• Hemodialysis
• Meta-analysis
• Selenium

• Fibrosis renal (RF)
• Losartan
• Losartán
• Renal fibrosis (RF)
• Secuenciación del transcriptoma (ARN-seq)
• TNF
• Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq)
• UUO

• Losartan/pharmacology
• Losartan/therapeutic use
• Fibrosis
• Animals
• Signal Transduction/drug effects
• Rats
• Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
• Male
• Humans
• Ureteral Obstruction/complications
• Ureteral Obstruction/drug therapy
• Rats, Sprague-Dawley
• Kidney/pathology
• Kidney/drug effects
• Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/drug therapy
• Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/etiology

• LDL-cholesterol
• PLANET
• albuminuria
• atorvastatin
• chronic kidney disease
• drug exposure
• rosuvastatin
• statins

• Adult
• Aged
• Anticholesteremic Agents/administration & dosage
• Anticholesteremic Agents/adverse effects
• Anticholesteremic Agents/blood
• Anticholesteremic Agents/therapeutic use
• Atorvastatin/administration & dosage
• Atorvastatin/adverse effects
• Atorvastatin/blood
• Atorvastatin/therapeutic use
• Cholesterol, LDL/blood
• Creatinine/urine
• Diabetes Complications/drug therapy
• Female
• Humans
• Kidney Function Tests
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Proteinuria/epidemiology
• Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
• Rosuvastatin Calcium/administration & dosage
• Rosuvastatin Calcium/adverse effects
• Rosuvastatin Calcium/blood
• Rosuvastatin Calcium/therapeutic use

• Novo Nordisk Foundation

The recent discoveries in the fields of pathogenesis and management of diabetic nephropathy have revolutionized the knowledge about this disease. Little was added to the management of diabetic nephropathy after the introduction of renin angiotensin system blockers. The ineffective role of the renin- angiotensin system blockers in primary prevention of diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus necessitated the search for other early therapeutic interventions that target alternative pathogenic mechanisms. Among the different classes of oral hypoglycemic agents, recent studies highlighted the distinguished mechanisms of sodium glucose transporter 2 blockers and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors that settle their renoprotective actions beyond the hypoglycemic effects. The introduction of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents to this field had also added wealth of knowledge. However, many of these agents are still waiting well-designed clinical studies in order to prove their beneficial therapeutic role. The aim of this review of literature is to highlight the recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis, diagnosis, the established and the potential renoprotective therapeutic agents that would prevent the development or the progression of diabetic nephropathy.

• DPP-4 inhibitors
• Diabetic nephropathy
• Hyperfiltration
• SGLT2 inhibitors
• Type 1 diabetes
• Type 2 diabetes

Progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is inevitable. However, the last decade has witnessed tremendous achievements in this field. Today we are optimistic; the dream of withholding this progression is about to be realistic. The recent discoveries in the field of CKD management involved most of the individual diseases leading the patients to end-stage renal disease. Most of these advances involved patients suffering diabetic kidney disease, chronic glomerulonephritis, polycystic kidney disease, renal amyloidosis and chronic tubulointerstitial disease. The chronic systemic inflammatory status and increased oxidative stress were also investigated. This inflammatory status influences the anti-senescence Klotho gene expression. The role of Klotho in CKD progression together with its therapeutic value are explored. The role of gut as a major source of inflammation, the pathogenesis of intestinal mucosal barrier damage, the role of intestinal alkaline phosphatase and the dietary and therapeutic implications add a novel therapeutic tool to delay CKD progression.

• Chronic kidney disease
• Progression
• Klotho
• Amyloidosis
• Diabetic nephropathy
• Micro RNA