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Kim W, Kim J, Cho H, Gillis K. Suicide Involving Intimate Partner Problems Among Immigrants in the United States. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2025:8862605251322819. [PMID: 40017458 DOI: 10.1177/08862605251322819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2025]
Abstract
Individuals facing intimate partner problems (IPP) often experience mental health issues, including suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Immigration status may increase risk due to the stress of acculturation and barriers to health care affecting immigrants. This study aims to identify patterns of risk factors among immigrants who died by suicide while experiencing IPP and explore variations in patterns by sociodemographic characteristics and suicide contexts. Data includes 17 waves of the NVDRS from 2003 to 2019, which includes 3,177 immigrants facing IPP. Latent class analysis identified distinct groups based on their mental health status, substance use, and treatment history preceding suicide. Variations by demographic and suicidal contexts across groups were subsequently analyzed. Three-class solutions emerged: the group with reports of mental health problems (MH; 26.6%), the group with alcohol problems and substance use (AS; 6.5%), and the group that had neither (minor problems, MIN; 66.9%). The MH group comprised more females, Asians, and individuals with a college education, while the AS group had more males, Hispanics, and individuals with a high school education or less. The MH group tended to use poisoning as a suicide method more, whereas the MIN group used firearms more. The MH group also exhibited the highest prevalence of suicide attempts. In addition, the MH and AS groups had a history of suicidal thoughts and disclosed their suicidal ideation more than the MIN group. These findings underscore the distinct risk factors experienced by immigrants with IPP, associated with their demographic and suicidal event characteristics precipitating their suicidality, suggesting opportunities for targeted prevention efforts to mitigate such suicides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hyunkag Cho
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
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Rouzrokh P, Abbasi Feijani F, Moshiri Y, Ghahramani S, Bagheri Lankarani K. The Pooled Prevalence of Attributed Factors of Suicide in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. ARCHIVES OF IRANIAN MEDICINE 2025; 28:44-60. [PMID: 40001329 PMCID: PMC11862400 DOI: 10.34172/aim.31276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 10/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide poses a critical global public health concern, and distinguishing between suicides and suicide attempts underscores the need for targeted interventions. This investigation aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of factors contributing to suicide in Iran, including socio-economic, demographic, and geographical factors. METHODS A systematic search was conducted across Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, SID, Magiran, Elmnet, ISC, Irandoc, and Noormags databases up to July 2023. We included primary observational studies of acceptable quality that examined the prevalence of factors contributing to suicide in Iranian regions. The findings were screened for eligibility and quality, followed by a review of selected articles, from which data were extracted and analyzed. RESULTS Out of 1646 initial articles, 68 were selected for review and 54 for meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence rates of contributing factors were calculated as follows: male gender (64.3, 95% CI: 62.6‒66.0%), age over 25 (57.9%, 95% CI: 51.0‒64.5%), under diploma education (73.4%, 95% CI: 62.1‒82.3%), employment issues (66.4%, 95% CI: 59.7‒72.5%), urban living (61.7%, 95% CI: 53.8‒69.1%), past medical history (8.5%, 95% CI: 4.9‒14.2%), past psychiatric history (20.7%, 95% CI: 15.5‒27.1%), past suicidal attempt (12.2%, 95% CI: 8.5‒17.0%), substance abuse history (28.4%, 95% CI: 20.1‒38.3%), spring season (29.8%, 95% CI: 26.7‒33%), and hanging method (46.1%, 95% CI: 41.6‒50.6%). Significant regional differences were observed in the prevalence of gender, age, and suicide methods between western and non-western areas. CONCLUSION This study describes key factors of suicides in Iran. Despite higher rates among those over 25, many young individuals are affected. Urban living and low educational attainment are significant factors. Moreover, notable regional differences were observed in gender, age, and suicide methods between western and non-western areas. These findings highlight the need for additional research related to record-keeping challenges and can guide Iranian health policymakers in developing strategies for screening and treating vulnerable individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parsa Rouzrokh
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Abbasi Feijani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Yeganeh Moshiri
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sulmaz Ghahramani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kamran Bagheri Lankarani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Men VY, Chan PPM, Schaffer A, Sanchez Morales D, Steinberg R, Mitchell RH, Sinyor M. Suicide by different methods in Toronto: A quantitative study examining of 23-years of coronial records. J Affect Disord 2024; 366:283-289. [PMID: 39187206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
The objective of the study is to understand the characteristics of people who died by different suicide methods in Toronto, Canada. Suicide cases were identified by the Office of the Chief Coroner of Ontario (1998-2020). Demographic and clinical variables were retrieved. All suicide deaths were classified into different groups based on suicide method. Bivariate analyses and multinomial logistic regressions were performed to compare their demographic and clinical characteristics. Hanging (N = 1721), jumping from height (N = 1280), and poisoning (N = 955) were the most common suicide methods in Toronto. Those who died by hanging were more likely to be married or in common law relationships, live with others, experience employment/financial/academic-related stressors and die at home. People who died by jumping from height had a higher likelihood of having a psychiatric and/or emergency department visit in the past week and having schizophrenia or related disorders/symptoms. People who died by poisoning had higher odds of being female and leaving suicide notes. They were also more likely to have previous suicide attempts, experience depression and/or bipolar disorder and have physical conditions. Specific suicide prevention strategies should be designed and implemented to account both for commonalities and differences among people who die by different suicide methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Yu Men
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Ayal Schaffer
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Rosalie Steinberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rachel Hana Mitchell
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mark Sinyor
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Matinnia N, Alafchi B, Haddadi A, Ghaleiha A, Davari H, Karami M, Taslimi Z, Afkhami MR, Yazdi-Ravandi S. Anticipating influential factors on suicide outcomes through machine learning techniques: Insights from a suicide registration program in western Iran. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 100:104183. [PMID: 39079418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Suicide is a global public health concern, with increasing rates observed in various regions, including Iran. This study focuses on the province of Hamadan, Iran, where suicide rates have been on the rise. The research aims to predict factors influencing suicide outcomes by leveraging machine learning techniques on the Hamadan Suicide Registry Program data collected from 2016 to 2017. The study employs Naïve Bayes and Random Forest algorithms, comparing their performance to logistic regression. Results highlight the superiority of the Random Forest model. Based on the variable importance and multiple logistic regression analyses, the most important determinants of suicide outcomes were identified as suicide method, age, and timing of attempts, income, and motivation. The findings emphasize the cultural context's impact on suicide methods and underscore the importance of tailoring prevention programs to address specific risk factors, especially for older individuals. This study contributes valuable insights for suicide prevention efforts in the region, advocating for context-specific interventions and further research to refine predictive models and develop targeted prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Matinnia
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Behnaz Alafchi
- Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Arya Haddadi
- Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Ali Ghaleiha
- Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hasan Davari
- Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Manochehr Karami
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Zahra Taslimi
- Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Islamic Republic of Iran; Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Afkhami
- Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Saeid Yazdi-Ravandi
- Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Tu JH, Lu Y, Yue ZC, Ling KN, Xing YR, Chen DD, Zhu ZR, Chen TX. Suicidal incidence and gender-based discrepancies in prolonged grief disorder: insights from a meta-analysis and systematic review. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1427486. [PMID: 39211541 PMCID: PMC11358064 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1427486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In the aftermath of bereavement, our research explores the subtleties of Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD), focusing particularly on its correlation with suicidal behaviors and their variation across genders. This study seeks to elucidate the impact of gender on these behaviors among individuals suffering from PGD, thereby enhancing our understanding and facilitating the development of tailored therapeutic interventions. Methods By November 24th, 2023, we had rigorously reviewed key databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and Embase. Independently, two researchers conducted detailed interviews and filled out questionnaires with participants to gather demographic information and record instances of prolonged grief disorder. The study also meticulously tracked occurrences of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, suicide deaths, and self-injury among the participants. Results The findings indicate that 22.34% of males reported suicidal ideation (95% CI: 21.33-23.35), a figure that rises to 26.84% among females (95% CI: 25.99-27.69). Notably, 12.11% of males attempted suicide (95% CI: 11.49-12.72), marginally surpassing the 9.60% observed in females (95% CI: 9.17-10.04). More striking disparities were observed in suicide deaths, with rates for males at 3.66% (95% CI: 3.32-4.00) compared to a notably higher 7.12% for females (95% CI: 6.44-7.81). Furthermore, the incidence of self-injury was lower among males, at 2.48% (95% CI: 2.03-2.94), than in females, who reported a rate of 5.09% (95% CI: 4.69-5.49). These patterns underscore the critical need for gender-specific interventions aimed at reducing these significant disparities. Conclusion This study distinctly underscores the profound impact of gender on the manifestation of suicidal behaviors in individuals afflicted with prolonged grief disorder. It reveals that females are more prone to suicidal ideation, self-injury, and suicide deaths, while males predominantly exhibit a higher incidence of suicide attempts and risk-taking behaviors. These unmediated trends highlight the necessity for gender-specific clinical interventions tailored to address particular behaviors and modify prevalent patterns that typically resist conventional approaches. Systematic review registration PROSPERO (york.ac.uk), identifier CRD42023480035.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Heng Tu
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yun Lu
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zong-Chao Yue
- School of Nursing, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ke-Nan Ling
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yu-Run Xing
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Dan-Dan Chen
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhi-Ren Zhu
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Tian-Xi Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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Sharma P, Bhandari AR, Shakya R, Sapkota N, Joshi S, Bhattarai G, Shah B, Marahatta K. Development and Use of Suicide Registry for Recording Patient Profile with Self-harm Visiting Tertiary Hospital of Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2024; 62:526-531. [PMID: 39369394 PMCID: PMC11455643 DOI: 10.31729/jnma.8733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Suicide is a major public health concern globally as well as in Nepal. It is important to have baseline data regarding suicide attempts to develop a prevention strategy. This study aims to describe the methodology used to develop a suicide registry and use it to collect data from patient visiting emergency or psychiatric outpatient department with suicide attempts in a tertiary care hospital. METHODS This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted retrospectively after obtaining ethical approval (Reference number: drs2005211371) from institutional review committee. Total sampling was done from the database covering the period from October 1, 2017, to September 30, 2023. The database was in the form of suicide registry that was developed after reviewing the existing data of primary health care centres, private hospitals, and tertiary care centers and a series of discussions among mental health experts. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel and analysis was done. RESULTS Among the 248 patients, there were 109 (43.95%) male and 139 (56.05%) female. There were 209 (84.27%) patients who attempted suicide inside home, poisoning was seen in 90 (36.29%) and 183 (73.79%) had impulsive intention. Out of total patients, 59 (23.79%) had prior communication and 84 (33.87%) had previous attempts, 109 (43.95%) patients had impulsive attempts as diagnosis and 75 (30.24%) had depression. CONCLUSIONS As per the suicide registry, most of the patients attempted suicide inside home and the most common method used was ingestion of poison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Anup Raj Bhandari
- Department of Psychiatry, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Rabi Shakya
- Department of Psychiatry, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Nidesh Sapkota
- Department of Psychiatry, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Sulochana Joshi
- Department of Psychiatry, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Gaurav Bhattarai
- Department of Psychiatry, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Bigya Shah
- Department of Psychiatry, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal
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Kanapathy R, Agampodi T, Eddleston M, Konradsen F, Pearson M, Sanjula B, Malalasekara C, Naseer N, Agampodi S, Weerasinghe M. Exploring fidelity of enactment in a cluster randomised controlled trial testing the effectiveness of 'gatekeeper' training for pesticide vendors in reducing self-poisoning in rural Sri Lanka: protocol for a multimethod qualitative study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e082688. [PMID: 38977371 PMCID: PMC11256041 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-082688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pesticide self-poisoning causes severe health and socioeconomic hardship in low- and middle-income countries, including Sri Lanka. A stepped-wedge cluster randomised controlled trial (cRCT) has been designed to test whether 'gatekeeper' training for pesticide vendors reduces pesticide self-poisoning in rural Sri Lanka (Vendor cRCT). Ensuring intervention fidelity in RCTs is essential for consistently replicating interventions, accurately assessing their impact and improving outcomes. Thus, the overarching goal of this proposed study is to explore to what extent the pesticide vendors use the 'gatekeeper' strategies. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A multimethod qualitative research design is being used to explore the pesticide-selling behaviours of vendors after the 'gatekeeper' training. A subsample of the Vendor cRCT Study population is being recruited using a stratified purposive sampling method in all six intervention districts in Sri Lanka to ensure that the sample is representative of the pesticide vendors in the study area. Participant diaries, observations and focus group discussions are being adopted to collect data. Data triangulation will be performed and data will be analysed thematically. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, at the Rajarata University of Sri Lanka (ERC/2023/09). All participants will provide informed consent. Findings will be disseminated in scientific peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajaratnam Kanapathy
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
- South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Thilini Agampodi
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
| | - Michael Eddleston
- Centre for Pesticide Suicide Prevention, and Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Flemming Konradsen
- Global Health Section, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Melissa Pearson
- Centre for Pesticide Suicide Prevention, and Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bimali Sanjula
- South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Charuni Malalasekara
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
| | - Nasman Naseer
- South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Manjula Weerasinghe
- South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
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Hsu NMH, Chen YY, Chang SS, Chi YC, Wu KCC. The relationship between normative beliefs towards suicide and support for suicide prevention in Taiwan: addressing suicide as human rights, individual choice, or irrationality. Int Rev Psychiatry 2024; 36:350-360. [PMID: 39470074 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2024.2324423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/30/2024]
Abstract
East Asian countries are known to take a more permissive attitude towards suicide. However, the nuanced beliefs fostering these attitudes remain unexplored. This study aimed to examine socio-demographic and clinical factors associated with the three normative beliefs on suicide in Taiwan - suicide as human rights, suicide as an individual choice, and that suicide is irrational - and the association of these beliefs with supportive attitudes towards governmental suicide prevention measures. A nationally representative survey, based on calls to landlines and mobile phones, was conducted in 2020 with a sample size of 1,087. Logistic regression analyses were employed to examine the associations between socio-demographic variables, mental health status, normative suicide beliefs, and attitudes towards suicide prevention. We found that the prevalence rates for the three normative beliefs were 55.3% for human rights, 26.7% for individual choice, and 73.7% for irrationality, respectively. Human rights belief was more prevalent among younger, unmarried, and highly educated individuals. Individual choice belief was more common among the younger, those in the 'other' marital group, less educated individuals, and those without mental conditions. The irrationality belief was more likely to be endorsed by the unemployed group. Regardless of participants' normative suicide beliefs, a significant majority (89.0%) supported governmental investment in suicide prevention. However, human rights and individual choice beliefs were associated with diminished support for governmental suicide prevention measures (aOR = 0.6, p = 0.003, and aOR = 0.6, p = 0.005, respectively). Taiwanese society overwhelmingly supports governmental suicide prevention measures, suggesting a leaning towards hard paternalism. However, those who believed that suicide is a human right and individual choice were less likely to support governmental suicide prevention efforts. Our findings suggest that health education addressing these two normative beliefs, particularly among the youth and unmarried individuals, could be potential strategies in future suicide prevention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ying-Yeh Chen
- Taipei City Psychiatric Centre, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Sen Chang
- Institute of Health Behaviors and Community Sciences and Global Health Program, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Psychiatric Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Population Health Research Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chen Chi
- Department of Healthcare Information and Management, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kevin Chien-Chang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Bioethics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Li CY, Xiao Y, Chen TT, Zhu SY. Epidemiological characteristics and behaviors of online broadcast suicidality in China: implications for targeted prevention strategies. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1396460. [PMID: 38774054 PMCID: PMC11106420 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1396460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Suicide is a global health concern, exacerbated by stigma around mental illnesses. Online platforms like Twitter and Sina Weibo have seen a rise in "online broadcast suicide," where individuals share suicidal thoughts and actions. However, there is limited understanding of the epidemiological characteristics, particularly in China. This study aims to analyze the demographics and behaviors of individuals engaging in online broadcast suicide in China to inform targeted prevention strategies. Methods A total of 525 incidents were identified through systematic retrieval of relevant news reports from online sources. Subsequently, a content analysis was performed on these reports to extract detailed information on the characteristics of each individual incident. Results Among the incidents analyzed, the male-to-female ratio was 1:1.6, with an average age of 23.1 ± 5.9 years. Approximately 71.9% took place in Southern China. Unemployment was reported in 15.0% of incidents. Relationship breakup (62.3%) was cited as the leading cause of suicide. Wrist cutting (58.2%) emerged as the predominant suicide method, and home (36.2%) was the most common location for these tragic events. Instant messaging apps were the primary platforms (54.7%) for conveying suicidal thoughts and actions. Additionally, among the 525 incidents examined, 12.0% disclosed having a mental disorder, and 7.6% had a history of prior suicide attempts. Significant variations were observed across age, gender, region, and occupation categories. Conclusion This study emphasizes the importance of developing suicide prevention programs for internet users. Besides, interventions should be customized to meet the specific needs of various populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-ya Li
- Psychosomatic Medical Center, The Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Psychosomatic Medical Center, The Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Psychosomatic Medical Center, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting-ting Chen
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shao-yi Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shantou University Mental Health Center, Shantou, China
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Mulligan LD, Bojanić L, Hunt IM, Baird A, Turnbull P, Kapur N, Appleby L, Shaw J. Substance use and self-poisoning in schizophrenia: 11-year findings from a national clinical survey of suicide in mental health patients in the UK. Schizophr Res 2024; 267:254-260. [PMID: 38581828 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Suicide is the leading cause of unnatural death among people with schizophrenia. Substance use is a highly prevalent comorbid feature of schizophrenia and a modifiable risk factor for suicide. However, no studies have examined changes in the frequency of substance use or self-poisoning in those who died by suicide over time. Knowing this could support more tailored approaches to reducing specific risk factors and access to means in those with schizophrenia who are at risk of suicide. We conducted an 11-year observational study on a clinical survey of people with schizophrenia in the UK who died by suicide within 12 months of contact with mental health services between 2010 and 2020 (n = 2718). Overall, alcohol, cannabis and stimulants were the most frequently reported substances. The odds of lifetime use significantly increased over time for cannabis, stimulants, heroin, and benzodiazepines. There were differences in socio-demographic, behavioural and clinical factors between those with recent and historical alcohol and drug use before death. Deaths by hanging, jumping and self-poisoning were the most common suicide methods. Though deaths by hanging significantly increased over time, deaths by self-poisoning significantly decreased, especially by means of psychotropic medication and opioids. To improve risk management, clinical efforts should focus on identifying and treating people with schizophrenia using specific substances. Nationwide initiatives for improving safety in prescribing could be contributing to reduced risks of suicide via self-poisoning in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee D Mulligan
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Lana Bojanić
- NCISH, Centre for Mental Health and Safety, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Isabelle M Hunt
- NCISH, Centre for Mental Health and Safety, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Alison Baird
- NCISH, Centre for Mental Health and Safety, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Pauline Turnbull
- NCISH, Centre for Mental Health and Safety, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Nav Kapur
- NCISH, Centre for Mental Health and Safety, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, UK; NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, UK; Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Louis Appleby
- NCISH, Centre for Mental Health and Safety, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jenny Shaw
- NCISH, Centre for Mental Health and Safety, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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Liu XQ, Wang X. Adolescent suicide risk factors and the integration of social-emotional skills in school-based prevention programs. World J Psychiatry 2024; 14:494-506. [PMID: 38659598 PMCID: PMC11036461 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v14.i4.494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Adolescents are considered one of the most vulnerable groups affected by suicide. Rapid changes in adolescents' physical and mental states, as well as in their lives, significantly and undeniably increase the risk of suicide. Psychological, social, family, individual, and environmental factors are important risk factors for suicidal behavior among teenagers and may contribute to suicide risk through various direct, indirect, or combined pathways. Social-emotional learning is considered a powerful intervention measure for addressing the crisis of adolescent suicide. When deliberately cultivated, fostered, and enhanced, self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, interpersonal skills, and responsible decision-making, as the five core competencies of social-emotional learning, can be used to effectively target various risk factors for adolescent suicide and provide necessary mental and interpersonal support. Among numerous suicide intervention methods, school-based interventions based on social-emotional competence have shown great potential in preventing and addressing suicide risk factors in adolescents. The characteristics of school-based interventions based on social-emotional competence, including their appropriateness, necessity, cost-effectiveness, comprehensiveness, and effectiveness, make these interventions an important means of addressing the crisis of adolescent suicide. To further determine the potential of school-based interventions based on social-emotional competence and better address the issue of adolescent suicide, additional financial support should be provided, the combination of social-emotional learning and other suicide prevention programs within schools should be fully leveraged, and cooperation between schools and families, society, and other environments should be maximized. These efforts should be considered future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Qiao Liu
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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12
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Alimohamadi Y, Rahimi D, Mehri A. Spatio-temporal analysis of deaths from carbon monoxide poisoning in Iran between 2011 and 2018: An ecological study. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e1785. [PMID: 38186929 PMCID: PMC10764656 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Mortality caused by carbon monoxide every year threatens the lives of Iranian people, whose spatial and temporal distribution is not known for formulating prevention policies and interventions. This study was conducted to determine the trend of mortality rate changes due to carbon monoxide CO poisoning by Spatio-temporal analysis in Iran from 2011 to 2018. Methods An ecological study was conducted based on data from the reports at the National Center for Statistics of Iran for 8 years from 21 March 2011 to 21 March 2018. The number of deaths due to CO poisoning and the annual mortality rates of CO poisoning per 100,000 populations were calculated. To determine the geographical and temporal distribution of death caused by carbon monoxide, spatiotemporal statistical analysis was used. Results A total of 6078 deaths were reported due to CO poisoning 4497 deaths were male (74%) and 1596 were female (26%) from 2011 to 2018. Both sexes' mortality rate due to CO poisoning was 1.26 from 2011 to 0.91 in 2018. According to the results, the overall male-to-female ratio was 2.8. The mortality rate due to CO Poisoning had a decreasing trend. However, this trend did not have a linear trend (p = 0.37). The highest mortality due to CO poisoning was seen in the northern and western provinces of Iran. Conclusion Our results showed that the mortality rate due to CO poisoning had a decreasing trend during the understudied period. Also, most of the deaths due to CO poisoning occurred in the northern and western provinces of Iran. So, designing prevention programs as well as increasing people's awareness in these regions is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Alimohamadi
- Health Research Center, Life Style InstituteBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Danial Rahimi
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and MidwiferyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Ahmad Mehri
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and SafetyShahid Beheshti University of Medical ScienceTehranIran
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13
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Liew SH, Razak MAA, Kassim MSA, Ahmad NA, Tan L. Suicide attempt among Malaysian school-going adolescents: relationship with bullying. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2165. [PMID: 37932717 PMCID: PMC10626749 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to World Health Organization (WHO), the fourth leading cause of death among adolescents aged 15 -19 years is suicide. The National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2017 reported that suicidal attempts among school adolescents increased from 6.8%-6.9% as compared to NHMS 2012. Suicide attempts can cause significant negative impacts on health, social and economic status. Bullying is one of the factors for adolescent suicide attempts, and its relationship to suicidality in adolescents has been shown in numerous research. OBJECTIVES This study examined the relationship between suicide attempts and bullying among school adolescents in Malaysia. METHODS Data from the Malaysia NHMS 2017, a nationwide study that adopted a two-stage cluster sampling design, were analysed. The survey used a self-administered questionnaire in bilingual language adapted from GSHS developed by WHO. Participants were secondary school students aged 13 -17 in all states. Descriptive and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed using IBM SPSS version 28. RESULTS A total of 27,497 school adolescents participated in the study. Results showed that 6.9% of school adolescents had attempted suicide. There was 16.2% of adolescents being bullied. Multiple logistic regression revealed that students who were bullied were more likely to have suicide attempts (aOR 4.827, 95% CI: 4.143, 5.624) P < 0.001. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION This study revealed that bullying is associated with suicide attempts among school adolescents in Malaysia. The respective authority should consider and plan effective measures to curb bullying among school adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siaw Hun Liew
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia.
| | - Mohamad Aznuddin Abd Razak
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shaiful Azlan Kassim
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Noor Ani Ahmad
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - LeeAnn Tan
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia
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14
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Monteith LL, Kittel J, Miller C, Schneider AL, Holliday R, Gaeddert LA, Spark T, Brenner LA, Hoffmire CA. Identifying U.S. regions with the highest suicide rates and examining differences in suicide methods among Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander Veterans. Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 89:103797. [PMID: 37847965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The suicide rate among Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander (AANHPI) Veterans increased from 2001 to 2020. Identifying regions where suicide rates are elevated and increasing among AANHPI Veterans would inform targeted prevention efforts for members of this cohort. We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study of 377,833 AANHPI Veterans to examine suicide rates and methods (2005-2019) by United States (US) region and over time (2005-2009, 2010-2014, 2015-2019), using US Veteran Eligibility Trends and Statistics and Joint DoD/VA Mortality Data Repository data. AANHPI Veterans across most regions experienced increases in suicide rates from the earliest to latest period; however, patterns differed by region. Age-adjusted suicide rates increased across all three periods among those in the Northeast and West, but increased, then declined in the Midwest and South. In 2015-2019, the age-adjusted suicide rate among AANHPI Veterans was highest in the Northeast (42.0 per 100,000) and lowest in the West (27.5). However, the highest percentages of AANHPI Veteran suicide deaths in 2005-2019 occurred in the West (39.5%) and South (34.7%), with lower percentages in the Midwest (15.0%) and Northeast (10.8%). Across regions, those ages 18-34 had the highest suicide rates. Firearms were the most frequently used suicide method across regions (44.4%-60.2%), except the Northeast (35.2%), where suffocation was more common (38.3%). Results suggest particular needs for suicide prevention efforts among AANHPI Veterans in the Northeast and to ensure that lethal means safety initiatives for AANHPI Veterans encompass both firearms and suffocation, with some variations in emphasis across regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey L Monteith
- VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center for Suicide Prevention, 1700 North Wheeling St., Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12631 E 17th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 1890 N Revere Ct, Suite 4003, Mail Stop F546, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Firearm Injury Prevention Initiative, 12401 East 17th Avenue, 7th Floor, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Julie Kittel
- VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center for Suicide Prevention, 1700 North Wheeling St., Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12631 E 17th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Christin Miller
- VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center for Suicide Prevention, 1700 North Wheeling St., Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Alexandra L Schneider
- VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center for Suicide Prevention, 1700 North Wheeling St., Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ryan Holliday
- VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center for Suicide Prevention, 1700 North Wheeling St., Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 1890 N Revere Ct, Suite 4003, Mail Stop F546, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Laurel A Gaeddert
- VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center for Suicide Prevention, 1700 North Wheeling St., Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Talia Spark
- VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center for Suicide Prevention, 1700 North Wheeling St., Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Lisa A Brenner
- VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center for Suicide Prevention, 1700 North Wheeling St., Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12631 E 17th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 1890 N Revere Ct, Suite 4003, Mail Stop F546, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Claire A Hoffmire
- VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center for Suicide Prevention, 1700 North Wheeling St., Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12631 E 17th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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15
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Song IH, Lee JH, Shin JS. Firearm Possession Rates in Home Countries and Firearm Suicide Rates Among US- and Foreign-Born Suicide Decedents in the United States: Analysis of Combined Data from the National Violent Death Reporting System and the Small Arms Survey. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2023; 9:e44211. [PMID: 37773604 PMCID: PMC10576231 DOI: 10.2196/44211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide by firearms is a serious public health issue in the United States. However, little research has been conducted on the relationship between cultural backgrounds and suicide by firearms, specifically in those born and raised in the United States compared to those who have immigrated to the United States. OBJECTIVE To better understand the relationship between cultural backgrounds and suicide, this study aimed to examine firearm suicide rates among US- and foreign-born suicide decedents based on the firearm possession rate in the decedent's home country. METHODS Multivariate logistic regression was performed to analyze data of 28,895 suicide decedents from 37 states obtained from the 2017 National Violent Death Reporting System data set. The firearm possession rate in the home countries of foreign-born suicide decedents was obtained from the 2017 Small Arms Survey. RESULTS The firearm suicide rate was about twice as high among US-born suicide decedents compared to their foreign-born counterparts. Meanwhile, suicide by hanging was about 75% higher among foreign-born compared to US-born suicide decedents. Those from countries with a low-to-medium firearm possession rate were significantly less likely to use firearms compared to US-born suicide decedents (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=0.45, 95% CI 0.31-0.65, and AOR=0.46, 95% CI 0.39-0.53, respectively). Meanwhile, firearm suicide rates were not different between US- and foreign-born suicide decedents from countries with a similarly high firearm possession rate. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that there is an association between using firearms as a means of suicide and the firearm possession rate in the decedent's home country. Suicide by firearms in the United States needs to be understood in the sociocultural context related to firearm possession.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Han Song
- ICONS Convergence Academy, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Social Welfare, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jin Hyuk Lee
- Department of Social Welfare, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Soo Shin
- Interdisciplinary Program of Social Welfare Policy, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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16
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Chan LF, Chin SJ, Loo TH, Panirselvam RR, Chang SS, Chang HY, Mokhzani AR, Rahman FHA, Utyasheva L, Eddleston M. Surveillance of pesticide poisoning in an East and a West Malaysian hospital: characteristics of pesticide poisoning and the early impact of a national Paraquat ban. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:472. [PMID: 37380953 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04974-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that pesticide bans were associated with reduced fatal pesticide self-poisoning cases in high, and low-and-middle-income countries. We aimed to investigate the characteristics of pesticide poisoning patients admitted to two Malaysian hospitals and the early impact of the national paraquat ban implemented on 1st January 2020 in a culturally heterogenous South-East-Asian upper-middle-income setting. METHODS Data were collected from an East (Bintulu) and a West (Ipoh) Malaysian hospital medical records in 2015-2021 and 2018-2021, respectively. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate the association of aspects such as socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, paraquat ban with the types of pesticides involved (paraquat versus non-paraquat versus unknown) ,and the outcomes (fatal versus non-fatal). RESULTS From the study sample of 212 pesticide poisoning patients aged 15 years or above, the majority were self-poisoning cases (75.5%) with a disproportionate over-representation of Indian ethnic minority (44.8%). Most pesticide poisoning cases had socio-environmental stressors (62.30%). The commonest stressors were domestic interpersonal conflicts (61.36%). 42.15% of pesticide poisoning survivors had a psychiatric diagnosis. Paraquat poisoning accounted for 31.6% of all patients and 66.7% of fatalities. Case fatality was positively associated with male gender, current suicidal intent, and paraquat poisoning. After the paraquat ban, the proportion of pesticide poisoning cases using paraquat decreased from 35.8 to 24.0%, and the overall case-fatality dropped slightly from 21.2 to 17.3%. CONCLUSIONS Socio-environmental stressors in specific domestic interpersonal conflicts, seemed more prominent in pesticide poisoning compared to psychiatric diagnosis. Paraquat accounted for the majority of pesticide-associated deaths occurring in hospitals in the study areas. There was preliminary evidence that the 2020 paraquat ban led to a fall in case fatality from pesticide poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Fong Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Song Jie Chin
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tsui Huei Loo
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | | | - Shu-Sen Chang
- Institute of Health Behaviors and Community Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hwei Yuen Chang
- Institute of Health Behaviors and Community Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Global Health Program, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Anissa Raudhah Mokhzani
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farynna Hana Ab Rahman
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Leah Utyasheva
- Centre for Pesticide Suicide Prevention, University Of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michael Eddleston
- Centre for Pesticide Suicide Prevention, University Of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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17
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Sharifi S, Valiee S. Emergency department nurses’ perceptions of caring for patients with intentional self-poisoning: a qualitative study. EMERGENCY CARE JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.4081/ecj.2023.11220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nurses have an important role in caring for patients with intentional self-poisoning. This study was attempted to explore the emergency department nurses' perception of caring for patients with intentional self-poisoning. The present qualitative study was performed using phenomenological method. This study was done on 14 emergency department nurses with experience in caring for patients with intentional self-poisoning. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi's method. Following data analysis, two themes and five sub-themes were extracted, which included being reluctant to provide care for patients with intentional self-poisoning (discomfort in providing care, and lack of desire to care for these patients) and comprehensive patient support (providing complete care and emotional support). Given that emergency department nurses are the first medical staff who face with intentional self-poisoning patients and play an important role in the care and treatment of these patients, it is necessary to improve their understanding of caring for these patients. In addition, their comprehensive support for these patients should be strengthened. Psychological support for nurses and training them on how to communicate with intentional self-poisoning patients and their families are also recommended.
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18
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Fallahi-Khoshknab M, Amirian Z, Maddah SSB, Khankeh HR, Dalvandi A. Instability of emotional relationships and suicide among youth: a qualitative study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:50. [PMID: 36653769 PMCID: PMC9850597 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04534-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interpersonal problems are one of the factors for understanding the complex issues that result in suicide attempts and self-injury by poisoning. The quality of familial relationships is a predictor of the occurrence and outcome of suicide attempts. This study aimed to explore motives for self-poisoning suicide attempts amongst young adults. METHOD This research was a qualitative study conducted using semi-structured interviews in 2019 in Kermanshah Province, Iran. Eighteen participants who had attempted suicide by self-poisoning were interviewed, and information was collected until data saturation was achieved. The interviews were recorded and transcribed, and the data were analyzed through content analysis. RESULTS The results included the category of instability in emotional relationships with the three sub-categories of 1- Emotional failure, 2- Emotional trauma, and 3- Loss of emotional resilience (caused by emotional failure and emotional trauma within the previous few months). Instability in emotional relationships creates feelings of disgrace, humiliation, burdensomeness, worthlessness, and insignificance, which increases the chances of attempting suicide. CONCLUSION The study results provided an in-depth understanding of romantic, and unstable familial relationships as a significant factor in suicide attempts, demonstrating the role of emotional stress in attempting suicide. The present study provided information on the risk factors and warning signs for psychiatrists and nurses dealing with suicidal patients to take effective measures to prevent suicide through social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Fallahi-Khoshknab
- Nursing Department, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences (USWR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Zainab Amirian
- Nursing Department, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences (USWR), Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Hamid Reza Khankeh
- Nursing Department, Health in Emergencies and Disasters Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science (USWR), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Asghar Dalvandi
- Nursing Department, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences (USWR), Tehran, Iran
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Fu XL, Qian Y, Jin XH, Yu HR, Wu H, Du L, Chen HL, Shi YQ. Suicide rates among people with serious mental illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med 2023; 53:351-361. [PMID: 33952359 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721001549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with serious mental illness are at great risk of suicide, but little is known about the suicide rates among this population. We aimed to quantify the suicide rates among people with serious mental illness (bipolar disorder, major depression, or schizophrenia). METHODS PubMed and Web of Science were searched to identify studies published from 1 January 1975 to 10 December 2020. We assessed English-language studies for the suicide rates among people with serious mental illness. Random-effects meta-analysis was used. Changes in follow-up time and the suicide rates were presented by a locally weighted scatter-plot smoothing (LOESS) curve. Suicide rate ratio was estimated for assessments of difference in suicide rate by sex. RESULTS Of 5014 identified studies, 41 were included in this analysis. The pooled suicide rate was 312.8 per 100 000 person-years (95% CI 230.3-406.8). Europe was reported to have the highest pooled suicide rate of 335.2 per 100 000 person-years (95% CI 261.5-417.6). Major depression had the highest suicide rate of 534.3 per 100 000 person-years (95% CI 30.4-1448.7). There is a downward trend in suicide rate estimates over follow-up time. Excess risk of suicide in males was found [1.90 (95% CI 1.60-2.25)]. The most common suicide method was poisoning [21.9 per 100 000 person-years (95% CI 3.7-50.4)]. CONCLUSIONS The suicide rates among people with serious mental illness were high, highlighting the requirements for increasing psychological assessment and monitoring. Further study should focus on region and age differences in suicide among this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Lei Fu
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001 PR China
| | - Yan Qian
- Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001 PR China
| | - Xiao-Hong Jin
- Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001 PR China
| | - Hai-Rong Yu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001 PR China
| | - Hua Wu
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001 PR China
| | - Lin Du
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001 PR China
| | - Hong-Lin Chen
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019 PR China
| | - Ya-Qin Shi
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001 PR China
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20
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Chung AN, Su SS, Tsai SY, Chen CC, Chen YY, Kuo CJ. Sex-specific incidences and risk profiles of suicide mortality in people with alcohol dependence in Taiwan. Addiction 2022; 117:3058-3068. [PMID: 35913020 DOI: 10.1111/add.16014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Alcohol-related mental health burden and suicidality impose heavy burdens on global public health. This study measured the sex-specific incidence and risk profiles of suicide mortality in individuals with alcohol dependence in a non-western context. DESIGN In this prospective cohort study, individuals with alcohol dependence who were enrollees in Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research database were followed-up over an almost 15-year period. Their data were linked to the national mortality registration database. SETTING Taiwan. PARTICIPANTS In total, 278 345 patients with alcohol dependence were enrolled and followed-up from 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2016. MEASUREMENTS We calculated the incidence and standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of suicide in the cohort and stratified the suicide methods by sex. Sex-specific risk profiles (based on demographic characteristics and physical and psychiatric comorbidities) were generated through Cox proportional hazards regression. FINDINGS The suicide rates of men and women were 173.5 and 158.9 per 100 000 person-years, respectively (P = 0.097). The SMR of suicide mortality was more than two times higher in women than in men (6.6 versus 15.0). Women and men adopted different suicide methods. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression with a time-varying model revealed that depressive disorder was a common risk factor for suicide in both men and women [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 3.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.77-3.31 versus aHR = 5.46, 95% CI = 4.65-6.40]. For men, receiving a diagnosis of alcohol dependence between the ages of 25 and 44 years, being unemployed and having schizophrenia, drug-induced mental disorder or sleep disorder were risk factors for suicide. CONCLUSION In Taiwan, the incidence of suicide in patients with alcohol dependence is substantially higher than that of the general population. The standardized mortality ratio of suicide in women with alcohol dependence is more than twice that of men with alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Nie Chung
- Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Siang Su
- Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Ying Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Chicy Chen
- Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Yeh Chen
- Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chian-Jue Kuo
- Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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21
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Albano GD, Malta G, La Spina C, Rifiorito A, Provenzano V, Triolo V, Vaiano F, Bertol E, Zerbo S, Argo A. Toxicological Findings of Self-Poisoning Suicidal Deaths: A Systematic Review by Countries. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10110654. [PMID: 36355945 PMCID: PMC9698482 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10110654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of illicit and non-illicit substances is widespread in suicides. The toxicological data may help in understanding the mechanism of death. This systematic review aimed to analyze autopsies related to suicides by consuming poison, focusing on the correlation between substance use and the country of origin to create an alarm bell to indicate that suicide maybe attempted and prevent it. The systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines, with the primary objective of identifying autopsies conducted in cases of suicide by consuming poison in specific geographic areas. Significant differences in substances were observed between low-income and Western countries that confirm previous literature data. In rural areas and Asian countries, most suicides by consuming poison involve the use of pesticides, such as organophosphates and carbamates. In Western countries, illicit drugs and medically prescribed drugs are the leading cause of suicide by self-poisoning. Future research should shed light on the correlation between social, medical, and demographic characteristics and the autopsy findings in suicides by self-poisoning to highlight the risk factors and implement tailored prevention programs worldwide. Performing a complete autopsy on a suspected suicide by self-poisoning could be essential in supporting worldwide public health measures and policy makers. Therefore, complete autopsies in such cases must be vigorously promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Davide Albano
- PROMISE Department, University of Palermo, Piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3312264328
| | - Ginevra Malta
- PROMISE Department, University of Palermo, Piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Corinne La Spina
- PROMISE Department, University of Palermo, Piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Arianna Rifiorito
- PROMISE Department, University of Palermo, Piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Valeria Provenzano
- PROMISE Department, University of Palermo, Piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Triolo
- PROMISE Department, University of Palermo, Piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Vaiano
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bertol
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Stefania Zerbo
- PROMISE Department, University of Palermo, Piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonina Argo
- PROMISE Department, University of Palermo, Piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy
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22
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Utyasheva L, Robertson G, Sharma JR. Perception of the criminality of attempted suicide in Nepal and its impact on suicide reporting. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 2022; 83:101796. [PMID: 35594745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2022.101796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In 2018-2019, according to the official statistics, 5754 people died as a result of suicide in Nepal. This is a high number for a country with a population of 29 million people. Experts believe that the actual rate is considerably higher and that many suicides are not reported. This underreporting of suicide is frequently blamed on the stigma and the criminality of attempted suicide. Yet, there has never been a criminal liability for attempted suicide in Nepal. This article discusses the reasons for the perception of the criminality of attempted suicide in the country, its consequences, and the ways of addressing them. We found that the involvement of the police at the initial stages of suicide investigation confirms public perceptions that attempted suicide is a punishable offense and this may reinforce the stigma of suicide. Recent criminalization of the abetment of suicide has contributed to this perception as the public may not be clear about the distinction between abetment of suicide and attempted suicide. Criminalization of suicide not in the laws but in minds discourages reporting and help-seeking behaviour and victimizes people who need support and services. We argue that decriminalization is more than removing the outdated legal clauses from the legal statutes, but also public awareness raising about the reasons for police investigation of suspicious deaths, sensitivity training, and education of government officials, policymakers, and police about suicide and its prevention. These are needed to dispel the myth of criminalization of attempted suicide in Nepal. Our findings could be of wider interest to scholars working on reducing the stigma of suicide and decriminalization of suicide attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Utyasheva
- Centre for Pesticide Suicide Prevention, and Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, PTT, QMRI E3.22a, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Gael Robertson
- Centre for Pesticide Suicide Prevention, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Cres, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Jeevan R Sharma
- Chrysal Macmillan Building, School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9LD, UK.
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23
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Kasemy ZA, Sharif AF, Amin SA, Fayed MM, Desouky DE, Salama AA, Abo Shereda HM, Abdel-Aaty NB. Trend and epidemiology of suicide attempts by self-poisoning among Egyptians. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270026. [PMID: 35709176 PMCID: PMC9202942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Suicide attempts by self-poisoning have become a critical health problem. This study aimed to investigate the trend, incidence, and the associated risk factors of suicide attempts by self-poisoning. A total of 7398 Egyptian patients were analyzed. The trend of suicide attempts by self-poisoning was analyzed using 6745 patients over four registry years from January 1, 2016, to January 1, 2020. Then, the associated risk factors behind attempted suicide by self-poisoning from January 1, 2019, to January 1, 2020, were assessed using 2523 suicide attempters by self-poisoning, 201 fatalities by self-poisoning, and another 653 survivors of accidental poisoning. Results showed a rising trend of suicide attempts by self-poisoning over the studied years. The incidence of suicide attempts through deliberate self-poisoning represented 26.63/1,000 (CI95%: 25.63-27.86) to the admitted patients and 26.10/100,000 (CI95%: 25.10-27.14) to the regional population. The death rate due to suicide attempts by self-poisoning was 2.08/100,000 (1.90-2.49). The case fatality rate and the proportionate mortality rate for suicide by self-poisoning were 7.38% (CI95%: 6.45-8.42) and 14.11% (CI95%: 12.4-16.0) respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that attempted suicide by self-poisoning was predicted among patients aged <25 or 25-40 years old (OR = 27.49, CI95%: 15.28-49.64 and OR = 59.42, CI95%: 32.76-107.77 respectively), those of low or moderate socioeconomic status (OR = 35.03, CI95%: 21.32-57.56 and OR = 14.11, CI95%: 10.86-18.43 respectively), students (OR = 2.91, CI95%: 1.57-5.43) and those living in rural residency (OR = 4.12, CI95%: 3.27-5.19). Suicide attempts by self-poisoning exhibited an incremental rise across time which raises a serious concern. Efforts should be directed to overcome the mentioned risk factors triggering suicide attempts by self-poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab A. Kasemy
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Fady Sharif
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safaa Abdelzaher Amin
- Department of Forensic medicine and clinical toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Manar Maher Fayed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Dalia E. Desouky
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Amal A. Salama
- Department of Family medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Hanaa Mohammad Abo Shereda
- Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Nehad B. Abdel-Aaty
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
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24
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Grande E, Vichi M, Alicandro G, Marchetti S, Frova L, Pompili M. Suicide mortality among the elderly population in Italy: A nationwide cohort study on gender differences in sociodemographic risk factors, method of suicide, and associated comorbidity. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2022; 37. [PMID: 35524717 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed at investigating gender differences in the relationship between sociodemographic factors and suicide mortality, as well as in the method used for suicide and the presence of comorbidities in an older population in Italy. METHODS/DESIGN We conducted a historical cohort study based on individual record linkage across the 15th Italian Population Census, the Italian Population Register, and the National Register of Causes of Death. Suicides among people aged 75 years or older from 2012 to 2017 were analyzed. Crude mortality rates were computed, and cause-specific mortality rate ratios were estimated using negative binomial regression models. Chi-square tests were used to evaluate significant gender differences in suicide methods and comorbidities associated with suicide. RESULTS The study included 9,686,698 individuals (41% men, 59% women). Compared to living alone, living with children or partners reduced suicide mortality, especially among men. Having high or medium educational levels was associated with lower mortality than low educational levels among men. Foreign citizens had lower mortality among men, but not among women. Living in urban areas was associated with lower suicide rates in men and higher rates in women. Methods of suicide significantly differed by gender: leading methods were hanging, strangulation, and suffocation in men, and falling from height in women. Mental comorbidity was significantly more frequent among women, especially at ages 75-84 years. CONCLUSIONS We believe that our findings might help to promote public health strategies taking gender differences in old age into account to improve social support and quality of life of older men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Grande
- National Institute of Statistics, Integrated System for Health, Social Assistance and Welfare, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Vichi
- Statistical Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Alicandro
- National Institute of Statistics, Integrated System for Health, Social Assistance and Welfare, Rome, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantatation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Cystic Fibrosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Marchetti
- National Institute of Statistics, Integrated System for Health, Social Assistance and Welfare, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Frova
- National Institute of Statistics, Integrated System for Health, Social Assistance and Welfare, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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25
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Chen YL, Kuo PH. Social Support Reduces the Risk of Unfavorable Parenting Styles for Suicidal Behaviors in Early Adolescents. Arch Suicide Res 2022; 27:780-795. [PMID: 35481803 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2022.2066590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression and perceived stress are important risk factors for suicidal behaviors among adolescents. The current study examined the joint effects of parenting styles on suicidal ideation (SI) and attempt (SA) in early adolescents while considering relevant individual factors, and evaluated whether social support can offset the risk. METHODS The present study was part of a large cohort study aiming at tracing the mental health and risk behaviors in adolescents, and we utilized baseline data collected from 645 4th grade students with complete assessment of suicidal behaviors, social support, parental bonding, depression, and perceived stress. Participants' mean age was 9.97 years (SD = 0.38) with 53.02% boys. Logistic regression was performed to analyze the associations between independent variables and youth suicidal behaviors. RESULTS 16.28% students reported to have SI and 4.96% had SA. Depression (SI: OR = 3.66-3.89; SA: OR = 3.98-4.50), father's low care and high authoritarian (LCHA) (SI: OR = 3.04; SA: OR = 2.43), and low acceptance and high authoritarian (LAHA) (SI: OR = 3.58; SA: OR = 4.77) parenting styles were strong risk factors, while overall social support (SI: OR = 0.98; SA: OR = 0.97) was a protective factor of SI and SA for early adolescents. Perceived stress (OR = 1.07-1.08) and mother's LCHA parenting style (OR = 2.03) were risk factors of SI. Overall, a family with LCHA parenting (OR = 2.82) or LAHA parenting (OR = 3.35-3.72) regardless parental gender had increased risk for SI and SA. CONCLUSION Family and social factors are important to consider in suicidal prevention and interventions among early adolescents, in addition to assessing individual risk factors. HighlightsSuicidal ideations (16.28%) and attempts (4.96%) were prevalent in early adolescents at elementary schools. Depression status remains a significant risk factor for both SI and SA in early adolescents.Unfavorable parenting styles (LCHA or LAHA) increased the risk of SI and SA, especially received from father.Overall social support had independent protective effect on suicidal behaviors, when taking aforementioned individual and family risk factors into account.
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26
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Clark KA, Mays VM, Arah OA, Kheifets LI, Cochran SD. Sexual Orientation Differences in Lethal Methods Used in Suicide: Findings From the National Violent Death Reporting System. Arch Suicide Res 2022; 26:548-564. [PMID: 32897837 PMCID: PMC7937759 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2020.1811181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We examined sexual orientation and sex differences in seven methods of suicide among adult suicides reported in the United States National Violent Death Reporting System (2012-2015; N = 59,075). Overall, most sexual minorities (i.e., lesbians, gay men, bisexuals) identified in the dataset used hanging (38%) followed by firearm (30%) and drug or poison ingestion (20%). Sexual minorities were more likely than heterosexuals to be younger, female, and Black/African American. Multivariate sex-stratified analyses in the overall sample showed that strong sexual orientation differences in lethal methods existed among men but not among women. However, when we compared sex differences in lethal methods among sexual minorities only, we found that lesbian/bisexual women, as compared to gay/bisexual men, were more likely to use a firearm or drug or poison ingestion than hanging. Findings suggest that the higher rate of suicide mortality among sexual minorities is likely driven by hanging, a method of suicide that is not particularly amenable to lethal method restricted-access prevention approaches. Future research directions, clinical training recommendations, and intervention opportunities are discussed.
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27
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Ossei PPS, Niako N, Ayibor WG, Asante E, Safo FK, Safowaa A. Profile of suicide within the northern part of Ghana: A decade under review. S Afr J Psychiatr 2022; 28:1620. [PMID: 35169506 PMCID: PMC8831920 DOI: 10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several reports show that suicide is the second and third leading cause of untimely death in young people below the age of 30. Little, however, is known about the profile and trend of suicide in this country due to lack of systematic studies and a lack of national statistics on suicide. This study seeks to examine the profile and pattern of suicide cases recorded within northern Ghana for the past decade. Aim This study aimed to report the prevalence of suicide as an independent cause of death; the choice of suicide method and the alleged reasons for suicide within the northern part of Ghana. Setting Retrospective review of coroners’ reports within the northern part of Ghana. Method In this descriptive study, 309 completed suicides as archived by the office of the coroner were examined. The coroners’ reports of 309 individuals, whose deaths received a suicide verdict or an open verdict in which the cause of death was likely to be suicide from 2008 to 2017, were examined. Student’s t-test was used to ascertain significant age differences between the genders involved. Results Amongst the 309 decedents examined, approximately, 61% were male, with ages ranging from 5 to 81 years. Hanging and poisoning were the most commonly used methods to complete suicide accounting for 124 (40.1%) and 102 (33.0%) deaths, respectively. Regarding the reasons for completed suicide, 78 (25.2%) were because of unknown reasons and 66 (21.4%) were because of social stigma. There was a notable decline in the prevalence of suicide from 2014 to 2017 compared with the years from 2010 to 2013. Conclusion Suicide was highest in the 30–39 year age group with hanging and poisoning being the most common method employed. Stigmatisation and psychosocial problems arising from chronic illness and economic hardship were significant triggers of suicide amongst the suicide decedents in the northern part of Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul P S Ossei
- Department of Pathology, KSMD, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Pathology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Nicholas Niako
- Department of Pathology, KSMD, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Pathology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - William G Ayibor
- Department of Molecular Medicine, KSMD, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Asante
- Department of Pathology, KSMD, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Pathology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Foster K Safo
- Department of Pathology, KSMD, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Pathology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Adwoa Safowaa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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28
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Wang Y, Feng Y, Han M, Duan Z, Wilson A, Fish J, Sun S, Chen R. Methods of attempted suicide and risk factors in LGBTQ+ youth. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2021; 122:105352. [PMID: 34655994 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to identify patterns of attempted suicide methods and risk factors in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and other gender/sexual minority (LGBTQ+) youth by comparing them to non-LGBTQ+ youth. METHODS A total of 9281 Chinese college students completed the study, 8313 participants were included in the analysis of which 1032 were LGBTQ+ youth and 7281 were non-LGBTQ+ youth. Sociodemographic information was collected along with several scales and self-report items. This included anxiety scores using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)-7, depression scores using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9, mania score using the Altman Self-Rating Mania (ASRM), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) victimization using the World Health Organization's definition. Self-report items were used to further collect history of non-fatal self-injurious behaviors, parents' related risk factors, history of suicide attempts, and methods of attempted suicide. RESULTS The prevalence of attempted suicide in LGBTQ+ youth was 4.2%, which in comparison was more than four times higher than non-LGBTQ+ youth. LGBTQ+ youth 19-22 years old were at a significantly higher risk of attempting suicide than non-LGBTQ+ youth. The most common method of attempted suicide was cutting of the wrist, followed by jumping from a high height. There were some common suicide risk factors that were similar between LGBTQ+ and non-LGBTQ+ youth, such as living in a rural area, having a history of a psychiatric disorder, and having a history of non-fatal self-injurious behaviors. The associated increased risk factors for LGBTQ+ youth were having a higher score for CTQ-emotional abuse and CTQ-sexual abuse. LIMITATION The causality of risk factors to attempted suicide cannot be assumed due to the cross-sectional nature of the survey. Also, due to the relatively small sample size within the subgroups, we did not assess LGBTQ+ youth separately according to the different sexuality groups. CONCLUSION LGBTQ+ youth showed a higher prevalence of attempted suicide when compared to their heterosexual peers. Emotional and sexual abuse showed higher rates among LGBTQ+ youth, the cumulative effects of childhood trauma might explain the difficulties in developing healthy coping styles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Division of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Yi Feng
- Mental Health Center, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China; School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Han
- Department of Medical Psychology, The School of Health Humanities, Peking University, Beijing, China; Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhizhou Duan
- Preventive health service, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Amanda Wilson
- Division of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Julie Fish
- Division of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Shufang Sun
- Brown University School of Public Health, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, International Health Institute, US
| | - Runsen Chen
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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29
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Loo JL, Mohamad Kamal NA, Goon JA, Ahmad Damanhuri H, Tan JAC, Abdul Murad NA, Shah SA, Sulaiman SA, Fazry S, Sharip S, Mohamed Saini S, Gunasekaran G, Maniam T, A. Jamal AR, Wan Ngah WZ, Mohd Badli Shah FS, Chan LF. The Role of Oxidative Stress in Suicidal Behaviour Among Bipolar Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Malaysian Sample. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:698911. [PMID: 34916966 PMCID: PMC8669431 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.698911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oxidative stress markers are found to be linked with depression and suicide attempts in bipolar disorder (BD), although the role of DNA damage as a marker of suicidal ideation and attempt has yet to be determined. We aim to investigate the association between DNA damage and suicidal behaviour, i.e., suicidal ideation and suicide attempt, among suicidal ideators in BD patients while accounting for clinical and psychosocial risk factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre on 62 consecutive BD patients diagnosed using the M.I.N.I. Neuropsychiatric Interview and 26 healthy control participants. Socio-demographic and clinical assessments were performed using the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) for lifetime suicidal ideation and attempt, Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS) for depression severity, Clinical Global Impression for Bipolar Disorder (CGI-BD) for illness severity [both mania (CGI-Mania) and major depressive episode (CGI-MDE)], Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) for change in life events, and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) for behavioural impulsivity. The degree of DNA damage in peripheral blood samples was determined using a standard protocol of comet assay. Results: Multivariable logistic regression revealed higher scores of CGI-MDE as the sole significant factor for lifetime suicidal ideation (OR = 1.937, 95% CI = 1.799-2.076). Although initial bivariate analysis showed a significant association between DNA damage, malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and suicidal behaviour, the findings were not seen in multivariable logistic regression. Bivariate subgroup analysis showed that moderate and severe DNA damage (p = 0.032 and p = 0.047, respectively) was significantly associated with lifetime suicide attempts among lifetime suicidal ideators. The study is the first to look at the connexion between DNA damage and suicidal risk in bipolar patients. It is limited by the small sample size and lack of information on illicit substance use. Conclusions: More severe DNA damage was significantly associated with lifetime suicide attempts among lifetime suicidal ideators in BD. However, the severity of depression was found to be independently associated with lifetime suicidal ideation per se rather than DNA damage in BD. Larger prospective studies are required to ascertain the potential of DNA damage as a biomarker for the transition from suicidal ideation to a suicide attempt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiann Lin Loo
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Wrexham, United Kingdom
| | - Nurul Ain Mohamad Kamal
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jo Aan Goon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hanafi Ahmad Damanhuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jaclyn Ai Chin Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azian Abdul Murad
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shamsul Azhar Shah
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Aishah Sulaiman
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shazrul Fazry
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Shalisah Sharip
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suriati Mohamed Saini
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Geetha Gunasekaran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Thambu Maniam
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A. Rahman A. Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Zurinah Wan Ngah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Lai Fong Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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30
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Arafat SMY, Ali SAEZ, Menon V, Hussain F, Ansari DS, Baminiwatta A, Saleem T, Singh R, Varadharajan N, Biyyala D, Kar SK, Khan MM. Suicide methods in South Asia over two decades (2001-2020). Int J Soc Psychiatry 2021; 67:920-934. [PMID: 34027683 DOI: 10.1177/00207640211015700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is a global preventable public health problem. About a quarter of all suicides in the world occur in South Asia. As means restriction is an important suicide prevention strategy, gaining knowledge of the common suicide methods and their changing trends in each country and region is crucial. AIMS We aimed to assess the suicide methods in South Asian countries over the last two decades. METHODS A search was performed in PubMed, PubMed Central, Scopus, and Google Scholar with the search terms. Original articles of quantitative studies, published in the English language, from 2001 to 2020, with full-accessible text, that rank different methods of suicide in eight South Asian countries, were included. RESULTS A total of 68 studies were found eligible for review. The Maximum number of studies were found from India (n = 38), followed by Bangladesh (n = 12), Pakistan (n = 9), Sri Lanka (n = 6), and Nepal (n = 3). Hanging (n = 40, 55.8%) and poisoning (n = 24, 35.3%) were the two most common suicide methods reported, in that order. Hanging followed by poisoning were the commonest suicide methods in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan while in Sri Lanka, poisoning was the preferred method to hanging. There is a decline in suicide by poisoning and an increase in suicide by hanging in Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and India. Although hanging is still the commonest method in Pakistan, the use of firearms is growing in recent years (2011-2020). CONCLUSIONS There is a steady decline in the incidence of suicides by poisoning following pesticide regulations in South Asian countries. However, there is heterogeneity of study methods, probable under-reporting of suicide, and lack of robust suicide data.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Yasir Arafat
- Department of Psychiatry, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Vikas Menon
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, PY, India
| | - Fahad Hussain
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Daniyal Shabbir Ansari
- Department of Critical Care Unit (Anesthesia and ICU), Civil Hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Tamkeen Saleem
- Department of Psychology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, IS, Pakistan
| | - Rakesh Singh
- Department of Community Health Sciences, PatanAcademy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, BA, Nepal
| | - Natarajan Varadharajan
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, PY, India
| | - Deepika Biyyala
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, PY, India
| | - Sujita Kumar Kar
- Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Murad M Khan
- Department of Psychiatry, Aga Khan University, Karachi, SD, Pakistan
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Lee WC, Chang HM, Huang MC, Pan CH, Su SS, Tsai SY, Chen CC, Kuo CJ. All-cause and suicide mortality among people with methamphetamine use disorder: a nation-wide cohort study in Taiwan. Addiction 2021; 116:3127-3138. [PMID: 33788344 DOI: 10.1111/add.15501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although methamphetamine use is a serious public health problem, large-scale cohort studies assessing methamphetamine-related mortality are scant. This study investigated all-cause mortality and suicide methods in people with methamphetamine use disorder. DESIGN A cohort record-linkage study using data from Taiwan's National Health Research Institute Database (NHIRD) linked to Taiwan's National Death Certification System. SETTING Taiwan. PARTICIPANTS A total of 23 248 individuals with methamphetamine use disorder between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2005. MEASUREMENTS The outcome variables included mortality rates and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for all causes of death and for each suicide method. FINDINGS Compared with the general population, the current cohort had an increased all-cause mortality (SMR = 5.4), with the SMR for unnatural causes (14.8) higher than that for natural causes (7.5). Among all causes of death, suicide had the highest SMR (16.3), followed by neurological diseases (9.7). Among the methods of choice for suicide, drug overdose had the highest SMR (24.9). The incidence of charcoal burning and hanging was significantly higher in men and that of jumping from a high place was significantly higher in women. CONCLUSION People in Taiwan with methamphetamine use disorder appear to have a significantly increased all-cause mortality rate compared with the general population, with suicide having the highest contribution, particularly suicide via drug overdose. The methods of choice for suicide revealed distinct patterns between men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chen Lee
- Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hu-Ming Chang
- Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chyi Huang
- Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Pan
- Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychology, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Siang Su
- Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Ying Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Chicy Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chian-Jue Kuo
- Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Yeung CY, Men Y, Chen YC, Yip PSF. Home as the first site for suicide prevention: a Hong Kong experience. Inj Prev 2021; 28:225-230. [PMID: 34716180 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2021-044396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There has been little research into at-home suicide cases globally, and particularly in Asian regions. This study aimed to investigate the differences in characteristics between suicide cases in Hong Kong that occurred at home and elsewhere; identify at-home suicide hotspots in the community and compare the differences in area-level characteristics between suicide hotspots and other areas. METHODS Suicide cases (2013-2017) were identified from Hong Kong Coroner's Court reports. Area-level socioeconomic data were retrieved from the 2016 Hong Kong census. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, χ2 tests and multiple logistic regression models were applied to compare differences in characteristics between people committing suicide at home and elsewhere. Global hotspot tests (Moran's I and Getis-Ord General G) and local analysis (Getis-Ord Gi*) identified at-home suicide community hotspots. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare differences in area-level characteristics between at-home suicide hotspots and non-hotspots. RESULTS About 60% of suicide cases in Hong Kong occurred at home. Being female, widowed and/or living alone were significant predictors of at-home suicide cases. A U-shaped association between age and at-home suicide was identified, with 32 years of age being the critical turning point. An at-home suicide hotspot was identified in the north-western region of Hong Kong, which had lower median household income, higher income inequality and higher percentages of households with single elderly people, and new arrivals, compared with other areas. CONCLUSION Suicide prevention should start at home by restricting access to suicide methods. Community-based suicide prevention interventions with improvement of social services should target vulnerable members in identified suicide hotspots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheuk Yui Yeung
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yu Men
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yu-Chih Chen
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Paul Siu Fai Yip
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR .,Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
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33
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Currie DW, Schwab-Reese LM, Runyan CW. Psychiatric diagnoses are associated with means selection in united states suicide deaths. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:1791-1799. [PMID: 33388799 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-01999-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine whether the choice of means by persons who die by suicide is associated with a prior psychiatric diagnosis. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed suicide surveillance data from 18 states reporting to the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) between 2003 and 2014. NVDRS compiled data from multiple sources (e.g., coroner's reports, police reports, death certificates) on every violent death within reporting jurisdictions, including information on indicated psychiatric disorders and suicide means. We assessed whether the selected suicide means were associated with diagnoses using multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS Adjusted models suggested that, compared to decedents using firearms, those using poisoning were more likely to have each psychiatric disorder examined, including bipolar disorder (aOR: 2.17 [95% CI 2.03-2.32]), schizophrenia (aOR: 1.81 [1.61-2.04]), depression (aOR: 1.64 [1.58-1.70]), anxiety disorder (aOR: 1.46 [1.35-1.57]), and PTSD (aOR: 1.41 [1.22-1.64]). A far greater proportion of individuals who died from less common means (other than firearms, suffocation, or poisoning) had schizophrenia (aOR: 4.52 [4.00-5.11]). CONCLUSIONS Many existing and proposed means restriction interventions have focused on firearms. Additional focus on access to potential agents of poisoning (e.g., the type and quantity of medication administered to patients) among individuals with psychiatric diagnoses may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin W Currie
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Laura M Schwab-Reese
- Department of Public Health, Purdue University, 812 W State St, MTHW 214F, West Lafayette, IN, 47905, USA.
| | - Carol W Runyan
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Akbar S, Siddiqui ZK, Diwan RA, Rehm MH. Demographic profile and clinical picture of patients presented with Paraphenylene Diamine (PPD)/ Kala Pathar poisoning at a District Teaching Hospital. Pak J Med Sci 2021; 37:1397-1401. [PMID: 34475919 PMCID: PMC8377935 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.37.5.4251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To document demographic profile, clinical features and management of patients presented with PPD/Kala Pathar poisoning at District Teaching Hospital Sahiwal, Pakistan. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized data for cases of PPD poisoning presented at study place from 1st July 2019 to 30th June 2020. Relevant information was recorded on a proforma. Results: A total of 111 cases were included in study. Mean age was 23.01 ± 7.24 years. Majority of cases were observed in females (82%) and majority presented from rural areas (87.4%). Cervico-facial edema (78.4%) and respiratory distress (66.7%) were the most common findings. Evidence of some level of organ damage was recorded in following manner: kidneys (44.1%), musculoskeletal (50.5%) and cardiac (45.9%). Tracheostomy was carried out in 47.7% cases and dialysis in 11.7% cases. All cases ingested PPD in raw form. Mortality rate was 50.5%. Conclusion: PPD poisoning is associated with high rate of morbidity and mortality. Effective clinical management requires multidisciplinary approach. Measures to restrict access to this means of suicide are urgently needed. We need to set up a surveillance system for cases of attempted suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheraz Akbar
- Dr. Sheraz Akbar (MBBS), Demonstrator Community Medicine Department, Sahiwal Medical College (SLMC), Sahiwal, Punjab-Pakistan
| | - Zahid Kamal Siddiqui
- Dr. Zahid Kamal Siddiqui (MBBS, FRCS, FCPS), Professor of Ophthalmology and Principal, Sahiwal Medical College (SLMC), Sahiwal, Punjab-Pakistan
| | - Rana Aamir Diwan
- Dr. Rana Aamir Diwan (MBBS, MPH), Professor and Head of Community Medicine Department, Sahiwal Medical College (SLMC), Sahiwal, Punjab-Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hassam Rehm
- Dr. Muhammad Hassam Rehm (MBBS, MHM), Assistant Professor Community Medicine Department, Sahiwal Medical College (SLMC), Sahiwal, Punjab-Pakistan
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35
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McMaster R, Adachi K, Yada H, Odachi R, Omura M, Cleary M. Exploration of Mental Health Issues of Students among University Health Science Academics in Japan. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2021; 42:862-869. [PMID: 33739236 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2021.1894617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Academic educators in universities are well positioned to detect early signs and symptoms of unexplained behaviour change in students that could be the beginning of mental health issues. The purpose of this research was to explore the attitudes, beliefs, knowledge and practices of university academics in Japan towards health science students with psychological/mental health issues. This study used a qualitative descriptive design. Three focus groups using a semi-structured interview guide were conducted with 15 academics teaching health science students. Data were collected between March to October 2019. Themes revealed three areas of interest: 1) Reflection on mental health issues in Japan with sub-themes "family issues"; "society expectations and changes", and "stigma"; 2) Reflection on students' mental health issues with sub-themes "student behaviors", "staff involvement", "barriers encountered"; and, 3) Potential supports with sub-themes "university assistance", "communication and connection", and "interventions and prevention." The findings provide insight and can benefit student populations across diverse cultural university settings. Further research to investigate academic staff support with early recognition of mental ill-health and ability to provide information and advice to students is warranted. Recommendations include mental health education for academics and for students to encourage healthy university campuses and well-being within the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- R McMaster
- School of Nursing, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - K Adachi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Japan
| | - H Yada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Japan
| | - R Odachi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Omura
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medicine, and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M Cleary
- School of Nursing, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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36
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Yang CT, Yip PSF. Changes in the epidemiological profile of suicide in Hong Kong: a 40-year retrospective decomposition analysis. CHINA POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT STUDIES 2021; 5:153-173. [PMID: 34249402 PMCID: PMC8259555 DOI: 10.1007/s42379-021-00087-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The suicide rate in Hong Kong has increased significantly over the past four decades. Population subgroups such as the elderly or economically-distressed are reported to be more vulnerable than others to suicidal behaviors, while changing suicide methods (such as charcoal burning which emerged in 1998), has also contributed significantly to increasing suicide rates. However, the extent of the contribution of different factors to changes in suicide rate remains unclear. This paper reported on a decomposition analysis of the epidemiological profile of suicide in Hong Kong between 1976 and 2015, specifically considering factors underlying the increasing suicide rate over this period. Completed death registry information was available from the Census and Statistics Department of the Hong Kong SAR for this investigation. We compared absolute and relative contributions of gender, age and suicide method to rate changes over time. Changes in suicide rate were generally underpinned by more than one factor. Population aging in a rapidly-aging city contributed significantly to suicide rate increases, whilst jumping from a height had the greatest influence on rate changes throughout the study period. Suicides by male aged 25-34 years and 45-54 years were more likely to be triggered by economic factors, compared with the other gender-age subgroups. The decomposition approach provided a comprehensive understanding about how socioeconomic factors and suicide methods interacted to influence over-time suicide patterns. This research supports development of more focused suicide prevention measures to reduce suicide rate. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42379-021-00087-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ting Yang
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul Siu Fai Yip
- Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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37
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Lawes JC, Peden AE, Bugeja L, Strasiotto L, Daw S, Franklin RC. Suicide along the Australian coast: Exploring the epidemiology and risk factors. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251938. [PMID: 34015048 PMCID: PMC8136651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Suicide is an increasing global concern with multiple risk factors, yet location-based understanding is limited. In Australia, surf lifesavers (SLS) and lifeguards patrol the coast, performing rescues and assisting injured people, including people who suicide. This study is a descriptive epidemiological analysis of Australian coastal suicide deaths. The results will be used to inform training and support surf lifesaving personnel and suicide prevention organisations. This is a population-based cross-sectional study of suicide deaths at Australian coastal locations (between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2019). Data were sourced from the National Coronial Information System and SLS Australia's Incident Report Database. Analyses explored decedent, incident, and risk factors by sex and method. Across the study period, there were 666 coastal suicide deaths (71.0% male, 43.4% jumping from high places [X80]). Males were more likely to suicide by other means (hanging, self-poisoning, firearm discharge; n = 145, 83.8%), compared to females who were more likely to suicide by drowning ([X71]; n = 77, 37.7%). In one third (n = 225, 38.3%) toxicology was a contributing factor. The risk of coastal suicides was 10.3 times higher during the seven-days prior to their birthday (p<0.001). Evidence of mental ill health was reported in 61.4% (n = 409) of cases and evidence of suicidal behaviour was reported for 37.4% of decedents (n = 249), more prevalent in females. SLS responded in 10.7% (n = 71) of coastal suicides (most jumps from high places; n = 36, 50.7%). Coastal suicides differ to national trends suggesting that location-based differences should be considered during development of preventative and protective measures, especially at a community level. Accessibility, availability, perceived lethality and symbolic qualities are proposed to influence suicide location decisions. These results will guide support and education strategies for surf lifesaving personnel, contributes to established, ongoing suicide surveillance efforts (including hot-spot identification) and add to the limited literature exploring place-based suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin C. Lawes
- Surf Life Saving Australia, Bondi Beach, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Beach Safety Research Group, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amy E. Peden
- Beach Safety Research Group, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lyndal Bugeja
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Southbank, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Luke Strasiotto
- Surf Life Saving Australia, Bondi Beach, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shane Daw
- Surf Life Saving Australia, Bondi Beach, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard C. Franklin
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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Yazdi-Ravandi S, Khazaei S, Shahbazi F, Matinnia N, Ghaleiha A. Predictors of completed suicide: Results from the suicide registry program in the west of Iran. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 59:102615. [PMID: 33774533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is a crucial public health problem with a serious harmful impact on individuals, families, and societies. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the predictors of death or serious injury related outcome regarding this lethal phenomenon in Hamadan Province. In this registry-based study we used all of suicide attempt entered in Hamadan Suicide Registry Program from January 2016 to the end of 2017. Serious injury and death were considered as suicide worse outcome and its prognostic factors were examined using logistic regression model. From 2493 patients with suicide attempts in 5.61 % and 4.09 % of them, suicide behaviour led to serious injury and death, respectively. Males had 2.83 times higher odds of the worse suicide outcomes ([OR = 2.83, 95 % CI: 1.71, 4.68)], P < 0.001). Moreover, the odds of worse outcomes of suicide in individuals with low level of education, advanced age and with the history of suicidal ideation was significantly higher (P < 0.05). Among different suicide methods, the highest odds of suicide worse outcomes were related to self-immolation, falls, hanging, self-harm, poisoning, and drugs (P < 0.001). We found that the increase odds of suicide worse outcomes were associated with individuals advance age, low level of education, time of suicide attempt, previous history of suicidal ideation and choosing self-immolation, falls, hanging, self-harm, poisoning, and drugs as a suicide method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Yazdi-Ravandi
- Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Salman Khazaei
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shahbazi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Nasrin Matinnia
- Department of Nursing, College of Basic Science, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Ali Ghaleiha
- Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Moitra M, Santomauro D, Degenhardt L, Collins PY, Whiteford H, Vos T, Ferrari A. Estimating the risk of suicide associated with mental disorders: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 137:242-249. [PMID: 33714076 PMCID: PMC8095367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental disorders (MDs) are known risk factors for suicide. This systematic review updates the evidence base for this association and improves upon analytic approaches by incorporating study-level and methodological variables to account for measurement error in pooled suicide risk estimates. METHODS A systematic review was conducted to review studies on MDs as risk factors for suicide. Relevant studies were searched using PubMed, Embase, PsychINFO, and existing reviews from 2010 to 19. Studies were eligible if they were longitudinal/case-control studies, representative of the general population, used diagnostic instruments, and quantified suicide risk. The outcome assessed was relative risks (RRs) for suicide due to MDs. A multi-level meta-regression approach was used to obtain pooled RRs adjusted for covariates and between-study effects. FINDINGS We identified 20 eligible studies yielding 69 RRs. Disorder type, age, sex, use of psychological autopsy, study design, and adjustment for confounders were tested as predictors of pooled suicide risk. Overall, all disorders were significant predictors of suicide with predicted adjusted RRs ranging from 4·11 [2·09, 8·09] for dysthymia to 7·64 [4·3, 13·58] for major depressive disorder. INTERPRETATION Our results indicate that MDs are important risk factors for suicide. This systematic review provides pooled RRs that have been adjusted for methodological sources of bias. Findings from our paper may inform suicide prevention strategies as part of national health agendas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modhurima Moitra
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, United States; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, United States.
| | - Damian Santomauro
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, United States; The University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Queensland, Australia; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Queensland, Australia
| | - Louisa Degenhardt
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, United States; National Drug and Alcohol Research Center, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pamela Y Collins
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, United States
| | - Harvey Whiteford
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, United States; The University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Queensland, Australia; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Queensland, Australia
| | - Theo Vos
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, United States
| | - Alize Ferrari
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, United States; The University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Queensland, Australia; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Queensland, Australia
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40
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Bizri M, Zeinoun L, Mihailescu AM, Daher M, Atoui M, Chammay R, Nahas Z. A closer look at patterns and characteristics of suicide in Lebanon: A first nationwide report of cases from 2008 to 2018. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 59:102635. [PMID: 33845301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is a leading preventable cause of mortality worldwide. Suicide rates in Lebanon are unknown, as reported numbers are extrapolated and modeled over neighboring countries with poor quality of vital registration data. METHODS Numbers of death by suicide were obtained from the Internal Security Forces records from January 2008 through December 2018. Records from 2011 through 2018 specified the gender of the individual, the means of the suicide, the date and place of suicide. As of March 2014, nationality of the individual was recorded. RESULTS The total recorded number of completed suicides over 11 years is 1366 with an annual rate ranging between 1.87 and 2.4 per 100,000 capita. The male to female ratio was 2:1. Death by firearms (41.4 %) was the most common means used, followed by hanging (26.5 %), jumping from a height (13.6 %), and poisoning (13.5 %). Males were more likely to use firearms while females were more likely to use hanging or jumping from a height (p < 0.001), the latter being a common finding in non-Lebanese nationals (Ethiopian). Suicides were most common in Mount Lebanon and least common in Nabatieh governates, while their distribution across seasons was similar. CONCLUSION In Lebanon, like most of the Middle Eastern countries, suicide is a social and religious taboo. Our study shows a sizable prevalence of suicide rates, particularly after national efforts to improve awareness and reporting. Suicide means and vulnerable populations should be at the heart of targeted prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Bizri
- Department of Psychiatry, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | | | - Alexandra M Mihailescu
- Department of Psychological and Behavioural Science, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Rabih Chammay
- National Mental Health Program, Ministry of Public health, Beirut, Lebanon; Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ziad Nahas
- Embrace NGO, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
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Method-Specific Suicide Mortality Trends in Australian Men from 1978 to 2017. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094557. [PMID: 33923084 PMCID: PMC8123328 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In 2017 Australia saw the highest overall suicide rate in the past 10 years, with male suicide rates three times higher than in women. Since the mid-1980s there have been major changes in suicide epidemiology in Australia with large shifts in method of suicide among both men and women. This study examined method-specific suicide trends in Australian men over the past 40 years by state. Suicide mortality data for the period 1978 to 2017 was obtained from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) National Mortality Database and log-linear Poisson regression analysis was used to analyse suicide mortality. This study found large differences between states in patterns and trends in suicide mortality from 1978 to 2017. Hanging, gas and firearms were the most common methods of suicide in Australia. We found statistically significant increasing trends in hanging suicide among men in all six states. The study findings highlight the growing concern of hanging-related suicide in all states in Australia since the late 1970s. New suicide prevention strategies focusing on the ubiquity and ease of hanging as a method will be needed in order for Australia to reduce suicide mortality in future.
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Pasculli AJ, Harris KM. Suicidal women may risk their lives but not their social relationships. CLIN PSYCHOL-UK 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/cp.12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh J Pasculli
- School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia,
| | - Keith M Harris
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia,
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia,
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Wang P, Goggins WB, Zhang X, Ren C, Lau KKL. Association of urban built environment and socioeconomic factors with suicide mortality in high-density cities: A case study of Hong Kong. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 739:139877. [PMID: 32534310 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Population ageing, climate change and urbanization have been occurring rapidly globally. Evidence-based healthy city development is required to improve living quality and mitigate the adverse impact of city living on both physical and mental health. We took a high-density city as an example to explore the association of built environment and suicide mortality and preferably to offer some implications for better future city development. Poisson generalized linear models with generalized estimation equations were employed to regress suicide mortality rate on four urban built environment variables (frontal area density (FAD), sky view factor (SVF), ground coverage ratio (GCR), and street coverage ratio (SCR)), as well as socioeconomic factors, population density, and greenery. The association for different causes of death and within different subgroups was also investigated. Generally, higher FAD and GCR were associated with higher suicide mortality while higher SVF and SCR were associated with lower suicide mortality. Age was a significant effect modifier. An interquartile range increase in FAD, SVF, and GCR was associated with 0.81 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.71-0.92), 1.41 (95% CI 1.04-1.91), and 0.70 (95% CI 0.50-0.98) times the risk of suicide among the people aged over 70, respectively. Higher population density and unmarried status were generally associated with higher suicide rate whereas higher education level was associated with a decreased risk. Unfavorable built environment could increase risks for successful suicide attempts. Better urban development with morphological control mitigating intensifying urban heat island and other micro-environment changes are warranted to promote not only physical but psychological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Wang
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - William B Goggins
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xuyi Zhang
- Faculty of Architecture, The University of Hong Kong, 4/F, Knowles Building, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chao Ren
- Faculty of Architecture, The University of Hong Kong, 4/F, Knowles Building, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kevin Ka-Lun Lau
- Institute of Future Cities, Chung Chi College, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Room 406B, Wong Foo Yuan Building, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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Khan AR, Ratele K, Arendse N, Islam MZ, Dery I. Suicide and Attempted Suicide in Jhenaidah District, Bangladesh, 2010–2018. CRISIS 2020; 41:304-312. [DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Background: Suicide and attempted suicide are a serious but under-explored public health problem in Bangladesh. Survey estimates suggest that Jhenaidah District, one of the 64 districts that make up Bangladesh, is one of the highest suicide-prone regions in Bangladesh. Relatively little is known about the magnitude of suicide attempts in the district. Aims: This article describes the incidence of suicide and suicide attempts for Jhenaidah, Bangladesh for the period 2010–2018. Method: Primary descriptive analysis was performed on routine data collected by a Bangladesh-based nongovernment organization (NGO): Societies for Voluntary Activities (SOVA). Results: A total of 22,675 suicide attempts and 3,152 suicides occurred in the district. The rate of suicide attempts was found to be 136.35/100,000 and the suicide rate was found to be 20.6/100,000 in Jhenaidah. The subdistrict Sadar had the highest incidence of suicide attempt (38.09%) and suicide (33.47%). Poisoning was the most common method of suicide attempt for both males (77.07%) and females (77%). Limitations: Many cases of suicide attempts and suicide are unreported in Bangladesh owing to stigmatization; only reported cases form part of this investigation. Conclusion: Jhenaidah has very high rates of suicide and suicide attempts that surpass the global and Bangladesh averages. Although females demonstrate higher suicide rates, male suicide rates have gradually increased over the study period. Future studies are called for to better understand the local patterns and dynamics of fatal and nonfatal suicidal behaviors. Developing a sub-district-, district-, and national-level suicide prevention strategy ought to be considered a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisur Rahman Khan
- Department of Sociology, East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Institute for Social and Health Sciences, University of South Africa (UNISA), Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kopano Ratele
- Institute for Social and Health Sciences, University of South Africa (UNISA), Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Najuwa Arendse
- Institute for Social and Health Sciences, University of South Africa (UNISA), Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Isaac Dery
- Institute for Social and Health Sciences, University of South Africa (UNISA), Cape Town, South Africa
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Arafat SY, Mali B, Akter H. Characteristics, methods and precipitating events of suicidal behaviors in Bangladesh: A year-round content analysis of six national newspapers. NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND BRAIN RESEARCH 2020; 36:14-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.npbr.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Arafat SY, Mali B, Akter H. Characteristics of suicidal attempts in Bangla online news portals. NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND BRAIN RESEARCH 2020; 36:83-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.npbr.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Patel NS, Choudhary N, Choudhary N, Yadav V, Dabar D, Singh M. A hospital-based cross-sectional study on suicidal poisoning in Western Uttar Pradesh. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:3010-3014. [PMID: 32984164 PMCID: PMC7491854 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_306_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Poisoning is most common method of committing suicide in India. Objectives of this study to assess prevalence of suicidal poisoning among all poisoning cases, its socio-demographic profile and its reasons in all admitted cases of suicidal poisoning in hospital. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on cases of poisoning of any age group admitted in the Chhatrapati Shivaji Subharti Hospital, Meerut. Poisoning cases with history or evidence of suicide were further interviewed. A semi-structured interview schedule in Hindi was used to collect data. Microsoft Excel 365 and R software version 3.6.0 were used for data entry and analysis respectively. RESULTS Among total 135 poisoning cases admitted in hospital, 126 provided consent and included in the study. Prevalence of suicidal poisoning was 77.7% (98). Most common age group involved was 11-20 years (36.7%) and 21-30 years (35.7%) and most of the participants were males (59.2%). Most suicidal poisoning cases took Aluminum Phosphide (31.6%), followed by Organophosphates (20.4%) as poison. Most frequent reasons for suicide as described by participants were 'Family quarrel or family unhappiness' (29.6%), 'failure in examination or interview or business' (23.5%), 'ill treatment by spouse or in laws' (16.3%) and 'unemployment' (9.2%). CONCLUSION Our study shows that consuming Agriculture poisons (Aluminum Phosphide and Organophosphates) are most common (52%) poisons consumed by suicidal poisoning cases. Agriculture poisons (Aluminum Phosphide and Organophosphates) are easily available in markets in India. There should be some restriction on their purchase to reduce suicidal incidences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Singh Patel
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Government Medical College, Vidisha, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhi Choudhary
- Department of Dermatology, RKDF Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Nitin Choudhary
- Department of Endocrinology, AIIMS, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Vikas Yadav
- Department of Community Medicine, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Government Medical College, Vidisha, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Deepti Dabar
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, AIIMS, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Mahendra Singh
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, AIIMS, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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Zamani M, Zamani V. Suicidal Behavior in Iran: What Should Be Done? JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2020; 59:503-504. [PMID: 28012113 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-016-0340-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zamani
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | - Vahid Zamani
- Vice-Chancellery for Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Abdulai T. Trends of online news media reported suicides in Ghana (1997-2019). BMC Public Health 2020; 20:35. [PMID: 31918688 PMCID: PMC6953180 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-8149-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicides have become headline news in most developing countries and often feature on front pages with accompanying graphic pictures on prominent news portals. There has been an increased reportage of suicides by the Ghanaian news media. This study aims to shed light on the trend of online news media reporting of suicides, and the epidemiology of media reported suicides in Ghana. METHODS An online search was conducted for news media reports of suicides committed in Ghana. One hundred and forty-two (142) news media reported suicides spanning 1997 to 31st July 2019 were retrieved and included in the analyses. RESULTS The victims of suicides were predominantly male (85.92%), young (mean age = 34.81 ± 15.71 years; range 10-86 years). Suicide by hanging (67.94%), the use of firearms (18.32%), and self-poisoning (8.93%) were the common methods used by the victims. There has been increased online news media reportage of suicides in Ghana in the last 3 years; 2017 witnessed the highest reportage of 30 (21%) cases. Marital or relationships and family problems were commonly cited as the reasons for the commission of suicides; mental disorders, and financial problems were also cited as immediate triggers of the suicides by close relations of the victims. CONCLUSION There is an increased media reportage of suicides in Ghana, although this cannot be linked to a corresponding increase in suicide incidence. Interventions to decrease the risk of suicide among vulnerable populations (young adults) such as the identification of suicidal behavior, making mental healthcare services more accessible by integrating into the general healthcare service, public education, establishing a suicide hotline will be critical programs to help reduce suicide incidence in Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanko Abdulai
- Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana.
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50
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Hassanipour S, Kazemi H, Ghayour AR, Kazemi-Najafabadi A, Nikbakht HA, Ghaem H. Epidemiological trend of suicide in center of Iran from 2012 to 2016. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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