Chronic lung allograft dysfunction post-lung transplantation: The era of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome and restrictive allograft syndrome

Figure 1 Chronic lung allograft dysfunction staging. CLAD: Chronic lung allograft dysfunction; FEV1: Forced expiratory volume in 1 second.

Figure 2 Anatomical and histopathological differences between bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome and restrictive allograft syndrome based on immune responses in transplanted lungs. BOS: Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome; CCL: CC chemokine ligand; CXCL: CXC chemokine ligand; DC: Dendritic cell; HEV: High endothelial venules; PDGF: Platelet-derived growth factor; PNAd: Peripheral node addressin; RAS: Restrictive allograft syndrome; TGF-β: Transforming growth factor beta.