Mucosal COVID-19 vaccines: Risks, benefits and control of the pandemic

doi:10.5501/wjv.v11.i5.221

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Sep 25, 2022 (publication date) through Apr 24, 2024

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World Journal of Virology

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2220-3249

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Virol. Sep 25, 2022; 11(5): 221-236
Published online Sep 25, 2022. doi: 10.5501/wjv.v11.i5.221

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Figure 1 Intranasal and oral coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines promise to induce both local and systemic immune responses. ACE2: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; DCs: Dendritic cells; Mф: Macrophages; NALT: Nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue; Ig: Immunoglobulin; TMPRSS2: Transmembrane serine protease 2.

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Figure 2 Preclinical and clinical trials on intranasal/mucosal coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines. PIV5: Parainfluenza Virus 5; hPIV2: Human parainfluenza virus 2; NDV: Newcastle disease virus; VSV: Vesicular stomatitis virus; LAIV: Live attenuated influenza vaccine; RSV: Respiratory syncytial virus; COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019.

Citation: Miteva D, Peshevska-Sekulovska M, Snegarova V, Batselova H, Alexandrova R, Velikova T. Mucosal COVID-19 vaccines: Risks, benefits and control of the pandemic. World J Virol 2022; 11(5): 221-236
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3249/full/v11/i5/221.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5501/wjv.v11.i5.221