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Na J, Jang S, Song M, Nam S, Choi WY, Shin H, Kwon S, Baek Y. Unraveling the unique bioactivities of highly purified C-phycocyanin and allophycocyanin. J Biol Eng 2025; 19:34. [PMID: 40241106 PMCID: PMC12004856 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-025-00496-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2025] [Indexed: 04/18/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The blue-green microalgae Spirulina, used in human nutrition for centuries, includes phycobiliproteins such as C-phycocyanin (CPC) and allophycocyanin (APC). Assessing their unique bioactivities separately is difficult as they have similar properties, such as molecular weight and isoelectric point. In the present study, we aimed to separate CPC and APC and to evaluate their bioactivities. CPC and APC were separated using a hydrophobic membrane and ammonium sulfate, which promotes reversible and specific protein binding to the membrane. Spectroscopic analysis, HPLC, and SDS-PAGE revealed a successful separation of CPC and APC. Their bioactivities were evaluated through CCK- 8 assays for anticancer activity, radical scavenging assays for antioxidant activity, and albumin denaturation assays for anti-inflammatory activity, respectively. RESULTS The results revealed that highly purified APC showed 40% higher anticancer activity than the control, whereas CPC increased the viability of cancer cells, resulting in a 30% decrease in anticancer activity compared to the control. In contrast, highly purified CPC showed approximately 25% higher antioxidant activity and twice as much anti-inflammatory activity as APCs; moreover, the presence of both showed higher antioxidant activity. CONCLUSION This study provides important insights into the unique bioactivities of CPC and APC for their appropriate application as anticancer, antiphlogistic, and antioxidant agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Na
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-Ro, Michuhol-Gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Soobin Jang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-Ro, Michuhol-Gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeongkwan Song
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-Ro, Michuhol-Gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
- Industry-Academia Interactive R&E Center for Bioprocess Innovation, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - SeungEun Nam
- Green Carbon Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon-Yong Choi
- Jeju Bio Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), 2670, Iljudong-Ro, Jeju-Si, Gujwa-Eup, 63349, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwasung Shin
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-Ro, Michuhol-Gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonjo Kwon
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-Ro, Michuhol-Gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
- Industry-Academia Interactive R&E Center for Bioprocess Innovation, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngbin Baek
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-Ro, Michuhol-Gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-Ro, Michuhol-Gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
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Yalçınkaya H, Yalçın S, Ramay MS, Onbaşılar EE, Bakır B, Elibol FKE, Yalçın S, Shehata AA, Basiouni S. Evaluation of Spirulina platensis as a Feed Additive in Low-Protein Diets of Broilers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 26:24. [PMID: 39795890 PMCID: PMC11720351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2024] [Revised: 12/07/2024] [Accepted: 12/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2025] Open
Abstract
Spirulina platensis is a natural antioxidant product that has the ability to improve the performance of poultry. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of using Spirulina platensis as a feed additive in broiler diets. A total of 252 daily male Ross 308 chicks were randomly assigned to six groups. There were two different protein groups: one was at the catalog protein value, and the other was reduced by 10%. Spirulina platensis at 0, 0.1, and 0.2% was added to each protein group. The trial lasted 41 days. Reducing the protein level by 10% had a negative impact on the performance of the chicks. However, Spirulina platensis supplementation had a positive effect on the feed conversion ratio, reduced the oxidative stress index in the chicks' liver and meat, increased the total antioxidant status and antioxidant enzyme activities, improved the villus height, serum IgG, and some bone parameters, and reduced the serum triglyceride concentration. The carcass yield, visceral organ weight percentages, total phenolic content, and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the thigh meat and some serum biochemical parameters were not affected by the usage of Spirulina platensis. In conclusion, 0.1% Spirulina platensis could be a feasible feed additive in low-protein diets due to eliciting an improved performance, antioxidant status, and immune response in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hüseyin Yalçınkaya
- Department of Border Control for Animal and Animal Products, Directorate General for Food and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, 06510 Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Sakine Yalçın
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, Turkey; (S.Y.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Muhammad Shazaib Ramay
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, Turkey; (S.Y.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Esin Ebru Onbaşılar
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Buket Bakır
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, 59030 Tekirdağ, Turkey;
| | - Fatma Kübra Erbay Elibol
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, TOBB Economics and Technology University, 06560 Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Suzan Yalçın
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selçuk University, 42003 Konya, Turkey;
| | - Awad A. Shehata
- Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Bavarian NMR Center (BNMRZ), Structural Membrane Biochemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Shereen Basiouni
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes-Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Tavares J, Oliveira AV, de Souza Nascimento T, Gomes JMP, Parente ACB, Bezerra JR, da Costa MDR, de Aguiar MSS, Sampaio TL, Lima FAV, de Barros Viana GS, de Andrade GM. Aqueous extract of Spirulina exerts neuroprotection in an experimental model of Alzheimer sporadic disease in mice induced by Streptozotocin. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 40:26. [PMID: 39565401 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-024-01477-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 11/21/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that causes gradual memory loss and cognitive impairment. Intracerebroventricular injections of streptozotocin (ICV-STZ) have been used as an experimental model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (SAD) because they produce deficits in brain insulin signaling, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration, resulting in cognitive decline and memory impairment. Spirulina platensis (SPI) is a nutraceutical with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. The objective of this work was to study the effects of SPI on cognitive deficits and neuronal damage in mice submitted to the experimental model of SAD induced by ICV-STZ. Male Swiss mice (25-35 g) received ICV-STZ (3 mg/Kg) bilaterally on days 1 and 3, SPI (50 and 100 mg/Kg, o.p.) or vehicle (saline) was administered 2 h after the second surgery, and once a day for 16 days. SPI treatment prevented working, episodic, spatial, and aversive memory deficits. Locomotor activity was not altered. ICV-STZ caused an increase in MDA, nitrite, and superoxide anion, while decreasing GSH. SPI treatment protected against GSH increase in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and inhibited AChE activity in the prefrontal cortex. SPI prevented astrogliosis and microgliosis induced by ICV-STZ. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of SPI for the treatment of SAD, indicating that its neuroprotective action is linked to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and AChE inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliete Tavares
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Neuroscience and Behavior Lab, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Alfaete Vieira Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Neuroscience and Behavior Lab, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Tyciane de Souza Nascimento
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Neuroscience and Behavior Lab, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Jessica Maria Pessoa Gomes
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Neuroscience and Behavior Lab, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Ana Caroline Barros Parente
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Neuroscience and Behavior Lab, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Jessica Rabelo Bezerra
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Neuroscience and Behavior Lab, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Mac Dionys Rodrigues da Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Mayara Sandrielly Soares de Aguiar
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil.
- Neuroscience and Behavior Lab, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil.
| | - Tiago Lima Sampaio
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Francisco Arnaldo Viana Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Neuroscience and Behavior Lab, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Glauce Socorro de Barros Viana
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Neuroscience and Behavior Lab, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Geanne Matos de Andrade
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil.
- Neuroscience and Behavior Lab, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine Federal, University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1000, 60.430-275, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Rahmatnejad E, Habibi H, Torshizi MAK, Seidavi A, Hosseinian A. Effects of the algae derivatives on performance, intestinal histomorphology, ileal microflora, and egg yolk biochemistry of laying Japanese quail. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103605. [PMID: 38471233 PMCID: PMC11067761 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
We examined the effect of the Persian Gulf algae derivates, phycocyanin (PC) and fucoidan (FUC), on production performance, egg quality, intestinal histomorphology, ileal microflora, and egg yolk biochemistry of laying Japanese quail. A total of 250 six-wk-old Japanese quails with an average body weight of 215 ± 10 g were allocated to 5 treatments, 5 replicates and 10 birds in each replicate in a completely randomized design. The treatment groups received PC (from Spirulina platensis) and FUC (from brown seaweed) in their drinking water while control groups did not. Treatment groups received PC and FUC at 20 or 40 mg/L levels (denoted as PC20, PC40, FUC20, and FUC40, respectively). All birds were fed the same diet. All treatments significantly improved the percentage of hen day egg production (HDEP) (P = 0.002), egg mass (P = 0.002), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P = 0.022) but no difference was noted in egg weight (EW) and feed intake (FI). Different levels of PC and FUC significantly increased the thickness of eggshells (P = 0.022); however, the weight of the digestive tract (liver, spleen, proventriculus, gizzard, and pancreas) and oviduct was not affected. Algal derivates improved the villus height (P = 0.007) and crypt depth (P = 0.007) of the duodenum, as well as, the villus height (P = 0.005) and crypt depth (P = 0.026) of the jejunum. Both algal derivates positively affected the intestinal microflora (populations of Lactobacillus (P = 0.017), Coliform (P = 0.005), and Clostridium (P = 0.000)) whereas aerobic bacteria were unaffected. Yolk cholesterol P = 0.012) and yolk malondialdehyde P = 0.050) content were significantly reduced in experimental treatments compared to the control group. In conclusion, our results showed that the treatment of laying Japanese quails with algal derivates positively affects quail performance, intestinal morphology, intestinal microflora, and yolk cholesterol and malondialdehyde. Additional studies exploring optimal dosages and mechanisms of action is warranted to fully understand the scope of the algae derivates in poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enayat Rahmatnejad
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169, Iran
| | - Hassan Habibi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169, Iran.
| | | | - Alireza Seidavi
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Alireza Hosseinian
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169, Iran
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Sokary S, Bawadi H, Zakaria ZZ, Al-Asmakh M. The Effects of Spirulina Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Narrative Review. J Diet Suppl 2024; 21:527-542. [PMID: 38251049 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2023.2301366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) is a cyanobacterium associated with multiple health benefits. Cardiometabolic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and diabetes are prevalent yet usually preventable non-communicable diseases. Modifiable risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases include excessive body weight, body inflammation, atherogenic lipid profile, and imbalanced glucose metabolism. This review explores the effects of spirulina on cardiometabolic diseases risk factors. Spirulina was effective in reducing body weight, body mass index, and waist circumference, with a potential dose-dependent effect. It also decreased interleukin 6, an important biomarker of body inflammation, by inhibiting NADPH oxidase enzyme, and lowering insulin resistance. spirulina supplementation also reduced triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Additionally, spirulina reduced fasting blood sugar and post-prandial blood sugar and increased insulin sensitivity, but no effect was observed on glycated hemoglobin A1c. The diverse nutrients, such as phycocyanin, gamma-linolenic acid, and vitamin B12, present in spirulina contribute to its cardiometabolic benefits. The doses used are heterogeneous for most studies, ranging from 1 to 8 grams daily, but most studies administered spirulina for 3 months to observe an effect. The collective evidence suggests that spirulina supplements may help improve risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases, thus, preventing its development. However, due to the heterogeneity of the results, more randomized clinical trials are needed to draw robust conclusions about spirulina's therapeutic potential in ameliorating risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases and fully elucidate the mechanisms by which it exerts its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sokary
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Science, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hiba Bawadi
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Science, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zain Zaki Zakaria
- Vice President for Medical and Health Sciences Office, Health Cluster, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maha Al-Asmakh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Abdelfatah SH, Yassin AM, Khattab MS, Abdel-Razek AS, Saad AH. Spirulina platensis as a growth booster for broiler; Insights into their nutritional, molecular, immunohistopathological, and microbiota modulating effects. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:11. [PMID: 38183085 PMCID: PMC10768351 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03858-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study is designed to assess the effect of adding various doses of Spirulina platensis (SP) on broiler chicken growth performance, gut health, antioxidant biomarkers, cecal microbiota, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). 240 male Cobb 500 broiler chicks (1 day old) were placed into four groups (sixty birds/group), then each group was further divided into three replicates of 20 chickens each for 35 days. Birds were allocated as follows; the 1st group (G1), the control group, fed on basal diet, the 2nd group (G2): basal diet plus SP (0.1%), the 3rd group (G3): basal diet plus SP (0.3%), and the 4th group (G4): basal diet plus SP (0.5%). RESULTS Throughout the trial (d 1 to 35), SP fortification significantly increased body weight growth (BWG) and feed conversion rate (FCR) (P < 0.05). Bursa considerably increased among the immunological organs in the Spirulina-supplemented groups. Within SP-supplemented groups, there was a substantial increase in catalase activity, blood total antioxidant capacity, jejunal superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity (P < 0.05). Fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP2), one of the gut barrier health biomarkers, significantly increased in the SP-supplemented groups but the IL-1β gene did not significantly differ across the groups (P < 0.05). Different organs in the control group showed histopathological changes, while the SP-supplemented chicken showed fewer or no signs of these lesions. The control group had higher levels of iNOS expression in the gut than the SP-supplemented groups (p < 0.05). Cecal Lactobacillus count significantly elevated with increasing the rate of SP inclusion rate (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Supplementing broiler diets with SP, particularly at 0.5%, can improve productivity and profitability by promoting weight increase, feed utilization, antioxidant status, immunity, and gastrointestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar H Abdelfatah
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo, University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Aya M Yassin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Marwa S Khattab
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Abdel-Razek
- Microbial Chemistry Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Division, National Research Center, Dokki-Giza, Egypt
| | - Adel H Saad
- Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt
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Rezaiyan M, Sasani N, Kazemi A, Mohsenpour MA, Babajafari S, Mazloomi SM, Clark CCT, Hematyar J, Ghaem Far Z, Azadian M, Zareifard A. The effect of spirulina sauce on glycemic index, lipid profile, and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic patients: A randomized double-blind clinical trial. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:5199-5208. [PMID: 37701187 PMCID: PMC10494644 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the effect of spirulina sauce on glycemic indices, lipid profile, oxidative stress markers, and anthropometric measurement in type 2 diabetic patients. Forty patients were randomly assigned to receive 20 g/day spirulina sauce (containing 2 g of spirulina) or placebo for 2 months. Anthropometric and biochemical indices were measured at the beginning and end of the intervention. Fasting blood glucose (mean difference (MD): -15.3 mg/dL, 95% confidence (CI): -44.2 to 13.60, p = .26), HbA1c (MD: 0.13%, 95% CI: -0.83 to 0.57, p = .75), insulin (MD: -1.46 μIU/mL, 95% CI: -4.0 to 1.09, p = .28), and HOMA-IR (MD: -0.35, 95% CI: -2.0 to 1.32, p = .68) did not change significantly between groups. QUICKI increased significantly (MD: 0.025, 95% CI: 0.006 to 0.045, p = .03). Among the lipid profile, triglyceride (TG) (MD: -68.6 mg/dL, 95% CI: -107.21 to -29.98, p < .001), total cholesterol (MD: -29.55 mg/dL, 95% CI: -55.28 to -3.81, p = .02), and LDL (MD: -17.7 mg/dL, 95% CI: -33.24 to -2.15, p = .01) were significantly decreased in the spirulina group compared to the control; whereas, the change in HDL was non-significant. No significant change was observed in body composition and anthropometric measurements, except waist circumference, which was reduced (MD: -2.65 cm, 95% CI: -3.91 to -1.38, p = .001). Hunger index significantly decreased and fullness increased marginally significantly. Although malondialdehyde was significantly reduced, no change was observed in total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Spirulina sauce was not effective for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes; however, could be useful for controlling appetite and ameliorating lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Rezaiyan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutrition Research CenterShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Najmeh Sasani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutrition Research CenterShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Asma Kazemi
- Nutrition Research CenterShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mohsenpour
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutrition Research CenterShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
- Student Research CommitteeShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Siavash Babajafari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutrition Research CenterShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mazloomi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutrition Research CenterShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | | | - Javad Hematyar
- Diabetic Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Zohreh Ghaem Far
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food SciencesShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Mohsen Azadian
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyShiraz University, Keshto Sanat Teeyondasht CoShirazIran
| | - Alireza Zareifard
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyShiraz University, Keshto Sanat Teeyondasht CoShirazIran
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Silva NC, Graton IS, Duarte CR, Barrozo MAS. Effects of Infrared and Microwave Radiation on the Bioactive Compounds of Microalga Spirulina platensis after Continuous and Intermittent Drying. Molecules 2023; 28:5963. [PMID: 37630215 PMCID: PMC10458413 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28165963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical, nutritional and food industries have recently become interested in the potential of Spirulina platensis, a kind of cyanobacterium with high levels of proteins, vitamins and bioactive compounds. Because of its high moisture, this microalga needs to be submitted to a preservation technique such as drying to be properly used. The aim of this work is to investigate the use of infrared and microwave radiation in the Spirulina platensis drying process. The experiments were performed in continuous and intermittent modes, evaluating different operating conditions for infrared and microwave drying, as well as their effects on the quality of the final product, expressed by the content of bioactive compounds (i.e., total phenolic, total flavonoid, citric acid and phycocyanin contents). The results proved that the use of electromagnetic radiation in the drying of spirulina is an interesting alternative for processing this material if performed under adequate operating conditions. The experiments carried out continuously at lower temperatures and powers and the combination between different temperatures and powers in the intermittent mode resulted in a final product with satisfactory levels of bioactive compounds and low operation times in comparison with conventional methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marcos A. S. Barrozo
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Uberlândia, Block K, Campus Santa Mônica, Uberlandia 38400-902, MG, Brazil; (N.C.S.); (I.S.G.); (C.R.D.)
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Bioprocessing to Preserve and Improve Microalgae Nutritional and Functional Potential: Novel Insight and Perspectives. Foods 2023; 12:foods12050983. [PMID: 36900500 PMCID: PMC10001325 DOI: 10.3390/foods12050983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are aquatic unicellular microorganisms and, although various species are approved for human consumption, Arthrospira and Chlorella are the most widespread. Several nutritional and functional properties have been bestowed to microalgae principal micro- and macro-nutrients, with antioxidant, immunomodulatory and anticancer being the most common. The many references to their potential as a food of the future is mainly ascribed to the high protein and essential amino acid content, but they are also a source of pigments, lipids, sterols, polysaccharides, vitamins, and phenolic compounds with positive effects on human health. Nevertheless, microalgae use is often hindered by unpleasant color and flavor and several strategies have been sought to minimize such challenges. This review provides an overview of the strategies so far proposed and the main nutritional and functional characteristic of microalgae and the foods made thereof. Processing treatments have been used to enrich microalgae-derived substrates in compounds with antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-hypertensive properties. Extraction, microencapsulation, enzymatic treatments, and fermentation are the most common, each with their own pros and cons. Yet, for microalgae to be the food of the future, more effort should be put into finding the right pre-treatments that can allow the use of the whole biomass and be cost-effective while bringing about features that go beyond the mere increase of proteins.
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Sayed AEDH, Hamed M, El-Sayed AAA, Nunes B, Soliman HAM. The mitigating effect of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) on the hemotoxicity of gibberellic acid on juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:25701-25711. [PMID: 36346524 PMCID: PMC9995583 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23844-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The use of plant growth regulators has led to environmental contamination of water bodies that occur adjacent to agricultural areas. Some of these chemicals are bioactive, not only to plants, but also to non-target exposed biota, namely of the aquatic compartment. Previous work demonstrated the establishment of hepato- and nephrotoxic effects in juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed via aquatic media to gibberellic acid (GA3), which is among the most used plant growth regulators, in agricultural practices. Here, we investigated the effect of GA3 on hematological indices, poikilocytosis, nuclear abnormalities, and genotoxic indices measured in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), as well as the putative protective effects of dietary supplementation of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis). Fish were evenly assorted into 5 groups: group I served as a control, and groups II-V were fed diets supplemented with Spirulina at rates of 0 g/kg, 5 g/kg, 20 g/kg, and 100 g/kg, respectively, for 2 months before being exposed to 150 mg/L GA3. The results revealed that GA3 exposure decreased significantly all hematological indices (P < 0.05), except leucocytes and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), compared to the control group (P > 0.05). GA3 exposure increased significantly the percentage of nuclear abnormalities, altered erythrocytes and the percentages of tail DNA, compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Spirulina supplementation restored the hematological, poikilocytosis, nuclear abnormalities, and the percentages of tail DNA to near normal levels. The 100 g/kg SP treatment was the most effective in attaining such effect, showing concentration-dependency. The present study reinforces our findings of the toxicity of GA3 on O. niloticus and suggests that the addition of Spirulina to fish diet can mitigate the hemotoxic effects of GA3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Hamed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Abdelaziz A A El-Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Medina, 42238, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bruno Nunes
- Centro de Estudos Do Ambiente E Do Mar (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Hamdy A M Soliman
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 8562, Egypt
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O&#;uzkan S, Güler &, Güroy B, Bak&#;r K, Özasl M. Investigation of Antitumor Activity of Phycocyanin Obtained from Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis in Mice. INT J PHARMACOL 2023. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2023.114.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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12
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Use of Refractance Window Drying as an Alternative Method for Processing the Microalga Spirulina platensis. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020720. [PMID: 36677778 PMCID: PMC9863420 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae such as Spirulina platensis have recently attracted the interest of the pharmaceutical, nutritional and food industries due to their high levels of proteins and bioactive compounds. In this study, we investigated the use of refractance window (RW) drying as an alternative technology for processing the microalga Spirulina biomass aiming at its dehydration. In addition, we also analyzed the effects of operating variables (i.e., time and temperature) on the quality of the final product, expressed by the content of bioactive compounds (i.e., total phenolics, total flavonoids, and phycocyanin). The results showed that RW drying can generate a dehydrated product with a moisture content lower than 10.0%, minimal visual changes, and reduced process time. The content of bioactive compounds after RW drying was found to be satisfactory, with some of them close to those observed in the fresh microalga. The best results for total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoids (TFC) content were obtained at temperatures of around 70 °C and processing times around 4.5 h. The phycocyanin content was negatively influenced by higher temperatures (higher than 80 °C) and high exposing drying times (higher than 4.5 h) due to its thermosensibility properties. The use of refractance window drying proved to be an interesting methodology for the processing and conservation of Spirulina platensis, as well as an important alternative to the industrial processing of this biomass.
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Shang MH, Sun JF, Bi Y, Xu XT, Zang XN. Fluorescence and antioxidant activity of heterologous expression of phycocyanin and allophycocyanin from Arthrospira platensis. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1127422. [PMID: 36891162 PMCID: PMC9987159 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1127422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Phycocyanin and allophycocyanin are important active substances in Arthrospira platensis, because of their fluorescent characteristic and antioxidant capacity. In order to solve the problem of insufficient production and inconvenient modification of natural protein, recombinant expression was performed and the fluorescence activity and antioxidant activity was analyzed to meet the demand for phycocyanin and allophycocyanin. A total of seven recombinant strains were constructed in this study, including individual phycocyanin or allophycocyanin, co-expression of phycocyanin-allophycocyanin, and their co-expression with chromophore, and the expression strain for individual chromophore. Different molecular weights of phycocyanin and allophycocyanin were detected in the recombinant strains, which indicated the different polymers expressed. Through mass spectrometry identification, phycocyanin and allophycocyanin may form a dimer of 66 kDa and a polymer of 300 kDa. The results of fluorescence detection showed that phycocyanin and allophycocyanin combined with phycocyanobilin to show fluorescence activity. The fluorescence peak of recombinant phycocyanin was mainly concentrated at 640 nm, which was similar to natural phycocyanin, the fluorescence peak of purified recombinant allophycocyanin was at about 642 nm. The fluorescence peak of the co-expressed recombinant phycocyanin-allophycocyanin is located at 640 nm, and the fluorescence intensity is between the recombinant phycocyanin and the recombinant allophycocyanin. After purification, the fluorescence peak of the recombinant phycocyanin is more concentrated and the fluorescence intensity is higher, which is about 1.3 times of recombinant phycocyanin-allophycocyanin, 2.8 times of recombinant allophycocyanin, indicating that phycocyanin may be more suitable to be used as fluorescence probe in medicine. The antioxidant capacity was measured by using total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and DPPH (2,2'-diphenyl-1-triphenylhydrazino) free radical scavenging method, and the recombinant phycobiliprotein showed antioxidant activity. Phycocyanobilin also has certain antioxidant activity and could enhance the antioxidant activity of phycobiliprotein to a certain extent. Recombinant phycocyanin-allophycocyanin polymer has stronger T-AOC, which is about 1.17-2.25 times that of the other five recombinant proteins. And recombinant phycocyanin has stronger DPPH antioxidant activity, which is about 1.2-2.5 times that of the other five recombinant proteins. This study laid the foundation for the application of recombinant phycocyanin and allophycocyanin in medical detection and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hui Shang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian-Fei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Ying Bi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Nan Zang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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Jung F, Krüger-Genge A, Köhler S, Mrowietz C, Küpper JH, Braune S. Effects of Arthrospira platensis-derived phycocyanin on blood cells1. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2023; 85:315-321. [PMID: 36502311 DOI: 10.3233/ch-229103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis (AP) is a natural source of considerable amounts of ingredients that are relevant for nutra- and pharmaceutical uses. Beyond its nutritionally valuable components, such as carbohydrates, minerals, and proteins, bioactive ingredients extracted from AP have been studied for their therapeutical values.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Jung
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - A Krüger-Genge
- Department of Healthcare, Biomaterials and Cosmeceuticals, Fraunhofer-Institute for Applied Polymer Research (IAP), Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - S Köhler
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - C Mrowietz
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - J-H Küpper
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
- Carbon Biotech Social Enterprise AG, Senftenberg, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - S Braune
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
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Sibiya T, Ghazi T, Mohan J, Nagiah S, Chuturgoon AA. Spirulina platensis Mitigates the Inhibition of Selected miRNAs that Promote Inflammation in HAART-Treated HepG2 Cells. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:119. [PMID: 36616248 PMCID: PMC9824462 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the treatment of HIV/AIDS has recently gained popularity. In addition, the significant role of microRNA expression in HIV pathogenesis cannot be overlooked; hence the need to explore the mechanisms of microRNA expression in the presence of HAART and Spirulina platensis (SP) in HepG2 cells. This study investigates the biochemical mechanisms of microRNA expression in HepG2 cells in the presence of HAART, SP, and the potential synergistic effect of HAART−SP. A 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to determine cell viability following SP treatment. The cellular redox status was assessed using the quantification of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, and a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. The fluorometric JC-1 assay was used to determine mitochondrial polarisation. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was also employed for micro-RNA and gene expressions. The results show that MiR-146a (p < 0.0001) and miR-155 (p < 0.0001) levels increased in SP-treated cells. However, only miR-146a (p < 0.0001) in HAART−SP indicated an increase, while miR-155 (p < 0.0001) in HAART−SP treatment indicated a significant decreased expression. Further inflammation analysis revealed that Cox-1 mRNA expression was reduced in SP-treated cells (p = 0.4129). However, Cox-1 expression was significantly increased in HAART−SP-treated cells (p < 0.0001). The investigation revealed that HepG2 cells exposed to HAART−SP treatment showed a significant decrease in Cox-2 (p < 0.0001) expression. mRNA expression also decreased in SP-treated cells (p < 0.0001); therefore, SP potentially controls inflammation by regulating microRNA expressions. Moreover, the positive synergistic effect is indicated by normalised intracellular ROS levels (p < 0.0001) in the HAART−SP treatment. We hereby recommend further investigation on the synergistic roles of SP and HAART in the expression of microRNA with more focus on inflammatory and oxidative pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thabani Sibiya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - Terisha Ghazi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - Jivanka Mohan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - Savania Nagiah
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, Durban 4013, South Africa
- Department of Human Biology, Medical Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nelson Mandela University Missionvale, Bethelsdorp, Port Elizabeth 6059, South Africa
| | - Anil A. Chuturgoon
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, Durban 4013, South Africa
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Kaipa VRK, Asif SM, Assiri KI, Saquib SA, Arem SA, Sree S, Yassin SM, Ibrahim M, Shariff M, Shamsudeen SM, Kaleem SM, Ghaffar Khan AA. Antioxidant effect of spirulina in chronic periodontitis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31521. [PMID: 36550811 PMCID: PMC9771209 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by polymorpho nuclear neutrophils occurs in chronic periodontitis. These ROS are mainly involved in bacterial destruction. However, extracellular release of same results in destruction of surrounding tissue. Spirulina, a potent antioxidant when administered sub gingivally in pockets can offer improved results in chronic periodontitis patients. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Spirulina when delivered sub gingivally in patients with chronic periodontitis. METHODS Sixty chronic periodontitis patients were divided into 2 groups. Group I (n = 30) were treated with Scaling and Root planning (SRP) followed by placement of placebo (SRP-P) and in Group II (n = 30) Spirulina microspheres were placed sub gingivally (SRP-S) following SRP. Clinical parameters like bleeding on probing (BOP), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival index (GI) and probing pocket depth (PPD) were evaluated. Levels of salivary and serum Malondialdehyde (MDA) were estimated using ultra violet spectrophotometer. RESULTS At baseline, in both groups there was no statistically significant difference in clinical and biochemical parameters. Intra group comparisons of parameters from baseline to 90 days were statistically significant in both groups. After 90 days difference in clinical parameters and salivary MDA levels were statistically significant in SRP-S compared to SRP-P group. Though serum MDA levels were reduced in both groups, they were not significant statistically. CONCLUSIONS Our study concluded that, local drug delivery of Spirulina adjunctive to SRP has potent antioxidant effect in treatment of chronic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaik Mohammed Asif
- Department of Diagnostic Science and Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Shahabe Abullais Saquib
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Abdullah Arem
- Department of Periodontics, Mamata Dental College, Khammam, Telangana, India
| | - Suma Sree
- Department of Orthodontics, SVS Institute of Dental Sciences, Mahabubnagar, Telangana, India
| | - Syed Mohammed Yassin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ibrahim
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansoor Shariff
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Abdul Ahad Ghaffar Khan
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Sibiya T, Ghazi T, Mohan J, Nagiah S, Chuturgoon AA. Spirulina platensis Ameliorates Oxidative Stress Associated with Antiretroviral Drugs in HepG2 Cells. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11223143. [PMID: 36432871 PMCID: PMC9694780 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Lately, Spirulina platensis (SP), as an antioxidant, has exhibited high potency in the treatment of oxidative stress, diabetes, immune disorder, inflammatory stress, and bacterial and viral-related diseases. This study investigated the possible protective role of Spirulina platensis against ARV-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Human liver (HepG2) cells were treated with ARVs ((Lamivudine (3TC): 1.51 µg/mL, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF): 0.3 µg/mL and Emtricitabine (FTC): 1.8 µg/mL)) for 96 h and thereafter treated with 1.5 µg/mL Spirulina platensis for 24 h. After the treatments, the gene and protein expressions of the antioxidant response pathway were determined using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blots. The results show that Spirulina platensis decreased the gene expressions of Akt (p < 0.0001) and eNOS (↓p < 0.0001) while, on the contrary, it increased the transcript levels of NRF-2 (↑p = 0.0021), Keap1 (↑p = 0.0002), CAT (↑p < 0.0001), and NQO-1 (↑p = 0.1432) in the HepG2 cells. Furthermore, the results show that Spirulina platensis also decreased the protein expressions of NRF-2 (↓p = 0.1226) and pNRF-2 (↓p = 0.0203). Interestingly, HAART-SP induced an NRF-2 pathway response through upregulating NRF-2 (except for FTC-SP) (↑p < 0.0001), CAT (↑p < 0.0001), and NQO-1 (except for FTC-SP) (↑p < 0.0001) mRNA expression. In addition, NRF-2 (↑p = 0.0085) and pNRF-2 (↑p < 0.0001) protein expression was upregulated in the HepG2 cells post-exposure to HAART-SP. The results, therefore, allude to the fact that Spirulina platensis has the potential to mitigate HAART-adverse drug reactions (HAART toxicity) through the activation of antioxidant response in HepG2 cells. We hereby recommend further studies on Spirulina platensis and HAART synergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thabani Sibiya
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - Terisha Ghazi
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - Jivanka Mohan
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - Savania Nagiah
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
- Medical Programme, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nelson Mandela University Missionvale, Port Elizabeth 6059, South Africa
| | - Anil A. Chuturgoon
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
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Abdel-Latif HMR, Soliman AA, Khaled AA, Kord M, Abdel-Tawwab M, Darwish S, Grana YS, Zaki M, Nour AE, Ali E, Khalil RH, Khalil HS. Growth performance, antioxidant activities, and immunological responses of hapa-reared thinlip mullet (Liza ramada) juveniles fed on diets supplemented with spirulina (Arthrospiraplatensis). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 130:359-367. [PMID: 36126837 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) (SP) has been utilized for a long time as a valued feed supplement because of its proteinous content and other beneficial phytochemical compounds. Herein, we investigated the influences of SP-supplemented diets on growth, body somatic indices, digestive enzymes, hepatic antioxidant activities, and immunological responses of hapa-reared thinlip mullet (Liza ramada) juveniles. Fish were assigned in six triplicate groups and were fed for consecutive 60 days on the prepared experimental diets containing varying SP levels as 0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, and 10.0 g/kg diet and defined as control (CNT or SP0), SP2, SP4, SP6, SP8, and SP10 groups, respectively. The results indicated that dietary SP supplementation linearly and quadratically improved the fish growth performance, and the highest growth indices were found in the SP8 group. However, dietary SP supplementation did not significantly alter feed conversion ratio (FCR), survival rate (%), hepato-somatic index, and viscera-somatic index among all experimental groups. Meanwhile, digestive enzymes (lipase, α-amylase, and proteases) in the mid-intestine were also linearly and quadratically increased in all SP-fed groups, and their uppermost values were noted in the SP8 group. Hepatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and total antioxidant capacity in SP-supplemented groups were significantly elevated than the CNT group. Conversely, hepatic malondialdehyde contents were decreased significantly along with increasing dietary SP-supplementation levels. The immunological parameters such as lysozyme, respiratory burst, and alternative complement activities were significantly elevated in SP-fed groups than in the CNT group. These findings evoked that feeding SP-supplemented diets (especially at 8.0 g/kg diet) significantly promoted the growth, digestive enzymes, hepatic antioxidant status, and immunity of L. ramada juveniles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany M R Abdel-Latif
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 22758, Egypt.
| | - Ali A Soliman
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Egypt
| | - Asmaa A Khaled
- Animal and Fish Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Kord
- Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohsen Abdel-Tawwab
- Department of Fish Biology and Ecology, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Agriculture Research Center, Abbassa, Abo-Hammad, Sharqia, Egypt
| | - Shawky Darwish
- Limnology Department, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Agriculture Research Center, Abbassa, Abo-Hammad, Sharqia, Egypt
| | - Youssif Shehata Grana
- Limnology Department, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Agriculture Research Center, Abbassa, Abo-Hammad, Sharqia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Zaki
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abd-Elaziz Nour
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eglal Ali
- Animal and Fish Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Riad H Khalil
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 22758, Egypt
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Marine algae colorants: Antioxidant, anti-diabetic properties and applications in food industry. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mutwedu VB, Nyongesa AW, Kitaa JM, Ayagirwe RBB, Baharanyi C, Mbaria JM. Effects of Moringa oleifera aqueous seed extracts on reproductive traits of heat-stressed New Zealand white female rabbits. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:883976. [PMID: 36172616 PMCID: PMC9510754 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.883976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress is reported to have deleterious effects on rabbit physiology by impairing reproductive performances arising from free radical production due to oxidative stress. Plant extracts have been listed among efficient and healthy strategies for alleviating the effects of free radicals in the body of an animal. Numerous studies have documented the medicinal value of Moringa oleifera on various body functional systems although most of these data have not been scientifically validated. The growing concern of heat stress owing to the effects of global warming has affected animal productivity and even reproductive health, yet mitigation measures are still scanty. To this end, we investigated the efficacy of Moringa oleifera aqueous seed extract on selected in the alleviation of morphofunctional impairments on functional systems of the body. Here, we quantified the effects of Moringa oleifera seed extracts on reproductive performances, hormonal profile, and ovarian histology in the management of heat stress in female rabbits. We were particularly interested in testing the hypothesis that Moringa oleifera seed extracts do not have medicinal value in the mitigation of oxidative stress accompanying heat-stressed animals and, therefore, affecting growth performance and reproductive value. Twenty-eight female rabbits aged 6 months and weighing between 2015.6 and 2322.7 g were randomly assigned to four treatment groups of temperature, relative humidity, temperature humidity index, and M. oleifera seed extracts as follows: T0: ambient temperature (18–24°C), 59 ± 0.48%, 23.6 ± 1.52; T1, T2, and T3: 35–36°C, 64 ± 0.6%, 32.5 ± 0.7, followed by 100, 200, and 0 mg/kg b.w of M. oleifera seed extracts. Artificial heat was introduced in each rabbit cage from 08:00 h to 16:00 h. Reproductive performances related to female rabbits and relevant biodata of their young ones were recorded. All animals were sacrificed at the end of 80 days of experiments, and blood was collected for hormonal assays and ovary tissues for histology. Data on hormones and reproductive parameters of adult females as well as parameters related to kid performance and milk yield were subjected to one-way ANOVA, and significant differences among treatment subjects were analyzed using Tukey's post-hoc test at 5% significance level. The results revealed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in food consumption, body weight, and body weight gain in pregnant and lactating female rabbits exposed to heat stress. A decrease in fur removal by mothers, litter size from birth to weaning, litter weight, kid body weight, and body weight gain in adult rabbits submitted to heat stress was observed. The findings were also reflected on weekly milk yield and daily milk efficiency as well as serum hormone levels. Following administration of M. oleifera seed extracts at 200 mg/kg b.w., there was significant increase (P < 0.05) in these parameters. On the contrary, an increase (P < 0.05) in the number of services per conception, milk intake, and serum progesterone level was initially observed in the same subjects, but upon administration of M. oleifera seed extracts, there was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) on these measures. Ovarian histology of animals at T0 and T2 treatments showed structural features comparable to those of controls. Overall, our results show that administration of M. oleifera seed extracts at 200 mg/kg b.w possesses therapeutic value to the effects of oxidative stress associated with heat stress. Further pharmacological evaluation on seed extracts of M. oleifera may yield the much-needed medicine in the treatment and management of poor animal productivity and reproductive health arising from severe weather associated with global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valence B. Mutwedu
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Studies, Université Evangélique en Afrique (UEA), Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- *Correspondence: Valence B. Mutwedu
| | - Albert W. Nyongesa
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jafred M. Kitaa
- Clinical Studies Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rodrigue B. B. Ayagirwe
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Studies, Université Evangélique en Afrique (UEA), Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Chasinga Baharanyi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Evangélique en Afrique (UEA), Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - James M. Mbaria
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
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Reconfiguration of Gut Microbiota and Reprogramming of Liver Metabolism with Phycobiliproteins Bioactive Peptides to Rehabilitate Obese Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173635. [PMID: 36079890 PMCID: PMC9460120 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phycobiliproteins (derived from Arthrospira platensis) bioactive peptide extracts (PPE) possess multiple pharmacological effects in the mitigation of human metabolic disorders. The role of PPE in the treatment of diet-induced obesity and the understanding of the underlying mechanism between the gut microbiome and metabolic blood circulation for obese patients remains poorly understood. In this study, we showed that PPE attenuated obesity by reducing body weight, and ameliorated glucose and lipid indexes in serum. In particular, PPE is postulated to mitigate liver steatosis and insulin resistance. On the other hand, dietary treatment with PPE was found to “reconfigure” the gut microbiota in the way that the abundances were elevated for Akkermansia_muciniphila, beneficial Lactobacillus and Romboutsia, SCFA-producing species Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Lachnospiraceae_bacterium, Clostridiales_bacterium, probiotics Clostridium sp., Enterococcus faecium, and Lactobacillus_johnsonii, while the abundance of Firmicutes was reduced and that of Bacteroidetes was increased to reverse the imbalance of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Finally, the metabolomics of circulating serum using UHPLC-MS/MS illustrated that PPE supplementation indeed promoted lipid metabolism in obese rats. As summary, it was seen that PPE reprogrammed the cell metabolism to prevent the aggravation of obesity. Our findings strongly support that PPE can be regarded as a potential therapeutic dietary supplement for obesity.
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22
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El-Hawy AS, Abdel-Rahman HG, El-Bassiony MF, Anwar A, Hassan MA, Elnabtiti AAS, Abdelrazek HMA, Kamel S. Immunostimulatory effects of Nannochloropsis oculata supplementation on Barki rams growth performance, antioxidant assay, and immunological status. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:314. [PMID: 35971171 PMCID: PMC9377079 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03417-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural feed supplements are gaining popularity in the animal production sector due to their safety and potential immunostimulatory properties, as well as the ban of some antibiotics and their negative residual effects. This study was carried out for 1 month to investigate the effect of Nannochloropsis oculata supplementation on growth performance and cell-mediated immunological status of rams assessed by leukogram assessment, lipid oxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), interleukin assay after lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) including interleukin 6 (IL6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 12 (IL12), and gamma interferon (γ-IF), as well as Comet assay (% of DNA damage, tail length (px), % DNA in tail, tail moment and Olive tail moment). METHODS Eighteen Barki rams (26.21 ± 0.64 kg) were divided into 3 equal treatment groups (6 sheep/each), G1: animals served as the control group that was fed the basal diet only, while the other treated groups (G2 and G3 (Nan 1.5% and Nan 3%) were fed the basal diet supplemented with 1.5% and 3% N. oculata (dry matter basis), respectively. RESULTS The obtained results revealed that G3 showed a significant (P < 0.05) improvement in performance (body weight and body weight gain), the highest significant count (P < 0.05) in lymphocytes, and the lowest significant (P < 0.05) levels of neutrophils and neutrophils and lymphocytes ratio (N/L) ratio. Meanwhile, both levels of N. oculata significantly (P < 0.05) decreased MDA and increased TAC than control which seemed to be directly correlated with supplemented dose. There was a significant (P < 0.05) enhancement in the lymphocyte transformation assay produced significant (P < 0.05) high cytokines (IL6, γ-IF, IL12, and TNF-α) and the lowest significant (P <0.05) percent of DNA damage. The conducted principal component analysis estimated the inter-relationship between parameters and revealed that microalgae correlated strongly with cytokine assay and TAC, and negatively with Comet assay parameters; MDA, and neutrophils. CONCLUSIONS It can be noted that dietary addition of N. oculata 3% increased sheep's performance while also producing significant-high cytokines. It also enhanced sheep immunology by considerably enhancing lymphocyte transformation ability. The antioxidant activity of Nannochloropsis appears to influence these findings. It was proposed that the Barki rams' basal diet be supplemented with 3% N. oculata.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S El-Hawy
- Animal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haidy G Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - M F El-Bassiony
- Animal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abeer Anwar
- Immunology and Immunopharmacology Unit, Animal Reproduction Research Institute Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Hassan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| | - A A S Elnabtiti
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Heba M A Abdelrazek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Samar Kamel
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
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Garavand F, Daly DF, Gómez-Mascaraque LG. The consequence of supplementing with synbiotic systems on free amino acids, free fatty acids, organic acids, and some stability indexes of fermented milk. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2022.105477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sibiya T, Ghazi T, Chuturgoon A. The Potential of Spirulina platensis to Ameliorate the Adverse Effects of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART). Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153076. [PMID: 35893930 PMCID: PMC9332774 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is one of the most prevalent diseases globally. It is estimated that 37.7 million people are infected with HIV globally, and 8.2 million persons are infected with the virus in South Africa. The highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) involves combining various types of antiretroviral drugs that are dependent on the infected person’s viral load. HAART helps regulate the viral load and prevents its associated symptoms from progressing into acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Despite its success in prolonging HIV-infected patients’ lifespans, the use of HAART promotes metabolic syndrome (MetS) through an inflammatory pathway, excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial dysfunction. Interestingly, Spirulina platensis (SP), a blue-green microalgae commonly used as a traditional food by Mexican and African people, has been demonstrated to mitigate MetS by regulating oxidative and inflammatory pathways. SP is also a potent antioxidant that has been shown to exhibit immunological, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, antidiabetic, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. This review is aimed at highlighting the biochemical mechanism of SP with a focus on studies linking SP to the inhibition of HIV, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Further, we propose SP as a potential supplement for HIV-infected persons on lifelong HAART.
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de Souza ILL, Barros BC, Ferreira EDS, Queiroga FR, Vasconcelos LHC, Toscano LDLT, Silva AS, da Silva PM, Cavalcante FDA, da Silva BA. Supplementation with Spirulina platensis Prevents Damage to Rat Erections in a Model of Erectile Dysfunction Promoted by Hypercaloric Diet-Induced Obesity. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080467. [PMID: 35892935 PMCID: PMC9332348 DOI: 10.3390/md20080467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the inability to achieve and/or maintain a penile erection sufficient for sexual satisfaction. Currently, many patients do not respond to the pharmacotherapy. The effects of a supplementation with Spirulina platensis, were evaluated in a model of ED induced by hypercaloric diet consumption. Wistar rats were divided into groups fed with standard diet (SD) or hypercaloric diet (HD) and supplemented with this alga at doses of 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg. Experimental adiposity parameters and erectile function were analyzed. In SD groups, Spirulina platensis reduced food intake, final body mass and adiposity index, and increased the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of adipose tissue. However, no change was observed in erectile function. In the HD group, without Spirulina supplementation, a decrease in food intake was observed, in addition to an increase of final body mass, weight gain, adipose reserves, and adiposity index. Additionally, reduction in the number and increase in the latency of penile erection and adipose malondialdehyde levels, as well as a reduction in TCA was noted. Furthermore, cavernous contractility was increased, and the relaxing response was decreased. Interestingly, these deleterious effects were prevented by the algae at doses of 25, 50 and/or 100 mg/kg. Therefore, the supplementation with S. platensis prevents damages associated to a hypercaloric diet consumption and emerges as an adjuvant the prevention of ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iara Leão Luna de Souza
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Roraima, Boa Vista 69306-530, RR, Brazil
- Curso de Farmácia, Centro Universitário Estácio da Amazônia, Boa Vista 69306-530, RR, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-83-98741-9057
| | - Bárbara Cavalcanti Barros
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (B.C.B.); (E.d.S.F.); (F.R.Q.); (L.H.C.V.); (F.d.A.C.); (B.A.d.S.)
| | - Elba dos Santos Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (B.C.B.); (E.d.S.F.); (F.R.Q.); (L.H.C.V.); (F.d.A.C.); (B.A.d.S.)
| | - Fernando Ramos Queiroga
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (B.C.B.); (E.d.S.F.); (F.R.Q.); (L.H.C.V.); (F.d.A.C.); (B.A.d.S.)
| | - Luiz Henrique César Vasconcelos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (B.C.B.); (E.d.S.F.); (F.R.Q.); (L.H.C.V.); (F.d.A.C.); (B.A.d.S.)
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Fisiologia e Patologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil
| | - Lydiane de Lima Tavares Toscano
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (L.d.L.T.T.); (A.S.S.)
| | - Alexandre Sérgio Silva
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (L.d.L.T.T.); (A.S.S.)
| | - Patrícia Mirella da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil;
| | - Fabiana de Andrade Cavalcante
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (B.C.B.); (E.d.S.F.); (F.R.Q.); (L.H.C.V.); (F.d.A.C.); (B.A.d.S.)
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Fisiologia e Patologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil
| | - Bagnólia Araújo da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (B.C.B.); (E.d.S.F.); (F.R.Q.); (L.H.C.V.); (F.d.A.C.); (B.A.d.S.)
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil
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Qiao BW, Liu XT, Wang CX, Song S, Ai CQ, Fu YH. Preparation, Characterization, and Antioxidant Properties of Phycocyanin Complexes Based on Sodium Alginate and Lysozyme. Front Nutr 2022; 9:890942. [PMID: 35685875 PMCID: PMC9171975 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.890942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, phycocyanin-sodium alginate/lysozyme complex (PC-SLC) was prepared for the first time and characterized by UV spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD). The stability of PC-SLC under light, temperature, pH and simulated gastrointestinal fluid was investigated. The scavenging ability of the complexes against DPPH and ABTS radicals was determined. The results showed that the complex formed by the mass ratio of SA-LZM of 0.1 showed the highest PC encapsulation rate (89.9 ± 0.374%). The combination of SA and LZM changed the secondary conformation of PC. The PC-SLC complex shows an irregular spherical structure and the spheres are clustered together. Compared with phycocyanin (PC), its thermal stability was obviously improved, but it was still greatly influenced by light. It could exist stably in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) for 2 h and be slowly digested in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF), which helped to promote the absorption of nutrients in the intestinal tract. Meanwhile, the complex PC-SLC showed high scavenging ability for DPPH and ABTS radicals. It can be concluded that the complexes have good antioxidant activity. This study provides an idea for the construction of PC delivery system and makes it more widely used in food industry and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bian-Wen Qiao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Xin-Tong Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Chen-Xin Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuang Song
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, China
| | - Chun-Qing Ai
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, China
| | - Ying-Huan Fu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, China.,School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
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Hassanpour H, Pourhabibian R. Impact of sodium pyrophosphate and static magnetic field on Haematococcus pluvialis: enhancement of astaxanthin accumulation, PAL, and antioxidant enzyme activities. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1207-1216. [PMID: 35910440 PMCID: PMC9334474 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01211-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The Haematococcus pluvialis microalga is known as a main source of astaxanthin with a strong antioxidant capacity and low growth rate. The induction of growth and astaxanthin content was established in H. pluvialis alga using a static magnetic field (SMF) and tetrasodium pyrophosphate (NaPP) as an inhibitor of isopentenyl pyrophosphate (precursor of astaxanthin biosynthesis) translocator between cytosol to plastid. NaPP (0.3 mM), SMF (4 mT), and their combinations were applied to the H. pluvialis cell culture. Results showed chlorophyll a and b were induced in H. pluvialis by SMF treatment, but didn't change significantly under NaPP. Astaxanthin content enhanced under NaPP, SMF, and their combination, and the highest astaxanthin content was obtained under NaPP after 21 days (late of stationary phase) of culture. A significant increase in total phenol and flavonoid contents, and activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and DPPH were observed under both NaPP and SMF treatments. In contrast to NaPP, SMF decreased H2O2 content, which was associated with more activity of SOD and CAT enzymes. These results revealed that NaPP and SMF might stimulate both phenol and astaxanthin biosynthesis pathways by impacting the activity of enzymes, and inhibition of IPP translocation by NaPP didn't affect astaxanthin biosynthesis at the late growth phase of H. pluvialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halimeh Hassanpour
- Aerospace Research Institute, Ministry of Science Research and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Pourhabibian
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Omar AE, Al-Khalaifah HS, Osman A, Gouda A, Shalaby SI, Roushdy EM, Abdo SA, Ali SA, Hassan AM, Amer SA. Modulating the Growth, Antioxidant Activity, and Immunoexpression of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Apoptotic Proteins in Broiler Chickens by Adding Dietary Spirulina platensis Phycocyanin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050991. [PMID: 35624855 PMCID: PMC9137683 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the dietary effect of Spirulina platensis phycocyanin (SPC) on growth performance (body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR)) at starter, grower, and finisher stages, intestinal histomorphology, serum biochemical parameters, inflammatory and antioxidant indices, and proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and caspase-3) immune expression in broiler chickens. In total, 250 one-day-old chicks (Ross 308 broiler) were randomly allotted to five experimental groups (5 replicates/group, 10 chicks/replicate) and fed basal diets supplemented with five levels of SPC (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 g kg–1 diet) for 35 days. Compared with SPC0 treatment, different SPC levels increased the overall BW and BWG without affecting the total feed consumption. However, the FCR decreased linearly with an increase in supplementation level. The serum levels of total proteins, albumin, globulins, and growth hormone increased linearly by increasing levels of SPC supplementation. Further, SPC supplementation increased the thyroxin hormones without affecting serum glucose and leptin levels. Serum total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) values decreased in broilers fed SPC0.250 and SPC1 diets. Triglycerides (TG) decreased in SPC0.25-, SPC0.75-, and SPC1-treated groups. Though antioxidant enzyme activities (total antioxidant capacity, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) increased linearly and quadratically, malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased linearly by increasing the SPC level. There was no effect on serum proinflammatory cytokines IL1β levels. Immunolabelling index of caspase-3 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were downregulated by SPC supplementation. The intestinal histomorphology is represented by increased villus height, the villus height to crypt depth ratio, and numbers of goblet cells in different sections of the small intestine. In conclusion, SPC supplementation is beneficial in broiler chicken diets due to its growth-promoting, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaam E. Omar
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Hanan S. Al-Khalaifah
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat, Kuwait City 13109, Kuwait;
| | - Ali Osman
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed Gouda
- Animal Production Department, Agricultural & Biological Research Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 11865, Egypt;
| | - Shimaa I. Shalaby
- Physiology Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, University of Zagazig, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Elshimaa M. Roushdy
- Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Samar A. Abdo
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagazig, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Sozan A. Ali
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Aziza M. Hassan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shimaa A. Amer
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
- Correspondence:
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Monitoring of Spirulina Flakes and Powders from Italian Companies. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103155. [PMID: 35630631 PMCID: PMC9143159 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae and microalgae-derived compounds have great potential as supplements in the human diet and as a source of bioactive products with health benefits. Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis (Nordstedt) Gomont, or Spirulina platensis) belongs to the class of cyanobacteria and has been studied for its numerous health benefits, which include anti-inflammatory properties, among others. This work was aimed at comparing some spirulina products available on the Italian market. The commercial products here analyzed consisted of spirulina cultivated and processed with different approaches. Single-component spirulina products in powder and flake form, free of any type of excipient produced from four different companies operating in the sector, have been analyzed. The macro- and micromorphological examination, and the content of pigments, phycobiliproteins, phenols, and proteins have shown differences regarding the morphology and chemical composition, especially for those classes of particularly unstable compounds such as chlorophylls and carotenoids, suggesting a great influence of both culture conditions and processing methods.
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Sankarapandian V, Nitharsan K, Parangusadoss K, Gangadaran P, Ramani P, Venmathi Maran BA, Jogalekar MP. Prebiotic Potential and Value-Added Products Derived from Spirulina laxissima SV001-A Step towards Healthy Living. BIOTECH 2022; 11:13. [PMID: 35822786 PMCID: PMC9264395 DOI: 10.3390/biotech11020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lately, microalgae-based value-added products have been gaining market value because they moderate the dependency on fossil fuel and high-value chemical products. To this end, the purpose of this study was to develop prebiotic products from the microalgae Spirulina sp. The microalgae were isolated from the fresh water and characterized at the molecular level. The dry biomass, chlorophyll content, phycocyanin, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the isolated strains were analyzed. Moreover, value-added products like Spirulina cake, chocolate, tea, vermicelli and Spirulina juice were made for a vulnerable population due to high nutritive value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Sankarapandian
- Department of Microbiology, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Trichy 620005, India; (V.S.); (K.N.); (K.P.)
| | - Kirubakaran Nitharsan
- Department of Microbiology, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Trichy 620005, India; (V.S.); (K.N.); (K.P.)
| | - Kavitha Parangusadoss
- Department of Microbiology, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Trichy 620005, India; (V.S.); (K.N.); (K.P.)
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Prasanna Ramani
- Dhanvanthri Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India;
- Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials & Green Technologies (CoE–AMGT), Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
| | | | - Manasi P. Jogalekar
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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Abdel-Moneim AME, El-Saadony MT, Shehata AM, Saad AM, Aldhumri SA, Ouda SM, Mesalam NM. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Spirulina platensis extracts and biogenic selenium nanoparticles against selected pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:1197-1209. [PMID: 35197787 PMCID: PMC8848030 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of three Spirulina extracts (methanol, acetone, and hexane) and the biological selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) fabricated by Bacillus subtilis AL43. The results showed that Spirulina extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity against tested pathogens. Besides, Spirulina extracts significantly scavenged ABTS and DPPH radicals in a dose-dependent manner. The methanolic extract had higher total phenolic content, antimicrobial activity, and antioxidant activity than other extracts. The selenium nanoparticles were synthesized by Bacillus subtilis AL43 under aerobic conditions and were characterized as spherical, crystalline with a size of 65.23 nm and a net negative charge of −22.7. We evidenced that SeNPs possess considerable antimicrobial activity against three gram-positive, three gram-negative bacteria, and three strains from both Candida sp. and Aspergillus sp. Moreover, SeNPs were able to scavenge ABTS and DPPH radicals in a dose-dependent manner. An association was found between the total phenolic content of Spirulina and SeNPs and their biological activities. Our results indicate that Spirulina and SeNPs with significant antimicrobial and antioxidant activities seem to be successful candidates for safe and reliable medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Moneim Eid Abdel-Moneim
- Biological Applications Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, 13759, Egypt
- Corresponding author.
| | - Mohamed T. El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Abdelrazeq M. Shehata
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Saad
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Sami Ali Aldhumri
- Department of Biology, Khurmah University College, Taif University, 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar M Ouda
- Department of Biology, Khurmah University College, Taif University, 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Research Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, 13759, Egypt
| | - Noura M. Mesalam
- Biological Applications Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, 13759, Egypt
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Rostami HAA, Marjani A, Mojerloo M, Rahimi B, Marjani M. Effect of Spirulina on Lipid Profile, Glucose and Malondialdehyde Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Patients. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e191140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Pradhan B, Bhuyan PP, Patra S, Nayak R, Behera PK, Behera C, Behera AK, Ki JS, Jena M. Beneficial effects of seaweeds and seaweed-derived bioactive compounds: Current evidence and future prospective. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Abdul-Hamid M, Galaly SR, Ahmed RR, Hamdalla HM. Histopathological and biochemical effect of quercetin on monosodium glutamate supplementation-induced testicular toxicity. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-021-00167-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Despite the wide usage of monosodium glutamate (MSG) as a flavor enhancer in many types of food, it has been reported as a toxic agent to humans and experimental animals. It also adversely influences male fertility. Several research studies attributed detrimental effects of MSG on reproductive organs to oxidative stress. The current study investigated the effects of MSG on testis and the potential role of quercetin in attenuating them.
Results
MSG-treated rats showed a considerable elevation in lipid peroxidation level and reduction in glutathione concentration, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in the homogenate of testis tissues. Treatment with quercetin in combination with MSG provided significant protection. When QU was used, the toxic side effects were significantly reduced, with a considerable reduction in lipid peroxidation and an increase in SOD and GPx activities, and glutathione concentration.
Conclusions
Quercetin may be used in combination with MSG to improve the histopathological, ultrastructure, oxidative stress, and biochemical parameters of testicular toxicity induced by MSG due to its antioxidant effects.
Graphical abstract
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Protective Effects of Dietary Supplement Spirulina (Spirulina platensis) against Toxically Impacts of Monosodium Glutamate in Blood and Behavior of Swiss mouse. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8110218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Well-known monosodium glutamate (E-621, MSG), originally used as a food flavor enhancer, was approved approximately in all countries, but the toxicity versus the safety of (MSG) are still unclear due to variable scientific toxicological reports. Moreover, it was reported to trigger elevated frequencies of nausea and headaches in humans and provide deleterious effects on laboratory animals. The objectives of the present study were to (i) estimate the possible toxic effects of the food additive MSG (ii) and the ameliorating protective effects of the dietary supplement spirulina (Spirulina platensis) on the biochemical parameters of blood and the damage produced in organs of Swiss mice after applying a supplementary daily dose of MSG for 4 weeks. (2) Methods: The present study was conducted on 20 mature Swiss mice, which were randomly organized into four groups of five Swiss mice. The treatments were (I) the control group, in which Swiss mice were fed only animal feed and drinking water; group II MSG1, which received 1 mL of MSG; group III MSG0.5, which was treated with 0.5 mL of MSG; and (IV) the group MSGS, which was treated with 1 mL of monosodium glutamate and 1 mL of spirulina (aiming to reduce the MSG toxicity). (3) Results: At the end of the experiment, Swiss mice treated with MSG demonstrated a passiveness regarding behavioral aspects. As we hypothesized, the parameters of the spirulina group reached similar values to the control group, and no histopathological observations have been found. Altogether, our findings evidenced that monosodium glutamate leads to histopathological changes in Swiss mice kidneys and caused important modifications for all biochemical parameters of the blood serum. Noticeably, the potential protective effect of Spirulina platensis was proved and was described by using the FTIR spectroscopy technique. (4) Conclusions: A diet rich in antioxidants and other plant-derived bioactive compounds may provide healthy nutrition, alleviating the potential side effects of some food additives.
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Kahraman G, Özdemir KS. Effects of black elderberry and spirulina extracts on the chemical stability of cold pressed flaxseed oil during accelerated storage. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-01004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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The Evaluation of Arthrospira platensis Bioactivity and their Dietary Supplementation to Nile Tilapia Vegetarian Diet on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, Body Composition and Hemato-Biochemical Parameters. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2021-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify the carotenoid content and evaluate the antioxidant activities of spirulina, Arthrospira platensis (in vitro), and the effect of its supplementation to a vegetarian diet on growth performance, feed utilization, body proximate composition and physiological status of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (in vivo). The carotenoid content of spirulina was identified by UPLC-MS/MS and showed that trans and cis β-carotene were the major carotenoids (88.3%) followed by β-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin. The antioxidant activity of spirulina was determined in water and crude carotenoid extracts by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay, both extracts showed a significant free radical scavenging capacity. In addition, Nile tilapia fry (0.83 ± 0.01 g) was fed a vegetarian diet supplemented with different levels of spirulina for 12 weeks. The results revealed that the highest growth performance and nutrient utilization were recorded with 0.5% spirulina and the peak response determined at 0.63%-0.65% using polynomial second order regression. Also, the hemoglobin content improved in a quadratic regression model with the peak at 0.67% spirulina. Plasma total protein and lipid contents increased significantly with spirulina levels over 0.50%. Moreover, the aminopeptidase activities and glucose level decreased significantly with increasing spirulina levels. The current study recommended the supplementation of the Nile tilapia vegetarian diet with spirulina at levels of 0.63-0.65% for better growth performance and physiological status.
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Wided O, Abdelhafidh K, Ali M, Touaylia S. Protective role of Spirulina platensis against glyphosate induced toxicity in marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS 2021; 39:373-387. [PMID: 35895949 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2021.1954833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is a toxic environmental pollutant that has the ability to induce biochemical and physiological alterations in living organisms. Several studies have focused on the research of protective techniques against the stress induced by this contaminant. In this context, we studied the protective effect of Spirulina against the disturbances induced by glyphosate. A biomarker approach was adopted to determine the impact of glyphosate, Spirulina and their mixture, during two time slots (4 and 7 days), on Mytilus galloprovincialis. Glyphosate treated mussels revealed significantly increased malondialdehyde and decreased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels. Spirulina normalized catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and AChE activities. Furthermore, it reduced glyphosate-induced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The current study suggests a protective effect of Spirulina against glyphosate-induced oxidative stress by strengthening the antioxidant system, sequestering ROS and inhibiting cellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouarghi Wided
- Environmental Biomonitoring Laboratory (LBE), Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Khazri Abdelhafidh
- Environmental Biomonitoring Laboratory (LBE), Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Mezni Ali
- Environmental Biomonitoring Laboratory (LBE), Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Samir Touaylia
- Environmental Biomonitoring Laboratory (LBE), Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Zarzouna, Tunisia
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Ekeuku SO, Chong PN, Chan HK, Mohamed N, Froemming GR, Okechukwu PN. Spirulina supplementation improves bone structural strength and stiffness in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. J Tradit Complement Med 2021; 12:225-234. [PMID: 35493310 PMCID: PMC9039118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Spirulina (blue-green algae) contains a wide range of nutrients with medicinal properties which include β-carotene, chromium, and moderate amounts of vitamins B12. This study aims to determine the preventive effect of spirulina against bone fragility linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups (n = 6) and diabetes was induced using streptozocin. Rats with a plasma glucose level of 10 mmol/L and above were orally treated for twelve weeks with either a single dose of spirulina, metformin, or a combined dose of spirulina + metformin per day. After the treatment, blood and bones were taken for biochemical analysis, three-dimensional imaging, 3-point biomechanical analysis, histology imaging and gene expression using qPCR. Results showed that diabetes induction and treatment with metformin caused destruction in the trabecular microarchitecture of the femur bone, reduction in serum bone marker and expression of bone formation marker genes in the experimental rats. Spirulina supplementation showed improved trabecular microarchitecture with a denser trabecular network, increased 25-OH vitamin D levels, and lowered the level of phosphate and calcium in the serum. Biomechanical tests revealed increased maximum force, stress strain, young modulus and histology images showed improvement in regular mesh and an increase in osteoblasts and osteocytes. There was an increase in the expression of bone formation marker osteocalcin. The results suggest that spirulina supplementation was more effective at improving bone structural strength and stiffness in diabetic rats compared to metformin. Spirulina may be able to prevent T2DM-related brittle bone, lowering the risk of fracture.
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Krüger-Genge A, Steinbrecht S, Jung CGH, Westphal S, Klöpzig S, Waldeck P, Küpper JH, Storsberg J, Jung F. Arthrospira platensis accelerates the formation of an endothelial cell monolayer and protects against endothelial cell detachment after bacterial contamination. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2021; 78:151-161. [PMID: 33554896 DOI: 10.3233/ch-201096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Within the last years a comprehensive number of scientific studies demonstrated beneficial effect of Arthropira platensis (AP) as dietary supplement due to a high content of proteins, minerals and vitamins. Positive effects like promoting the immune system, reducing inflammation and an anti-oxidant capacity are reported. In this study, the effect of an aqueous AP extract on primary human venous endothelial cells (HUVEC) was investigated. In addition, the effect of AP on HUVEC treated with a bacterial toxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPA), inducing an activation of HUVEC and cellular detachment, was analyzed. Depending on the concentration of AP extract a significantly accelerated formation of an endothelial cell monolayer was observed. Furthermore, the detachment of HUVEC after LPA addition was dramatically reduced by AP. In conclusion, the data are promising and indicatory for an application of Arthrospira platensis in the clinical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Krüger-Genge
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research (IAP), Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - S Steinbrecht
- Institute of Biotechnology, Molecular Cell Biology, Brandenburg University of Technology, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - C G H Jung
- Institute of Biotechnology, Molecular Cell Biology, Brandenburg University of Technology, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Sophia Westphal
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research (IAP), Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Stefanie Klöpzig
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research (IAP), Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - P Waldeck
- Institute of Biotechnology, Molecular Cell Biology, Brandenburg University of Technology, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - J-H Küpper
- Institute of Biotechnology, Molecular Cell Biology, Brandenburg University of Technology, Senftenberg, Germany.,Carbon Biotech, Social Enterprise Stiftungs AG, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - J Storsberg
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research (IAP), Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - F Jung
- Institute of Biotechnology, Molecular Cell Biology, Brandenburg University of Technology, Senftenberg, Germany
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Mullenix GJ, Greene ES, Emami NK, Tellez-Isaias G, Bottje WG, Erf GF, Kidd MT, Dridi S. Spirulina platensis Inclusion Reverses Circulating Pro-inflammatory (Chemo)cytokine Profiles in Broilers Fed Low-Protein Diets. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:640968. [PMID: 34041289 PMCID: PMC8141556 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.640968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins are considered the most expensive nutrients in commercial modern broiler production, and their dietary inclusion at low levels is pivotal to minimize feed costs and reduce nitrogen waste. The quest for an environmentally friendly source of proteins that favor the formulation of low protein diets without compromising broiler health, welfare, and growth performance has become a hotspot in nutrition research. Due to its high protein content, the naturally growing Spirulina microalgae is considered a promising nutrient source. The purpose of the present study was, therefore, to determine the effects of Spirulina supplementation on liver bacterial translocation, hematological profile, and circulating inflammatory and redox markers in broilers fed a low-protein diet. One-day-old Ross 708 male broilers (n = 180) were randomly assigned into one of three experimental treatments: standard diet as a control, low protein diet, and low protein diet supplemented with 100 g/kg of Spirulina. Target molecular markers were measured in the peripheral blood circulation using real-time quantitative PCR. Reducing dietary proteins increased bacterial translocation and systemic inflammation as indicated by proportions of basophils among blood leukocytes. The expression levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-3, IL-6, IL-4, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor-α], chemokines (CCL-20), and NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome were significantly upregulated in birds fed the low protein diet compared with the control. The inclusion of Spirulina reversed these effects, which indicates that Spirulina reduces systemic inflammation- and bacterial translocation-induced by a low protein diet and could be a promising alternative protein source in poultry diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett J Mullenix
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Elizabeth S Greene
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Nima K Emami
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Guillermo Tellez-Isaias
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Walter G Bottje
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Gisela F Erf
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Michael T Kidd
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Sami Dridi
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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Elbialy ZI, Assar DH, Abdelnaby A, Asa SA, Abdelhiee EY, Ibrahim SS, Abdel-Daim MM, Almeer R, Atiba A. RETRACTED: Healing potential of Spirulina platensis for skin wounds by modulating bFGF, VEGF, TGF-ß1 and α-SMA genes expression targeting angiogenesis and scar tissue formation in the rat model. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111349. [PMID: 33567349 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. The journal was alerted to an associated PubPeer post in which suspected duplicated features were identified within Figure 4 B1, and the histological image in Figure 3 A1 appears to have been previously published in another article, as detailed here: https://pubpeer.com/publications/E5658B7B735FF993AA795A5F14C086. The journal performed independent analysis and identified additional suspected image duplications between the images of mice in Figure 1 A+B and images of mice in Figure 6 A+B from Elbialy et al., BMC Veterinary Research (2020). The journal requested the authors provide an explanation to these concerns and associated raw data, but this request was not satisfactorily fulfilled. The Editor-in-Chief assessed the case and decided to retract the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizy I Elbialy
- Fish Processing and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences and Aquaculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt.
| | - Doaa H Assar
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt.
| | - Aml Abdelnaby
- Fish Processing and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences and Aquaculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Samah Abu Asa
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Ehab Y Abdelhiee
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt
| | - Samar S Ibrahim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Rafa Almeer
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Atiba
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
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Pez Jaeschke D, Rocha Teixeira I, Damasceno Ferreira Marczak L, Domeneghini Mercali G. Phycocyanin from Spirulina: A review of extraction methods and stability. Food Res Int 2021; 143:110314. [PMID: 33992333 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Phycocyanin (C-PC) application by the industry is still limited due to extraction methods drawbacks and to the low stability of these compounds after the extraction process. To overcome such limitations, alternative extraction methodologies have been evaluated, and stabilizing agents have been used under different conditions in the past years. Therefore, the aim of this review was to bring the state of the art of C-PC extraction methods, including main parameters that affect the extraction process and cell disruption mechanisms, as well as the physical and chemical parameters that may influence C-PC stability. Stabilizing agents have been used to avoid C-PC content degradation during storage and food processing. A critical analysis of the extraction methods indicated that pulsed electric field (PEF) is a promising technology for C-PC extraction since the extracts present relative high C-PC concentration and purity. Other methods either result in low purity extracts or are time demanding. Regarding stabilizing agents, natural polymers and sugars are potential compounds to be used in food formulations to avoid color and antioxidant activity losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Pez Jaeschke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 2777, Ramiro Barcelos St., Porto Alegre, RS 90.035-007, Brazil.
| | - Ingrid Rocha Teixeira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 2777, Ramiro Barcelos St., Porto Alegre, RS 90.035-007, Brazil
| | - Ligia Damasceno Ferreira Marczak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 2777, Ramiro Barcelos St., Porto Alegre, RS 90.035-007, Brazil.
| | - Giovana Domeneghini Mercali
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 9500, Bento Gonçalves Av., Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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de Moraes Nogueira AO, Felipe Kokuszi LT, Poester Cordeiro A, Ziebell Salgado H, Costa JAV, Santos LO, de Lima VR. Spirulina sp. LEB 18-extracted phycocyanin: Effects on liposomes' physicochemical parameters and correlation with antiradical/antioxidant properties. Chem Phys Lipids 2021; 236:105064. [PMID: 33609502 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2021.105064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the physicochemical properties of soybean asolectin (ASO) liposomes loaded with phycocyanin (Phy) extracted from Spirulina sp. LEB 18. The effects of Phy in the liposomes' properties were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), zeta (ζ)-potential, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) techniques. Phy restricted the motion of ASO polar and interface groups and disrupted the package arrangement of the lipid hydrophobic regions, as a likely effect of dipolar and π interactions related to its amino acid residues and pyrrole portions. These interactions were correlated to antiradical/antioxidant Phy responses obtained by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhidrazil (DPPH) assay, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods, and discussed to bring new chemical perspectives about Phy-loaded liposomes-related nutraceutical applications in inflammatory and viral infection processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Oliveira de Moraes Nogueira
- Grupo de Investigação em Interações Moleculares em Membranas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental, Brazil; Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Brazil
| | - Lucas Thadeu Felipe Kokuszi
- Grupo de Investigação em Interações Moleculares em Membranas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jorge Alberto Vieira Costa
- Laboratório de Engenharia Bioquímica, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Vânia Rodrigues de Lima
- Grupo de Investigação em Interações Moleculares em Membranas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental, Brazil.
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Evaluation of the ameliorative effect of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) supplementation on parameters relating to lead poisoning and obesity in C57BL/6J mice. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Fratelli C, Burck M, Amarante MCA, Braga ARC. Antioxidant potential of nature's “something blue”: Something new in the marriage of biological activity and extraction methods applied to C-phycocyanin. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Pradhan B, Nayak R, Patra S, Jit BP, Ragusa A, Jena M. Bioactive Metabolites from Marine Algae as Potent Pharmacophores against Oxidative Stress-Associated Human Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2020; 26:E37. [PMID: 33374738 PMCID: PMC7793479 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to cancer and diabetes, inflammatory and ROS-related diseases represent one of the major health problems worldwide. Currently, several synthetic drugs are used to reduce oxidative stress; nevertheless, these approaches often have side effects. Therefore, to overcome these issues, the search for alternative therapies has gained importance in recent times. Natural bioactive compounds have represented, and they still do, an important source of drugs with high therapeutic efficacy. In the ''synthetic'' era, terrestrial and aquatic photosynthetic organisms have been shown to be an essential source of natural compounds, some of which might play a leading role in pharmaceutical drug development. Marine organisms constitute nearly half of the worldwide biodiversity. In the marine environment, algae, seaweeds, and seagrasses are the first reported sources of marine natural products for discovering novel pharmacophores. The algal bioactive compounds are a potential source of novel antioxidant and anticancer (through modulation of the cell cycle, metastasis, and apoptosis) compounds. Secondary metabolites in marine Algae, such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, and tannins, could have great therapeutic implications against several diseases. In this context, this review focuses on the diversity of functional compounds extracted from algae and their potential beneficial effects in fighting cancer, diabetes, and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajita Pradhan
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Brahmapur 760007, India; (B.P.); (R.N.)
| | - Rabindra Nayak
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Brahmapur 760007, India; (B.P.); (R.N.)
| | - Srimanta Patra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769001, India;
| | - Bimal Prasad Jit
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Science, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110023, India;
| | - Andrea Ragusa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- CNR-Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Mrutyunjay Jena
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Brahmapur 760007, India; (B.P.); (R.N.)
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Amarante MCAD, Braga ARC, Sala L, Moraes CC, Kalil SJ. Design strategies for C-phycocyanin purification: Process influence on purity grade. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abdullahi D, Ahmad Annuar A, Sanusi J. Improved spinal cord gray matter morphology induced by Spirulina platensis following spinal cord injury in rat models. Ultrastruct Pathol 2020; 44:359-371. [PMID: 32686973 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2020.1792597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite intense preclinical research focusing on developing potential strategies of mitigating spinal cord injury (SCI), SCI still results in permanent, debilitating symptoms for which there are currently no effective pharmacological interventions to improve the recovery of the fine ultrastructure of the spinal cord. Spirulina platensis is thought to have potential neuroprotective effects. We have previously demonstrated its protective potential on the lesioned corticospinal tracts and behavioral recovery. In this study, spirulina, known for its neuroprotective properties was used to further explore its protective effects on spinal cord gray matter ultrastructural. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were used and divided into sham group (laminectomy without SCI), control group (SCI without S. platensis), and S. platensis group (SCI + 180 mg/kg S. platensis). All animals were anesthetized via intramuscular injection. A partial crush injury was induced at the level of T12. The rats were humanely sacrificed for 28 days postinjury for ultrastructural study. There were significant mean differences with respect to pairwise comparisons between the ultrastructural grading score of neuronal perikarya of control and the S. platensis following injury at day 28, which correlates with the functional locomotor recovery at this timepoint in our previous study. The group supplemented with spirulina, thus, revealed a better improvement in the fine ultrastructure of the spinal cord gray matter when compared to the control group thereby suggesting neuroprotective potentials of spirulina in mitigating the effects of spinal cord injury and inducing functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dauda Abdullahi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Anatomy, College of Medical Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi , Bauchi, Nigeria
| | - Azlina Ahmad Annuar
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Junedah Sanusi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Abstract
This study focused on bioglea in thermal material sampled at Saturnia spa (Tuscany, Italy). Bioglea is the term used to define the thermal plankton consisting of biogenic substances that have been investigated little from the chemical and biological points of view. Bioglea is mainly formed of cyanobacteria, particularly from the Oscillatoriales subsection, and it seems to have an important role in the maturation of thermal mud for the development of organic matter. This cyanobacteria-dominated community develops in a large outdoor pool at the spa, where the spring water is collected, over the sediments, with matter floating at the surface. Throughout the year, the cyanobacterial species of bioglea were the same, but their relative abundance changed significantly. For chemical characterization an extractive method and several analytical techniques (HPLC, GC-MS, SPME) were used. We also studied the radical scavenging activity using in vitro tests (DPPH, ORAC, ABTS). We found various groups of compounds: saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, hydroxyl acids, alcohols, phenols, amino acids. Many of the compounds have already been identified in the mud, particularly the lipid component. SPME indicated several hydrocarbons (C11–C17) and long-chain alcohols (C12–C16). The qualitative composition of volatile substances identified in bioglea was very similar to that of the mud previously analysed. These results contribute to our knowledge on thermal photosynthetic community and its possible exploitation.
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