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Sharara A, Badran A, Hijazi A, Albahri G, Bechelany M, Mesmar JE, Baydoun E. Comprehensive Review of Cyclamen: Development, Bioactive Properties, and Therapeutic Applications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:848. [PMID: 39065699 PMCID: PMC11279937 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants are being researched as potential sources of novel drugs, which has led to a recent acceleration in the discovery of new bioactive compounds. Research on tissue culture technology for the synthesis and processing of plant compounds has skyrocketed, surpassing all expectations. These plants can be bought either raw or as extracts, where some of the chemicals are extracted by mashing the plant in water, alcohol, or another solvent. The use of herbal medicine may open new chances for reducing the onset of infections and treating different diseases including cancer. A perennial plant that blooms in the winter, Cyclamen, is one of the most widely used potted flowers in many nations. Alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, sterols, and glycosides are the main active components of Cyclamen. Analgesic, cytotoxic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties have all been demonstrated as potential effects of various extracts of Cyclamen tubers. However, the use of this medicinal plant in official medicine will require further research in the areas of pharmacology. Furthermore, it is necessary to create standard operating procedures for a crude herbal medication. In this regard, this review aims to highlight the key characteristics of the Cyclamen plant, such as its various parts, species, stages of development, and geographic range; pinpoint its intriguing bioactivities, its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and its anti-cancerous effects; and ascertain its potential medicinal uses and the main future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Sharara
- Plateforme de Recherche et D’Analyse en Sciences de L’Environnement (EDST-PRASE), Beirut P.O. Box 6573/14, Lebanon; (A.S.); (A.H.); (G.A.)
| | - Adnan Badran
- Department of Nutrition, University of Petra, Amman P.O. Box 961343, Jordan;
| | - Akram Hijazi
- Plateforme de Recherche et D’Analyse en Sciences de L’Environnement (EDST-PRASE), Beirut P.O. Box 6573/14, Lebanon; (A.S.); (A.H.); (G.A.)
| | - Ghosoon Albahri
- Plateforme de Recherche et D’Analyse en Sciences de L’Environnement (EDST-PRASE), Beirut P.O. Box 6573/14, Lebanon; (A.S.); (A.H.); (G.A.)
| | - Mikhael Bechelany
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR-5635, University Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Place Eugene Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
- Functional Materials Group, Gulf University for Science and Technology (GUST), Mubarak Al-Abdullah 32093, Kuwait
| | - Joelle Edward Mesmar
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 110236, Lebanon;
| | - Elias Baydoun
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 110236, Lebanon;
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Challakere Ramaswamy VM, Butler T, Ton B, Wilhelm K, Mitchell PB, Knight L, Greenberg D, Ellis A, Gebski V, Schofield PW. Neuropsychiatric correlates of olfactory identification and traumatic brain injury in a sample of impulsive violent offenders. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1254574. [PMID: 37842698 PMCID: PMC10570745 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1254574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Olfactory deficits have a diverse etiology and can be detected with simple olfactory tests. Key olfactory pathways are located within the frontal and temporal lobes where they are vulnerable to damage due to head trauma. Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) integrity is important for olfaction and aspects of behavioral regulation. We measured olfactory identification ability in a sample of impulsive violent offenders to determine its associations with history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and a range of neuropsychiatric indices, including proxies for cognitive ability, impulsivity and social connectedness. Methods Male participants were drawn from the ReINVEST study, a randomized controlled trial of sertraline to reduce recidivism in violent impulsive offenders. Criteria for participation in the study included a minimum age of 18 years, a documented history of two or more violent offenses, and a score of 70 or above on the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11). The 16-item "Sniffin sticks" (SS) odor identification test (OI) was administered as were standardized questionnaires regarding previous TBI, additional measures to screen cognition [word reading test of the Wechsler Individuals Achievement Test (WIAT), social connectedness (the Duke Social Support Scale), and a range of other neuropsychiatric conditions or symptoms]. The sample SS scores were compared against published age-specific norms. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed with SS score (linear regression, within those without hyposmia) or hyposmia (logistic regression) as the outcome. Results The mean OI scores were lower than population norms and 16% of participants were classified as hyposmic. Univariate analyses showed associations of SS score with age, WIAT score, impulsivity, TBI and TBI severity, social connectedness, childhood sexual abuse, suicidality and current use of heroin. In multivariate analyses, age, TBI severity and WIAT remained as significant independent predictors of SS score (within the normosmic range) or hyposmia (logistic regression). Conclusion Olfactory performance was associated with multiple behavioral phenomena in a pattern that would be consistent with this serving as a proxy for orbitofrontal functioning. As such, OI testing may have utility in further studies of offenders. In future, we will examine whether olfactory score predicts recidivism or response to the administration of sertraline, in terms of reducing recidivism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tony Butler
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bianca Ton
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kay Wilhelm
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Lee Knight
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Greenberg
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network, Matraville, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew Ellis
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network, Matraville, NSW, Australia
| | - Val Gebski
- National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter William Schofield
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Neuropsychiatry Service, Hunter New England Mental Health, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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De Luca R, Bonanno M, Rifici C, Quartarone A, Calabrò RS. Post-traumatic olfactory dysfunction: a scoping review of assessment and rehabilitation approaches. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1193406. [PMID: 37521284 PMCID: PMC10374209 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1193406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic Olfactory Dysfunction (PTOD) consists of a complete or partial loss of olfactory function that may occur after a traumatic brain injury (TBI). PTOD may be linked to some neuropsychiatric features, such as social, cognitive and executive dysfunction, as well as behavioral symptoms, especially when TBI involves the orbito-frontal cortex. The diagnosis of PTOD is based on medical history and clinical data and it is supported by psychometric tests (i.e., subjective tools) as well as electrophysiological and neuroimaging measures (i.e., objective methods). The assessment methods allow monitoring the changes in olfactory function over time and help to establish the right therapeutic and rehabilitative approach. In this context, the use of the olfactory training (OT), which is a non-pharmacological and non-invasive treatment option, could promote olfactory function through top-down (central) and bottom-up (peripheral) processes. To better manage patients with TBI, PTOD should be detected early and properly treated using the various therapeutic rehabilitative possibilities, both conventional and advanced, also taking into consideration the emerging neuromodulation approach.
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Konstantinidis I. Managing Post-traumatic Olfactory Disorders. CURRENT OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40136-022-00431-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
This study aims to summarize and critically review recent literature on management of post-traumatic olfactory dysfunction (PTOD) with emphasis on the diagnostic procedure and treatment options.
Recent Findings
Magnetic resonance imaging and olfactory testing are the basis of the diagnostic procedure. Time of diagnosis is critical as the most improvement occurs within the first year after trauma. Olfactory training and oral steroids seem to be a relatively evidence-based therapeutic option but with non-optimal results. Surgery has a limited place in the management of PTOD. Promising future options could be the development of olfactory implants and transplantation of olfactory epithelium or stem cells.
Summary
PTOD management is challenging as it has several pathogenetic mechanisms and relatively poor prognosis. Patients with olfactory impairment and head trauma have diminished quality of life, and increased risk for harmful events and development of depression. Thus, clinicians should not only focus to therapeutic options but equally to appropriate counseling to their patients in order to decrease risks of personal injury and improve their daily life.
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Hutson K, Kumaresan K, Johnstone L, Philpott C. The use of MRI in a tertiary smell and taste clinic: lessons learned based on a retrospective analysis. Clin Otolaryngol 2022; 47:656-663. [DOI: 10.1111/coa.13968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Hutson
- European Academy Facial Plastic Surgery Fellow University Hospital Lewisham London UK
| | - Kala Kumaresan
- Clinical Research Fellow James Paget University Hospital Great Yarmouth UK
| | | | - Carl Philpott
- Norwich Medical School University of East Anglia Norwich UK
- ENT Department James Paget University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust Great Yarmouth UK
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Particulate Matter Exposure and the Changes in Immune Biomarkers: Effects of Biyeom-Go on the Nasal Mucosa of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis and a Particulate Matter-Treated Mouse Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4259669. [PMID: 35378908 PMCID: PMC8976652 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4259669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study was to investigate the effects of Biyeom-go (BYG, an herbal formula) on immune biomarkers present in the nasal mucosa of patients with allergic rhinitis under exposure to particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), and on changes in goblet cells and immune biomarkers in mice under exposure to Korea diesel particulate matter (KDP20). Thirty patients showing characteristic allergic rhinitis symptoms were enrolled in Jeonju-si, Korea, and treated with BYG thrice a day for four weeks. Changes in the expression of immune biomarkers (interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-8, IL-13, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) mRNA), total nasal symptom scores (TNSS), mini-rhinitis-specific quality of life questionnaire (RQLQ) results, and visual analog scale scores were evaluated after 4 weeks of treatment. Additionally, the difference in PM2.5 concentrations in the air in Jeonju-si, Korea (November, 2019 ∼ March, 2020), was analyzed to determine the change in TNSS. KDP20 (100 μg/mL) was exposed to C57BL/6 mice for 10 days; 0.05% Nasonex (a positive control, mometasone furoate), or BYG was administrated for 5 days twice a day. The expression of inflammatory factors was detected via qRT-PCR using nasopharynx tissue samples of mice. BYG treatment was found to be associated with significant improvement in total nasal symptoms, especially itching and sneezing (p < 0.0001), and mini-RQLQ after 4 weeks. IL-8 (p < 0.01), IL-33 (p < 0.01), and TSLP (p < 0.001) expression levels decreased after BYG treatment. In mice, administration of BYG reduced the number of goblet cells increased through KDP20 treatment. KDP20-induced immune biomarkers (IL-33, TSLP, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and IL-8) were also significantly downregulated in the nasopharynx tissue after BYG treatment. Therefore, BYG may show therapeutic effects against allergic rhinitis in humans, and it was confirmed that the expression of PM-induced inflammatory factors in mice was decreased via BYG treatment.
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Logan M, Kapoor S, Peterson L, Oliveira M, Han DY. Mechanism of olfactory deficit in neurotrauma and its related affective distress: A narrative review. World J Psychiatry 2021; 11:1259-1266. [PMID: 35070775 PMCID: PMC8717038 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v11.i12.1259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is among the leading causes of death and disability all over the globe. TBI is also commonly associated with clinical sequelae of posttraumatic depression, and reports of other subsequent affective distress are common. Similarly, posttraumatic changes in chemoreceptive sensory functions, primarily due to coup-contrecoup injury induced shearing of the olfactory nerve fibers, leading to anosmia and ageusia are also well documented in the literature. However, the current literature is limited in addressing the intersections between said variables. The aim of this study was to provide a focused narrative review of the literature, to address these intersections found in clinical sequelae of TBI. As chemoreceptive sensory deficits are also linked to significant affective distress of their own, this review addresses the bidirectionality between sensory deficit and affective distress. Prevalence, demographics, mechanisms, and clinical implications are presented. Previous research is presented and discussed, in an effort to highlight the importance of consideration for all factors in TBI patient care and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Logan
- Department of Neurology, UK HealthCare, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Siddharth Kapoor
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Luke Peterson
- Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States
| | - Martin Oliveira
- Department of Neuropsychology, Neuro Health of Connecticut, West Hartford, CT 06107, United States
| | - Dong Y Han
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
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Fokkens WJ, Landis BN, Hopkins C, Reitsma S, Sedaghat AR. Rhinology in review: from COVID-19 to biologicals. Rhinology 2021; 59:490-500. [PMID: 34812433 DOI: 10.4193/rhin21.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We look back at the end of what soon will be seen as an historic year, from COVID-19 to real-world introduction of biologicals influencing the life of our patients. This review describes the important findings in Rhinology over the past year. A large body of evidence now demonstrates loss of sense of smell to be one of the most common symptoms of COVID-19 infection; a meta-analysis of 3563 patients found the mean prevalence of self-reported loss to be 47%. A number of studies have now shown long-term reduced loss of smell and parosmia. Given the high numbers of people affected by COVID-19, even with the best reported recovery rates, a significant number worldwide will be left with severe olfactory dysfunction. The most prevalent causes for olfactory dysfunction, besides COVID-19 and upper respiratory tract infections in general, are trauma and CRSwNP. For these CRSwNP patients a bright future seems to be starting with the development of treatment with biologics. This year the Nobel prize in Medicine 2021 was awarded jointly to David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch which has greatly enhanced our understanding of nasal hyperreactivity and understanding of intranasal trigeminal function. Finally, a new definition of chronic rhinitis has been proposed in the last year and we have seen many papers emphasizing the importance of endotyping patients in chronic rhinitis and rhinosinusitis in order to optimise treatment effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Fokkens
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B N Landis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Hopkins
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - S Reitsma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A R Sedaghat
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Kamrava SK, Tavakol Z, Talebi A, Farhadi M, Jalessi M, Hosseini SF, Amini E, Chen B, Hummel T, Alizadeh R. A study of depression, partnership and sexual satisfaction in patients with post-traumatic olfactory disorders. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20218. [PMID: 34642400 PMCID: PMC8511173 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99627-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic olfactory dysfunction (PTOD) is associated with a significant decrease in quality of life. The present study aimed to explore whether PTOD is associated with depression and changes in sexuality. There were two groups in this case-control study. The patient group consisted of patients with PTOD (n = 55), and the control group comprised healthy individuals without the olfactory disorder (n = 115). Olfactory function, depression, partnership, and sexual satisfaction were assessed using the Iranian version of the Sniffin' Sticks test (Ir-SST), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Enrich Couple Scale (ECS) and Sexual Satisfaction Scale for Women (SSSW). The BDI scores were higher in the patient group than in the control group (p < 0.001). The SSSW score was lower in the patient group than in controls (p < 0.01), although the ECS score was not significantly different between patients and controls. Also, there was no significant difference in the severity of trauma between marital satisfaction and sexual satisfaction. However, the analysis showed a statistically significant difference in depression scores in connection with the head trauma severity. In the PTOD group, depression was increased and sexual satisfaction declined. Understanding the association of olfactory dysfunction with depression and sexuality allows patients and doctors to deal with less notable consequences of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Kamran Kamrava
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Tavakol
- Community-Oriented Nursing Midwifery Research Center, Nursing and Midwifery School, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Atefeh Talebi
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farhadi
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Jalessi
- Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Fahimeh Hosseini
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Amini
- Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ben Chen
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell and Taste Clinic, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell and Taste Clinic, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rafieh Alizadeh
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Huang T, Wei Y, Wu D. Effects of olfactory training on posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2021; 11:1102-1112. [PMID: 33486898 PMCID: PMC8358954 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction is a clinical challenge due to refractory characteristics and limited therapeutic options. Olfactory training has been proved to be effective for olfactory dysfunction with varied etiologies. We pooled existing studies to evaluate the effects of olfactory training in patients with posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction. METHODS A systematic literature review using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science was conducted to identify studies assessing olfactory change in patients with posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction after olfactory training. RESULTS Of the initial 812 abstracts reviewed, 13 full-text articles were included. Clinically significant results after olfactory training were defined as an improvement of threshold, discrimination, and identification (TDI) score ≥6 or University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) score ≥4. Six studies were included in the meta-analysis, 36.31% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28 to 0.45) of posttraumatic patients would achieve clinically significant results after olfactory training with a mean increase of TDI score of 4.61. CONCLUSION Olfactory training might be a promising modality for the treatment of posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction. More high-quality studies with controls are needed to clarify the effect of olfactory training on total olfactory performance and subcomponents of olfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Smell and Taste Center, Beijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yongxiang Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology, Smell and Taste Center, Beijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Dawei Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Smell and Taste Center, Beijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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Altundag A, Saatci O, Kandemirli SG, Sanli DET, Duz OA, Sanli AN, Yildirim D. Imaging Features to Predict Response to Olfactory Training in Post-Traumatic Olfactory Dysfunction. Laryngoscope 2021; 131:E2243-E2250. [PMID: 33449371 DOI: 10.1002/lary.29392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Prognosis of post-traumatic olfactory dysfunction is poor, with medical treatment options showing limited success rates. Olfactory training (OT) has been introduced as a potential therapeutic option in olfactory dysfunction. We aimed to identify the imaging features that would predict a better response to OT and create an imaging-based prognostic scale. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 52 patients that underwent OT at our center for post-traumatic olfactory dysfunction. Olfactory functions at the time of initial presentation and at completion of OT were evaluated using Sniffin' Sticks test and threshold discrimination identification (TDI) scores were calculated. Patients were divided into responders (ROT group: 16 cases) and non-responders (n-ROT group: 36 cases) to OT based on TDI score change (cut-off 5.5 point). Morphological measurements of olfactory fossa, olfactory bulb volume and signal abnormalities, olfactory nerve filia integrity, siderosis, encephalomalacic changes in olfactory cortex, and other cortical regions were reviewed. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, gender distribution, olfactory dysfunction duration, head-trauma severity, and initial TDI scores. A model incorporating five variables: cribriform plate fracture, olfactory fossa depth (cut-off: 4.9 mm), olfactory bulb encephalomalacia, olfactory bulb volume (cut-off: 27.1 mm3 ), and siderosis was developed. This model had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.950, and a cut-off value of 1 had 76.5% sensitivity and 97.1% specificity in prediction of response to OT. CONCLUSIONS We developed an imaging-based scoring system with good specificity that can be used as an adjunctive tool for patient counseling, and optimal selection of management options. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 131:E2243-E2250, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aytug Altundag
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Saatci
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Istanbul Sancaktepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Deniz E T Sanli
- Department of Radiology, Acibadem Kozyatagi Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozge A Duz
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet N Sanli
- Department of General Surgery, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Duzgun Yildirim
- Department of Radiology, Acibadem Taksim Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Marin C, Langdon C, Alobid I, Mullol J. Olfactory Dysfunction in Traumatic Brain Injury: the Role of Neurogenesis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2020; 20:55. [PMID: 32648230 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-020-00949-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Olfactory functioning disturbances are common following traumatic brain injury (TBI) having a significant impact on quality of life. A spontaneous recovery of the olfactory function over time may occur in TBI patients. Although there is no standard treatment for patients with posttraumatic olfactory loss, olfactory training (OT) has shown some promise beneficial effects. However, the mechanisms underlying spontaneous recovery and olfactory improvement induced by OT are not completely known. RECENT FINDINGS The spontaneous recovery of the olfactory function and the improvement of olfactory function after OT have recently been associated with an increase in subventricular (SVZ) neurogenesis and an increase in olfactory bulb (OB) glomerular dopaminergic (DAergic) interneurons. In addition, after OT, an increase in electrophysiological responses at the olfactory epithelium (OE) level has been reported, indicating that recovery of olfactory function not only affects olfactory processing at the central level, but also at peripheral level. However, the role of OE stem cells in the spontaneous recovery and in the improvement of olfactory function after OT in TBI is still unknown. In this review, we describe the physiology of the olfactory system, and the olfactory dysfunction after TBI. We highlight the possible role for the SVZ neurogenesis and DAergic OB interneurons in the recovery of the olfactory function. In addition, we point out the relevance of the OE neurogenesis process as a future target for the research in the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the olfactory dysfunction in TBI. The potential of basal stem cells as a promising candidate for replacement therapies is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepció Marin
- INGENIO, IRCE, Department 2B, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. .,Centre for Biomedical Investigation in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Cristóbal Langdon
- INGENIO, IRCE, Department 2B, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Investigation in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain.,Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Isam Alobid
- INGENIO, IRCE, Department 2B, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Investigation in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain.,Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joaquim Mullol
- INGENIO, IRCE, Department 2B, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. .,Centre for Biomedical Investigation in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain. .,Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Pellegrino R, Han P, Reither N, Hummel T. Effectiveness of olfactory training on different severities of posttraumatic loss of smell. Laryngoscope 2019; 129:1737-1743. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.27832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Pellegrino
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Dresden University of Technology; Dresden Germany
- Department of Food Science; Institute of Agriculture, University of Tennessee; Knoxville Tennessee U.S.A
| | - Pengfei Han
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Dresden University of Technology; Dresden Germany
| | - Nicole Reither
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Dresden University of Technology; Dresden Germany
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Dresden University of Technology; Dresden Germany
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14
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Schofield PW, Doty RL. The influence of head injury on olfactory and gustatory function. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2019; 164:409-429. [PMID: 31604560 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63855-7.00023-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Head injury, particularly that resulting in brain injury, is a significant public health concern. For example, annual incidence rates of traumatic brain injury, a common consequence of head injury, range from 54 to 60 million people worldwide, including 2.2-3.6 million people whose trauma is moderate to severe. Trauma to the face and brain, including blast injuries common in modern warfare, can result in alterations in the ability to both smell and taste. In the case of smell, these include total loss of function (anosmia), decreased sensitivity (hyposmia), alterations in odor quality (dysosmia), and hallucination (phantosmia). Although taste dysfunction, i.e., altered perception of such basic taste-bud-mediated sensations as sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and savory (umami), can be similarly influenced by head trauma, the effects are typically more subtle and less studied. The present review provides an up-to-date assessment of what is known about the impact of head injury on quantitative measures of taste and smell function, including the influences of severity, type of injury, location of insults, prognosis, and approaches to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Schofield
- Neuropsychiatry Service, Hunter New England Local Health District and Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
| | - Richard L Doty
- Smell and Taste Center and Department of Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Han P, Winkler N, Hummel C, Hähner A, Gerber J, Hummel T. Alterations of Brain Gray Matter Density and Olfactory Bulb Volume in Patients with Olfactory Loss after Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:2632-2640. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Han
- Interdisciplinary Center on Smell and Taste, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicole Winkler
- Interdisciplinary Center on Smell and Taste, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Cornelia Hummel
- Interdisciplinary Center on Smell and Taste, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Antje Hähner
- Interdisciplinary Center on Smell and Taste, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Hummel
- Interdisciplinary Center on Smell and Taste, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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16
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Impaired brain response to odors in patients with varied severity of olfactory loss after traumatic brain injury. J Neurol 2018; 265:2322-2332. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-018-9003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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Langdon C, Lehrer E, Berenguer J, Laxe S, Alobid I, Quintó L, Mariño-Sánchez F, Bernabeu M, Marin C, Mullol J. Olfactory Training in Post-Traumatic Smell Impairment: Mild Improvement in Threshold Performances: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:2641-2652. [PMID: 29790420 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) can be associated with partial or total smell loss. Recent studies have suggested that olfactory outcome can be positively modulated after olfactory training (OT). This study's aim was to investigate OT's potential role in smell recovery after TBI-induced olfactory loss. A prospective, randomized, and controlled study was developed. Patients with TBI-induced olfactory dysfunction (n = 42) were randomized into an experimental group with OT and a control group without (nOT). OT was performed twice daily with a six odor training set during 12 weeks. Olfactory loss was assessed using subjective olfactometry (Barcelona Smell Test [BAST] 24), a visual analogue scale (VAS), and n-butanol threshold (n-BTt) at baseline at 4, 12, and 24 weeks. Additionally, patients underwent MRI of the olfactory brain and olfactory bulbs (OB). Based on the MRI results, an overall score (0-16) was developed to associate the structural neurological damage with olfactory outcomes. The primary outcome was the change in olfactory measurements (VAS and BAST-24) between baseline and 12 weeks. The secondary outcome was the association of the MRI score with olfactory outcomes at baseline, and the impact on quality of life (QoL). After 12 weeks of training, OT patients showed a significant improvement in n-BTt (0.6 ± 1.7 OT vs. -0.6 ± 1.8 nOT, p < 0.05), but not in the smell VAS and BAST-24 scores. Olfactory outcomes (VAS, BAST-24, and n-BTt) were significantly associated with MRI structural findings (p < 0.001), but not with the OB volume or olfactory sulcus length. The present study suggests that 12 weeks of OT mildly improves the olfactory threshold in TBI, whereas the overall MRI score may be used as an imaging marker of olfactory dysfunction and disease severity in TBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristóbal Langdon
- 1 Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clínic , Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain .,2 Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy (IRCE), August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS) , Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Lehrer
- 1 Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clínic , Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain .,2 Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy (IRCE), August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS) , Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan Berenguer
- 2 Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy (IRCE), August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS) , Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain .,3 Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Radiology and Imaging Diagnostic Center, Hospital Clínic , Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sara Laxe
- 4 Brain Injury Unit, Guttmann Institute Foundation and Neurorehabilitation Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona , Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain .,5 Germans Trias i Pujol Science Health Institute Foundation , Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Isam Alobid
- 1 Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clínic , Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain .,2 Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy (IRCE), August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS) , Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain .,6 Center for Biomedical Research Network in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES) , Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Llorenç Quintó
- 7 Barcelona Institute of Global Health, Hospital Clínic - University of Barcelona , Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Franklin Mariño-Sánchez
- 2 Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy (IRCE), August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS) , Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain .,6 Center for Biomedical Research Network in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES) , Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Montserrat Bernabeu
- 4 Brain Injury Unit, Guttmann Institute Foundation and Neurorehabilitation Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona , Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain .,5 Germans Trias i Pujol Science Health Institute Foundation , Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Concepció Marin
- 2 Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy (IRCE), August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS) , Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joaquim Mullol
- 1 Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clínic , Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain .,2 Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy (IRCE), August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS) , Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain .,7 Barcelona Institute of Global Health, Hospital Clínic - University of Barcelona , Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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18
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Marin C, Laxe S, Langdon C, Berenguer J, Lehrer E, Mariño-Sánchez F, Alobid I, Bernabeu M, Mullol J. Olfactory function in an excitotoxic model for secondary neuronal degeneration: Role of dopaminergic interneurons. Neuroscience 2017; 364:28-44. [PMID: 28918258 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Secondary neuronal degeneration (SND) occurring in Traumatic brain injury (TBI) consists in downstream destructive events affecting cells that were not or only marginally affected by the initial wound, further increasing the effects of the primary injury. Glutamate excitotoxicity is hypothesized to play an important role in SND. TBI is a common cause of olfactory dysfunction that may be spontaneous and partially recovered. The role of the glutamate excitotoxicity in the TBI-induced olfactory dysfunction is still unknown. We investigated the effects of excitotoxicity induced by bilateral N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) OB administration in the olfactory function, OB volumes, and subventricular zone (SVZ) and OB neurogenesis in rats. NMDA OB administration induced a decrease in the number of correct choices in the olfactory discrimination tests one week after lesions (p<0.01), and a spontaneous recovery of the olfactory deficit two weeks after lesions (p<0.05). A lack of correlation between OB volumes and olfactory function was observed. An increase in SVZ neurogenesis (Ki67+ cells, PSANCAM+ cells (p<0.01) associated with an increase in OB glomerular dopaminergic immunostaining (p<0.05) were related to olfactory function recovery. The present results show that changes in OB volumes cannot explain the recovery of the olfactory function and suggest a relevant role for dopaminergic OB interneurons in the pathophysiology of recovery of loss of smell in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepció Marin
- INGENIO, IRCE, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Sara Laxe
- Brain Injury Unit, Guttmann-Institut-Hospital for Neurorehabilitation adscript UAB, Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Cristobal Langdon
- Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Investigation in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Spain
| | - Joan Berenguer
- Neuroradiology Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Lehrer
- Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Franklin Mariño-Sánchez
- Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Investigation in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Spain
| | - Isam Alobid
- Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Investigation in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Spain
| | - Montserrat Bernabeu
- Brain Injury Unit, Guttmann-Institut-Hospital for Neurorehabilitation adscript UAB, Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joaquim Mullol
- INGENIO, IRCE, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Investigation in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Spain
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19
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Bonanno L, Marino S, De Salvo S, Ciurleo R, Costa A, Bruschetta D, Milardi D, Galletti F, Bramanti P, Caminiti F. Role of diffusion tensor imaging in the diagnosis and management of post-traumatic anosmia. Brain Inj 2017; 31:1964-1968. [DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2017.1346293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lilla Bonanno
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi ‘Bonino-Pulejo’, Messina, Italy
| | - Silvia Marino
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi ‘Bonino-Pulejo’, Messina, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonio Costa
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi ‘Bonino-Pulejo’, Messina, Italy
| | - Daniele Bruschetta
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Demetrio Milardi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Galletti
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult Evolutionary Age ‘Gaetano Barresi’, Messina, Italy
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20
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Kim SW, Park B, Lee TG, Kim JY. Olfactory Dysfunction in Nasal Bone Fracture. Arch Craniofac Surg 2017; 18:92-96. [PMID: 28913314 PMCID: PMC5556903 DOI: 10.7181/acfs.2017.18.2.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND All nasal bone fractures have the potential for worsening of olfactory function. However, few studies have studied the olfactory outcomes following reduction of nasal bone fractures. This study evaluates posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction in patients with nasal bone fracture before and after closed reduction. METHODS A prospective study was conducted for all patients presenting with nasal bone fracture (n=97). Each patient consenting to the study underwent the Korean version of Sniffin' Sticks test (KVSS II) before operation and at 6 month after closed reduction. The nasal fractures were divided according to the nasal bone fracture classification by Haug and Prather (Types I-IV). The olfactory scores were compared across fracture types and between preoperative and postoperative settings. RESULTS Olfactory dysfunction was frequent after nasal fracture (45/97, 46.4%). Our olfactory assessment using the KVSS II test revealed that fracture reduction was not associated with improvements in the mean test score in Type I or Type II fractures. More specifically, the mean posttraumatic Threshold, discrimination and identification score decreased from 28.8 points prior to operation to 23.1 point at 6 months for Type II fracture with septal fracture. CONCLUSION Our study has revealed two alarming trends regarding post-nasal fracture olfactory dysfunction. First, our study demonstrated that almost half (46.4%) of nasal fracture patients experience posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction. Second, closed reduction of these fractures does not lead to improvements olfaction at 6 months, which suggest that olfactory dysfunction is probably due to factors other than the fracture itself. The association should be further explored between injuries that lead to nasal fracture and the mechanism behind posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sug Won Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Beom Park
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Tae Geun Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Ji Ye Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
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21
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Cerebral metabolic changes related to clinical parameters in idiopathic anosmic patients during olfactory stimulation: a pilot investigation. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 274:2649-2655. [PMID: 28283789 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-017-4524-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic olfactory loss neural consequences have been studied especially by means of magnetic resonance imaging. Since other functional neuroimaging technique findings are lacking in the literature, present study used a validated 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) functional positron emission tomography procedure under olfactory stimulation (OS) to assess brain changes in idiopathic anosmic patients (IAPs) in comparison with healthy subjects (HS). A voxel-based analysis between these groups was used to evaluate FDG uptake in the brain and perform a correlation analysis between metabolic responses and the Sniffin' stick test as well as intensity visuo-analogue scores and disease duration (DD). A significant relative decrease of glucose metabolism in the right and left frontal lobes, left insula, right parietal lobe, and left occipital, temporal and parietal lobes was found in IAPs during OS. The same condition resulted in a relative higher glucose metabolism in the right cerebellum in IAPs. Moreover, a negative correlation between DD and FDG uptake in the left temporo-parietal joint was found in IAPs. Such a correlation suggested a possible involvement of this area metabolic decrease in self-consciousness impairment, which is known to affect IAPs. Present preliminary functional results could be of interest to further deepen such neural impairments possibly useful for future perspective in pharmaceutical and rehabilitative protocols.
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22
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23
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Bakker K, Catroppa C, Anderson V. Recovery of Olfactory Function following Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: A Longitudinal Follow-Up. J Neurotrauma 2016; 33:777-83. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2015.4075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Bakker
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Victorian Paediatric Rehabilitation Service, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cathy Catroppa
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Psychology Department, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vicki Anderson
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Psychology Department, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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24
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Frasnelli J, Laguë-Beauvais M, LeBlanc J, Alturki A, Champoux M, Couturier C, Anderson K, Lamoureux J, Marcoux J, Tinawi S, Dagher J, Maleki M, Feyz M, de Guise E. Olfactory function in acute traumatic brain injury. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2016; 140:68-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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25
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Risk of decline and chance of improvement in olfaction among patients with post-traumatic olfactory loss. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2015; 129:1201-7. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022215115002911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjective:To evaluate the chance of improvement and risk of decline in olfaction among patients with post-traumatic olfactory loss.Methods:This study comprised 80 patients. Changes in olfaction were determined using a visual analogue scale and the ‘Sniffin’ Sticks' test. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors for olfactory changes.Results:Olfactory changes were observed in 9–35 per cent of patients. The rates of improvement and decline according to visual analogue scale scores were 35 per cent and 10 per cent respectively, whereas those in the Sniffin’ Sticks test were 9 per cent and 11 per cent respectively. There was a predictive link between non-anosmia and decline in Sniffin’ Sticks test scores (odds ratio = 16.61,p= 0.003). A positive correlation was observed between the scores in the first and last examinations (rho = 0.532,p< 0.001).Conclusion:Patients should be informed that they may experience an improvement or decline in olfaction following post-traumatic olfactory dysfunction. This study provides evidence to support comprehensive counselling regarding prognosis as an integral part of management strategies.
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26
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Posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction. Auris Nasus Larynx 2015; 43:137-43. [PMID: 26441369 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Impairment of smell may occur following injury to any portion of the olfactory tract, from nasal cavity to brain. A thorough understanding of the anatomy and pathophysiology combined with comprehensively obtained history, physical exam, olfactory testing, and neuroimaging may help to identify the mechanism of dysfunction and suggest possible treatments. Although most olfactory deficits are neuronal mediated and therefore currently unable to be corrected, promising technology may provide novel treatment options for those most affected. Until that day, patient counseling with compensatory strategies and reassurance is essential for the maintenance of safety and QoL in this unique and challenging patient population.
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27
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Influence of random answers on interpretation of the Sniffin’ Stick identification test in nasal polyposis. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2015; 132:13-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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28
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Caminiti F, Ciurleo R, De Salvo S, Bramanti P, Marino S. Post-traumatic olfactory loss: Psychophysical, electrophysiological and neuroradiological findings in three single case studies. Brain Inj 2014; 28:1776-80. [DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2014.945960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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29
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Schriever VA, Studt F, Smitka M, Grosser K, Hummel T. Olfactory Function After Mild Head Injury in Children. Chem Senses 2014; 39:343-7. [DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bju005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Schofield PW, Moore TM, Gardner A. Traumatic brain injury and olfaction: a systematic review. Front Neurol 2014; 5:5. [PMID: 24478752 PMCID: PMC3897870 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2014.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common condition that is often complicated by neuropsychiatric sequelae that can have major impacts on function and quality of life. An alteration in the sense of smell is recognized as a relatively common complication of TBI; however in clinical practice, this complication may not be sought or adequately characterized. We conducted a systematic review of studies concerned with olfactory functioning following TBI. Our predetermined criteria led to the identification of 25 studies published in English, which we examined in detail. We have tabulated the data from these studies in eight separate tables, beginning with Table 1, which highlights each study’s key findings, and we provide a summary/synthesis of the findings in the accompanying results and discussion sections. Despite widely differing methodologies, the studies attest to a high frequency of post-TBI olfactory dysfunction and indicate that its presence can serve as a potential marker of additional structural or functional morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter William Schofield
- Neuropsychiatry Service, Hunter New England Mental Health , Newcastle, NSW , Australia ; Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Newcastle , Newcastle, NSW , Australia
| | - Tammie Maree Moore
- Neuropsychiatry Service, Hunter New England Mental Health , Newcastle, NSW , Australia
| | - Andrew Gardner
- Neuropsychiatry Service, Hunter New England Mental Health , Newcastle, NSW , Australia ; Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Newcastle , Newcastle, NSW , Australia
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31
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Caminiti F, Ciurleo R, Bramanti P, Marino S. Persistent anosmia in a traumatic brain injury patient: Role of orbitofrontal cortex. Brain Inj 2013; 27:1715-8. [DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2013.823667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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32
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The impact and prospect of traumatic brain injury on olfactory function: a cross-sectional and prospective study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 271:1533-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-013-2687-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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33
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Keller A, Malaspina D. Hidden consequences of olfactory dysfunction: a patient report series. BMC EAR, NOSE, AND THROAT DISORDERS 2013; 13:8. [PMID: 23875929 PMCID: PMC3733708 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6815-13-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The negative consequences of olfactory dysfunction for the quality of life are not widely appreciated and the condition is therefore often ignored or trivialized. METHODS 1,000 patients with olfactory dysfunction participated in an online study by submitting accounts of their subjective experiences of how they have been affected by their condition. In addition, they were given the chance to answer 43 specific questions about the consequences of their olfactory dysfunction. RESULTS Although there are less practical problems associated with impaired or distorted odor perception than with impairments in visual or auditory perception, many affected individuals report experiencing olfactory dysfunction as a debilitating condition. Smell loss-induced social isolation and smell loss-induced anhedonia can severely affect quality of life. CONCLUSIONS Olfactory dysfunction is a serious condition for those affected by it and it deserves more attention from doctors who treat affected patients as well as from scientist who research treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Keller
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Behavior, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dolores Malaspina
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Creedmoor Psychiatric Center, New York State Office of Mental Health, New York, NY, USA
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