Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2016.
World J Transplant. Mar 24, 2016; 6(1): 54-68
Published online Mar 24, 2016. doi: 10.5500/wjt.v6.i1.54
Figure 1
Figure 1 Evolution of the therapeutic approaches for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis recurrence and related recent perspectives. The various treatments and their mechanisms are represented by the star shapes. CyA: Cyclosporine; PE: Plasma exchange; MMF: Mycophenolate mofetil; suPAR: Soluble form of the urokinase type plasminogen activator receptor; CYC: Cyclophosphamide; RTX: Rituximab®; IA: Immuno-adsorption; Synpo: Synaptopodine; SMLPD-3b: Sphingomyelin-phosphodiesterase-acid-like-3b protein. Note: Steroids also regulate the podocyte activity of stabilizing the actin cytoskeleton, preserving glomerular permeselectivity, and directly reducing apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.