Upper tract urothelial carcinoma: Paradigm shift towards nephron sparing management

Table 1 Outcomes of ureteroscopic management of upper tract urothelial carcinoma

Ref.	n	Grade on biopsy (G1/G2/G3 vs LG/HG)	F/U (mo)	Outcomes (%)
Schmeller et al[39] (1989)	16	6/10/0	14	19 UTR, 100 OS, 100 CSS
Andersen et al[40] (1989)	10	NA	35	NA
Gaboardi et al[41] (1994)	18	12/6/0	15	50 UTR, 100 OS, 100 CSS
Engelmeyer et al[42] (1996)	10	9/1/0	10	70 UTR, 90 OS, 100 CSS
Chen et al[57] (2000)	23	22LG/21HG	23	64 UTR, 12 IVR
Daneshmand et al[43] (2003)	30	7/6/14	31	90 UTR, 23 IVR, 77 OS, 97 CSS
Matsuoka et al[44] (2003)	27	10/2/0	33	26 UTR, 15 IVR
Iborra et al[45] (2003)	23	NA	NA	35 UTR, 96 CSS
Johnson et al[46] (2005)	35	35/0/0	32	68 UTR, 100 CSS
Rouprêt et al[47] (2006)	27	19LG/8HG	52	15 UTR, 22 IVR, 77 OS, 81 CSS
Reisinger et al[48] (2007)	10	10/0/0	73	50 UTR, 70 IVR, 100 OS, 100 CSS
Krambeck et al[49] (2007)	37	2/13/7	32	62 UTR, 37 IVR, 35 OS, 70 CSS
Painter et al[50] (2008)	45	NA	NA	89 CSS
Lucas et al[51] (2008)	39	27LG/12HG	33	46 UTR, 62 OS, 82 CSS
Pak et al[36] (2009)	57	NA	53	90 UTR, 93 OS, 95 CSS
Cornu et al[52] (2010)	35	16LG/6HG	24	60 UTR, 40 IVR, 100 OS, 100 CSS
Gadzinski et al[53] (2010)	34	NA	58	84 UTR, 75 OS, 100 CSS
Cutress et al[54] (2012)	73	34/19/6	54	69 UTR, 43 IVR, 60 OS, 90 CSS
Grasso et al[55] (2012)	80	66LG/14HG	38	81 UTR, 59 IVR, 74 OS, 87 CSS
Fajkovic et al[56] (2013)	20	14LG/3HG	20	25 UTR, 15 IVR, 45 OS, 95 CSS

G1: Grade 1; G2: Grade 2; G3: Grade 3; LG: Low grade; HG: High grade; F/U: Follow up; UTR: Upper tract recurrence; IVR: Intra-vesical recurrence; OS: Overall survival; CSS: Cancer specific survival; NA: Not available.

Table 2 Outcomes of percutaneous management of upper tract urothelial carcinoma

Ref.	n	Grade on biopsy (G1/G2/G3 vs LG/HG)	F/U (mo)	Outcomes (%)
Tasca et al[58] (1992)	10	1/5/0	19	50 UTR, 90 OS, 100 CSS
Fuglsig et al[59] (1995)	26	NA	21	31 UTR, 96 OS, 100 CSS
Plancke et al[60] (1995)	10	6/3/11	28	10 UTR, 10 IVR, 90 OS, 100 CSS
Patel et al[61] (1996)	26	11/11/1	45	35 UTR, 42 IVR, 75 OS, 91 CSS
Clark et al[62] (1999)	17	6/7/4	24	33 UTR, 75 OS, 82 CSS
Goel et al[63] (2003)	20	15LG/5HG	64	65 UTR, 15 IVR, 75 CSS
Palou et al[66] (2004)	34	7/21/5	51	44 UTR, 74 OS, 94 CSS
Rouprêt et al[64] (2007)	24	17LG/7HG	62	13 UTR, 17 IVR, 79 OS, 83 CSS
Rastinehead et al[65] (2009)	89	50LG/39HG	61	33 UTR, 68 OS
Fiuk (current study)	65	34LG/33HG	28	55 OS, 87 CSS

G1: Grade 1; G2: Grade 2; G3: Grade 3; LG: Low grade; HG: High grade; F/U: Follow up; UTR: Upper tract recurrence; IVR: Intra-vesical recurrence; OS: Overall survival; CSS: Cancer specific survival; NA: Not available.