and their clinical translation. Additionally, it provides valuable insights into future research directions and development opportunities in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Varnita Karmakar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | | | - Manisha Pandey
- Department of Pharmacy, Central University of Haryana, Mahendargarh, Haryana, India
| | - Neha Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Bapi Gorain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India.
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Nagaraj V, Akshitha A, Muthandham S, Rajaram S. Management of psychological distress in a patient diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma arising from areca nut-induced oral fibrosis. BMJ Case Rep 2025; 18:e262597. [PMID: 40037893 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2024-262597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2025] Open
Abstract
Patients with oral cancer are more susceptible to emotional and psychological consequences immediately after diagnosis and treatment phase, which may cause depressive disorders. The WHO defines depression as a disorder that lasts at least 2 weeks and is characterised by a person's protracted unhappiness and loss of interest in activities. Patients psychological responses vary widely according to fears of recurrence, coping mechanisms, health beliefs and available financial support. Individual planning of the treatment and different ways of approach are necessary to beat the psychological fear in patients. Here, we present a case study of a male patient who developed psychological distress following his diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma arising from areca nut-induced oral fibrosis. This case highlights the significance of early identification, focused therapies and psychological screening as a means of successfully resolving their psychological issues and ultimately enhancing the quality of oncology intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vezhavendhan Nagaraj
- Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology & Oral Microbiology, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth University, Pondicherry, India
| | - Achuthan Akshitha
- Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pondicherry, India
| | | | - Suganya Rajaram
- Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology & Oral Microbiology, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth University, Pondicherry, India
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Bahramian A, Pakdel F, Pourzare Mehrbani S, Golchin E, Maljaei E, Hosseinpour Sarmadi M, Deljavanghodrati T, Katebi K. Salivary carcinoembryonic antigen in desquamative gingivitis: A comparative study in oral lichenoid reactions before and after topical corticosteroid therapy. JOURNAL OF ADVANCED PERIODONTOLOGY & IMPLANT DENTISTRY 2025; 17:26-30. [PMID: 40265032 PMCID: PMC12010480 DOI: 10.34172/japid.2025.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 12/05/2024] [Accepted: 12/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2025]
Abstract
Background Desquamative gingivitis is an immunological chronic disease that is considered precancerous and has the potential to develop into squamous cell carcinoma. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a common tumor marker, increases in many cancers. The present study compared salivary CEA levels in desquamative gingivitis before and after topical corticosteroid therapy. Methods This case‒control study was conducted in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Tabriz Faculty of Dentistry. Twenty patients with desquamative gingivitis in oral lichen planus (OLP) background were selected as the case group, with 20 healthy individuals as the control group. Desquamative gingivitis lesions were confirmed with biopsies. Salivary samples were obtained from both groups. Second, salivary samples were collected from the case group after a course of topical corticosteroid therapy. Salivary CEA levels were measured by a monobind kit using the ELISA method. Independent and paired t-tests were used to analyze the data in SPSS 17. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Before treatment, CEA levels were significantly higher in the case group (174.06±95.55) than in the control group (55.66±41.26 ng/mL) (P<0.001). Salivary CEA levels in the case group decreased significantly after the treatment (96.77±66.25 ng/mL) compared to before treatment (174.06±95.55 ng/mL) (P<0.001). Conclusion This study demonstrated that CEA levels significantly decreased in patients with desquamative gingivitis associated with oral lichenoid reaction after receiving topical corticosteroid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayla Bahramian
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Pakdel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Solmaz Pourzare Mehrbani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Golchin
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Hosseinpour Sarmadi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Katayoun Katebi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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12
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Prajapati D, Hakim M, Patel M, Ansari MJ, Alfarraj S, Chauhan S, Bhatt V, Yadav VK, Sahoo DK, Thummar K, Patel A. Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Novel Pongamia pinnata Derived Herbal Mouth-Dissolving Film for Treating Oral Disorders and Evaluating Its Anticancer Properties. Cell Biochem Funct 2025; 43:e70049. [PMID: 39876524 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.70049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 10/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2025] [Indexed: 01/30/2025]
Abstract
The present study aimed to optimize a mouth-dissolving film (MDF) made from Pongamia pinnata stem bark extract to increase patient compliance and accelerate oral disease therapy. Several stem bark extracts were prepared, and karanjin was used as an herbal marker for the extracts. The ethanolic extract showed the maximum yield (12.10% ± 0.09%) and cytotoxic activity against human oral cancer (KB 3-1) and embryonic kidney cell lines. The MDF formulation was focused on incorporating a fixed amount of the extract and varying concentrations of HPMC E5 polymer, along with evaluating the performance of plasticizers like PEG 400 and propylene glycol (PG). An optimized formulation was determined based on disintegration time, wetting time, and folding endurance. The formulation consisted of HPMC E5 as a film-forming polymer, PG as a superior plasticizer, ascorbic acid as an antioxidant, and other ingredients contributing to solubility, dispersion, sweetening, and appearance. High-performance thin-layer chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis confirmed higher levels of karanjin in the optimized formulation, ensuring its successful incorporation and stability. Taste masking evaluations indicate a favorable taste profile and a high potential for patient compliance. The stability study displayed no significant changes in the physical characteristics of the film, affirming its stability and quality. In conclusion, the developed herbal-based optimized MDF presents a promising drug delivery system, offering enhanced patient compliance, taste masking, and stability. The MDF holds great potential for effective treatment and management of oral diseases, providing convenience and improved therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devang Prajapati
- Graduate School of Pharmacy, Gujarat Technological University (GTU), Gandhinagar, India
| | - Masuma Hakim
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, India
| | - Margi Patel
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, India
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad, Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, India
| | - Saleh Alfarraj
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanjay Chauhan
- Graduate School of Pharmacy, Gujarat Technological University (GTU), Gandhinagar, India
| | - Vaibhav Bhatt
- Graduate School of Pharmacy, Gujarat Technological University (GTU), Gandhinagar, India
| | - Virendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, India
| | - Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Kashyap Thummar
- Graduate School of Pharmacy, Gujarat Technological University (GTU), Gandhinagar, India
| | - Ashish Patel
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, India
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13
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Vadgaonkar RA, Hajare R, KK S, Mehta A, Chiriki K, Chauhan P, Hoque T, Dravid C, Kavutarapu SK, Noothanapati NR, Nachu S, Miriyala R, Mahantshetty U. Clinical implementation of interstitial brachytherapy in early-stage oral cancer in a newly commissioned tertiary cancer center: Challenges and initial experience. J Contemp Brachytherapy 2025; 17:1-14. [PMID: 40191055 PMCID: PMC11966224 DOI: 10.5114/jcb.2025.148374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2025] [Indexed: 04/09/2025] Open
Abstract
Purpose High-dose-rate (HDR) interstitial brachytherapy (ISBT) is a curative treatment option for head and neck cancer patients. However, its overall utilization has been declining, particularly in newer cancer setups. This study investigated challenges in ISBT implementation, and reported initial outcomes of early-stage oral cancer patients in a newly established tertiary cancer center. Material and methods After reviewing guidelines and addressing administrative requirements, ISBT program was launched. Key steps in the process included establishing brachytherapy suite, staff training, and optimizing workflows. Alongside standard protocols, additional procedures, such as clinical drawing templates, intra-oral ultrasound, and intra-oral spacers were implemented. From August 2020 to July 2022, 18 patients with early-stage (cT1-2N0M0) oral cancer (tongue = 13, lip = 3, buccal mucosa = 2) received treatment with either ISBT alone (n = 3) or external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), followed by ISBT with HDR cobalt-60 source (n = 15). Treatment characteristics, oncological outcomes, and morbidity profiles were analyzed. Results The median age of the cohort was 55 years (range, 29-75 years), with two-thirds of males. The majority had T1 stage (72.2%), with infiltrative growth pattern (72.2%). All patients with oral tongue cancer, 1 lip and 1 buccal mucosa cancer, received elective nodal irradiation with EBRT, followed by ISBT, achieving a total median EQD2 of 74 Gy. The remaining 3 patients (2 with lip and 1 with buccal mucosa primary) received ISBT alone. Post-treatment complete response was observed in 17 patients (94.4%), with no cases of acute toxicity > grade 2. At a median follow-up of 32 months, an overall 3-year local-regional control and overall survival rates were 67.9% and 72.7%, respectively. One patient developed grade 3 myelopathy, and one grade 3 osteoradionecrosis. Conclusions Implementing ISBT in a newly established cancer center is feasible and effective for early-stage oral cancer, providing moderate oncological outcomes with manageable toxicity profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Avinash Vadgaonkar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Raghavendra Hajare
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Sreelakshmi KK
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Ankita Mehta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Kiriti Chiriki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Pankaj Chauhan
- Department of Dental and Prosthetics Surgery, Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Taushiful Hoque
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Visakhapatnam, India
| | | | - Sasi Krishna Kavutarapu
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Nageswara Rao Noothanapati
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Sneha Nachu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Raviteja Miriyala
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Umesh Mahantshetty
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Visakhapatnam, India
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14
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Vinay V, Jodalli P, Chavan MS, Buddhikot CS, Luke AM, Ingafou MSH, Reda R, Pawar AM, Testarelli L. Artificial Intelligence in Oral Cancer: A Comprehensive Scoping Review of Diagnostic and Prognostic Applications. Diagnostics (Basel) 2025; 15:280. [PMID: 39941210 PMCID: PMC11816433 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics15030280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2024] [Revised: 01/19/2025] [Accepted: 01/22/2025] [Indexed: 02/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Oral cancer, the sixth most common cancer worldwide, is linked to smoke, alcohol, and HPV. This scoping analysis summarized early-onset oral cancer diagnosis applications to address a gap. Methods: A scoping review identified, selected, and synthesized AI-based oral cancer diagnosis, screening, and prognosis literature. The review verified study quality and relevance using frameworks and inclusion criteria. A full search included keywords, MeSH phrases, and Pubmed. Oral cancer AI applications were tested through data extraction and synthesis. Results: AI outperforms traditional oral cancer screening, analysis, and prediction approaches. Medical pictures can be used to diagnose oral cancer with convolutional neural networks. Smartphone and AI-enabled telemedicine make screening affordable and accessible in resource-constrained areas. AI methods predict oral cancer risk using patient data. AI can also arrange treatment using histopathology images and address data heterogeneity, restricted longitudinal research, clinical practice inclusion, and ethical and legal difficulties. Future potential includes uniform standards, long-term investigations, ethical and regulatory frameworks, and healthcare professional training. Conclusions: AI may transform oral cancer diagnosis and treatment. It can develop early detection, risk modelling, imaging phenotypic change, and prognosis. AI approaches should be standardized, tested longitudinally, and ethical and practical issues related to real-world deployment should be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Vinay
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India;
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sinhgad Dental College & Hospital, Pune 411041, Maharashtra, India
| | - Praveen Jodalli
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India;
| | - Mahesh S. Chavan
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sinhgad Dental College & Hospital, Pune 411041, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Chaitanya. S. Buddhikot
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital Pune, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth Pimpri Pune, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Alexander Maniangat Luke
- Department of Clinical Science, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Al-Jruf, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates; (A.M.L.); (M.S.H.I.)
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Science Research, Ajman University, Al-Jruf, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Saleh Hamad Ingafou
- Department of Clinical Science, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Al-Jruf, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates; (A.M.L.); (M.S.H.I.)
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Science Research, Ajman University, Al-Jruf, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rodolfo Reda
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Caserta 06, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Ajinkya M. Pawar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai 400034, Maharashtra, India
| | - Luca Testarelli
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Caserta 06, 00161 Rome, Italy;
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15
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Barua B, Chyrmang G, Bora K, Ahmed GN, Kakoti L, Saikia MJ. Classifying tumour infiltrating lymphocytes in oral squamous cell carcinoma histopathology using joint learning framework. Sci Rep 2025; 15:2938. [PMID: 39848989 PMCID: PMC11757777 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-86527-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2025] [Indexed: 01/25/2025] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common form of oral cancer, with increasing global incidence and have poor prognosis. Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are recognized as a key prognostic indicator and play a vital role in OSCC grading. However, current methods for TILs quantification are based on subjective visual assessments, leading to inter-observer variability and inconsistent diagnostic reproducibility. Only a few studies have been conducted in automating TILs quantification for OSCC, existing methods use score-based systems that focus only on tissue-level spatial analysis, overlooking essential cellular-level information and do not provide TILs infiltration subcategories required for determining OSCC grading. To address these limitations, we propose OralTILs-ViT, a novel joint representation learning framework that integrates cellular and tissue-level information. Our model employs two parallel encoders: one extracts cellular features from cellular density maps, while the other processes tissue features from H&E-stained tissue images. This dual-encoder approach enables OralTILs-ViT to capture complex tissue-cellular interactions, classifying TILs infiltration categories consistent with Broders' grading system-"Moderate to Marked", "Slight" and "None to Very Less." This approach reflects pathology practices and increases TILs classification accuracy. To generate cellular density maps, we introduce TILSeg-MobileViT, a multiclass segmentation model trained using a weakly supervised method, minimizing the need for manual annotation of cellular masks and overcoming the limitations of previous TILs assessment techniques. An extensive evaluation of our methodology demonstrates that OralTILs-ViT with the configuration (Adam, α = 0.001) outperforms existing approaches, achieving 96.37% accuracy, 96.34% precision, 96.37% recall, and a 96.35% F1 score. Furthermore, TOPSIS analysis confirms that our method ranks first across all TILs infiltration categories. In summary, our proposed methodology outperforms single modality-representation learning approaches for accurate and automated TILs classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barun Barua
- Department of Computer Science and IT, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam, 781001, India
| | - Genevieve Chyrmang
- Department of Computer Science and IT, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam, 781001, India
| | - Kangkana Bora
- Department of Computer Science and IT, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam, 781001, India.
| | - Gazi N Ahmed
- North East Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Jorabat, Guwahati, Assam, 781023, India
| | | | - Manob Jyoti Saikia
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152, USA.
- Biomedical Sensors and Systems Lab, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152, USA.
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Miao Q, Li S, Lyu W, Zhang J, Han Y. Exosomes in Oral Diseases: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Applications. Drug Des Devel Ther 2025; 19:457-469. [PMID: 39867866 PMCID: PMC11766710 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s505355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2025] [Indexed: 01/28/2025] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles secreted by various cells, play crucial roles in the pathogenesis and treatment of oral diseases. Recent studies have highlighted their involvement in orthodontics, periodontitis, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). Exosomes have a positive effect on the inflammatory environment of the oral cavity, remodeling and regeneration of oral tissues, and offer promising therapeutic options for bone and periodontal tissue restoration. In OSCC tumor-derived exosomes promote cancer progression through cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis, and serve as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis. Additionally, engineered exosomes constructed specifically based on exosome properties hold great promise for targeted drug delivery and regenerative therapies such as bone regeneration in orthodontics and periodontal healing. With continued research, exosomes hold great potential for improving diagnosis and treatment in oral diseases, advancing personalized and regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiandai Miao
- Department of Stomatology, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, 100091, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaoqing Li
- Department of Stomatology, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, 100091, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weijia Lyu
- Department of Stomatology, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, 100091, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianxia Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, 100091, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Han
- Department of Stomatology, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, 100091, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Wankhade D, Dhawale C, Meshram M. Advanced deep learning algorithms in oral cancer detection: Techniques and applications. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS 2025; 43:133-158. [PMID: 39819195 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2024.2445957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2025]
Abstract
As the 16th most common cancer globally, oral cancer yearly accounts for some 355,000 new cases. This study underlines that an early diagnosis can improve the prognosis and cut down on mortality. It discloses a multifaceted approach to the detection of oral cancer, including clinical examination, biopsies, imaging techniques, and the incorporation of artificial intelligence and deep learning methods. This study is distinctive in that it provides a thorough analysis of the most recent AI-based methods for detecting oral cancer, including deep learning models and machine learning algorithms that use convolutional neural networks. By improving the precision and effectiveness of cancer cell detection, these models eventually make early diagnosis and therapy possible. This study also discusses the importance of techniques in image pre-processing and segmentation in improving image quality and feature extraction, an essential component of accurate diagnosis. These techniques have shown promising results, with classification accuracies reaching up to 97.66% in some models. Integrating the conventional methods with the cutting-edge AI technologies, this study seeks to advance early diagnosis of oral cancer, thus enhancing patient outcomes and cutting down on the burden this disease is imposing on healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipali Wankhade
- Research Scholar, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research Wardha, Nagpur, India
| | - Chitra Dhawale
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, (Declared as Deemed-to-be-University), Wardha, India
| | - Mrunal Meshram
- Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Sharad Pawar Dental Collage, Sawangi, Wardha, India
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18
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Shukla NP, Senapathy GJ. Current Review on Nanophytomedicines in the Treatment of Oral Cancer: Recent Trends and Treatment Prospects. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 2025; 42:89-118. [PMID: 39321333 DOI: 10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.v42.i1.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major life-threatening diseases in the world and oral cancer is the 8th most common type of deadly cancers in Asian countries. Despite many causes, tobacco is the main causative agent as 90% of oral cancer cases were due to daily consumption of tobacco and its products. The major drawback of the conventional therapies for oral cancer including chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy or combination of these is the dose limiting toxicity. Developments in technology and research led to new innovative discoveries in cancer treatments. In the past few decades, increased attention has been given to researches in alternative cancer treatment strategies using plants and plant products. Recently many anticancer drugs from natural products or phytochemicals were approved internationally. Due to the low bioavailability and poor solubility of phytochemicals, various research works on nano-carrier based drug delivery systems were exploited in the recent past to make them as promising anticancer agents. In the current review, an overview of oral cancer and its treatment, risk factors, missing links of conventional therapies, contribution of nanotechnology in cancer treatment and research on phytochemical based drug treatment and different polymeric nanoparticles were discussed briefly. The future prospects for the use of various types of polymeric nanoparticles applied in the diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer were also mentioned. The major concern of this review is to give the reader a better understanding on various types of treatment for oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha P Shukla
- C.G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Gopal-Vidyanagar, Maliba Campus, Surat, Gujarat 394350, India
| | - Giftson J Senapathy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Energy Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382007, India
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19
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Easwaran M, Madasamy S, Venkidasamy B. Theranostic Potential of Bacteriophages against Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Curr Gene Ther 2025; 25:89-91. [PMID: 38808710 DOI: 10.2174/0115665232305905240521081553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is a widespread and challenging disease that accounts for 94% of cancers of the oral cavity worldwide. Bacteriophages (phages) have shown promise as a potential theranostic agent for the treatment of OSCC. It may offer advantages in overcoming the challenges of conventional methods. Modern high-throughput pyrosequencing techniques confirm the presence of specific bacterial strains associated with OSCC. Bio-panning and filamentous phages facilitate visualization of the peptide on surfaces and show high affinity in OSCC cells. The peptide has the potential to bind integrin (αvβ6), aid in diagnosis, and inhibit the proliferation of OSCC cells. Mimotopes of tumor-associated antigens show cytotoxic and immune responses against cancer cells. Biomarker-based approaches such as transferrin enable early OSCC diagnosis. A modified temperate phage introduces CRISPR-Cas3 to target antimicrobial-resistant bacteria associated with OSCC. The research findings highlight the evolving field of phage diagnostics and therapy and represent a new avenue for non-invasive, targeted approaches to the detection and treatment of OSCC. However, extensive clinical research is required to validate the efficacy of phages in innovative cancer theranostic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maheswaran Easwaran
- Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Sivagnanavelmurugan Madasamy
- Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
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20
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Arvindh S, Priyadarshini M, Baba AB, Veeravarmal V, Mishra R, Dash R, Nagini S. The Neem Limonoid Nimbolide Modulates Key Components of the DNA Damage Response Signalling in Cellular and Animal Models of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2025; 26:428-442. [PMID: 38561609 DOI: 10.2174/0113892010291998240321074920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deregulated DNA damage response (DDR) network is implicated in cancer progression and therapy resistance. OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to investigate whether nimbolide, an anticancer neem limonoid, targets key components of the DDR signalling pathway in cellular and animal models of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS OSCC cells (SCC-4 and SCC-9), 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch (HBP) carcinoma model, chemoresistant OSCC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model established in athymic nude mice, and tissue sections from patients with oral premalignant/malignant disease were used for the study. Key molecules that orchestrate the DDR, including the MRN complex, ATM, DNA-PKcs, H2AX, and p53, were analysed by qRTPCR, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. Cell proliferation and apoptosis indices were evaluated. RESULTS Nimbolide significantly reduced 8-oxodG levels, expression of MRN, ATMS1891, and γ- H2AX, with an increase in p-p53S15 in OSCC cells as well as in the HBP model. Nimbolide potentiated the effect of KU-55933 in ATM inhibition. In the PDX model, nimbolide suppressed tumor formation, stimulated DDR and apoptosis, inhibited cell proliferation, and enhanced sensitivity to cisplatin. Analysis of p-ATM expression revealed a significant increase during the sequential progression of hamster and human OSCC. CONCLUSION This study provides compelling evidence that nimbolide functions as a DDR inhibitor in cellular and hamster OSCC models and as a DDR activator in the PDX model primarily by targeting ATM. Small molecules like nimbolide that modulate DDR are of immense benefit in cancer therapy. The study has also unveiled p-ATM as a promising biomarker of tumour progression in human OSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soundararajan Arvindh
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Abdul Basit Baba
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, 190011, India
| | - Veeran Veeravarmal
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Government Dental College and Hospital, Cuddalore District, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajakishore Mishra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu-Lohardaga Road, Brambe, Ranchi, 835205, Jharkhand, India
| | - Rupesh Dash
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
| | - Siddavaram Nagini
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
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21
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Gupta S, Sharma D, Hooda A, Kamboj M. Assessment of Lipid Profile in Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Oral Pathol Med 2025; 54:3-11. [PMID: 39618035 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 10/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An altered blood lipid profile has been considered as a diagnostic and/or prognostic marker for cancer. Since oral cancer is usually preceded by oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and share common etiopathogenesis, thus researchers have tried to explore the role of blood lipid profile as a marker for OPMDs; however, no consensus has been made regarding the utilization of serum lipid profile as a biomarker for oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). Thus, the present article aimed to validate serum lipid profile as a biomarker for OSMF. METHODOLOGY PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and Clinical key databases were searched for relevant articles. Thirty-six studies that met the eligibility criteria were included for qualitative review, however, out of these, 27 studies with specific data for OSMF and the control group were included in the meta-analysis. RESULTS A significant reduction in very low-density lipoprotein (p = 0.042), low density lipoprotein (p = 0.006), high density lipoprotein (p = 0.020), triglyceride (p = 0.049) and total cholesterol (p = 0.009) levels in blood were observed in OSMF patients in comparison to healthy controls whereas no significant difference was seen in contrast to oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. CONCLUSION Although a significant alteration was observed in lipid levels in OSMF patients, considerable heterogeneity in all the studied parameters implies that blood lipid profile could not be used as a reliable biomarker for OSMF and require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Gupta
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Deepti Sharma
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Christian Dental College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Anita Hooda
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Mala Kamboj
- Department of Oral Pathology, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Sivasuriyan KS, Namasivayam SKR, Pandian A. Molecular insights into the anti-cancer activity of chitosan-okra mucilage polymeric nanocomposite doped with nano zero-valent iron against multi-drug-resistant oral carcinoma cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2025; 286:138495. [PMID: 39644860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.138495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2024] [Revised: 11/12/2024] [Accepted: 12/05/2024] [Indexed: 12/09/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanotechnology, particularly those utilizing polymeric nanocomposites, have garnered significant attention for their effectiveness and biocompatibility in cancer diagnosis and treatment. In this study, a chitosan-okra mucilage polymeric nanocomposite doped with nano zero-valent iron (CS-OM-nZVI), synthesized using green chemistry principles, was evaluated for its anti-cancer activity against drug-resistant oral carcinoma cells (KBChR). The nanocomposite was created from chitosan, mucilage derived from okra biomass, and nano zerovalent iron particles synthesized through chemical reduction. The resulting nanocomposite exhibited a highly stable, crystalline nanoscale structure with excellent stability. Anti-cancer activity was assessed by measuring cell viability, apoptosis induction, oxidative stress markers, DNA fragmentation, and performing in silico docking studies between the components of the polymeric nanocomposite (CS-OM-nZVI) and key proteins involved in carcinoma pathogenesis. The nanocomposite demonstrated significant anticancer activity, with an IC50 of 600 μg/mL, indicating notable effects on cell viability. It also induced significant morphological changes associated with apoptosis, such as chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation. Additionally, the nanocomposite had a marked effect on oxidative stress markers, particularly catalase and superoxide dismutase activity. In silico docking studies revealed that the polymeric composite modulates and enhances both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways, confirmed by chitosan's binding to Caspase-3. This study suggests that the prepared nanocomposite is a promising anti-cancer agent against drug-resistant oral carcinoma cells, demonstrating a significant impact on cancer cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krithika Shree Sivasuriyan
- Centre for Applied Research, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 602105, India
| | - S Karthick Raja Namasivayam
- Centre for Applied Research, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 602105, India.
| | - Arjun Pandian
- Centre for Applied Research, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 602105, India
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23
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Singh A, Nagarkar NM, Chowhan AK, Mehta R, Arora RD, Rao KN, Dange PS. Prognostic Effectiveness of PD-L1 Tumoral Expression in Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Indian J Surg Oncol 2024; 15:816-824. [PMID: 39555374 PMCID: PMC11564476 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-024-01984-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 11/19/2024] Open
Abstract
PD-L1 is a glycoprotein present on antigen-presenting cells and malignant cells and activates the PD-L1 receptor on cells surfaces, leading to T-cell anergy and death. The objective of this study was to assess PD-L1 tumoral expression in 50 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma, define its prognostic value, and investigate its association with 2-year overall survival, locoregional recurrence, distant metastasis, and a number of other clinicopathological parameters. In a 24-month prospective observational study, involving 50 oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma patients, PD-L1 tumoral expression was evaluated using semiquantitative immunohistochemistry analysis by an experienced pathologist. PD-L1 expression of ≥ 6% of tumor cells was associated with poor survival outcome and determined to be a pertinent clinical cutoff value. PD-L1 expression of ≥ 6% was significantly associated with a number of clinicopathological parameters in our study of 50 patients with OSCC. Pathological nodal staging (P = 0.00), lympho-vascular invasion (P = 0.03), extra-nodal extension (P = 0.04), overall staging (P = 0.01), locoregional recurrence (P = 0.00), and distant metastasis (P = 0.00) all showed statistically significant associations. Our study concluded a significant correlation with decreased 2-year overall survival and 2-year disease free survival by using the Kaplan- Meier survival plot for overall survival (p = 0.02) and (p = 0.0002), respectively. The presence of ≥ 6% PD-L1 (CD274) tumoral expression was found to be significantly associated with 2-year overall survival (OS), locoregional recurrence (LRC), distant metastasis (DM), and various clinicopathological parameters. Tumoral PD-L1 was found as a discrete prognostic biomarker which showed significant association with tumor aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambesh Singh
- Head & Neck Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh India
| | - Nitin M. Nagarkar
- Head & Neck Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh India
| | - Amit Kumar Chowhan
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh India
| | - Rupa Mehta
- Head & Neck Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh India
| | - Ripu Daman Arora
- Head & Neck Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh India
| | - Karthik N. Rao
- Head & Neck Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh India
| | - Prajwal S. Dange
- Head & Neck Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh India
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24
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Mathew J, Rajani BC, Thakur D, Krishnappa R, Sabitha KS, Halkud R. Single-Tracer Methylene Blue-Guided Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Early-Stage Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Buccal Mucosa: A Prospective Study. Indian J Surg Oncol 2024; 15:661-670. [PMID: 39555370 PMCID: PMC11564486 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-024-01962-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 11/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Subsite and tumor stage-related heterogeneity in studies on optical tracer-guided sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has led to inconsistent results, limiting the applicability and wider adoption of this technique. Methodology This single-center, prospective validation study conducted in January and February 2022, included 29 consecutive patients with early-stage, node-negative SCC of the buccal mucosa undergoing methylene blue-guided SLNB followed by modified radical neck dissection (considered the reference standard) to determine the identification rate and test validity of SLNB, and secondarily, the clinicopathological factors associated with node-positivity using binary logistic regression. Results SLN identification rate with methylene blue was 93.1% with 66 SLNs retrieved in 27 patients, at a median 2 (IQR 2-3) nodes per procedure. Additionally, 644 nodes were grossed in the neck dissection specimens of 29 patients (median yield 24; IQR 17.5-26 per procedure). Overall accuracy of SLNB was 96.3% (95%CI 81.03-99.91%), with sensitivity and negative predictive value of 83.3% (95%CI 35.88-99.58%) and 95.5% (95%CI 77.16-99.88%), respectively. The only factor independently predictive of occult nodal involvement was pathological depth of infiltration (hazard ratio 3.312; 95%CI 1.040-10.546, p = 0.043) which at 6.5 mm was 100% sensitive and 91.3% specific (area under curve 0.975; 95%CI 0.925-1.000). Conclusion Methylene blue-guided SLNB may be considered a viable alternative to evaluate the neck in early-stage buccal mucosal SCC with acceptable test validity and reliability. [Registered with the Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI/2022/01/039523 dated 18th January 2022)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Mathew
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, India
| | - B. C. Rajani
- Department of Oral Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, India
| | - Deeksha Thakur
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, India
| | - R. Krishnappa
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, India
| | - K. S. Sabitha
- Department of Oral Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, India
| | - Rajshekar Halkud
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, India
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25
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Kamala KA, Sankethguddad S. P53 and Ki67 Biomarkers are Predictors for Malignant Transformation in Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Prospective Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2024; 25:4129-4136. [PMID: 39733401 PMCID: PMC12008325 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2024.25.12.4129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2024] [Indexed: 12/31/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a potentially malignant disorder (PMD) characterized by a high rate of malignant transformation (MT). OSMF exhibits atrophic epithelium yet has a high proliferation rate. Both p53 and Ki67 are nuclear proteins associated with cell proliferation, detectable in the early stages of oral cancer (OC). This study aimed to analyze the efficacy of p53 and Ki67 immuno-expression as tools for predicting malignant transformation in OSMF cases. The objective was to correlate the expression of p53 and Ki67 with demographic and chewing habits data. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study group consisted of 60 histopathologically diagnosed cases of OSMF, 60 cases of OC as positive controls, and 60 cases of NOM as negative controls. Immunohistochemistry was performed on neutral-buffered formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections of 3 μm thickness, using ready-to-use anti-human p53 protein (clone DO-7) and monoclonal antibody for Ki67 antigen (clone MIB-1). Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software version 21, employing the chi-square test (p < 0.05). RESULTS The expression of p53 and Ki67 was significantly higher in OSMF samples compared to NOM samples, but lower than in OC samples. When the expression levels of both p53 and Ki67 were correlated with demographic and chewing habits data, the results were statistically significant. CONCLUSION The overexpression of p53 and Ki67 may contribute to the progression of MT in OSM. Early detection of these biomarkers is crucial for preventing MT, which also helps reduce the morbidity and mortality of OC. Therefore, both p53 and Ki67 can serve as predictive biomarkers for the early detection of MT in high-risk OSMF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- KA. Kamala
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology. School of Dental Sciences, KIMSDU, Karad, Pin code -415110, District- Satara, Maharashtra, India.
| | - S Sankethguddad
- Department of Periodontology, HKDET’S Dental College, Hospital and Reaserch Institute, Humnadad, Karnataka, India.
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26
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Halder P, Das S, Jeer G, Sarkar S, Das A, Saha A, Rathor S. Effect of socioeconomic status and women empowerment status on coverage of oral cancer screening among Indian women within reproductive age group. Sci Rep 2024; 14:28597. [PMID: 39562702 PMCID: PMC11577079 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-80346-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 11/18/2024] [Indexed: 11/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is the second most prevalent cancer in India and 5% of all cancers in women is contributed by oral cancer. In spite of being a part of national programme, the screening coverage rates remain low. Studies have indicated that the societal status of women and their empowerment plays a role in screening coverage for cancer. The objective of the current study is to estimate the coverage of oral cancer screening among Indian women within reproductive age-group across Indian states and union territories (UTs), to explore the relationship of socioeconomic status (SES) and women empower status (WES) with oral cancer screening coverage across Indian states and union territories (UT). Data from the fifth round of the nationally representative cross-sectional survey (National Family Health Survey, NFHS-2019-2021) was used in the present study with 3,48,882 individuals being included in the final analysis. We have cross-tabulated SES and WES composite scores with the Dimension Index (DI) of screening and categorised states and UTs into low, middle and high. We have represented these values over the Indian map. The interaction among these was graphically represented by a bubble plot. Further, we estimated the association of each indicator of SES and WES with screening coverage using multivariable logistic regression. The national coverage of oral cancer screening among women of reproductive age was 0.77% with Andhra Pradesh (7%) and Andaman and Nicobar Islands (10%) recording the highest screening coverage. Despite having high SES and WES scores, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh, the screening (DI) was low. States with both high women empowerment status and high socioeconomic status showed high oral cancer screening uptake but the trend was not universal. Still, there were variations in the association among the states. The increased screening was significantly associated with higher access to improved sanitary facility (76%) and clean fuel for cooking (44%). Socio-economic status is an important precursor for better oral cancer screening coverage but women empowerment status did not always translate into good cancer screening uptake. Deep-rooted socio-cultural constructs and stigma associated with cancer and its implications may play a role. Implementation research for better uptake of oral cancer screening coverage is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Halder
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Semanti Das
- Center for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110049, India
| | - Girish Jeer
- Center for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110049, India
| | - Sushanta Sarkar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Saroj Gupta Cancer Center and Research Institute, Kolkata, 700063, India
| | - Anamika Das
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Employees State Insurance Corporation Hospital and Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Basaidarpur, New Delhi, 110015, India
| | - Arijit Saha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani, 741245, India
| | - Shivani Rathor
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
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27
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Raali R, Sivakumar N, Vardhan J H, P K S. Targeting mitochondrial dynamics: an in-silico approach for repurposing antifungal drugs in OSCC treatment. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-14. [PMID: 39530920 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2425831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Drug repurposing for cancer treatment is a valuable strategy to identify existing drugs with known safety profiles that could combat the neoplasm, by reducing costs. Oral squamous cell carcinoma, an ulcer-proliferative lesion on the mucosal epithelium, is the most common oral malignancy. About 10% of cancer patients within the Indian subcontinent suffer from OSCC, primarily due to chewing of betel plant derivatives. Concomitant administration of the chemotherapeutic agent (Cisplatin/Paclitaxel) is the treatment of choice. Analysis of the oral mycobiome of OSCC patients has projected the role of Candida albicans in potentiating OSCC. Hence, repurposing antifungal drugs emerges as a promising approach, as these drugs could target both the cancer cells and the infection. Cancer cells often have heightened energy requirements, and targeting mitochondrial proteins to disrupt mitochondrial division and induce dysfunction contributing to cell death, offers a method for treating OSCC. We identified 18 mitochondrial targets playing a crucial role in the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis. They were docked against 125 antifungal ligand molecules sourced from PUBCHEM. Ligand profiling was performed using Lipinski's rule of 5, SwissADME and ProTox. Also, molecular dynamics and MM-PBSA were performed to validate our results. Among all protein ligand interactions, we observed that targeting DRP1 with itraconazole yielded superior binding and stability. Overall, lower toxicity and thumping ADME properties solidified the choice of ligand. We hope this experimental approach will enable us to provide a basis for selecting a lead molecule for a possible novel nano-formulation and validate our finding through in-vitro cell line-based testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Suresh P K
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, SBST, VIT, Vellore
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28
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Shaik MR, Ramasamy M, Jain D, Muthu K, Marunganathan V, Manivannan C, Hussain SA, Deepak P, Thiyagarajulu N, Guru A, Venkatesan D. Synergistic Action of Rutin-Coated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Targeting Biofilm Formation Receptors of Dental Pathogens and Modulating Apoptosis Genes for Enhanced Oral Anticancer Activity. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e70030. [PMID: 39470147 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.70030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Revised: 10/09/2024] [Accepted: 10/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/30/2024]
Abstract
Oral diseases are often associated with bacterial and fungal pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans. This research explored a novel approach to addressing these pathogens by synthesizing zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) coated with rutin (RT), a plant-derived compound. The synthesized ZnO-RT NPs were comprehensively characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, SEM, and EDAX techniques to confirm their structural composition. The antioxidant potential was assessed through free radical scavenging assays. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity of ZnO-RT NPs was evaluated using a zone of inhibition assay against oral pathogens. Molecular docking studies with the Autodock tool were performed to elucidate the interactions between RT and the receptors of oral pathogens. The findings demonstrated that ZnO-RT NPs exhibited robust free radical scavenging activity. Furthermore, they showed significant antimicrobial activity with a minimal inhibitory concentration of 40 μg/mL against oral pathogens. ZnO-RT NPs also displayed dose-dependent anticancer effects on human oral cancer cells at concentrations of 10, 20, 40, and 80 μg/mL. Mechanistic insights into the anticancer activity on KB cells revealed the upregulation of apoptotic genes. This study underscores the promising potential of ZnO-RT NPs for dental applications due to their strong antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial properties. These nanoparticles offer a hopeful prospect for addressing oral pathogen challenges and enhancing overall oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Rafi Shaik
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohankumar Ramasamy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Divya Jain
- Department of Microbiology, School of Applied & Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kesavan Muthu
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vanitha Marunganathan
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Chandrakumar Manivannan
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shaik Althaf Hussain
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paramasivam Deepak
- Department of Life sciences, Kristu Jayanti College (Autonomous) K. Narayanapura, Kothanur, Bengaluru, India
| | - Nathiya Thiyagarajulu
- Department of Life sciences, Kristu Jayanti College (Autonomous) K. Narayanapura, Kothanur, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Dhivya Venkatesan
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, India
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29
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M M M, Shetty P, Yajamanam N, Neralakatte SA, Hegde P, Shetty N, Ali M, A K, Kshatriya M. Evaluate the Role of Phosphodiesterase, Myeloperoxidase and Iron in Oral Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2024; 25:3921-3926. [PMID: 39611916 PMCID: PMC11996127 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2024.25.11.3921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 11/14/2024] [Indexed: 11/30/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to estimate the levels of phosphodiesterase (PDE), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and iron levels in patients with oral cancer. METHOD 50 patients reporting to the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology A.B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Deralakatte, Mangalore were recruited for the study after taking informed consent. The study group consists of 50 control groups with no complications and 50 oral cancer patients. A 5 ml venous Blood sample was taken, centrifuged and serum was collected for subsequent analysis. 50 normal control samples were also collected for comparison purposes. PDE, MPO and iron levels were estimated. RESULTS PDE levels were significantly elevated in the case group compared to the control. MPO and iron levels were significantly reduced in the case group compared to the control. CONCLUSION Immunological and biochemical assessment of oral precancer and cancer patients may help in earlier diagnosis and/or prognosis of these lesions. This may also serve in predicting the malignant potential of the pre-malignant lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhura M M
- Assistant Professor, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, B G Nagar Mandya, India.
| | - Pushparaj Shetty
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to be University), India.
| | - Naresh Yajamanam
- Department of Biochemistry, Santhiram Medical College, Nandyal, India.
| | - Shwetha A Neralakatte
- Assistant Professor, Community Medicine, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, B G Nagar Mandya, India.
| | - Preethi Hegde
- Assistant Professor, Department of Physiology, KS Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), India.
| | - Nireeksha Shetty
- Assistant Professor, Conservative and Endodontics, AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to be University), India.
| | - Mehaboob Ali
- Varadaraja Institute of Allied Health Sciences, Tumkur, India.
| | - Kundubai A
- Research Scholar, Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
| | - Mamatha Kshatriya
- Shreedevi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Tumkur, India.
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30
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N NN, Mohanty S, Das SN, Rath R, Narayanan SP. Prognostic Significance of Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 Expression in Tobacco Associated Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Immunohistochemical Based Cross-Sectional Study. J Oral Pathol Med 2024; 53:648-656. [PMID: 39376042 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advancements in immuno-oncology have dramatically transformed cancer treatment. Immunotherapy, targeting immune check point proteins, notably Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and its receptor Programmed Cell Death-1 (PD-1) which modulate the activity of immune response in Head and Neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), is an area of much research. The immunohistochemical expression of PD-L1 in cancer cells has been proposed as a predictive biomarker for selecting candidates for immunotherapy. Thus, the present study was undertaken to study the expression of PD-L1 in the primary tumour cells and evaluate its correlation with various clinicopathological parameters and prognosis in tobacco associated oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). METHODS Expression of PD-L1 was investigated in 75 surgically resected cases of OSCC by immunohistochemistry and its association with different clinicopathological features and prognosis was analysed. RESULTS PD-L1 protein was detected in 68% (51 cases) of cases. Tumour stage (p = 0.04), lymph node (LN) metastasis (p < 0.01) and moderate to marked tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) (p < 0.05), significantly correlated with the PD-L1 expression in the primary tumour. PD-L1 expression did not show a significant association with overall survival (OS) rate, however, patients with positive PD-L1 expression showed a poorer survival rate. Patients exhibiting nodal positivity had the worst prognosis (p < 0.005). CONCLUSION These data demonstrated a significant association of ≥ 5% PD-L1 expression in the primary tumour and the presence of LN metastasis, moderate to marked TILs and advancing tumour stage, thus, making it a plausible immunotherapeutic target molecule in OSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga Naveena N
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, SCB Govt. Dental College and Hospital, Cuttack, India
| | - Sweta Mohanty
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan, Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Surya Narayan Das
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, SCB Govt. Dental College and Hospital, Cuttack, India
| | - Rachna Rath
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, SCB Govt. Dental College and Hospital, Cuttack, India
| | - Sri Priya Narayanan
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, SCB Govt. Dental College & Hospital, Cuttack, India
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31
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Aadithi MG, Divya B, Nandhini G, Rajkumar K, Ramesh Kumar A, Sarangarajan R. Evaluation of ABCB5 immunostained epithelial stem cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma, inflammatory gingival hyperplasia and normal mucosa. Biotech Histochem 2024; 99:44-48. [PMID: 38073314 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2023.2292062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is the most prevalent head and neck cancer. Although tumor markers have been investigated for detecting the progression and prognosis of oral cancer, no reliable marker has been identified. We investigated the expression of ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 5 (ABCB5) positive stem cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and in inflammatory gingival hyperplasia. We used tissue samples from normal subjects, patients with inflammatory gingival hyperplasia, and patients with OSCC. Samples were investigated using anti-ABCB5 monoclonal antibody immunohistochemistry to detect epithelial stem cells. Staining density, intensity, and immunoreactive scores of ABCB5 were analyzed for the three study groups. We found ABCB5 immunostaining in all three study groups, but different distributions of ABCB5 expression in different layers of the epithelium. We found no significant difference in staining intensity between inflammatory hyperplasia and normal mucosa, but we found significantly stronger expression in OSCC compared to normal and inflammatory hyperplasia individually. Elevated expression of ABCB5 in OSCC suggests an increased subpopulation of tumor cells with an undifferentiated stem cell phenotype, which facilitates cancer initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Aadithi
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial (SRM) Dental College, Chennai, India
| | - Bose Divya
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial (SRM) Dental College, Chennai, India
| | - G Nandhini
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial (SRM) Dental College, Chennai, India
| | - Krishnan Rajkumar
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial (SRM) Dental College, Chennai, India
| | - A Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial (SRM) Dental College, Chennai, India
| | - R Sarangarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Madha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
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32
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Bansal D, Bansal RK, Dora TK, Bansal M, Garg R, Kaur M. Impact of gamma radiation on marginal adaptation of nanohybrid composite and composition of dental hard tissues - Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis: An in vitro pilot study. JOURNAL OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS 2024; 27:1114-1119. [PMID: 39777383 PMCID: PMC11702885 DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_410_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025]
Abstract
Aims This pilot study aimed to compare the marginal adaptation of composite resin at the tooth-restoration interface, before and after radiation. Subjects and Methods Fifteen extracted premolars were divided into 2 experimental groups (based on the timing of irradiation) and 1 control group of 5 teeth each. In Group I (control group), teeth were restored but not exposed to radiation at any stage, Group II: teeth were irradiated before cavity preparation and restoration, and Group III: after cavity preparation and restoration employing selective etch technique, teeth were exposed to radiation. The samples were then sectioned buccolingually to analyze the extent of the marginal gap under scanning electron microscopy and compositional alteration of dental hard tissues by X-ray diffraction study. The data collected were analyzed statistically. Statistical Analysis Used The statistical software used was IBM SPSS version 23 New York, USA, and analysis was done using two-way ANOVA followed by Turkey's post hoc test, this difference in the mean marginal gap between all three groups was nonsignificant (P ≥ 0.05). Results In the control group (Group I), a minimum gap (4.203 µm ± 0.533) was observed at the tooth-restoration interface, indicating the highest level of adaptation as compared to Group II (5.816 µm ± 0.762) and Group III (4.862 µm ± 1.018). This suggests that radiation adversely affected the bonding between composite materials and both enamel and dentin, attributed to the alterations induced by radiotherapy in the chemical, physical, and morphological properties of both tooth structure and composite resin. Conclusions Ionizing radiations adversely affect the bonding between enamel, dentin, and composite resin. Hence, restorative procedures should be performed before undergoing radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolphi Bansal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guru Nanak Dev Dental College and Research Institute, Sangrur, Punjab, India
| | - Rajinder Kumar Bansal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guru Nanak Dev Dental College and Research Institute, Sangrur, Punjab, India
| | - Tapas Kumar Dora
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Sangrur, Punjab, India
| | - Manu Bansal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guru Nanak Dev Dental College and Research Institute, Sangrur, Punjab, India
| | - Reeshu Garg
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guru Nanak Dev Dental College and Research Institute, Sangrur, Punjab, India
| | - Manmeet Kaur
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guru Nanak Dev Dental College and Research Institute, Sangrur, Punjab, India
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Yuktha A, Bandari SC, Fathima SJ, Selvaraj J, Veeraraghavan VP, Dasari AK, Patil SR. Determinants of Diagnostic Delays in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Insights from Demographic and Socio-Economic Factors. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2024; 25:3997-4003. [PMID: 39611924 PMCID: PMC11996123 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2024.25.11.3997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 11/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent malignancy with high morbidity and mortality rates. Timely diagnosis is critical for improving patient outcomes; however, diagnostic delays remain a concern. Understanding the factors that contribute to these delays is essential for developing effective interventions. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical determinants of diagnostic delay in patients with OSCC. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 226 patients with OSCC. Demographic data, including age, sex, marital status, education, and monthly household income, were collected. The time from symptom onset to definitive diagnosis was recorded. Stratified analysis and chi-square tests were conducted to assess the association between demographic and socioeconomic factors and diagnostic delays. RESULTS The mean diagnostic delay was 55.2 days, with 61.9% of the patients experiencing delays exceeding 40 days. Older age (>50 years), single marital status, lower educational level, and lower monthly income were associated with longer diagnostic delays (p < 0.05). Delays in biopsy sample collection also correlated with increased diagnostic delay (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Demographic and socioeconomic factors significantly influence diagnostic delays in patients with OSCC. Targeted interventions to address these disparities are crucial for improving early detection and enhancing patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameersheti Yuktha
- Department of Orthodontics, SVS Institute of Dental Sciences, Mahabubnagar, Telangana, India.
| | | | - Shazia J.H Fathima
- cCOMManD, Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Velappanchavadi, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Jayaraman Selvaraj
- cCOMManD, Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Velappanchavadi, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Arun Kumar Dasari
- Department of Orthodontics, SVS Institute of Dental Sciences, Mahabubnagar, Telangana, India.
| | - Santosh R Patil
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Chhattisgarh Dental College and Research Institute, Chhattisgarh, India.
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Bellala RS, Chittineedi P, Llaguno SNS, Mosquera JAN, Mohiddin GJ, Pandrangi SL. Down-Regulation of Cysteine-Glutamate Antiporter in ALDH1A1 Expressing Oral and Breast Cancer Stem Cells Induced Oxidative Stress-Triggered Ferroptosis. J Cancer 2024; 15:6160-6176. [PMID: 39513121 PMCID: PMC11540493 DOI: 10.7150/jca.89429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 11/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Sulfasalazine, an xCT inhibitor, is being used as a repurposed antineoplastic drug to induce ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is a regulated necrotic cell death pathway that is dependent on iron reserves. Interestingly, cancer stem cells (CSCs) that are regarded as major drivers of resistance to conventional therapies accompanied with tumor relapse and recurrence have bulk amount of iron reserves in the form of ferritin. This suggests that inducing ferroptosis might disrupt stemness and drug-resistant mechanisms in cancer stem cells, thereby reducing the risk of drug-resistance, cancer recurrence, and relapse. Materials & Methods: In the present study, ALDH1A1 expressing oral (OCSCs) and breast (BCSCs) cancer stem cells were sorted and used to investigate the role of sulfasalazine to induce ferroptosis. To check the self-renewability of CSCs spheroid formation, assay was performed and the resultant CSCs were treated with sulfasalazine (SAS) and subjected to gene expression analysis RT-PCR and flow cytometry. FACS was performed to check stem cell marker expression, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. Results: Our results suggest that the cells showed a gradual increase in sphere formation till S3 in the case of OCSCs and S2 in the case of BCSCs, with a gradual decrease in sphere-forming efficiency from the respective generations. When treated with 0.6mM SAS, these cells induced ferroptosis by downregulating stem cell markers like ALDH1A1, SLC7A11, ferritin, and GPx-4 with a concomitant increase in transferrin and STEAP-3. Flow cytometry studies revealed that the cells have undergone mitochondrial dysfunction characterized by loss of membrane potential and the cell cycle progression was halted in the G2/M phase. Conclusion: In the present study, we demonstrate that SAS potentially induced ferroptosis accompanied with oxidative stress in both OCSCs as well as BCSCs by lowering GPx-4 activity, a key enzyme that scavenges the products produced as a result of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Shankar Bellala
- Onco-Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Dept of Life Sciences, School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to Be) University, Visakhapatnam-530045, India
| | - Prasanthi Chittineedi
- Onco-Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Dept of Life Sciences, School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to Be) University, Visakhapatnam-530045, India
| | - Sungey Naynee Sánchez Llaguno
- Department Of Life Sciences and Agriculture, Armed Forces University-Espe, Santo Domingo 230101, Ecuador, South America
| | - Juan Alejandro Neira Mosquera
- Department Of Life Sciences and Agriculture, Armed Forces University-Espe, Santo Domingo 230101, Ecuador, South America
| | - Gooty Jaffer Mohiddin
- Department Of Life Sciences and Agriculture, Armed Forces University-Espe, Santo Domingo 230101, Ecuador, South America
| | - Santhi Latha Pandrangi
- Onco-Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Dept of Life Sciences, School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to Be) University, Visakhapatnam-530045, India
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Karekar HJ, Dafe T, Gandole SS. Post-surgery Physical Rehabilitation for Gingivobuccal Sulcus: A Case Report. Cureus 2024; 16:e72197. [PMID: 39583520 PMCID: PMC11584242 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.72197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 10/22/2024] [Indexed: 11/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The gingivobuccal sulcus, an anatomical term, refers to the area where the gums (gingiva) meet the inside of the cheek (buccal mucosa). It is the groove or fold that forms between the upper or lower gums and the inner surface of the cheek. This area allows movement between the gums and cheeks while talking, eating, or moving the mouth. The gingivobuccal sulcus is a critical anatomical area within the oral cavity that can be affected by various conditions, including oral cancer, leading to significant functional impairment. Surgical intervention in this region, often necessary for tumor resection or trauma repair, can result in challenges related to speech, mastication, and oral hygiene. In order to recover these capabilities and enhance the patient's quality of life, post-surgical rehabilitation is essential. The 43-year-old patient whose main complaints in this article include pain, discomfort, swelling, and trouble chewing had a segmental mandibulectomy during the procedure. Following surgery, physical therapy's primary goals were to relieve pain and restore vital functions. A multidisciplinary strategy is used in this procedure, combining the knowledge of physiotherapists, rehabilitation specialists, and surgeons. The goal was to increase the movement of the jaw, the tongue, and the neck and the swallowing process. The physiotherapy regimens facilitated the patient's recuperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrutuja J Karekar
- Department of Community Health Physiotherapy, Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Tejaswini Dafe
- Department of Community Health Physiotherapy, Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sakshi S Gandole
- Department of Community Health Physiotherapy, Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Mathunny MMS, Sivakumar R, Padmakumar SK. A comparative analysis of the burden of lip and oral cavity cancers in the Indian subcontinent. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2024; 28:565-569. [PMID: 39949697 PMCID: PMC11819645 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_109_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 10/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lip and oral cavity cancers are among the top 10 cancer causes and mortality globally. Some countries in the Indian subcontinent bear a disproportionately higher burden of lip and oral cavity cancers. Detailed analysis of lip and oral cavity cancers in the Indian subcontinent using all available data is important for effective policy planning. This paper aims to summarise the total burden of lip and oral cavity cancer and compare it across countries within the Indian subcontinent. Materials and Methods Data from the Global Cancer Observatory (GCO) and Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study were extracted to analyse cancer incidence, prevalence, mortality and cancer risk before reaching 74 years. Furthermore, summary estimates of years of life lost (YLL), years lived with disability (YLDs) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to lip and oral cavity cancers were extracted from the GBD database. The data of individual countries within the Indian subcontinent were used for comparison. Results The estimated number of deaths from lip and oral cavity cancers for 2019 was 90732 in the Indian subcontinent. The Indian subcontinent accounted for 45.3% of the deaths attributable to lip and oral cavity cancers. The incidence of lip and oral cavity cancers in the Indian subcontinent ranged from 3.18 per 100,000 population in Maldives to 12.76 per 100,000 population in Pakistan. The incidence rate of lip and oral cavity cancer in India was 7.54 per 100,000 population. However, due to the population size, India accounted for 104837 incident cases of lip and oral cavity cancers annually. The estimated number of prevalent and incident cases of lip and oral cavity cancers from the Indian subcontinent in 2019 was 0.46 million (30% of overall cases globally) and 0.15 million (39% of incident cases globally), respectively. The Indian subcontinent also accounted for 50% of the DALYs attributable to lip and oral cavity cancers worldwide. Discussion and Conclusion The Indian subcontinent accounts for disproportionately higher cases and deaths due to lip and oral cavity cancers than other regions. It calls for urgent policy action to prevent the disease spread, early diagnosis and optimal management of lip and oral cavity cancers in the Indian subcontinent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramakrishnan Sivakumar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Government Dental College, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
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Al-Hakami HA, Al-Talhi AA, AlRajhi B, Alghamdi AE, Aloufi NM, Raffah ZE, Alshareef MA, Al-Garni M. Clinicopathological Characteristics, Prognostic Factors, and Treatment Outcomes of Patients with Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treated with Glossectomy: A Tertiary Oncology Center Experience. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 76:3845-3853. [PMID: 39376350 PMCID: PMC11455757 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-024-04720-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral tongue squamous cell cancer (OTSCC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide and incidence increases with age. An alarming increase in the incidence of OTSCC in the younger age group. This study aimed to explore clinical and histopathological characteristics, survival, and other post-surgical outcomes in patients with OTSCC treated with glossectomy through the Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery at the Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA) within our study period. This is a retrospective study carried out through the collection and analysis of data from medical charts of 56 patients with oral tongue cancer who were treated by glossectomy. Treatment was initiated from January 2010 to December 2021. Patient characteristics, tumor characteristics, treatment modality, failure patterns, and survival rates were collected and analyzed. At diagnosis, 62.5% were tobacco smokers, 46.8% had poor dental hygiene, and 76.8% had ulcerative lesions. Furthermore, 33 cases presented with early-stage clinical disease and 23 cases with advanced stage. The median follow-up was 54 months, 28 patients (50%) were free for 3-5 years. Patients who were free on 5-year follow-up had a significantly higher percentage of negative lymphovascular and perineural invasion (p < 0.05). Additionally, 12 patients (21.4%) had developed recurrence. Mortality in all cases was 30.3, but mortality-related cancer was 19.6%. Locoregional failure remains the main cause of treatment failure in resectable OTSCC. Pathological T-stage, N-stage, LVI, PNI, ECE, and LNR are all considered strong prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi A. Al-Hakami
- Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of the National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, KSA Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Bassam AlRajhi
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah international Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman E. Alghamdi
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah international Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif M. Aloufi
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah international Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zyad E. Raffah
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah international Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A. Alshareef
- Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of the National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, KSA Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Garni
- Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of the National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, KSA Saudi Arabia
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Jain S, Dhall K, Brar GS, Gupta S, Jain K, Garg N, Sood S, Aggarwal R, Sidhu M. Outcome of Upfront Surgically Resected Patients of Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Factors Affecting it: Experience from Tertiary Care Facility in North India. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 76:4479-4486. [PMID: 39376364 PMCID: PMC11456031 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-024-04889-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) is the most aggressive subsite among oral cancers. The poor survival rate has been primarily attributed to high loco-regional recurrence. Two recent developments viz. incorporation depth of invasion (DOI) in American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM 8th edition and elective neck dissection in clinically negative neck have potential to improve survival. We in our study have tried to look at overall survival and factors affecting patients of only OTSCC. 144 patients of OTSCC operated upfront between July 2017 and December 2023 were included in our study. Selective neck dissection was done in all patients with clinically negative neck. T staging was done using both AJCC TNM 7th and 8th edition. Primary objective of the study was to determine the overall survival and factors affecting it. The secondary objectives were to determine the disease-free survival and to look at the effect of forementioned new developments in patients in OTSCC. Mean overall survival and disease-free survival in our study cohort was 48.8 months and 48.3 months respectively in follow up period ranging from 2 months to 75 months. DOI > 10 millimetres and involved margins were factors significantly associated with survival on multivariate analysis. Lymph node metastasis was detected in 32(35.2%) patients out of 91 patients with clinically negative neck and 31(21.6%) of patients were upstaged from T1/T2 in AJCC TNM 7th to T3/T4 according to AJCC TNM 8th edition. The 5-years overall survival of our patients was about 54% with nearly half of our patients presenting in stage III and stage IV. There is need to create awareness in general population as the impact of the new changes will only be seen if patients present at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Jain
- Department of Surgical Oncology, DMCH Cancer care centre, Civil lines, DMC Road, Tagore Nagar, Ludhiana, Punjab 141001 India
| | - Kunal Dhall
- Department of Surgical Oncology, DMCH Cancer care centre, Civil lines, DMC Road, Tagore Nagar, Ludhiana, Punjab 141001 India
| | - Gurpreet Singh Brar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, DMCH Cancer care centre, Civil lines, DMC Road, Tagore Nagar, Ludhiana, Punjab 141001 India
| | - Sumit Gupta
- Department of Surgical Oncology, DMCH Cancer care centre, Civil lines, DMC Road, Tagore Nagar, Ludhiana, Punjab 141001 India
| | - Kunal Jain
- Department of Medical Oncology, DMCH Cancer Centre, Ludhiana, India
| | - Nitish Garg
- Department of Medical Oncology, DMCH Cancer Centre, Ludhiana, India
| | - Sandhya Sood
- Department of Radiation Oncology, DMCH Cancer Centre, Ludhiana, India
| | - Ritu Aggarwal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, DMCH Cancer Centre, Ludhiana, India
| | - Manjinder Sidhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, DMCH Cancer Centre, Ludhiana, India
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Ayyagari KR, Kumari NR, Bolem P, Komanapalli SK, Majumdar S, Peela P. Prevalence of Oral Lesions in Relation to Tobacco and Alcohol Habits Using VELscope - A Retrospective Study. Indian J Dent Res 2024; 35:412-416. [PMID: 40028940 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_514_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 10/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco consumption, in its various forms, is a primary cause of significant health conditions such as oral premalignant disorders and oral cavity carcinoma. This study investigates the current prevalence of oral lesions in the region, utilizing modern techniques to analyze the impact of tobacco on oral health. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To evaluate the prevalence of oral lesions associated with tobacco and alcohol use, employing VELscope technology for assessment, and to evaluate the benefits of this recent technology in the assessment process. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with a history of tobacco and alcohol use were included based on specific criteria. The study documented oral manifestations, chief complaints, VELscope findings, and histopathological diagnoses, and correlated these data. Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 21, with descriptive statistics (percentages, mean, and standard deviation) and categorical data comparisons (Chi-square test). A significance level of P ≤ 0.05 was used. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The study found a notable shift from smoked to smokeless tobacco, predominantly affecting younger individuals. This highlights the need for targeted tobacco cessation efforts at the grassroots level. While VELscope can aid in diagnosis, it should not replace histopathological evaluation entirely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kameswara Rao Ayyagari
- Department of Dental Surgery, Government Medical College, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - N Ratna Kumari
- Department of Opthalmology, Government Medical College, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Padmavathi Bolem
- Department of General Medicine, Government Medical College, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Sumit Majumdar
- Department of Oral Pathology, GITAM Dental College and Hospital, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Parameswar Peela
- Department of Oral Pathology, Anil Neerukonda Institute of Dental Sciences, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Dineshkumar T, Anandan N, Rajkumar K, Nandhakumar I. Immunomodulatory effects of Triphala and its constituents in oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral precancer. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2024; 28:657-664. [PMID: 39949672 PMCID: PMC11819626 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_53_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 09/30/2024] [Accepted: 11/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma shows increased occurrence in those who consume tobacco products, alcohol, betel quid, and areca nut, and is also considered to occur due to genetic alteration. Though there are numerous advancements in treatment, survival remains a question with late diagnosis. Hence, there are continuous inventions of new drugs. The introduction of Ayurveda in the therapy has paved the way for the longevity of the patients affected. One such introduction is the use of Triphala. The current study aims to review the anti-oxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-microbial, and apoptotic action of Triphala and thus evaluate the anti-cancer action of Triphala. A literature search was done, in various electronic databases and the data were extracted according to the predefined criteria. Original studies of 19 reports were included in the analysis. Nineteen (six studies with Triphala combination) In vitro/In vivo studies were included in this systematic review. The included study showed that Triphala effectively modulates the immune system. The effects included were anti-oxidative, immune modulation, anti-proliferative, tumor suppression, apoptotic effect, reversal of precancerous lesion, and anti-microbial action. The analyses also showed that there is no side effect of Triphala up to the recommended dosage. Triphala, is a nourishing supplement that is well-known in Ayurveda for its capacity to restore healthy tissues and promote aging gracefully through its properties such as anti-oxidant, ant-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic apoptotic, and immune-modulatory properties. Hence, Triphala can be a promising drug in the prevention and treatment of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thayalan Dineshkumar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, SRM Dental College, Bharathi Salai, Ramapuram Campus, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Nirmala Anandan
- Department of Biochemistry, SRM Dental College, Bharathi Salai, Ramapuram Campus, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Krishnan Rajkumar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, SRM Dental College, Bharathi Salai, Ramapuram Campus, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Indumathi Nandhakumar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, SRM Dental College, Bharathi Salai, Ramapuram Campus, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
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Balapure A, Dubey SK, Javed A, Chattopadhyay S, Goel S. A review: early detection of oral cancer biomarkers using microfluidic colorimetric point-of-care devices. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:6098-6118. [PMID: 39206589 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay01030b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of head and neck cancers. OSCC constitutes 90% of the head and neck malignancies. The delayed identification of oral cancer is the primary cause of ineffective medical treatment. To address this issue, low-cost, reliable point-of-care devices that can be utilized for large-scale screening, even in low-resource settings, including rural areas and primary healthcare centers, are of great interest. Herein, a comprehensive analysis of numerous salivary biomarkers that exhibit significant variations in concentration between individuals with oral cancer and those without is given. Furthermore, the article explores several point-of-care devices that exhibit potential in the realm of oral cancer detection. The biomarkers are discussed with a focus on their structural characteristics and role in oral cancer progression. The devices based on colorimetry and microfluidics are discussed in detail, considering their compliance with the 'REASSURED' criteria given by the World Health Organization (WHO) and suitability for mass screening in low-resource settings. Finally, the discourse revolves around the fundamental aspects pertaining to the advancement of multiplex, cost-effective point-of-care devices designed for widespread screening purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniket Balapure
- MEMS, Microfluidics and Nanoelectronics (MMNE) Lab, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Medchal District, 500 078, Telangana, India.
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Medchal District, 500 078, Telangana, India
| | - Satish Kumar Dubey
- MEMS, Microfluidics and Nanoelectronics (MMNE) Lab, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Medchal District, 500 078, Telangana, India.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Medchal District, 500 078, Telangana, India
| | - Arshad Javed
- MEMS, Microfluidics and Nanoelectronics (MMNE) Lab, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Medchal District, 500 078, Telangana, India.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Medchal District, 500 078, Telangana, India
| | - Samit Chattopadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus, NH-17B, Zuarinagar, Goa 403726, India
| | - Sanket Goel
- MEMS, Microfluidics and Nanoelectronics (MMNE) Lab, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Medchal District, 500 078, Telangana, India.
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Medchal District, 500 078, Telangana, India
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Soni U, Singh A, Soni R, Samanta SK, Varadwaj PK, Misra K. Identification of candidate target genes of oral squamous cell carcinoma using high-throughput RNA-Seq data and in silico studies of their interaction with naturally occurring bioactive compounds. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:8024-8044. [PMID: 37526306 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2242515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for more than 90% of all kinds of oral neoplasms that develop in the oral cavity. It is a type of malignancy that shows high morbidity and recurrence rate, but data on the disease's target genes and biomarkers is still insufficient. In this study, in silico studies have been performed to find out the novel target genes and their potential therapeutic inhibitors for the effective and efficient treatment of OSCC. The DESeq2 package of RStudio was used in the current investigation to screen and identify differentially expressed genes for OSCC. As a result of gene expression analysis, the top 10 novel genes were identified using the Cytohubba plugin of Cytoscape, and among them, the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (UBE2D1) was found to be upregulated and playing a significant role in the progression of human oral cancers. Following this, naturally occurring compounds were virtually evaluated and simulated against the discovered novel target as prospective drugs utilizing the Maestro, Schrodinger, and Gromacs software. In a simulated screening of naturally occurring potential inhibitors against the novel target UBE2D1, Epigallocatechin 3-gallate, Quercetin, Luteoline, Curcumin, and Baicalein were identified as potent inhibitors. Novel identified gene UBE2D1 has a significant role in the proliferation of human cancers through suppression of 'guardian of genome' p53 via ubiquitination dependent pathway. Therefore, the treatment of OSCC may benefit significantly from targeting this gene and its discovered naturally occurring inhibitors.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unnati Soni
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Prayagraj, India
| | - Anirudh Singh
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Prayagraj, India
| | - Ramendra Soni
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, India
| | - Sintu Kumar Samanta
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Prayagraj, India
| | - Pritish Kumar Varadwaj
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Prayagraj, India
| | - Krishna Misra
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Prayagraj, India
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Wakhloo T, Durgapal P, Chowdhury N, Reddy S, Chug A, Kishore S. Differences in the Expression of Autophagy Markers Microtubule-Associated Protein Light Chains 3A and 3B in Oral Premalignant Lesions and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e68994. [PMID: 39385905 PMCID: PMC11463196 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.68994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Microtubule-associated protein light chains (LC) 3A and 3B are the structural proteins of the autophagosomal membrane widely used as endogenous autophagy markers. LC3A and LC3B autophagosomes reportedly have a distinct subcellular localization yet their role in the transition from premalignant to malignant phase remains unclear. This exploratory study aimed to investigate the expression of autophagy-related proteins LC3A and LC3B in oral premalignant lesions (OPL) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cases. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 OPL and 39 OSCC samples. OPL samples comprised both dysplastic and non-dysplastic lesions. The expression of LC3A and LC3B markers was evaluated in the study samples using immunohistochemistry and associated with dysplasia in OPL and with invasive OSCC versus OPL. Fisher's exact test was used for statistical analysis. Results There was a higher ratio of LC3A positivity in non-dysplastic OPL (31/38) compared to dysplastic premalignant lesions (36/62, p=0.017). There was a higher ratio of LC3B positivity in dysplastic OPL (16/62) compared to non-dysplastic lesions (4/38) with a trend towards statistical significance (p=0.075). There was no statistical difference in the ratio of LC3A positivity between OSCC (23/39) and premalignant (67/100) lesions, while the ratio of LC3B marker positivity was higher in OSCC cases (18/39) relative to premalignant lesions (20/100, p=0.003). Conclusion Autophagy-related proteins LC3A and LC3B may have different roles to play in a disease context manner. LC3A is likely to be negatively associated with dysplasia in OPL while LC3B expression is positively associated with carcinogenesis of OSCC, possibly including dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulika Wakhloo
- Dentistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Prashant Durgapal
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Nilotpal Chowdhury
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Srinivas Reddy
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, GSR Institute of Craniomaxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Hyderabad, IND
| | - Ashi Chug
- Dentistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Sanjeev Kishore
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
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Yumnam G, Devi RS, Singh CI. Mapping the landscape of oral cancer research trends: a systematic scientometric review of global efforts. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2024; 28:1077-1093. [PMID: 38664290 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-024-01253-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary goal of this study was to assess the growth, most influential articles, countries, journals, authors, and papers published in the field of global oral cancer. Research articles on oral cancer, published between 1989 and 2022, were identified through the Web of Science database to achieve this. METHODS A comprehensive dataset comprising 7,178 documents was meticulously extracted from the Web of Science, forming the basis for scientometric analysis. A refined subset of 4,901 documents was judiciously selected following a rigorous screening process for meticulous, in-depth analysis. RESULTS The field has witnessed a remarkable publication surge, with the United States taking the lead in productivity. The journal Oral Oncology has become the foremost publication, renowned for its prolific output and widespread citation. This trend highlights the growing importance and interest in this domain, with researchers and experts worldwide contributing to the expanding body of knowledge. The United States' dominance in productivity suggests its strong commitment to advancing research in the field, while Oral Oncology's recognition underscores its influential role in disseminating cutting-edge findings and fostering scientific progress. CONCLUSION This scientometric analysis is a valuable resource for researchers, funding agencies, industry, and institutions, offering guidance and insights. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER Not Applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyanajeet Yumnam
- Department of Library and Information Science, Manipur University, Imphal, India
| | - Rajkumari Sofia Devi
- Department of Library and Information Science, Manipur University, Imphal, India
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Arivalagan N, Ramakrishnan A, Sindya J, Rajanathadurai J, Perumal E. Capsaicin Promotes Apoptosis and Inhibits Cell Migration via the Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNFα) and Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NFκB) Signaling Pathway in Oral Cancer Cells. Cureus 2024; 16:e69839. [PMID: 39435241 PMCID: PMC11492975 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.69839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/21/2024] [Indexed: 10/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a highly prevalent cancer worldwide. Microbial infections, poor oral hygiene, and chronic viral infections such as human papillomavirus (HPV) contribute to its incidence. Capsaicin, known for its presence in chili peppers, has demonstrated potential antiproliferative effects in cancer cells. It operates by inducing programmed cell death, regulating the expression of transcription factors, halting cell cycle progression, and influencing growth signal transduction pathways. These findings suggest capsaicin's promising role as a candidate for further exploration in combating oral cancer. Aim This study intends to identify and evaluate the anticancer properties of capsaicin on oral cancer cells through in vitro investigations. Methodology Using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) technique, the cell viability of oral cancer cells treated with capsaicin was evaluated. Capsaicin was applied to the KB1 cells in a range of concentrations (25-150 µg/mL) over 24 hours. The morphological alterations of the cells were assessed using a phase contrast microscope. Nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) were subjected to quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) gene expression analysis. To investigate nuclear morphological changes, oral cancer cells were stained with acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EtBr). The apoptotic nuclei were visualized using a fluorescent microscope. A scratch wound healing test was performed to check for capsaicin's anti-migratory potential. Result In our investigation of oral cancer cells treated with capsaicin, there was a significant drop in cell viability between the control and treatment groups (p < 0.05). The inhibitory concentration (IC50) was found to be 74.4 μM/mL in oral cancer cells. Following treatment, fewer cells were present, and those that were present shriveled and exhibited cytoplasmic membrane blebbing. Under AO/EtBr staining, treated cells exhibited chromatin condensation and nuclear disintegration. Furthermore, the migration of capsaicin-treated cells was significantly lower than that of control cells. The results of gene expression analysis demonstrated a considerable downregulation of TNFα and NFκB following capsaicin administration. Conclusion The study's findings suggest that capsaicin may have anti-tumor properties in oral cancer cells. More research is desperately needed to fully understand the mechanism underlying capsaicin's anticancer potential and therapeutic applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjana Arivalagan
- Medicine, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Abinaya Ramakrishnan
- Ophthalmology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Jospin Sindya
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Jeevitha Rajanathadurai
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Elumalai Perumal
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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Kumar P, Lakhera R, Aggarwal S, Gupta S. Unlocking the Therapeutic Potential of Oral Cancer Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1809. [PMID: 39200273 PMCID: PMC11351673 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer (OC) presents a significant global health burden with rising incidence rates. Despite advancements in diagnosis and treatments, the survival rate for OC patients, particularly those with advanced or recurrent disease, remains low at approximately 20%. This poor prognosis is often due to a small population of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that are capable of self-renewal and immune evasion, playing pivotal roles in proliferation, tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance. Exosomes, which are nano-sized extracellular vesicles (EVs), have emerged as crucial mediators of cell-to-cell communication within the tumor microenvironment (TME). These vesicles carry diverse molecules such as DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, and metabolites, influencing various cellular processes. Emerging evidence suggests that CSC-derived EVs significantly promote tumor progression and metastasis and maintain the balance between CSCs and non-CSCs, which is vital for intracellular communication within the TME of oral cancer. Recent reports indicate that oral cancer stem cell-derived EVs (OCSC-EVs) influence stemness, immune evasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, tumor reoccurrence, and drug resistance. Understanding OCSC-EVs could significantly improve oral cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. In this mini-review, we explore OCSC-derived exosomes in oral cancer, examining their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers that reflect CSC characteristics, and delve into their therapeutic implications, emphasizing their roles in tumor progression and therapy resistance. However, despite their promising potential, several challenges remain, including the need to standardize isolation and characterization methods and to elucidate exosome-mediated mechanisms. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of OCSC-EVs could pave the way for innovative therapeutic strategies that have the potential to improve clinical outcomes for OC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Kumar
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Lab, Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India
| | - Rishabh Lakhera
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Lab, Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India
| | - Sadhna Aggarwal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shilpi Gupta
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Lab, Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India
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Sundaravadivelu I, Renu K, Kavitha S, Priya VV, Gayathri R, Ronsivalle V, Cicciù M, Minervini G. Elucidating hematological profile and electrolyte balance in oral cancer patients. Minerva Dent Oral Sci 2024; 73:224-229. [PMID: 38953794 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6329.24.04902-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral cancer is a serious health issue in both the developing and developed worlds, and it is one of the most common forms of cancer of the head and neck. In accordance with the 2017 World Health Organization classification, oral cancer can affect any part of the mouth, including the buccal mucosa, the front two-thirds of the tongue, the lip, the palate, the vestibule, the alveolus, the floor of the mouth, and the gingivae. Hematology and electrolyte balance have been proposed as tumor indicators and paths into cancer's genesis. Examining the patient's blood count and electrolyte levels in order to better understand their oral cancer. METHODS Electrolyte abnormalities are common in cancer patients and may be caused by the disease itself or by treatment. Hyponatremia is the most frequent electrolyte problem in cancer patients, and it is typically caused by the syndrome of improper ADH secretion. Although electrolyte problems are associated with a worse prognosis for cancer patients, timely and effective therapy has the potential to enhance both short- and long-term results and quality of life. Hematological tests on patients with oral cancer, including differential cell count, white blood cell count, and hemoglobin level. RESULTS Compared to healthy controls, oral cancer patients show statistically significant differences in a number of biochemical parameters, including electrolytes (sodium, P<0.05; potassium, P=0.89; chloride, P<0.05); differential count (neutrophils, P<0.05; basophils, P<0.05). A significant risk factor for cancer patients is an electrolyte imbalance, which has been linked to inappropriate anti-diabetic hormone release. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians will find these shifts in electrolytic level helpful in diagnosing and tracking oral cancer. Potentially malignant oral disorders and Oral squamous cell carcinoma may be better predicted using a combination of TLC, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts, as shown in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishwarya Sundaravadivelu
- Center of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Kaviyarasi Renu
- Center of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India -
| | - Sankaran Kavitha
- Center of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Veeraraghavan V Priya
- Center of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Rengasamy Gayathri
- Center of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Vincenzo Ronsivalle
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Cicciù
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Minervini
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy
- Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Shetty T, Joshi P, Talole S, Nair S, Chaturvedi P. Factors Affecting Drain Output in Oral Carcinoma. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2024; 23:966-971. [PMID: 39118914 PMCID: PMC11303612 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-024-02123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Advanced oral carcinoma surgery results in large denuded areas leading to seroma and hematoma. Closed suction drains obliterate dead space and create negative pressure on wound bed. Non-placement or early removal of drain can lead to various complications, while placement for long duration can cause surgical site infection. The study aims to evaluate factors affecting postoperative neck drain volume, guiding surgeons for decision making for time of drain removal. Methods The study comprised of 222 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma who underwent primary tumor resection and neck dissection. Demographical, clinical, and surgical details were retrospectively analyzed. Results The mean age of patients was 49.1 years. Majority of patients had advanced disease requiring extensive surgery. Patients with radical neck dissection and those reconstructed with pedicled flap had statistically significant drain volume as compared to those with selective neck dissection and free flaps, respectively. Patients with longer duration of surgery, higher blood loss, low postoperative albumin value, and complications showed increased drain volume. Mean duration of drain removal was 7 days, and all drains were removed by day 10. Discussion Advanced stage primary disease, radical and modified neck dissections, PMMC flap reconstruction, longer duration of surgery, and higher blood loss had higher drain output. Thus, patient parameters, tumor factors, and surgery factors influence drain output and hospitalization. Conclusion Diligent preoperative and perioperative assessment of various factors can aid trainee surgeons to make decisions for appropriate time for drain removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teertha Shetty
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, PS Building, ACTREC, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210 India
| | - Poonam Joshi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, PS Building, ACTREC, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210 India
| | - Sanjay Talole
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, PS Building, ACTREC, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210 India
| | - Sudhir Nair
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, PS Building, ACTREC, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210 India
| | - Pankaj Chaturvedi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, PS Building, ACTREC, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210 India
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Gupta L, Mukherji A, Pujari L, Maknikar VP, Zaidi A, Kumar A. Custom made brachytherapy applicator for squamous cell carcinoma of oral commissures. J Cancer Res Ther 2024; 20:1632-1635. [PMID: 39412935 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_434_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/18/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Primary treatment with brachytherapy for oral cancer is uncommon in large malignant lesions; however, it is preferred by radiation oncologists for initial and smaller-sized lesions in compromised anatomical locations. The purpose of this report is to introduce and discuss the fabrication of a customized brachytherapy applicator for a case of well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral commissures using a radiotherapy thermoplastic mold (RTM). The RTM was molded into the shape of tongs and two acrylic wings were attached to these customized tongs to secure five high-dose radiotherapy catheter tubes. A mouth-stabilizing stent was used to stabilize the oral cavity throughout the brachytherapy process. A total dose of 45.5 Gy was delivered in 13 fractions to the lesion using a Cobalt-60 source over 35 days. At the end of the brachytherapy treatment and a follow-up period of 3 months, the patient responded well, and complete remission of the lesion was observed. The current brachytherapy applicator technique is a simple, viable, and curative option for patients with lesions in difficult -to- access anatomic locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokendra Gupta
- Departments of Dental and Prosthetics Surgery, Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Cancer Centre (MPMMCC), Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashutosh Mukherji
- Radiation Oncology, Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Cancer Centre (MPMMCC), Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Lincoln Pujari
- Radiation Oncology, Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Cancer Centre (MPMMCC), Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ved Prakash Maknikar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vivekanand Cancer Hospital, Latur, Maharastra, India
| | - Asim Zaidi
- Departments of Dental and Prosthetics Surgery, Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Cancer Centre (MPMMCC), Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Department of Dental and Prosthetics Surgery, Dr. Bhubaneswar Borooah Cancer Institute (BBCI), Unit of Tata Memorial Center, Guwahati, Aasam, India
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Panneerselvam K, Rajkumar K, Kumar S, Mohan AM, Arockiam AS, Sugimoto M. Salivary metabolomics in early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma - a meta-analysis. Expert Rev Proteomics 2024; 21:317-332. [PMID: 39166387 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2024.2395398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents the most prevalent form of oral cancer. Potentially malignant disorders of oral mucosa exhibit an elevated propensity for malignant progression. A substantial proportion of cases are discerned during advanced stages, significantly impacting overall survival. This investigation aims to ascertain salivary metabolites with potential utility in the early detection of OSCC. METHODS A search encompassing PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Ovid, Science Direct, and Web of Science databases was conducted to identify eligible articles. The search strategy employed precise terms. The quality assessment of the included studies was executed using the QUADAS 2 ROB tool. This was registered with PROSPERO CRD42021278217. RESULTS Upon removing duplicate articles and publications that didn't satisfy the inclusion criteria, seven articles were included in the current study. The Random Effects Maximum Likelihood (REML) model adopted for quantitative synthesis identified Nacetyl glucosamine as the sole metabolite in two studies included in this metaanalysis. The pathways significantly influenced by these identified metabolites were delineated. CONCLUSION This study highlights Nacetyl glucosamine as a distinctive metabolite with the potential to serve as an early diagnostic marker for OSCC. Nevertheless, further research is warranted to validate its clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthika Panneerselvam
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Dental Sciences, Madurantagam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Rajkumar
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, SRM Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sathish Kumar
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Dental Sciences, Madurantagam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Mathan Mohan
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Dental Sciences, Madurantagam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Selva Arockiam
- Private Practioner, Mahalanobis Statistical Solutions, Virudhachalam, Tamil Nadu
| | - Masahiro Sugimoto
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
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