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Wu SL, Mah PN, Yap CC, Fam JY, Tan SA. Psychological Distress Among Malaysian University Students: The Protective Roles of Hope, Optimism, Resilience, and Self-Efficacy. J Genet Psychol 2025:1-17. [PMID: 40314234 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2025.2497457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2025] [Accepted: 04/21/2025] [Indexed: 05/03/2025]
Abstract
Psychological distress is a growing concern among university students, yet the role of Psychological Capital (PsyCap) components in mitigating distress remains unclear. This study examines the protective roles of self-efficacy, optimism, hope, and resilience on psychological distress among Malaysian university students. A total of 547 students aged 18 to 24 years (M = 21.23, SD = 1.82) participated in this cross-sectional correlational study. Using SmartPLS software, the regression analysis showed that self-efficacy and optimism were significant negative predictors of psychological distress, whereas pessimism and succumbing were significant positive predictors. However, hope and resilience did not exhibit significant predictive effects. These findings highlight the protective roles of self-efficacy and optimism in reducing distress, while acknowledging the detrimental impact of pessimism and succumbing. Outcomes of the study support Psychological Distress Theory and partially validate PsyCap, highlighting the distinct contributions of its components on psychological distress. Addressing these negative psychological constructs through targeted interventions such as self-efficacy enhancement workshops and cognitive-behavioural programs may help reduce pessimistic thoughts and psychological distress among university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Ling Wu
- School of Psychology, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pei Nee Mah
- School of Psychology, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chin Choo Yap
- School of Psychology, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jia Yuin Fam
- School of Psychology, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Soon Aun Tan
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Perak
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Ren L, Ahn S. Dyadic Coping, Resilience and Post-Traumatic Growth in Young and Middle-Aged Coronary Heart Disease Patients and Their Spousal Caregivers: An Actor-Partner Interdependence Mediation Model. J Adv Nurs 2025. [PMID: 40195506 DOI: 10.1111/jan.16961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2025] [Accepted: 03/24/2025] [Indexed: 04/09/2025]
Abstract
AIMS This study was to explore the mediating effect of resilience on the relationship between dyadic coping and post-traumatic growth in patient-spousal caregiver dyads living with coronary heart disease (CHD). DESIGN A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2022 to June 2023. METHODS Three hundred eighteen young and middle-aged patient-spousal caregiver dyads from a tertiary hospital in China participated. The dyadic participants were evaluated using self-report questionnaires on dyadic coping, resilience and post-traumatic growth. RESULTS A significant actor effect was observed, in which dyadic coping in patients was associated with their own post-traumatic growth; this relationship was partially mediated by both the patient's and the partner's resilience. Furthermore, in the examination of partner effects, the association between dyadic coping in spousal caregivers and post-traumatic growth in patients was found to be completely mediated by the resilience of both the patients and the caregivers. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that the dyadic coping, resilience and post-traumatic growth of patients and their spousal caregivers display interactive effects. Healthcare providers treating CHD should regard patient-spousal caregiver dyads as a whole and implement interventions that focus on improving positive dyadic coping and resilience to promote post-traumatic growth. IMPACT This paper found that the patients with CHD and their spousal caregivers exhibited low levels of post-traumatic growth, with both groups demonstrating mediating and interactive effects via resilience. The findings offer valuable insights to support the early primary identification and implementation of more effective intervention strategies aimed at fostering post-traumatic growth in CHD patient-spousal caregiver dyads. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Ren
- College of Nursing, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
- College of Nursing, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukhee Ahn
- College of Nursing, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Lim SSM, Brooker A, Giampiccolo A, Klidis S, Lim HS, Mei M, Narayanan A, Neuville J, Putnam NM, Srinivasan K, Ting PW, Tsui M, Woo KZ, Zoumboukos DT, Lek JJ. Resilience and its associated factors in optometry students from eight institutions across six countries. Clin Exp Optom 2025; 108:310-317. [PMID: 39895514 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2025.2454532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 01/08/2025] [Accepted: 01/09/2025] [Indexed: 02/04/2025] Open
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE Resilience is a key enabler for healthcare professionals including optometrists, to cope with adversities and practice self-care. Evaluating the levels of resilience and its associated factors in optometry students can lead to the development of appropriate intervention strategies for academic and professional success. BACKGROUND The moderately high prevalence of mental health issues and burnout among optometry students suggests a need to equip the next generation of optometrists with the necessary skills to enhance mental health. Resilience has been shown to mitigate burnout among healthcare professionals and offer personal and professional benefits. Additionally, resilience education during healthcare student training can enhance mental health and wellbeing, leading to better patient care. This study aims to evaluate resilience levels and its associated factors (self-efficacy, mindfulness, positive and negative affect, and coping strategies) in optometry students. METHODS Students enrolled in optometry schools across eight institutions in six countries were invited to participate in an online survey within the period of April 2023 - January 2024. The survey comprised of demographic data, existing and validated questionnaires on resilience, self-efficacy, mindfulness, positive and negative affect, and coping strategies. Descriptive statistics and linear regressions were used for analysis. RESULTS A total of 294 valid responses were collected. There were no significant differences in resilience scores between countries. Greater resilience (p < 0.05) was associated with older age, higher academic grades and having no financial assistance. Additional predictors of greater resilience included higher self-efficacy, mindfulness, positive affect and acceptance scores, and lower behavioural disengagement scores. CONCLUSION Identifying factors that affect resilience in optometry students provides information for targeted strategies that enhance resilience. More work is required to understand the generalisability of these results, impact of culture on resilience, and appropriate intervention methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Si Ming Lim
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Abi Brooker
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alessia Giampiccolo
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stan Klidis
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hui Shan Lim
- School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore
| | - Melinda Mei
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Jessica Neuville
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nicole M Putnam
- Department of Biological and Vision Sciences, State University of New York College of Optometry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Krithica Srinivasan
- Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | | | - Macy Tsui
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Diana T Zoumboukos
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jia Jia Lek
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Dell’Oste V, Martelli M, Fantasia S, Andreoli D, Rimoldi B, Bordacchini A, Pini S, Carmassi C. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in ICU Survivors: Correlations with Long-Term Psychiatric and Physical Outcomes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2025; 22:405. [PMID: 40238519 PMCID: PMC11942171 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph22030405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2025] [Accepted: 03/04/2025] [Indexed: 04/18/2025]
Abstract
Intensive care unit (ICU) admission can represent a relevant physical and psychological burden in patients, leading to long-term mental health problems such as anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The present study aimed to systematically assess the physical and psychiatric (particularly depressive, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress) symptoms in patients discharged from the ICU of a major University Hospital in Italy (Pisa) 6 months earlier, with particular, attention to differences between patients who developed PTSD and those who did not. The strength of this study is to increase the understanding of PTSD, depressive and anxiety symptoms; in particular, their correlations with the physical sequalae. Subjects were assessed six months after ICU discharge by means of the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOS-E), Quality of Life after Brain Injury (QOLIBRI), the 3-level version of the EQ-5D (EQ-5D-3L) questionnaire, Impact of Event Scale-Revised 22-item (IES-R), Patient Health Questionnaire, 9-Item Version (PHQ-9), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment, 7-item version (GAD-7). The results of this study showed, in accordance with the IES-R, a moderate prevalence of PTSD (25.3%) six month after ICU discharge and a statistically significant higher prevalence (63.6%, p = 0.039) of moderate and severe disabilities in the PTSD group compared to the no-PTSD group, as well as higher depressive and anxiety symptoms and other psychiatric sequelae, suggesting the need for accurate long-term psychiatric assessment in ICU survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Dell’Oste
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (V.D.); (S.F.); (D.A.); (B.R.); (A.B.)
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction, Azienda USL Toscana Nord-Ovest, 55100 Lucca, Italy
| | - Maria Martelli
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Sara Fantasia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (V.D.); (S.F.); (D.A.); (B.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Debora Andreoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (V.D.); (S.F.); (D.A.); (B.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Berenice Rimoldi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (V.D.); (S.F.); (D.A.); (B.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrea Bordacchini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (V.D.); (S.F.); (D.A.); (B.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Silvia Pini
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Claudia Carmassi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (V.D.); (S.F.); (D.A.); (B.R.); (A.B.)
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Arcand M, Zerroug Y, Peyrot C, Cernik R, Herba CM, Marin M. Effect of Coping Strategies on Perceived Stress and Hair Cortisol Levels During the COVID-19 Pandemic According to Sex. Stress Health 2025; 41:e70012. [PMID: 39905738 PMCID: PMC11795019 DOI: 10.1002/smi.70012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 01/20/2025] [Accepted: 01/23/2025] [Indexed: 02/06/2025]
Abstract
The COVID-19 crisis generated subjective and physiological stress, with important interindividual differences. Studies have shown that coping strategies and sex modulate subjective stress, although their effects on stress hormones have been overlooked. In addition, it remains unknown whether sex and coping interact to predict these stress metrics during long-term stressful events. To examine the impact of coping strategies, sex, and their interaction on subjective and physiological indicators of stress during the year following the arrival of the COVID-19 virus. Coping strategies were assessed using the Brief COPE questionnaire in May 2020. Stress symptoms were assessed as a subjective indicator of stress every 3 months (June 2020 to March 2021) with the Perceived Stress Scale questionnaire in 155 participants (49 men). Of these individuals, 111 provided a 6-cm hair sample in June 2020 to estimate cortisol levels as a physiological indicator of stress before and during the first lockdown. A factor analysis identified three clusters of coping strategies: positive-oriented, avoidance-oriented, and social support. For subjective stress, a linear-mixed model showed that women reported more stress than men. Positive-oriented and avoidance-oriented strategies were associated with less and more stress, respectively. An interaction between sex and coping strategies indicated a positive relationship between social support and perceived stress levels in men. However, among men and women who used this strategy infrequently, women reported higher stress levels than men. For physiological stress, a regression revealed that women had greater cortisol secretion in response to the pandemic. These findings suggest that coping and sex modulate subjective stress, whereas sex influences physiological stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryse Arcand
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire en santé mentale de MontréalMontrealCanada
- Department of Psychiatry and AddictionUniversité de MontréalMontréalCanada
| | - Yasmine Zerroug
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire en santé mentale de MontréalMontrealCanada
- Department of PsychologyUniversité du Québec à MontréalMontréalCanada
- Sainte‐Justine University Hospital Research CenterMontréalCanada
| | - Clémence Peyrot
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire en santé mentale de MontréalMontrealCanada
- Department of Psychiatry and AddictionUniversité de MontréalMontréalCanada
| | - Rebecca Cernik
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire en santé mentale de MontréalMontrealCanada
- Department of PsychologyUniversité du Québec à MontréalMontréalCanada
| | - Catherine M. Herba
- Department of Psychiatry and AddictionUniversité de MontréalMontréalCanada
- Department of PsychologyUniversité du Québec à MontréalMontréalCanada
- Sainte‐Justine University Hospital Research CenterMontréalCanada
| | - Marie‐France Marin
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire en santé mentale de MontréalMontrealCanada
- Department of Psychiatry and AddictionUniversité de MontréalMontréalCanada
- Department of PsychologyUniversité du Québec à MontréalMontréalCanada
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Ottaviani G, Canfora F, Leuci S, Coppola N, Pecoraro G, Rupel K, Bogdan Preda MT, Vello V, Umberto A, Gasparro R, Gobbo M, Guarda-Nardini L, Giudice A, Calabria E, Aria M, D'Aniello L, Fortuna G, Biasotto M, Di Lenarda R, Mignogna MD, Adamo D. COVID-19 impact on post-traumatic stress symptoms in burning mouth syndrome: A multicentric study. Oral Dis 2024; 30:4653-4667. [PMID: 38462757 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigates the psychological impact of COVID-19 on burning mouth syndrome (BMS) patients. It focuses on comparing post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), post-traumatic growth (PTG), and resilience between BMS patients and Controls. METHODS A total of 100 BMS patients and 100 Controls from five Italian centers participated in this observational cross-sectional study. They completed several assessments, including the General Health Questionnaire, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale, Insomnia Severity Index, National Stressful Events Survey Short Scale, Impact of Event Scale-Revised, Post Traumatic Growth Inventory Short Form, and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. RESULTS BMS patients had significantly higher stress, anxiety, and depression (DASS-21 score) and post-traumatic stress symptoms (IES-R-6 score), particularly in terms of intrusive thoughts. They showed lower post-traumatic growth (PTGI-SF score) compared to Controls. The resilience scale (CDRS-10) was a key predictor of PTG in both groups, explaining a significant variance in PTGI-SF scores. CONCLUSIONS BMS patients experienced heightened post-traumatic stress, stress, anxiety, and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic, with reduced post-traumatic growth. This highlights the need to prioritize their psychological well-being, focusing on stress management and fostering post-traumatic growth in challenging times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Ottaviani
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Federica Canfora
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Leuci
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Noemi Coppola
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pecoraro
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Katia Rupel
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Veronica Vello
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Albert Umberto
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Roberta Gasparro
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Margherita Gobbo
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Luca Guarda-Nardini
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Amerigo Giudice
- Dentistry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elena Calabria
- Dentistry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Massimo Aria
- Department of Economics and Statistics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca D'Aniello
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giulio Fortuna
- Department of Oral Medicine, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Matteo Biasotto
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Roberto Di Lenarda
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Davide Mignogna
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Adamo
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Carmassi C, Bertelloni CA, Dell'Oste V, Pedrinelli V, Fantasia S, Atti AR, Goracci A, Nanni MG, Massimetti E, Dell'Osso L, Bui E. The relationship between peritraumatic distress, mental health symptoms, and functioning impairment in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 emergency. CNS Spectr 2024; 29:261-267. [PMID: 38327004 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852923006338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Healthcare workers (HCWs) were considered a population at risk for developing psychiatric symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic, such as anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Peritraumatic distress is associated with post-traumatic psychopathological symptoms; however, little is known about how it may affect functioning. The study aimed at evaluating the level of peritraumatic distress in a sample of HCWs during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and at examining the relationship between peritraumatic distress, mental health symptoms, and functioning impairment. METHODS A sample of 554 frontline HCWs were consecutively enrolled in major university hospitals and community services in Italy. The PDI, IES-R, PHQ-9, and GAD-7 were used to assess peritraumatic distress, symptoms of PTSD, depression, and anxiety, respectively, and the WSAS to investigate functioning impairment. PDI scores were higher among females, community services, physicians, and nurses. Furthermore, the PDI correlated significantly with the GAD-7, PHQ-9, IES-R, and WSAS. RESULTS In a mediation analysis, the direct effect of PDI on WSAS and the indirect effects through the PHQ-9 and IES-R were statistically significant (P < .001). CONCLUSION Peritraumatic distress reported by HCWs was associated with symptoms of PTSD, depression, and anxiety, but the association with reduced functioning may be only partially mediated through symptoms of depression and PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Carmassi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Valerio Dell'Oste
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Virginia Pedrinelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Fantasia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna-Rita Atti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Arianna Goracci
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Nanni
- Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Enrico Massimetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lilliana Dell'Osso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Eric Bui
- Department of Psychiatry Caen University of Caen, Normandy & Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
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Rudilla D, Molina M, Valenzuela C, Casanova Á, Ancochea J. A Study on the Psychological Profile and Coping With the Disease in Patients With Lymphangioleiomyomatosis. OPEN RESPIRATORY ARCHIVES 2024; 6:100327. [PMID: 38764717 PMCID: PMC11101749 DOI: 10.1016/j.opresp.2024.100327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare disease that affects women almost exclusively. We aimed to determine the psychological profile in patients with LAM, and their potential association with sociodemographic and clinical features, and to know their role in coping with the disease. Material and methods Cross-sectional and descriptive study in collaboration with the Spanish Association of LAM (AELAM). The variables measured were: socio-demographic, psychological (anxiety, depression, demoralization, spirituality, resilience, social support), clinical (treatment) and health-related quality of life. Results We studied 87 LAM patients, with a mean (SD) age of 47.7 (7.7) years, and time since diagnose was 10.1 (5.4) years. 75.9% of patients were receiving sirolimus or everolimus, and oxygen therapy was required in 34.5% of patients. Anxiety was found in 46% of patients, depression in 55%, while only 2% presented demoralization and 14% deficit in spirituality. Social support and resilience were adequate. The "non-severe" group (without oxygen therapy) presented worse results in anxiety. A structural equation model to explore association between variables, showed very adequate fit indices: χ2(14) = 29.743 (p = .074); CFI = .983; TLI = .967; SRMR = .058; RMSEA = .075[.000-.128]. The model identifies resilience, spirituality and social support as "protective factors" from anxiety, depression, and demoralization. Conclusions This study performed on a large series of women with LAM describes their psychological profile, in addition to showing how they cope with the disease. We have found that other psychological constructs, such as perceived social support and resilience, are protective factors. Early psychological evaluation and intervention is necessary to reduce comorbidities and prevent mental health problems in women with LAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rudilla
- Air Liquide Healthcare Spain, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Molina
- Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL)
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Radulovic D, Masic S, Stanisavljevic D, Bokonjic D, Radevic S, Rajovic N, Milić NV, Simic Vukomanovic I, Mijovic B, Vukovic M, Dubravac Tanaskovic M, Jojic M, Vladicic Masic J, Spaic D, Milic NM. A Complex Relationship between Quality of Life, Anxiety, and Depression among General Population during Second Year of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Population-Based Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3874. [PMID: 38999440 PMCID: PMC11242713 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13133874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the global economy and public health, disrupting various aspects of daily life. Apart from its direct effects on physical health, it has also significantly affected the overall quality of life and mental health. This study employed a path analysis to explore the complex association among multiple factors associated with quality of life, anxiety, and depression in the general population of the Republic of Srpska during the pandemic's second year. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a nationally representative sample (n = 1382) of the general population (adults aged 20+) during the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia, and Herzegovina. Assessment tools included the DASS-21 scale for depression, anxiety, and stress, along with the Brief COPE scale, Quality of Life Scale (QOLS), and Oslo Social Support Scale (OSSS-3). Sociodemographic factors and comorbidities were also assessed. Structural equation modeling was used to identify the direct and indirect links of various characteristics to quality of life, anxiety, and depression. Results: This study revealed a considerable prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms (27.5% and 20.9%, respectively), with quality of life playing a significant mediating role. The constructed path model accounted for 33.1% of moderate to severe depression and 79.5% of anxiety. Negative coping was directly linked to anxiety and indirectly to depression via anxiety, while the absence of positive coping had both direct and indirect paths (through quality of life) on depression. Among variables that directly affected depression, anxiety had the highest effect. However, the bidirectional paths between anxiety and depression were also suggested by the model. Conclusions: Pandemic response strategies should be modified to effectively reduce the adverse effects on public mental health. Further research is necessary to assess the long-term effects of the pandemic on mental health and to analyze the contributing factors of anxiety and depression in the post-COVID period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Radulovic
- Department of Primary Health Care and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine Foca, University of East Sarajevo, 73300 Foca, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Srdjan Masic
- Department of Primary Health Care and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine Foca, University of East Sarajevo, 73300 Foca, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Dejana Stanisavljevic
- Institute for Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Bokonjic
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Foca, University of East Sarajevo, 73300 Foca, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Svetlana Radevic
- Department of Primary Health Care and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine Foca, University of East Sarajevo, 73300 Foca, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nina Rajovic
- Institute for Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikola V. Milić
- Institute for Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Simic Vukomanovic
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Biljana Mijovic
- Department of Primary Health Care and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine Foca, University of East Sarajevo, 73300 Foca, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Maja Vukovic
- Department of Primary Health Care and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine Foca, University of East Sarajevo, 73300 Foca, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Milena Dubravac Tanaskovic
- Department of Primary Health Care and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine Foca, University of East Sarajevo, 73300 Foca, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Mirka Jojic
- Department of Primary Health Care and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine Foca, University of East Sarajevo, 73300 Foca, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Jelena Vladicic Masic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Foca, University of East Sarajevo, 73300 Foca, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Dragan Spaic
- Department of Primary Health Care and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine Foca, University of East Sarajevo, 73300 Foca, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Natasa M. Milic
- Department of Primary Health Care and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine Foca, University of East Sarajevo, 73300 Foca, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Institute for Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
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10
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Carmassi C, Tosato S, Pedrinelli V, Bertelloni CA, Abbate-Daga G, Albert U, Castellini G, Luciano M, Menchetti M, Pompili M, Sampogna G, Signorelli M, Massimetti G, Fiorillo A. Longitudinal trajectories of anxiety and depression in subjects with different mental disorders after one year in the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatry Res 2024; 334:115680. [PMID: 38368843 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to prospectively assess the development and trajectories of anxiety and depressive symptoms among subjects with different mental disorders, during the 3rd wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (T0, March-April 2021) while strict containment measures were applied in Italy, and after 3 months (T1, June-July 2021), with reduced restrictive measures. A sample of 527 subjects, with different DSM-5 diagnoses, was enrolled at nine Italian psychiatric outpatient services. Assessments at T0 and T1 included the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item (GAD-7) for anxiety symptoms, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depressive symptoms. Differences in anxiety and depressive symptoms rates emerged across different mental disorders and a general improvement at T1 was detected for all of them in both the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores, except for Psychosis and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Patients with Feeding and Eating Disorders (FED) reported statistically significantly higher: GAD-7 scores than those with Bipolar Disorder (BD), at both times, and Anxiety Disorders at baseline; PHQ-9 scores than all other diagnostic categories, at both times. Unemployment, no COVID-19 infection, OCD were predictive variables related to GAD-7 scores at T1, while being unmarried, BD or FED related to PHQ-9 scores at T1. Subjects with mental disorders reported anxiety and depressive symptoms during the third pandemic wave and most of patients showed an improvement over a 3-month follow-up, despite differences emerged among diagnostic categories and for the variables involved. Further studies are needed to deepen knowledge on pandemic impact on patients with mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Carmassi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Sarah Tosato
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Virginia Pedrinelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlo A Bertelloni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Abbate-Daga
- Department of Neurosciences "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Umberto Albert
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste and Department of Mental Health, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina - ASUGI, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giovanni Castellini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Mario Luciano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Menchetti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sense Organs, University of Roma "La Sapienza", Roma, Italy
| | - Gaia Sampogna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Signorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gabriele Massimetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Fiorillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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11
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Liu J, Tai Z, Hu F. Prevalence and coping of depression and anxiety among college students during COVID-19 lockdowns in China. J Affect Disord 2024; 348:305-313. [PMID: 38158051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study sought to investigate the prevalence of anxiety, depression and mixed anxiety-depression disorder among college students during COVID-19 shelter-in-place lockdowns in China. METHODS Participants (N = 2818) were selected from 8 provincial regions across the country in areas that were under lockdown mandates. The dependent variables were anxiety and depression. Multiple regression models were tested using anxiety and depression as the respective outcome variables, and binary logistic regression was conducted with anxiety-depression comorbidity as the dependent variable. Explanatory variables were changes in (social) media use and communication behaviors, perceived effectiveness of daily activity involvements as well as a number of demographic and environmental factors. RESULTS Being a college senior, prior anxiety/depression history, having family members and residents in neighborhood tested positive with COVID were all important predictors of elevated anxiety, depression and their comorbidity. Increased face-to-face family communication and reading more e-books were associated with reduced anxiety, depression and their comorbidity. Listening to music and playing video games were correlated with lower anxiety but not depression. CONCLUSIONS Draconian shelter-in-place lockdowns as strictly enforced in China within a short notice could be detrimental to individual mental health and psychological well-being. Findings in this research can provide practical guidance for college counselors and health professionals in targeting particular segments of the student population in providing tailored psychological, therapeutic and material services during disruptive moments and public health crises. The central role of family communication in the emotional and social support process deserves critical contemplation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Liu
- School of Journalism and Communication, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350108, China.
| | - Zixue Tai
- School of Journalism and Media, University of Kentucky, 343 S. Martin Luther King Blvd., Lexington, KY 40504, USA.
| | - Fengbin Hu
- Research Center for Cyberspace Governance, MOE Laboratory for National Development and Intelligent Governance, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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12
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Carmassi C, Sampogna G, Di Vincenzo M, Cipolla S, Toni C, Albert U, Carrà G, Cirulli F, Dell'Osso B, Fantasia S, Nanni MG, Pedrinelli V, Pompili M, Sani G, Tortorella A, Volpe U, Fiorillo A. Acute stress symptoms in general population during the first wave of COVID lockdown in Italy: Results from the COMET trial. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3314. [PMID: 37990771 PMCID: PMC10726770 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an unprecedented traumatic event that has severely impacted social, economic, and health well-being worldwide. The COvid Mental hEalth Trial was specifically designed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and its containment measures on the mental health of the Italian general population in terms of COVID-19-related acute stress disorder (ASD) symptoms. METHODS The present cross-sectional study is based on an online survey carried out in the period March-May 2020. Italian general adult population was invited to compile an anonymous survey, which included the severity of acute stress symptoms scale/National Stressful Events Survey Short Scale to investigate the occurrence and severity of ASD symptoms. RESULTS The final sample consisted of 20,720 participants. During the lockdown, subjects with pre-existing mental health problems reported a statistically significant higher risk of acute post-traumatic symptoms compared to the general population (B: 2.57; 95% CI:2.04-3.09; p < .0001) and health care professionals (B: .37; 95% CI: .02-0.72; p < .05). According to multivariate regression models, the levels of acute post-traumatic symptoms (p < .0001) were higher in younger and female respondents. Social isolation and sleep disorder/insomnia represented positive predictors of acute stress (B = 3.32, 95% CI = 3.08-3.57). CONCLUSIONS Concerns about the risk of infection as well as social isolation caused a higher incidence of acute post-traumatic stress symptoms that may predict the subsequent development of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Carmassi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Gaia Sampogna
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”NaplesItaly
| | - Matteo Di Vincenzo
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”NaplesItaly
| | - Salvatore Cipolla
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”NaplesItaly
| | - Claudia Toni
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”NaplesItaly
| | - Umberto Albert
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health SciencesUniversity of Trieste and Department of Mental Health, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina–ASUGITriesteItaly
| | - Giuseppe Carrà
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milan BicoccaMilanoItaly
| | - Francesca Cirulli
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental HealthNational Institute of HealthRomeItaly
| | - Bernardo Dell'Osso
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences and Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Brain TherapeuticUniversity of MilanMilanoItaly
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sara Fantasia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Maria Giulia Nanni
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences and RehabilitationUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
| | | | - Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and PsychologySapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of PsychiatryUniversity Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
- Department of Neuroscience, Sensory organs and Thorax, Department of PsychiatryFondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCSRomeItaly
| | | | - Umberto Volpe
- Clinical Psychiatry UnitDepartment of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversità Politecnica delle MarcheAnconaItaly
| | - Andrea Fiorillo
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”NaplesItaly
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13
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Yap MC, Wu F, Huang X, Tang L, Su K, Tong X, Kwok SC, Wu C, Wang S, He Z, Yan LL. Association between individual resilience and depression or anxiety among general adult population during COVID-19: a systematic review. J Public Health (Oxf) 2023; 45:e639-e655. [PMID: 37580860 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdad144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic exacerbated depression and anxiety worldwide. Resilience is important to maintain mental health during uncertain times, but limited study has systematically reviewed its association with depression or anxiety with an emphasis on the general population. METHODS We searched PubMed and Embase for quantitative or mixed-methods studies on the general adult population published between 1 January 2020 and 31 April 2022 (PROSPERO ID: CRD 42022340935). National Institute of the Health quality assessment tools was used to assess the risk of bias. We qualitatively synthesized findings by outcome and study design. RESULTS A total of 2945 studies were screened and 35 studies were included in the narrative analysis (5 on depression, 9 on anxiety, and 21 on both). Overall, 21 studies identified statistically significant inverse associations between resilience and depression, while 24 studies found statistically significant inverse associations between resilience and anxiety. Eight studies reported no statistically significant relationships between resilience with depression or anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Resilience was found to be inversely associated with depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings highlight the importance of resilience-enhancing intervention in migrating the global mental health burden from outbreaks of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Chen Yap
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215316, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215316, China
| | - Xulei Huang
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215316, China
| | - Lingli Tang
- Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Kehan Su
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215316, China
| | - Xin Tong
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215316, China
- Data Science Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215316, China
| | - Sze Chai Kwok
- Data Science Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215316, China
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215316, China
- Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, 200335, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Chenkai Wu
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215316, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Data Science Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215316, China
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215316, China
| | - Zhengting He
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215316, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21025, USA
| | - Lijing L Yan
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215316, China
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
- Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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14
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Khodakarami B, Babakhani N, Masoumi SZ, Mohagheghi H, Farhadian M. The Effect of Cognitive-behavioral Counseling on the Resilience of Female Adolescents with Premenstrual Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY BASED NURSING AND MIDWIFERY 2023; 11:237-246. [PMID: 37901183 PMCID: PMC10611926 DOI: 10.30476/ijcbnm.2023.99040.2276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is one of the causes of poor performance in women, with direct and indirect adverse effects on their marital, family, and social life. This study aimed to examine the effect of cognitive-behavioral counseling on resilience in adolescent girls with PMS. Methods This randomized clinical trial was conducted from February to May 2018 on 15-17-year-old girl adolescents in Hamadan high schools. Using the block randomization method and the block size of 10, we randomly assigned 120 participants with moderate to severe PMS into intervention (N=60) and control groups (N=60). Participants in the intervention group received eight 60-minute cognitive-behavioral counseling sessions for 8 weeks, and the control group received no intervention. Data were gathered using demographic questionnaire, Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool, and the Connor-Davidson resilience scale. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 16. The Chi-square, independent-samples t-test, and paired t-tests were used to analyze the data. P values <0.05 were considered significant. Results The mean total resilience score and all its dimensions increased in the intervention group 3 months after the intervention (P<0.05). Mean scores of total resilience and all subscales except spiritual influences showed statistically significant differences between the intervention and control groups 3 months after the intervention (P<0.05). Conclusion Cognitive-behavioral counseling can improve resilience in female adolescents with moderate to severe PMS. It is recommended that school counselors can use cognitive-behavioral counseling to improve the resilience of girls with moderate to severe PMS.Trial Registration Number: IRCT2015052615341N6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batoul Khodakarami
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Mother and Child Care Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Narges Babakhani
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Mother and Child Care Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Mother and Child Care Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hossein Mohagheghi
- Department of Psychology, School of Economic and Social Sciences, BU-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Maryam Farhadian
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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15
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Chen SH, Chen PJ, Lee CH, Wu YP, Ahorsu DK, Griffiths MD, Lin CY. Perceived Stress Mediating the Association Between Mindfulness and Resilience Among Registered Nurses. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:3035-3044. [PMID: 37576445 PMCID: PMC10417837 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s412918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Resilience continues to be an important concept in the nursing profession due to its significant role in personal healthcare, patients' healthcare, and leadership. The present study examined the mediating role of perceived stress in the association between mindfulness and resilience among registered nurses in order to understand their importance among those in the Taiwanese nursing profession. Materials and Methods Between October and November 2021, a total of 816 registered nurses participated in a cross-sectional survey including psychometric measures assessing perceived stress (Chinese Perceived Stress Scale-10), mindfulness (Chinese Mindful Attention Awareness Scale), and resilience (Chinese Questionnaire of Resilience). Results Results indicated that perceived stress mediated the association between mindfulness and resilience (standardized coefficient = 0.251, p<0.001), although there was no significant association between mindfulness and resilience (standardized coefficient = 0.042, p=0.16). This suggests that perceived stress may function as both distress and eustress because mindfulness was not directly associated with resilience but indirectly via perceived stress. Conclusion Nurses and their administrators should focus on different ways of coping with stress so that they become more resilient in facing other stressors. Future studies may be conducted to examine the mediating role of perceived stress in the association between other coping strategies and resilience among registered nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Hua Chen
- School of Nursing, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, 83102, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jen Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 824005, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Hsiang Lee
- Department of Nursing, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ping Wu
- Department of Nursing, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu
- Mental Health Research Centre, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, the Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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16
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Sampogna G, Di Vincenzo M, Luciano M, Della Rocca B, Albert U, Carmassi C, Carrà G, Cirulli F, Dell’Osso B, Nanni MG, Pompili M, Sani G, Tortorella A, Volpe U, Fiorillo A. The effect of social media and infodemic on mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: results from the COMET multicentric trial. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1226414. [PMID: 37575576 PMCID: PMC10412935 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1226414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the status of pandemic due to the COVID-19 infection. The initial phases of the pandemic were characterized by uncertainty and public fears. In order to cope with such unexpected conditions, people adopted different coping strategies, including search for information, accessing Internet, and using social media. The present study based on the COMET collaborative research network aims to: (1) assess use of Internet and of social media among the Italian general population; (2) explore differences in web usage between people with pre-existing mental disorders and the general population; (3) identify changes over time in social media usage along the phase 1 of the pandemic; (4) identify the clinical, socio-demographic and contextual predictors of excessive use of social media. A significant increase in time spent on Internet, with an average time of 4.8 ± 0.02 h per day, was found in the global sample of 20,720 participants. Compared with the general population, Internet use was significantly higher in people with pre-existing mental disorders (5.2 ± 0.1 h vs. 4.9 ± 0.02; p < 0.005). According to the multivariate logistic regression model, the risk of excessive use of social media and Internet was significantly higher in people with moderate levels of depressive symptoms (OR: 1.26, CI 95%: 0.99 to 1.59, p < 0.0.005); while protective factors were being students (OR: 0.72, CI 95%: 0.53 to 0.96, p < 0.0029) and living in central Italy (OR: 0.46, CI 95%: 0.23 to 0.90, p < 0.002). The evaluation of social media and Internet use by the general population represents a first step for developing specific protective and supportive interventions for the general population, including practical suggestions on how to safely use Internet and social media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Sampogna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Matteo Di Vincenzo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Luciano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Bianca Della Rocca
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Umberto Albert
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Mental Health, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina—ASUGI, Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudia Carmassi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carrà
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Cirulli
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Bernardo Dell’Osso
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences and Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Brain Therapeutic, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Maria Giulia Nanni
- Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, University Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Sensory Organs and Thorax, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Umberto Volpe
- Clinical Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Fiorillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
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17
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Chilon-Huaman AM, Camposano-Ninahuanca Á, Chávez-Sosa JV, Huancahuire-Vega S, De Borba W. Association Between Family Support and Coping Strategies of People With Covid-19: A Cross-Sectional Study. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:2747-2754. [PMID: 37489156 PMCID: PMC10363382 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s410068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The study aimed to determine the association between family support and coping strategies of people diagnosed with COVID-19. Methods The study was analytical and cross-sectional. The sample consisted of 500 participants who were selected by non-probabilistic and snowball sampling and included residents of both sexes who belonged to the city of Lima, with a diagnosis of COVID-19, who lived with relatives, and who accepted to participate in the research. For data collection, the scales "family support" and "Coping and Adaptation Process-Coping Adaptation Processing Scale (CAPS)" were used. The technique used was the survey through the home visit and the questionnaire instrument. To measure the relationship of the study variables, binary logistic regression was chosen, considering coping strategies as the dependent variable and socio-demographic data and family support as independent variables. Results Of the 500 participants, 50.4% were women, and 49.6% were men. The results revealed that most participants presented a high capacity for coping strategies and high perceived family support (97.2% and 81%, respectively). In the bivariate analysis, socio-demographic aspects and family support and their dimensions were related to high or low capacity for coping strategies. Significant differences were verified between marital status (p=0.026), having children (p=0.037), family support (p=0.000), and its dimensions with coping strategies. Finally, the multivariate analysis found that people with COVID-19 who perceived high family support were 33.74 times (95% CI: 7266-156,739) more likely to have a high capacity for coping strategies. Conclusion Therefore, it is necessary to promote the development of parental and family support skills in the face of the health emergency caused by COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Salomon Huancahuire-Vega
- Human Medicine School, Universidad Peruana Unión (UPeU), Lima, Peru
- General Directorate of Research, Universidad Peruana Unión, (UPeU), Lima, Peru
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18
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Caqueo-Urízar A, Mena-Chamorro P, Henríquez D, Urzúa A, Irarrázaval M. The Effects of Social Determinants and Resilience on the Mental Health of Chilean Adolescents. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1213. [PMID: 37508710 PMCID: PMC10378294 DOI: 10.3390/children10071213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of social determinants (i.e., gender, educational vulnerability, and socioeconomic status) and resilience on the mental health of Chilean adolescents in pre-, during, and post-COVID-19 pandemic contexts. The study included a group of 684 students, ranging in age from 12 to 18 years, who were attending educational institutions in the city of Arica. The Child and Adolescent Assessment System (SENA) was used to measure mental health problems, the Brief Resilience Scale for Children and Youth (CYRM-12) was used to measure resilience, and the Vulnerability Index of Educational Institutions was used to measure educational vulnerability. The results suggest increases in depressive, anxious, and social anxiety symptomatologies over time (wave by year, 2018, 2020, and 2021). In addition, multiple linear regression models showed predictive effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, gender, vulnerability index, socioeconomic status, and resilient behaviors on mental health problems. The worsening of mental health indicators over time requires the greater coordination and integration of mental health experts in the most vulnerable educational centers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricio Mena-Chamorro
- Centro de Justicia Educacional CJE, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Diego Henríquez
- Centro de Justicia Educacional CJE, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Alfonso Urzúa
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile
| | - Matías Irarrázaval
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Hospital, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Research in Depression and Personality, MIDAP, Santiago 8380453, Chile
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19
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Nkire N, Shalaby R, Obuobi-Donkor G, Agyapong B, Eboreime E, Agyapong VIO. Assessing Resilience and Its Correlates among Residents of Fort McMurray during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6064. [PMID: 37372651 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20126064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a global health crisis that has affected the psychological well-being of individuals across the world. The persistence of the pandemic and measures to curtail it have tested people's ability to cope successfully and bounce back from the pandemic, otherwise referred to as resilience. The present study examined resilience levels among residents of Fort McMurray and identified the demographic, clinical and social factors associated with resilience. METHODS The study used a cross-sectional survey design and collected data from 186 participants using online questionnaires. The survey included questions assessing sociodemographic information, mental health history and COVID-19-related variables. The main study outcome was resilience measured using the six-item Brief Resilience Scale (BRS). The data from the survey were analyzed using chi-squared tests and binary logistic regression analyses in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 25. RESULTS The results showed that seven independent variables (age, history of depression, history of anxiety, willingness to receive mental health counselling, support from the government of Alberta and support from employer) were statistically significant within the context of the logistic regression model. A history of an anxiety disorder was demonstrated to best predict low resilience. Participants who had a history of anxiety disorder were five times more likely to show low resilience compared to those without such a history. Participants with a history of depression showed a three-fold likelihood of having low resilience in comparison to those who did not have a history of depression. Individuals who expressed a desire to receive mental health counselling had a four-times likelihood of having low resilience than those who did not express a desire to receive mental health counselling. The results also showed that younger participants were more prone to low resilience compared to older participants. Receiving support from the government and one's employer is a protective factor. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the importance of examining resilience and its associated factors during a pandemic such as COVID-19. The results demonstrated that a history of anxiety disorder, depression and being younger were important predictors of low resilience. Responders who reported the desire to receive mental health counselling also reported expressing low resilience. These findings could be used to design and implement interventions aimed at improving the resilience of individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nnamdi Nkire
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Reham Shalaby
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Gloria Obuobi-Donkor
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Belinda Agyapong
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Ejemai Eboreime
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Vincent I O Agyapong
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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20
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Castiglioni M, Caldiroli CL, Procaccia R, Conte F, Neimeyer RA, Zamin C, Paladino A, Negri A. The Up-Side of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Are Core Belief Violation and Meaning Making Associated with Post-Traumatic Growth? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5991. [PMID: 37297595 PMCID: PMC10252371 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20115991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health has been extensively documented, while its possible positive impact on the individual, defined as Post-Traumatic Growth (PTG), has been much less investigated. The present study examines the association between PTG and socio-demographic aspects, pre-pandemic psychological adjustment, stressors directly linked to COVID-19 and four psychological factors theoretically implicated in the change processes (core belief violation, meaning-making, vulnerability and mortality perception). During the second wave of the pandemic 680 medical patients completed an online survey on direct and indirect COVID-19 stressors, health and demographic information, post-traumatic growth, core belief violation, meaning-making capacity, feelings of vulnerability and perceptions of personal mortality. Violation of core beliefs, feelings of vulnerability and mortality, and pre-pandemic mental illness positively correlated with post-traumatic growth. Moreover, the diagnosis of COVID-19, stronger violation of core beliefs, greater meaning-making ability, and lower pre-existing mental illness predicted greater PTG. Finally, a moderating effect of meaning-making ability was found. The clinical implications were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Castiglioni
- Department of Human Sciences “R. Massa”, University of Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy;
| | | | | | - Federica Conte
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy;
| | | | - Claudia Zamin
- Italian Society of Relationship Psychoanalysis, 20135 Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Paladino
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, 24129 Bergamo, Italy (A.N.)
| | - Attà Negri
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, 24129 Bergamo, Italy (A.N.)
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21
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Çıvgın U, Yorulmaz E, Yazar K. Mediator role of resilience in the relationship between neuroticism and psychological symptoms: COVID-19 Pandemic and supermarket employees. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 42:1-13. [PMID: 37359609 PMCID: PMC10163286 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04725-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The current research aimed to examine the relationship between personality traits, resilience, and psychological symptom levels of front-line supermarket employees during the COVID-19 pandemic. Three-hundred and ten (310) supermarket employees participated in the research between March and May 2021. Participants filled out the questionnaire sets online The Demographic Information Form, Symptom Checklist, Five Factor Inventory and Resilience Scale for Adults were presented as questionnaire sets. Pearson Correlation Analyses were conducted to determine the relationships between variables, Multiple Regression and mediation analyses were conducted to discover the predictors of symptom level. It was found that personality traits, resilience and psychological symptom levels are related to each other. Conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness and resilience are significant predictors of psychological symptom level. In addition, resilience plays a mediating role in the relationship between neuroticism and psychological symptom levels. The findings were discussed within the framework of the relevant literature and COVID-19 research findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Çıvgın
- Asst. Prof, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Science, Bursa Technical University, Bursa, Türkiye
| | - Elçin Yorulmaz
- Ph.D, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Letters, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Türkiye
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22
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Miola A, Caiolo S, Pontoni G, Pozzan E, Moriglia C, Simionato F, Garofalo S, Perini G, Sambataro F. Anxiety and Depression during the Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Coping Strategies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2974. [PMID: 36833670 PMCID: PMC9957361 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests increased anxious-depressive symptoms in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic, also in its second wave. High symptom variability across individuals suggests that risk and protective factors, including coping strategies, can play a mediating role. METHODS General Anxiety Disorder-7, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Brief-COPE questionnaires were administered to people attending a COVID-19 point-of-care. Univariate and multivariate methods were used to test the association of symptoms with risk and protective factors. RESULTS A total of 3509 participants (27.5% with moderate-severe anxiety; 12% with depressive symptoms) were recruited. Sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, including age, sex, sleep, physical activity, psychiatric treatments, parenthood, employment, and religiosity were associated with affective symptoms. Avoidant (self-distraction, venting, behavioral disengagement) and approach (emotional support, self-blame but not positive reframing and acceptance) coping strategies predicted greater anxiety. Avoidant strategies, including venting, denial, behavioral disengagement, substance use, and self-blame, and the humor strategy were associated with more severe depressive symptoms, while the planning predicted the opposite. CONCLUSIONS Coping strategies, in addition to socio-demographic and life-habit factors, could have contributed to modulating anxious and depressive symptoms during the second-wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, thus advocating for interventions aimed at promoting positive coping strategies to reduce the psychosocial toll of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Miola
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, 35127 Padua, Italy
- Medicine Faculty, University of Padova, 35127 Padua, Italy
- Casa di Cura Parco dei Tigli, 35037 Teolo, Italy
| | - Stefano Caiolo
- Medicine Faculty, University of Padova, 35127 Padua, Italy
- Psychiatry Section, Military Department of Forensic Medicine, 35137 Padua, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Pontoni
- Psychiatry Section, Psychophysiological Selection Office, Italian Army National Recruitment and Selection Center, 06034 Foligno, Italy
| | - Erica Pozzan
- Medicine Faculty, University of Padova, 35127 Padua, Italy
| | - Chiara Moriglia
- Psyops Development Center, 28th (APICE) Regiment “Pavia”, 61121 Pesaro, Italy
| | | | - Sergio Garofalo
- Psychiatry Section, Military Department of Forensic Medicine, 35137 Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Perini
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, 35127 Padua, Italy
- Medicine Faculty, University of Padova, 35127 Padua, Italy
- Casa di Cura Parco dei Tigli, 35037 Teolo, Italy
| | - Fabio Sambataro
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, 35127 Padua, Italy
- Medicine Faculty, University of Padova, 35127 Padua, Italy
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23
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Cholankeril R, Xiang E, Badr H. Gender Differences in Coping and Psychological Adaptation during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:993. [PMID: 36673747 PMCID: PMC9859033 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20020993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This population-based study investigated gender differences in the use of coping strategies and their relationship to anxiety symptoms during the initial COVID-19 lockdown period in the United States. A national online survey was administered between 13 April 2020 and 8 June 2020. The study sample comprised 1673 respondents (66% women). Overall, 46% reported high levels of anxiety, and women experienced significantly (p < 0.001) higher levels of anxiety than men. Women were significantly (p < 0.05) more likely to use acceptance, self-distraction, positive reframing, and emotional support than men. Significant interactions between gender and coping strategies were also identified. Women engaging in high (+1SD) vs. low (−1SD) levels of active coping were not found to have significantly different anxiety levels. In contrast, men reported higher levels of anxiety when they engaged in high levels of active coping and lower levels of anxiety when they engaged in low levels of active coping (b2 = 0.88, t = 3.33, p = 0.001). Additionally, women engaging in high levels of acceptance and positive reframing reported significantly lower anxiety levels than when engag-ing in low levels of acceptance (b1 = −1.03, t = −4.58, p < 0.001) and positive reframing (b1 = −0.72, t = −3.95, p < 0.001). No significant associations between acceptance and positive reframing levels and anxiety levels were found with men. Overall, these findings extend our understanding of the nature of gender differences in stress responsivity during periods of high psychological distress and can inform the development of mental health interventions to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic and future infectious disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosann Cholankeril
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- MPH@GW, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Ellen Xiang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hoda Badr
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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24
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Kelly RE. The First Year of the Psychiatric Diseases Section. Brain Sci 2022; 13:41. [PMID: 36672023 PMCID: PMC9856337 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its inception in May 2021, the Psychiatric Diseases Section of Brain Sciences has grown to include a staff of 28 academic editors with expertise related to clinical psychiatry, in addition to its supporting staff of managing and English-language editors [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E. Kelly
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains, NY 10605, USA; or
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
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25
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Marzo RR, ElSherif M, Abdullah MSAMB, Thew HZ, Chong C, Soh SY, Siau CS, Chauhan S, Lin Y. Demographic and work-related factors associated with burnout, resilience, and quality of life among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross sectional study from Malaysia. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1021495. [PMID: 36589987 PMCID: PMC9800419 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1021495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The healthcare setting is a stressful and demanding work environment, and healthcare workers face a continuous expansion of their job roles and responsibilities. Past studies have shown that factors affecting burnout, resilience, and quality of life among healthcare workers merit further research, as there were inconsistent findings, especially with regards to the influence of demographic and work-related factors. Therefore, this study aims to determine whether demographic and work-related factors are associated with burnout, resilience, and quality of life among healthcare workers. Method This cross-sectional study was conducted between February 15, 2022 and March 15, 2022, among 394 healthcare workers from Putrajaya and Selangor hospitals, Malaysia. Maslach Burnout Inventory, World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF 26 inventory, and Brief Resilience Scale were utilized to capture information on burnout, quality of life, and resilience, respectively. Results The mean score of physical health of participants who work more than 10 h (11.38) is lower than participants who work from 8 to 10 h (13.00) and participants who work 7 h daily (13.03), p-value < 0.001. Similarly, the mean score of psychological health of participants who work more than 10 h (12.35) is lower than participants who work from 8 to 10 h (13.72) and participants who work 7 h daily (13.68), p-value = 0.001. Higher income levels were associated with high resilience and quality of life. Conclusion It is imperative that healthcare practitioners and policy makers adopt and implement interventions to promote a healthy workplace environment, address ethical concerns, and prevent burnout among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Managing the issue of long working hours could possibly result in improved resilience, burnout, and quality of life among healthcare workers. Despite this study able to tickle out some policy specific areas where interventions are needed, identifying effective solutions and evaluating their efficiency will require larger and interventional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Rillera Marzo
- International Medical School, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia,Global Public Health, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia,Roy Rillera Marzo
| | - Mohamed ElSherif
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Hui Zhu Thew
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Collins Chong
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shean Yih Soh
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ching Sin Siau
- Centre for Community Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shekhar Chauhan
- Department of Family and Generations, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Yulan Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yulan Lin
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26
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Gao Q, Xu H, Zhang C, Huang D, Zhang T, Liu T. Perceived stress and stress responses during COVID-19: The multiple mediating roles of coping style and resilience. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279071. [PMID: 36520828 PMCID: PMC9754237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many studies have examined the effects of perceived stress on some specific stress responses during the COVID-19, a comprehensive study is still lacking. And the co-mediating role of coping style and resilience as important mediators of stress processes is also unclear. This study aimed to explore the effects of perceived stress on emotional, physical, and behavioral stress responses and the mediating roles of coping style and resilience in Chinese population during the recurrent outbreak of COVID-19 from a comprehensive perspective. 1087 participants were recruited to complete the anonymous online survey including the Perceived Stress Scale, the Stress Response Questionnaire, the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire and the Emotional Resilience Questionnaire. Pearson's correlation and Hayes PROCESS macro 3.5 model 6 were used in the mediating effect analysis. Results showed that positive coping style and resilience both buffered the negative effects of perceived stress on emotional, physical, and behavioral responses through direct or indirect pathways, and resilience had the strongest mediating effects. The findings urged relevant authorities and individuals to take measures to promote positive coping style and resilience to combat the ongoing pandemic stress and protect public physical and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijing Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Political Theory, Qingdao Branch of Naval Aeronautical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dandan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Taosheng Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medical Psychology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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27
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Bongelli R, Fermani A, Canestrari C, Riccioni I, Muzi M, Bertolazzi A, Burro R. Italian validation of the situational Brief Cope Scale (I-Brief Cope). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278486. [PMID: 36454789 PMCID: PMC9714734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Brief COPE (Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced) inventory is 14 faced scales used to assess coping strategies. It has been administered on different population samples and translated into several languages. Nonetheless, the Italian validation of its situational format is missing, and the present study aimed to fill this gap. To this end, the original English version of the scale was translated into Italian and administered to a sample of 682 Italian healthcare workers (HCWs), during the first wave of COVID-19. The Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (EFA and CFA) were performed and led to the validation of the Italian Brief COPE (I-Brief COPE) scale, consisting of 21 items, loading properly on 6 factors, which range from activation (F1) to deactivation (F2), via social support (F3), humorous reframing (F4), religious/spiritual reliance (F5), substances use (F6). The six factors identified represent, according to our analyses, the relevant dimensions of coping in a stressful situation such as COVID-19. The results of this study reveal that the I-Brief Cope can be considered as a valid tool for measuring coping strategies in facing stressful, unpredictable, and damaging events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Bongelli
- Department of Political Science, Communication and International Relations, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Alessandra Fermani
- Department of Education, Cultural Heritage and Tourism, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
| | - Carla Canestrari
- Department of Education, Cultural Heritage and Tourism, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
| | - Ilaria Riccioni
- Department of Education, Cultural Heritage and Tourism, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
| | - Morena Muzi
- Department of Education, Cultural Heritage and Tourism, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
| | - Alessia Bertolazzi
- Department of Political Science, Communication and International Relations, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
| | - Roberto Burro
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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28
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Sampogna G, Di Vincenzo M, Giallonardo V, Perris F, Volpicelli A, Del Vecchio V, Luciano M, Fiorillo A. The Psychiatric Consequences of Long-COVID: A Scoping Review. J Pers Med 2022; 12:1767. [PMID: 36579511 PMCID: PMC9697474 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12111767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has represented a new form of traumatic event, affecting the general population worldwide and causing severe disruption of daily routine. A new urgent concern is related to the burden associated with COVID-19 symptoms that persist beyond the onset of infection, the so-called long-COVID syndrome. The present paper aims to: (1) describe the most frequent psychiatric symptoms reported by patients affected by long-COVID syndrome; (2) evaluate methodological discrepancies among the available studies; (3) inform clinicians and policy-makers on the possible strategies to be promoted in order to manage the psychiatric consequences of long-COVID syndrome. Twenty-one papers have been included in the present review, mostly with a cross-sectional or cohort design. Significant heterogeneity of long-COVID syndrome definitions was found. The presence of psychiatric symptoms was evaluated with very different assessment tools. The most common psychiatric symptoms of the long-COVID syndrome included fatigue, cognitive disturbances/impairment, depression, and anxiety symptoms. The rate of fatigue varied from 93.2-82.3% to 11.5%, cognitive impairment/cognitive dysfunction from 61.4% to 23.5% and depressive-anxiety symptoms from 23.5%to 9.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Sampogna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
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29
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Dell'Osso B, Viganò C, Conti D, Scarpa C, Casati L, Albert U, Carmassi C, Carrà G, Cirulli F, Nanni MG, Pompili M, Sampogna G, Sani G, Tortorella A, Volpe U, Fiorillo A. Insomnia and related factors in patients with pre-existing psychiatric disorders compared to the general population during the COVID-19 lockdown: Findings from the multicentric COMET study. Compr Psychiatry 2022; 118:152345. [PMID: 35988374 PMCID: PMC9364932 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2022.152345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has heavily impacted social, economic and health systems worldwide. Necessary confinement measures have, in turn, contributed to the occurrence of several stress-related conditions and deterioration of pre-existing mental conditions, including insomnia. OBJECTIVE The present study sought to investigate the occurrence and severity of insomnia during the COVID-19 lockdown among psychiatric patients and in the general population in the largest Italian sample examined to date. Potential factors associated with a risk of developing insomnia in the global sample were examined as well. METHODS A sample of 20,720 people (5.5% of them being psychiatric patients) was assessed through an online survey conducted during lockdown between March and May 2020. To investigate the occurrence and severity of sleep related issues, the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) was used. In order to evaluate factors associated with the severity of insomnia in the global sample, multivariate linear regression models were performed. RESULTS During the lockdown, patients with pre-existing mental disorders reported a mean higher score on the ISI scale (p < 0.001) compared to the general population. According to the multivariate regression models, the first three weeks of lockdown were significantly associated with a higher risk of insomnia, but the risk disappeared in the fourth week. Other associated factors included: the presence of a pre-existing mental disorder, ages 24 to 64 years old, and/or being female (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Although containment measures represent essential public health strategies to avoid the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, sleep was one of the aspects affected during the early stages of the lockdown in both people with pre-existing mental disorders and general population. As an integral part of COVID-19 intervention, it is useful to raise awareness about these issues and to adopt both preventive and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Dell'Osso
- ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Psychiatry 2 Unit, University of Milan, Italy; "Aldo Ravelli" Center for Nanotechnology and Neurostimulation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Caterina Viganò
- ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Psychiatry 2 Unit, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Conti
- ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Psychiatry 2 Unit, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Carolina Scarpa
- ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Psychiatry 2 Unit, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Casati
- ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Psychiatry 2 Unit, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Umberto Albert
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste and Department of Mental Health, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina - ASUGI, Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudia Carmassi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carrà
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Cirulli
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Nanni
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaia Sampogna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, University Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy,Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Umberto Volpe
- Clinical Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Fiorillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Carrà G, Crocamo C, Bartoli F, Riboldi I, Sampogna G, Luciano M, Albert U, Carmassi C, Cirulli F, Dell’Osso B, Menculini G, Nanni MG, Pompili M, Sani G, Volpe U, Fiorillo A. Were anxiety, depression and psychological distress associated with local mortality rates during COVID-19 outbreak in Italy? Findings from the COMET study. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 152:242-249. [PMID: 35753244 PMCID: PMC9212315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mental health of the Italian population declined at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, nationwide population prevalence estimates may not effectively reproduce the heterogeneity in distress responses to the pandemic. In particular, contextual determinants specific to COVID-19 pandemic need to be considered. We thus aimed to explore the association between local COVID-19 mortality rates and mental health response among the general population. METHODS We capitalised on data (N = 17,628) from a large, cross-sectional, national survey, the COMET study, run between March and May 2020. While psychological distress was measured by General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21) was used to assess relevant domains. In addition, a Covid-19 mortality ratio was built to compare single regional mortality rates to the national estimate and official statistics were used to control for other area-level determinants. RESULTS Adjusted ordered regression analyses showed an association between mortality ratio and moderate (OR = 1.10, 95%CI 1.03-1.18) and severe (OR = 1.11, 95%CI 1.03-1.21) DASS-21 anxiety levels. No effects of mortality ratio on GHQ-12 scores and DASS-21 depression and stress levels, uniformly high across the country, were estimated. CONCLUSIONS Although we could not find any association between regional COVID-19 mortality ratio and depression or psychological distress, anxiety levels were significantly increased among subjects from areas with the highest mortality rates. Local mortality rate seems a meaningful driver for anxiety among the general population. Considering the potentially long-lasting scenario, local public health authorities should provide neighbouring communities with preventive interventions reducing psychological isolation and anxiety levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Carrà
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy,Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Cristina Crocamo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bartoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Riboldi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
| | - Gaia Sampogna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Luciano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Umberto Albert
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste and Department of Mental Health, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina – ASUGI, Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudia Carmassi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Cirulli
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Bernardo Dell’Osso
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco and Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Brain Therapeutic, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Maria Giulia Nanni
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, University Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy,Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Volpe
- Clinical Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Fiorillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
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Fusar-Poli L, Surace T, Meo V, Patania F, Avanzato C, Pulvirenti A, Aguglia E, Signorelli MS. Psychological well-being and family distress of Italian caregivers during the COVID-19 outbreak. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 50:2243-2259. [PMID: 34897728 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the personal well-being and family distress of Italian caregivers during the lockdown. Five hundred sixty-five family caregivers and 638 age- and sex-matched noncaregivers completed a web-based survey. The following scales were administered to all participants: General Health Questionnaire-12 items (GHQ-12), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS), and Family Distress Index (FDI). Caregivers were also asked to provide information about their family members with disabilities. Individual and family distress, as well as insomnia, were significantly higher in caregivers than controls. Contrariwise, caregivers reported lower resilience levels. Multiple linear regression showed that distress was higher in caregivers living in Central and Southern Italy. Individual well-being was negatively predicted by low independence measured by the activities of daily living (ADL). Family distress was higher in households of psychiatric patients. Finally, low resilience levels appeared as the strongest predictors of both individual and family distress. The lockdown caused severe distress among caregivers and families of people with disabilities. Support networks for people with disabilities and their families are fundamental to prevent severe consequences from a psychological, social, and economical point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fusar-Poli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Teresa Surace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Meo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Federica Patania
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Avanzato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alfredo Pulvirenti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Bioinformatics and Computer Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Eugenio Aguglia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Salvina Signorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Carvalho-Alves MO, Petrilli-Mazon VA, Brunoni AR, Malbergier A, Fukuti P, Polanczyk GV, Miguel EC, Corchs F, Wang YP. Dimensions of emotional distress among Brazilian workers in a COVID-19 reference hospital: A factor analytical study. World J Psychiatry 2022; 12:843-859. [PMID: 35978972 PMCID: PMC9258270 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i6.843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an unprecedented challenge for public health and has caused the loss of millions of lives worldwide. Hospital workers play a key role in averting the collapse of the health system, but the mental health of many has deteriorated during the pandemic. Few studies have been devoted to identifying the needs of workers on frontline duty. AIM To investigate dimensions of common emotional symptoms and associated predictors among Brazilian workers in a COVID-19 reference hospital. METHODS This is an observational study of the mental health of professionals in a COVID-19 hospital in the city of São Paulo. We invited all hospital employees to respond to an online survey between July and August 2020, during the first peak of the pandemic. Data of 1000 participants who completed the survey were analyzed (83.9% were women and 34.3% were aged 30 to 40). Hospital workers self-reported the presence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, trauma-related stress, and burnout through the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, the Impact of Event Scale-Revised and the Mini-Z Burnout Assessment respectively. Responses were assembled and subjected to exploratory factor analysis to reveal workers' core emotional distress. Multiple linear regression models were subsequently carried out to estimate the likelihood of dimensions of distress using questions on personal motivation, threatening events, and institutional support. RESULTS Around one in three participants in our sample scored above the threshold of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and burnout. The factor analysis revealed a three-factor structure that explained 58% of the total data variance. Core distressing emotional domains were avoidance and re-experience, depression-anxiety, and sleep changes. Regression analysis revealed that institutional support was a significant protective factor for each of these dimensions (β range = -0.41 to -0.20, P < 0.001). However, participants' personal motivation to work in healthcare service was not associated with these emotional domains. Moreover, the likelihood of presenting the avoidance and re-experience dimension was associated with having a family member or close friend be hospitalized or die due to COVID-19 and having faced an ethical conflict. CONCLUSION Distressing emotional domains among hospital workers were avoidance and re-experience, depression and anxiety, and sleep changes. Improving working conditions through institutional support could protect hospital workers' mental health during devastating public health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos O Carvalho-Alves
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-010, Brazil
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01060-970, Brazil
| | - Vitor A Petrilli-Mazon
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Andre R Brunoni
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Andre Malbergier
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Pedro Fukuti
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Guilherme V Polanczyk
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Euripedes C Miguel
- Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Felipe Corchs
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01060-970, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Yuan-Pang Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-010, Brazil
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Lacomba-Trejo L, Mateu-Mollá J, Bellegarde-Nunes MD, Delhom I. Are Coping Strategies, Emotional Abilities, and Resilience Predictors of Well-Being? Comparison of Linear and Non-Linear Methodologies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127478. [PMID: 35742727 PMCID: PMC9223743 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Emotional intelligence (EI), problem-oriented coping, and resilience have been deeply studied as psychological predictors of wellbeing in stressful daily situations. The aim was to find out whether coping, EI, and resilience are predictors of well-being, using two statistical methodologies (hierarchical regression models and comparative qualitative models). With this objective in mind, we built an online evaluation protocol and administered it to 427 Spanish people, exploring these variables through a selection of validated tests. The extracted data were studied using linear predictive tests (hierarchical regression models), as well as fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis. We found that EI variables had important associations with coping, positive affect, negative affect, and life satisfaction, and also acted as relevant predictors for all of them, together with resilience and problem-oriented coping. The fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis showed a series of logical combinations of conditional causes and results of each potential configuration for these variables. The interaction between the presence of EI, resilience, and coping resulted in high levels of well-being. On the other hand, the presence of high emotional attention in interaction with low resilience and low coping abilities resulted in low well-being. These results increase knowledge about protective factors and allow for the creation of intervention programmes to enhance them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lacomba-Trejo
- Departament of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibánez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Joaquín Mateu-Mollá
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University, Street Pintor Sorolla, 21, 46002 Valencia, Spain;
| | | | - Iraida Delhom
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University, Street Pintor Sorolla, 21, 46002 Valencia, Spain;
- Departament of Developmental, Educational and Social Psychology and Methodology, Universitat Jaume I Castellón, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Miró J, Sánchez-Rodríguez E, Nolla MC, Costa RM, Pais-Ribeiro J, Ferreira-Valente A. The Role of Resilience, Happiness, and Social Support in the Psychological Function during the Late Stages of the Lockdown in Individuals with and without Chronic Pain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116708. [PMID: 35682291 PMCID: PMC9180840 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
There is mounting evidence to suggest that individuals with chronic pain adjusted poorly to and were impacted negatively by social distancing measures during the lockdown. However, there is limited data on the factors that might protect against the negative effects associated with social distancing measures, as most research has been conducted in the general population and in the initial stages of the lockdown. The aim of this study was to improve the understanding of the role that resilience, happiness, and social support, all factors that are thought to have a protective role, played in the psychological function (measured as anxiety, depression, and stress) to the social distancing measures during the late stages of the lockdown in a sample of adults with and without chronic pain living in Spain. A group of 434 adults responded to an online survey and provided information on sociodemographic issues, which included measures of pain, perceived health and quality of life, depression, anxiety, stress, resilience, happiness, and social support. The data showed that individuals with chronic pain (N = 200; 46%) reported statistically significant worst psychological function, that is to say, they reported higher levels of anxiety, depression, and stress (all ps < 0.001). Resilience, social support, and happiness proved to be significant predictors of anxiety, depression, and stress, after controlling for the effects of age, gender, and chronic pain. Although the effect sizes were small to medium, they are consistent with the findings of other studies. The findings from this study provide important additional new information regarding the associations between resilience, happiness, and social support and the adjustment to the social distancing measures during the late stages of the lockdown. These findings can be used to develop programs to improve adjustment to and coping with the demands of social distancing measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Miró
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Unit for the Study and Treatment of Pain—ALGOS, Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Department of Psychology, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (E.S.-R.); (M.C.N.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-977-55-81-79; Fax: +34-977-55-80-88
| | - Elisabet Sánchez-Rodríguez
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Unit for the Study and Treatment of Pain—ALGOS, Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Department of Psychology, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (E.S.-R.); (M.C.N.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - M. Carme Nolla
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Unit for the Study and Treatment of Pain—ALGOS, Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Department of Psychology, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (E.S.-R.); (M.C.N.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Xarxa Social i Sanitària de Santa Tecla, 43003 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Rui M. Costa
- William James Center for Research, Ispa—Instituto Universitário, 1149-041 Lisbon, Portugal; (R.M.C.); (J.P.-R.); (A.F.-V.)
| | - J. Pais-Ribeiro
- William James Center for Research, Ispa—Instituto Universitário, 1149-041 Lisbon, Portugal; (R.M.C.); (J.P.-R.); (A.F.-V.)
| | - Alexandra Ferreira-Valente
- William James Center for Research, Ispa—Instituto Universitário, 1149-041 Lisbon, Portugal; (R.M.C.); (J.P.-R.); (A.F.-V.)
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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Watts CJ, Hilliard RC, Graupensperger S. Relationships Between Resilience, Mental Well-Being, and COVID-19 Worries in Collegiate Student-Athletes. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:890006. [PMID: 35647541 PMCID: PMC9130569 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.890006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with robust declines in well-being for collegiate student-athletes. Worries about COVID-19 have frequently been associated with worsening well-being; therefore, it is important to examine protective factors against well-being decrements. Resilience, one's ability to respond to stress and adversity, may be one such factor. Despite this possible influence, resilience has not yet been studied in student-athletes in this context as the pandemic has progressed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the moderating role of resilience on the relationship between COVID-19 worries and well-being. In this cross-sectional design, National Collegiate Athletic Association Division III athletes (N = 91) at one university completed surveys on COVID-19 worries, resilience, and well-being between February and March 2021. All competitions had been postponed until the Spring 2021 semester. The findings revealed a negative correlation between COVID-19 worries and well-being (r = -0.21, p = 0.05) and a positive correlation between resilience and well-being (r = 0.44, p < 0.001). Additionally, multiple regression and simple slopes analyses showed that individuals with higher resilience endorsed greater scores of well-being, even when COVID-19 worries increased (β = 0.38, p = 0.02). In conclusion, our results suggest that resilience had a moderating effect on the relationship between COVID-19 worries and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cade J. Watts
- Department of Exercise Science, Shenandoah University, Winchester, VA, United States
| | - Robert C. Hilliard
- Department of Exercise Science, Shenandoah University, Winchester, VA, United States
| | - Scott Graupensperger
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Meyer D, Van Rheenen TE, Neill E, Phillipou A, Tan EJ, Toh WL, Sumner PJ, Rossell SL. Surviving the COVID-19 pandemic: An examination of adaptive coping strategies. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09508. [PMID: 35620625 PMCID: PMC9121638 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mental health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic have been significant in Australia. The aim of this study was to investigate coping strategies that individuals have adopted to assist them through this stressful period. Survey data collected in September and December 2020 as part of a larger study (the COLLATE project) were analysed. The number of adaptive coping strategies endorsed by respondents had a significant negative relationship with depression and a significant positive relationship with resilience. Females tended to use more of these strategies than men, as did people who said their mental health had improved rather than deteriorated because of the COVID-19 restrictions imposed by government. Specific adaptive coping strategies differed for those with and without a mental illness. People with a mental illness were more likely to seek professional and online help, while people without a mental illness were more likely to use self-help. Focusing on what one is grateful for and keeping oneself productively occupied ("using the time to do things around the house") were the most beneficial coping strategies in terms of alleviating depression, anxiety and stress. Public health messaging promoting adaptive coping strategies may be useful in bolstering the mental health of individuals during lockdown periods. In particular, the promotion of coping flexibility should be recommended rather than the frequent use of the same coping strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denny Meyer
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tamsyn E. Van Rheenen
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Erica Neill
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrea Phillipou
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Mental Health, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Eric J. Tan
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Wei Lin Toh
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Philip J. Sumner
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Susan L. Rossell
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Volpe U, Orsolini L, Salvi V, Albert U, Carmassi C, Carrà G, Cirulli F, Dell’Osso B, Luciano M, Menculini G, Nanni MG, Pompili M, Sani G, Sampogna G, Group W, Fiorillo A. COVID-19-Related Social Isolation Predispose to Problematic Internet and Online Video Gaming Use in Italy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031539. [PMID: 35162568 PMCID: PMC8835465 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic and its related containment measures have been associated with increased levels of stress, anxiety and depression in the general population. While the use of digital media has been greatly promoted by national governments and international authorities to maintain social contacts and healthy lifestyle behaviors, its increased access may also bear the risk of inappropriate or excessive use of internet-related resources. The present study, part of the COVID Mental hEalth Trial (COMET) study, aims at investigating the possible relationship between social isolation, the use of digital resources and the development of their problematic use. A cross sectional survey was carried out to explore the prevalence of internet addiction, excessive use of social media, problematic video gaming and binge watching, during Italian phase II (May-June 2020) and III (June-September 2020) of the pandemic in 1385 individuals (62.5% female, mean age 32.5 ± 12.9) mainly living in Central Italy (52.4%). Data were stratified according to phase II/III and three groups of Italian regions (northern, central and southern). Compared to the larger COMET study, most participants exhibited significant higher levels of severe-to-extremely-severe depressive symptoms (46.3% vs. 12.4%; p < 0.01) and extremely severe anxiety symptoms (77.8% vs. 7.5%; p < 0.01). We also observed a rise in problematic internet use and excessive gaming over time. Mediation analyses revealed that COVID-19-related general psychopathology, stress, anxiety, depression and social isolation play a significant role in the emergence of problematic internet use, social media addiction and problematic video gaming. Professional gamers and younger subjects emerged as sub-populations particularly at risk of developing digital addictions. If confirmed in larger and more homogenous samples, our findings may help in shedding light on possible preventive and treatment strategies for digital addictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Volpe
- Clinical Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (L.O.); (V.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-71-596-3301; Fax: +39-71-596-3540
| | - Laura Orsolini
- Clinical Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (L.O.); (V.S.)
| | - Virginio Salvi
- Clinical Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (L.O.); (V.S.)
| | - Umberto Albert
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste and Department of Mental Health, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina—ASUGI, 34148 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Claudia Carmassi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Carrà
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy;
| | | | - Bernardo Dell’Osso
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Brain Therapeutic, University of Milan, 20157 Milano, Italy;
| | - Mario Luciano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (G.S.); (A.F.)
| | - Giulia Menculini
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Maria Giulia Nanni
- Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy;
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, University Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00100 Rome, Italy;
- Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Gaia Sampogna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (G.S.); (A.F.)
| | | | - Andrea Fiorillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (G.S.); (A.F.)
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The Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Comparison between Caregivers of Autistic and Non-Autistic Individuals in Italy. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12010116. [PMID: 35053859 PMCID: PMC8773860 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak has disrupted the daily routine of the population worldwide, including autistic people and their caregivers, with severe consequences on mental health. On one hand, the reduced social contacts and the interruption of outpatient and daycare services during the lockdown have represented a real challenge for autistic people and their caregivers. On the other hand, confinement has allowed individuals to spend more time pursuing their interests and stay home with their family members without feeling the pressure of social expectations. The present study aimed to compare the levels of personal wellbeing, family distress, insomnia, and resilience between caregivers of autistic people and caregivers of people with other neurodevelopmental, psychiatric, or relational disabilities. A web survey was completed by 383 participants, of which 141 were primary caregivers of autistic people. We did not find any significant difference between caregivers of autistic and non-autistic people in any of the considered psychological variables. Lower age of the autistic family member and lower resilience levels were significantly associated with higher individual distress in the group of caregivers of autistic people. Our findings do not corroborate the hypothesis that caregivers of autistic individuals have had more severe consequences than other caregivers during the lockdown. However, they confirm the importance of promoting resilient coping strategies in autistic people and their caregivers.
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Menculini G, Albert U, Bianchini V, Carmassi C, Carrà G, Cirulli F, Dell'osso B, Fabrazzo M, Perris F, Sampogna G, Nanni MG, Pompili M, Sani G, Volpe U, Tortorella A. Did we learn something positive out of the COVID-19 pandemic? Post-traumatic growth and mental health in the general population. Eur Psychiatry 2022; 64:e79. [PMID: 35000665 PMCID: PMC8888429 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background When facing a traumatic event, some people may experience positive changes, defined as posttraumatic growth (PTG). Methods Understanding the possible positive consequences of the pandemic on the individual level is crucial for the development of supportive psychosocial interventions. The present paper aims to: 1) evaluate the levels of PTG in the general population; 2) to identify predictors of each dimension of post-traumatic growth. Results The majority of the sample (67%, N = 13,889) did not report any significant improvement in any domain of PTG. Participants reported the highest levels of growth in the dimension of “appreciation of life” (2.3 ± 1.4), while the lowest level was found in the “spiritual change” (1.2 ± 1.2). Female participants reported a slightly higher level of PTG in areas of personal strength (p < .002) and appreciation for life (p < .007) compared to male participants, while no significant association was found with age. At the multivariate regression models, weighted for the propensity score, only the initial week of lockdown (between 9-15 April) had a negative impact on the dimension of “relating to others” (B = −.107, 95% CI = −.181 to −.032, p < .005), while over time no other effects were found. The duration of exposure to lockdown measures did not influence the other dimensions of PTG. Conclusions The assessment of the levels of PTG is of great importance for the development of ad hoc supportive psychosocial interventions. From a public health perspective, the identification of protective factors is crucial for developing ad-hoc tailored interventions and for preventing the development of full-blown mental disorders in large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Menculini
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132Perugia, Italy
| | - Umberto Albert
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34128Trieste, Italy.,Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Clinic, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina-ASUGI, 34128Trieste, Italy
| | - Valeria Bianchini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Psychiatric Unit: Trattamenti Riabilitativi Psicosociali, Interventi Precoci, TRIP, Psychosocial Rehabilitation Treatment, Early Interventions University Unit, University of L'Aquila, 67100L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudia Carmassi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carrà
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, 20126Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Cirulli
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, National Institute of Health, 00161Rome, Italy
| | - Bernardo Dell'osso
- Department of Mental Health, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, 20157Milan, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Brain Therapeutic, University of Milan, 20142Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Fabrazzo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Largo Madonna delle Grazie, 80138Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Perris
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Largo Madonna delle Grazie, 80138Naples, Italy
| | - Gaia Sampogna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Largo Madonna delle Grazie, 80138Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Nanni
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Ferrara, 44121Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, University Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Volpe
- Clinical Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60121Ancona, Italy
| | - Alfonso Tortorella
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132Perugia, Italy
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Sampogna G, Falkai P, Gondek T, Fiorillo A. Editorial: New trends in psychiatric research: Toward the clinical characterization of the individual case and the personalization of treatments. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1042536. [PMID: 36276333 PMCID: PMC9583389 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1042536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Sampogna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Fiorillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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41
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Kavanagh BE, O'Donohue JS, Ashton MM, Lotfaliany M, McCallum M, Wrobel AL, Croce S, Berk M, Saunders L, Lai J, Berk L. Coping with COVID-19: Exploring coping strategies, distress, and post-traumatic growth during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1025767. [PMID: 36339873 PMCID: PMC9630636 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1025767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore coping strategies, distress, and post-traumatic growth among Australians with and without a history of a mental health diagnosis during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS Australians (N = 381) completed an online survey between 4-August 2020 and 25-October-2020. Coping strategies, distress, and post-traumatic growth were ascertained via the Brief COPE, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), respectively. Linear regression was conducted to examine the relationship between the Brief COPE, DASS-21, and PTGI, adjusting for sociodemographic factors. Models were conducted separately for those with/without a history of a mental health diagnosis. RESULTS Higher distress was found among those with a history of a mental health diagnosis. Significant differences in the types of coping strategies associated with distress and post-traumatic growth were identified between the groups, however, behavioral disengagement and self-blame consistently predicted depression, anxiety, and stress. For those with a history of a mental health diagnosis, positive reframing decreased anxiety. Self-distraction was associated with post-traumatic growth across both groups. CONCLUSION There are important differences in the way people with and without a history of a mental health diagnosis cope with the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca E Kavanagh
- School of Medicine, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Josephine S O'Donohue
- School of Medicine, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Melanie M Ashton
- School of Medicine, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Mojtaba Lotfaliany
- School of Medicine, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Maddy McCallum
- School of Medicine, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Anna L Wrobel
- School of Medicine, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah Croce
- School of Medicine, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- School of Medicine, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Lucy Saunders
- School of Medicine, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Jerry Lai
- Deakin University, eResearch, Deakin eSolutions, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Intersect Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lesley Berk
- School of Medicine, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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42
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Sampogna G, Pompili M, Fiorillo A. Mental Health in the Time of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Worldwide Perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:ijerph19010161. [PMID: 35010419 PMCID: PMC8750501 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Sampogna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Suicide Prevention Centre, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Andrea Fiorillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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43
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Personality Traits, Cognitive Styles, Coping Strategies, and Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown on Healthy Youngsters. Behav Sci (Basel) 2021; 12:bs12010005. [PMID: 35049616 PMCID: PMC8773230 DOI: 10.3390/bs12010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to explore possible changes in the psychological wellbeing of young healthy students during the initial 14 days of the COVID-19 general lockdown that occurred in March of 2020, and if there was any relation with specific personality traits (neuroticism, psychoticism, and extraversion), cognitive styles (internal and external locus of control and intolerance of uncertainty), and coping strategies. One hundred twenty-two university students aged from 18 to 29 years participated in the study. The dispositional factors were assessed at the beginning of the study, while measures of psychological adjustment (anxiety, depression, and self-perceived health) were taken in three different assessment stages, employing validated questionnaires and scales. Anxiety and depression scores significantly increased after one week of lockdown, reaching a plateau pattern by the second week. The levels of self-perceived mental health, vitality, and quality of life showed a pattern of sustained progressive decrease, with a more acute lessening during the first week. Neuroticism, intolerance of uncertainty, and negative autofocus were associated to worse levels of psychological adjustment. These individual differences might be taken into consideration when designing prevention programs aiming to dampen the psychological impact of a general lockdown in healthy population.
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Muñoz-Violant S, Violant-Holz V, Gallego-Jiménez MG, Anguera MT, Rodríguez MJ. Coping strategies patterns to buffer the psychological impact of the State of Emergency in Spain during the COVID-19 pandemic's early months. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24400. [PMID: 34937863 PMCID: PMC8695586 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03749-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coping style represents the cognitive and behavioral patterns to manage particular demands appraised as taxing the resources of individuals. Studies report associations between certain coping styles and levels of adjustment of anxious symptomatology and emotional distress. The main objective of this study was to analyze behavioral co-occurrent patterns and relationships in the coping strategies used to deal with psychological distress displayed by the Spanish adult population during the first State of Emergency and lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a cross-sectional study that uses selective methodology complemented with an indirect observational methodology, with a nomothetic/punctual/unidimensional design. We collected 996 surveys from 19 out of the 22 autonomous regions in Spain. We focused the analysis on sociodemographic variables, cumulative incidence of the COVID-19 disease and psychological distress variables. We performed two different inferential analyses: Lag sequential analysis to define the participant coping patterns, and polar coordinate analysis to study the interrelationship of the focal behavior with conditioned behaviors. We found behavioral co-occurrent patterns of coping strategies with problem avoidance being found as the coping strategy most frequently engaged by participants. Interestingly, the problem avoidance strategy was not associated with lower anxious symptomatology. By contrast, emotion-focused strategies such as express emotions and social support were associated with higher anxious symptomatology. Our findings underscore the importance of furthering our understanding of coping as a way to aid psychological distress during global public health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Muñoz-Violant
- Hospital Pedagogy in Neonatology and Pediatrics-Research Group, Universitat de Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Foundation for Global Community Health, Las Vegas, NV, 89012, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Verónica Violant-Holz
- Foundation for Global Community Health, Las Vegas, NV, 89012, USA.
- Department of Didactics and Educational Organization, Faculty of Education, Universitat de Barcelona, Llevant Building, 2nd floor. Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, 171, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
- International Observatory in Hospital Pedagogy, Universitat de Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - M Gloria Gallego-Jiménez
- Faculty of Education, Universidad Internacional de la Rioja, 26006, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
- CEU San Pablo University, 28003, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Teresa Anguera
- Faculty of Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel J Rodríguez
- Department Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer de Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
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45
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Ionescu TC, Fetecau BI, Boscaiu V, Tudose C. Anxiety, Perceived Stress, and Resilience during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Population Estimates of Persons Presenting to a General Practitioner in Romania. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11111541. [PMID: 34827540 PMCID: PMC8615933 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11111541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Facing the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals are experiencing severe mental distress. Thus, during the last year, drastic changes occurred in everyday life of every human being. Following social distancing and economic insecurity, significant increases in mental health concerns (loneliness, anxiety, depression, or insomnia) have developed. The objective of this study was to explore the anxiety, perceived stress, and resilience in a population presenting at the general practitioner, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected between February and April 2021 and 440 individuals who presented to the general practitioner were evaluated. Concerning anxiety level, almost half of the respondents (49,3%, N = 217) scored above the threshold value on the anxiety scale (mild intensity 38.6%, moderate intensity 9.9%, severe intensity 0.8%). Having a low level of resilience, as well as experiencing a high level of stress, are both predictive of the occurrence of high anxiety (p < 0.001, r = −0.551 and p < 0.001, r = 0.622, respectively). Furthermore, resilience is negatively related to perceived stress (p < 0.001, r = −0.676). It is critical in the current crisis to recognize those at risk of developing mental illnesses, taking into consideration the various socioeconomic classes, as well as to maintain and improve the general public’s mental health using appropriate psychological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiberiu Constantin Ionescu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-751042075
| | - Bogdana Ioana Fetecau
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Voicu Boscaiu
- “Gheorghe Mihoc-Caius Iacob” Institute of Mathematical Statistics and Applied Mathematics, Romanian Academy of Sciences, 050711 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Catalina Tudose
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
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Menculini G, Tortorella A, Albert U, Carmassi C, Carrà G, Cirulli F, Dell’Osso B, Luciano M, Nanni MG, Pompili M, Sani G, Volpe U, Fiorillo A, Sampogna G. Access to Mental Health Care during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy: Results from the COMET Multicentric Study. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11111413. [PMID: 34827412 PMCID: PMC8615495 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11111413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic represents an unprecedented public health emergency, with consequences at the political, social, and economic levels. Mental health services have been called to play a key role in facing the impact of the pandemic on the mental health of the general population. In the period March-May 2020, an online survey was implemented as part of the Covid Mental Health Trial (COMET), a multicentric collaborative study carried out in Italy, one of the Western countries most severely hit by the pandemic. The present study aims to investigate the use of mental health resources during the first wave of the pandemic. The final sample consisted of 20,712 participants, mainly females (N = 14,712, 71%) with a mean age of 40.4 ± 14.3 years. Access to mental health services was reported in 7.7% of cases. Among those referred to mental health services, in 93.9% of cases (N = 1503 subjects) a psychological assessment was requested and in 15.7% of cases (N = 252) a psychiatric consultation. People reporting higher levels of perceived loneliness (OR 1.079, 95% CI 1.056-1.101, p < 0.001), practicing smart-working (OR 1.122, 95% CI 0.980-1.285, p = 0.095), using avoidant (OR 1.586, 95% CI 1.458-1.725, p < 0.001) and approach (OR 1.215, 95% CI 1.138-1.299, p < 0.001) coping strategies more frequently accessed mental health services. On the other hand, having higher levels of perceived social support (OR 0.833, 95% CI 0.795-0.873, p < 0.001) was associated with a reduced probability to access mental health services. The COVID-19 pandemic represents a new threat to the mental health and well-being of the general population, therefore specific strategies should be implemented to promote access to mental healthcare during the pandemic and afterwards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Menculini
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-075-578-3194
| | - Alfonso Tortorella
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Umberto Albert
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34128 Trieste, Italy;
- Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Clinic, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina—ASUGI, 34128 Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudia Carmassi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Carrà
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy;
| | - Francesca Cirulli
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Bernardo Dell’Osso
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco”, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Health Sciences, Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Brain Therapeutic, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Luciano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Largo Madonna delle Grazie, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (A.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Maria Giulia Nanni
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, University Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Volpe
- Clinical Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Andrea Fiorillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Largo Madonna delle Grazie, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (A.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Gaia Sampogna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Largo Madonna delle Grazie, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (A.F.); (G.S.)
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47
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Serdà BC, Aymerich M, Patiño-Masó J, Cunill M. Mental Health Screening of Healthcare Professionals Who Are Candidates for Psychological Assistance during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:11167. [PMID: 34769686 PMCID: PMC8583048 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Healthcare professionals (HCPs) are among those most affected by the COVID-19 health emergency, with many presenting symptoms of anxiety and depression. Research shows that one of the factors involved in mitigating the impact of stressful situations is the use of cognitive emotional regulation mechanisms. The aims of this study were (a) to describe the functional and dysfunctional cognitive emotional regulation mechanisms (FRMs and DRMs) by gender, (b) to screen the main group of healthcare professionals who are candidates to receive psychological assistance based on FRMs and DRMs, and (c) to determine the HCP profile of candidates for psychological assistance. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. Data were obtained from an adhoc questionnaire-the Cognitive Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-18), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), and the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The representative sample comprised 1452 HCPs. The results revealed significant differences between men and women in the use of DRMs. Women showed a higher use of catastrophizing (≤0.001) and rumination (0.008). The screening procedure detected that 7.5% (109 cases) of the HCPs were candidates to receive psychological support. According to the results of this study, age group (30-39 years old), professional activity (being a nurse or nursing assistant), and having psychological symptoms of anxiety and depression are variables that independently increase the probability of requiring psychological assistance. The gender variable was not found to be an independent factor when it comes to receiving psychological support. In conclusion, it is necessary to consider the influence of cognitive emotional regulation strategies employed by HCPs in the screening of candidates for psychological assistance and design effective interventions to reverse the emotional distress caused by COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernat-Carles Serdà
- Health and Healthcare Research Group, Health Sciences Department, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), University of Girona, 17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Maria Aymerich
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Quality of Life Research Institute, University of Girona, 17071 Girona, Spain; (M.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Josefina Patiño-Masó
- Nursing Department, Quality of Life Research Institute, University of Girona, 17071 Girona, Spain;
| | - Mònica Cunill
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Quality of Life Research Institute, University of Girona, 17071 Girona, Spain; (M.A.); (M.C.)
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48
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Sampogna G, Giallonardo V, Del Vecchio V, Luciano M, Albert U, Carmassi C, Carrà G, Cirulli F, Dell'Osso B, Menculini G, Belvederi Murri M, Pompili M, Sani G, Volpe U, Bianchini V, Fiorillo A. Loneliness in Young Adults During the First Wave of COVID-19 Lockdown: Results From the Multicentric COMET Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:788139. [PMID: 34955932 PMCID: PMC8703162 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.788139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the mental and physical health of the general population at any age, but it is expected to have a protracted and severe consequences for younger populations. The pandemic has had several consequences on mental health including anger and irritability, depressive symptoms and somatic complaints, insomnia, lack of motivation, and loneliness. In particular, loneliness and its related negative feelings are thought to be particularly pronounced during young adulthood because of the many social changes that young people deal with during this period of life. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the type of impact of the pandemic on the mental health of young people and their levels of loneliness experienced during the first phase of the lockdown. Based on the largest Italian study on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of general population, in this paper we aim to: (1) describe the levels of loneliness in a national sample of Italian young adults aged 18-34 years, during the first wave of lockdown in 2020; (2) evaluate the clinical and socio-demographic differences in young adults reporting low vs. high levels of loneliness; (3) assess the role of clinical symptomatology, coping strategies, levels of resilience, and duration of lockdown as possible predictors of loneliness. The final sample consists of 8,584 people, mainly female (72.6%), single, with a mean age of 26.4 (±4.4) years. The mean score at the UCLA was 47.5 (±13.6), with 27% (N = 2,311) of respondents exceeding the cut-off for high levels of loneliness. High levels of loneliness were predicted by the presence of avoidant coping strategies, such as self-distraction (Beta coefficient, B = 0.369, 95% Confidence Interval, CI = 0.328-0.411), venting (B = 0.245, 95% CI = 0.197-0.293), denial (B = 0.110, 95% CI = 0.061-0.159), and emotional disengagement (B = 0.133, 95% CI = 0.080-0.185). Weeks of exposure to the pandemic were significantly associated with worsening of loneliness (p < 0.000). There is currently considerable interest in trying to reduce loneliness, both within the context of COVID-19 and more generally. Our results highlight that young people are at a higher risk of developing loneliness and suggest that more interventions and practical guidelines are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Sampogna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Giallonardo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Del Vecchio
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Luciano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Umberto Albert
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Mental Health, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina-ASUGI, Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudia Carmassi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carrà
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Cirulli
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Bernardo Dell'Osso
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Luigi Sacco and Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Brain Therapeutic, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Martino Belvederi Murri
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, University Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Volpe
- Clinical Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Valeria Bianchini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Psychiatric Unit: Trattamenti Riabilitativi Psicosociali, Interventi Precoci, TRIP, Psychosocial Rehabilitation Treatment, Early Interventions University Unit, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrea Fiorillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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