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Farison F, Lima-Campêlo VR, Paradis MÈ, Buczinski S, Fecteau G, Roy JP, Valdes-Donoso P, Dufour S, Arango-Sabogal JC. Farmers who implemented this, also implemented that: Use of association-rule-learning to improve biosecurity on dairies. Prev Vet Med 2025; 239:106516. [PMID: 40139082 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2025] [Accepted: 03/17/2025] [Indexed: 03/29/2025]
Abstract
Biosecurity practices are the cornerstone of disease prevention and control programs. In Canada, their implementation is evaluated with a Risk Assessment Questionnaire (RAQ). Association Rule Learning (ARL) - a non-supervised machine learning algorithm - is widely used in marketing for consumer segmentation based on purchase patterns. This technique may help veterinarians to recommend biosecurity practices that are more likely to be adopted by producers. In this project, we applied ARL to 3825 RAQ completed by Québec dairy producers to generate 22 million rules that identified combinations of self-reported practices frequently applied together. We retained the best 63 rules predicting the adoption of 13 biosecurity practices with a confidence ≥ 70 %. ARL is useful in studying the relationship between biosecurity practices on dairy farms. By identifying biosecurity practices more likely to be implemented by a given producer, veterinarians can provide targeted recommendations that might improve disease prevention and control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faustin Farison
- Département de pathologie et microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada; Chaire de recherche de biosécurité en production laitière, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada; Regroupement FRQNT Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada.
| | - Vitoria Régia Lima-Campêlo
- Département de pathologie et microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada; Chaire de recherche de biosécurité en production laitière, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada; Regroupement FRQNT Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Paradis
- Association des médecins vétérinaires praticiens du Québec (AMVPQ), Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada; DSAHR Inc., Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada; Regroupement FRQNT Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Sébastien Buczinski
- Département de sciences cliniques, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada; Regroupement FRQNT Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Gilles Fecteau
- Chaire de recherche de biosécurité en production laitière, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada; Département de sciences cliniques, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada; Regroupement FRQNT Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Roy
- Chaire de recherche de biosécurité en production laitière, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada; Département de sciences cliniques, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada; Regroupement FRQNT Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Pablo Valdes-Donoso
- Chaire de recherche de biosécurité en production laitière, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada; Département de sciences cliniques, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada; Plateforme IA-Agrosanté (PIAAS), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Simon Dufour
- Département de pathologie et microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada; Chaire de recherche de biosécurité en production laitière, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada; Regroupement FRQNT Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Juan Carlos Arango-Sabogal
- Département de pathologie et microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada; Chaire de recherche de biosécurité en production laitière, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada; Regroupement FRQNT Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
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Zhao FY, Conduit R, Kennedy GA, Xu PJ, Zhang WJ, Ho YS, Fu QQ, Chow CM. Why some embrace and others hesitate? A behavioral analysis of insomnia sufferers’ engagement with acupuncture treatment. World J Psychiatry 2025; 15:105802. [DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i5.105802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2025] [Revised: 03/17/2025] [Accepted: 04/03/2025] [Indexed: 04/30/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acupuncture is emerging as a promising treatment for insomnia. However, the determinants driving patients’ decisions to pursue or adopt this treatment modality remain underexplored.
AIM To identify the key factors shaping the willingness of patients with insomnia to seek and engage in acupuncture from a patient-centered perspective.
METHODS A semi-structured focus group design was used, with a research framework integrating the capability, opportunity, motivation-behavior model, and theoretical domains framework. The results were mapped onto constructs of a behavioral wheel derived from the capability, opportunity, motivation-behavior/theoretical domains framework matrix. Data analyses employed abductive thematic analysis.
RESULTS Data saturation was achieved after ten focus group sessions, involving a total of 45 participants. Key facilitators for patients with insomnia seeking acupuncture included: (1) Cultural beliefs in ethnic medicine; (2) Concerns about the adverse effects of, and dependence on, hypnotics; (3) Expectations of improvement in comorbid symptoms; (4) Desire for more communication with the clinician; and (5) Incentives from peers and online key opinion leaders. Barriers were: (1) Limited knowledge of acupuncture indications; (2) Accessibility burden; (3) Needle-phobia; and (4) Safety concerns. Additionally, prior acupuncture experiences, family/friend attitudes, and treatment costs (reimbursement rate in health insurance) served as both facilitators and barriers.
CONCLUSION The interrelated facilitators and barriers underscore that the decision to use acupuncture for insomnia is a complex issue involving efficacy/safety, culture, economics, information dissemination, and communication factors. Expanding patient education on acupuncture, increasing media exposure, and improving governmental oversight of this process are essential. Investing in high-quality acupuncture services in public hospital nighttime clinics and community health centers is expected to address accessibility challenges. Acupuncturists need to improve doctor-patient communication, including guiding patients to set treatment expectations that are grounded in reality to enhance service quality. For patients with significant needle-phobia, cognitive manipulation or hypnosis techniques may be employed to improve treatment compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Yi Zhao
- Department of Nursing, School of International Medical Technology, Shanghai Sanda University, Shanghai 201209, China
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora 3083, Victoria, Australia
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China
| | - Russell Conduit
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora 3083, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gerard A Kennedy
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora 3083, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pei-Jie Xu
- School of Computing Technologies, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wen-Jing Zhang
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China
| | - Yuen-Shan Ho
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Qiang-Qiang Fu
- Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Chin-Moi Chow
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, New South Wales, Australia
- Sleep Research Group, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, New South Wales, Australia
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Howell AK, Beechener ES, Benson L, Crawford P, Ewing DA, Fox N, Kenyon F, Kyriazakis I, Pearce M, Strain S, Williams DJL. Identifying barriers to the sustainable control of gastro-intestinal nematodes in sheep: a social science perspective. Animal 2025; 19:101506. [PMID: 40311159 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2025.101506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2025] [Accepted: 03/28/2025] [Indexed: 05/03/2025] Open
Abstract
Many farmers rely on anthelmintics to control gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep. In response to concerns about rising levels of anthelmintic resistance reported in countries around the world, current advice is to adopt more sustainable practices. A small-scale survey of farmers was used to inform group discussions with farmers, veterinarians and anthelmintic prescribers, to better understand barriers to the adoption of sustainable gastro-intestinal nematode control in sheep flocks across the United Kingdom. Thematic analysis of the discussions identified four barriers to change: not seeing the need for change; lack of specific information and support in implementing changes on farm; lack of confidence in the new approaches; and practical obstacles such as time and cost. Nevertheless, there were examples of sustainable parasite control with some farmers making changes to their habitual practices, typically with the support of their veterinarian or Suitably qualified person. We reflect on the findings through the lens of the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation as drivers of Behaviour model. This draws attention to the need for a process of knowledge exchange that allows advice to be tailored to individual farms and makes use of farmer skills and experiences, rather than expecting farmers to follow generic advice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Howell
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston CH64 7TE, United Kingdom.
| | - E S Beechener
- Scotland's Rural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, United Kingdom
| | - L Benson
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, JCMB, The King's Buildings, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, EDINBURGH, EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - P Crawford
- Paul Crawford Veterinary Services, 15 QuarterlandRd, Islandmagee, Larne, Co.Antrim. BT40 3RW, United Kingdom
| | - D A Ewing
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, JCMB, The King's Buildings, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, EDINBURGH, EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - N Fox
- Scotland's Rural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, United Kingdom
| | - F Kenyon
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - I Kyriazakis
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University, Belfast BT9 5DL, United Kingdom
| | - M Pearce
- Scotland's Rural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, United Kingdom
| | - S Strain
- Animal Health and Welfare Northern Ireland, Dungannon BT71 6JT, United Kingdom
| | - D J L Williams
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston CH64 7TE, United Kingdom
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Wicaksono A, Steeneveld W, van Werven T, Hogeveen H, van den Borne BHP. Knowledge, attitude and behaviour of farmers towards the use of reproductive hormones in dairy cattle. Animal 2025; 19:101470. [PMID: 40086417 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2025.101470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2025] [Accepted: 02/13/2025] [Indexed: 03/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Reproductive hormones are regularly applied in dairy farms for cow fertility management regarding oestrus induction and treatment of reproductive diseases. The use of hormones in dairy farms needs to be explored with insight into the farmers' knowledge and attitude to obtain their reasoning behind their behaviour of hormone use. This study aimed to determine and associate dairy farmers' knowledge and attitude with their reproductive hormone use behaviour. An online questionnaire on reproductive hormone use was distributed by 15 veterinary practices, who distributed it to their dairy farm members through email or as an inclusion in an online newsletter. The questionnaire was responded by 188 farmers (response rate of 13%). Data on herd characteristics, knowledge, attitude and hormone use behaviour (self-reported based on a questionnaire and actual use based on hormone sales data) were collected. A knowledge score (0-10) was based on 10 objective knowledge questions. An explanatory factor analysis was conducted to identify latent structures among 19 attitude variables, resulting in four-factor variables. Several regression analyses were conducted to associate knowledge with attitude (multivariate multiple regression), knowledge and attitude with self-reported behaviour (logistic regression) and with actual hormone use (negative binomial regression). All models corrected for eight herd characteristic variables. The mean knowledge score was 5.9 ± 1.8 and 83% of the farmers indicated that they used hormones if their cows were not in oestrus after exceeding some expected days in milk. No significant association was found between knowledge and four attitude factors. However, a higher knowledge score was positively associated with hormone use behaviour (self-reported and actual hormone use). The same direction was shown for a stronger attitude on the benefits of using hormone with both higher hormone use behaviours. A stronger attitude on following the treatment protocol was positively associated with a higher actual hormone use while a stronger attitude towards non-hormonal fertility management was associated with a lower actual hormone use. In conclusion, determining farmers' objective knowledge and attitude provided the reasoning behind their hormone use behaviour. Furthermore, obtained insights into knowledge, attitude and behaviour might therefore be beneficial for improving fertility guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wicaksono
- Business Economics Group, Wageningen University and Research, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN Wageningen, the Netherlands; Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology Division, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Kampus IPB Dramaga, 16680 Bogor, Indonesia.
| | - W Steeneveld
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health Sciences, Section Farm Animal Health, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - T van Werven
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health Sciences, Section Farm Animal Health, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands; University Farm Animal Practice, Reijerscopse Overgang 1, 3481 LZ Harmelen, the Netherlands
| | - H Hogeveen
- Business Economics Group, Wageningen University and Research, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - B H P van den Borne
- Business Economics Group, Wageningen University and Research, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN Wageningen, the Netherlands; Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Doidge C, Bokma J, Ten Brinke N, Carmo LP, Hopp P, Santman-Berends I, Veldhuis A, Kaler J. Dairy farmers' intention to use calf management technologies in four European countries: A QCA and PLS-SEM approach. Prev Vet Med 2025; 236:106417. [PMID: 39798167 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 10/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2025] [Indexed: 01/15/2025]
Abstract
Whilst livestock management technologies may help to improve productivity, economic performance, and animal welfare on farms, there has been low uptake of technologies across farming systems and countries. This study aimed to understand dairy farmers' intention to use calf management technologies by combining partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) with qualitative comparative analysis (QCA). We evaluated the hypotheses that dairy farmers will intend to use calf technologies if they have sufficient competencies, sufficient materials, and positive meanings (e.g., attitudes or emotions) towards calf technologies, and they will not intend to use technologies if one of these elements is missing. An online survey was completed by 269 dairy farmers in Belgium, the Netherlands, Norway, and the UK. A PLS-SEM was developed, where the outcome was the number of calf management technologies that the respondent intended to use, and the latent constructs included meanings, materials, and competencies. QCA was then run separately for the datasets from each country. Intention to use technologies was the outcome, whereas positive meanings, sufficient materials, and sufficient competencies for technology use were conditions in the QCA. Evaluation of the PLS-SEM showed that reliability and validity of the latent constructs was appropriate for analysis. Assessment of the structural model indicated that having positive meanings regarding technologies significantly increased the number of calf technologies the farmer intended to use (β = 0.388, CI = 0.291 - 0.486). The QCA solutions show that the conditions for the intention to use, or not use, calf technologies differed between Belgium, the Netherlands, Norway, and the UK, but the presence (or absence) of positive meanings was consistently important. The solutions for Norway and Belgium aligned with our hypotheses, but the solutions for the Netherlands and UK did not. Some of the solutions exhibited features of causal complexity such as equifinality, conjunctural causation, and asymmetric causation, which would not be able to be easily identified using traditional regression analyses. This study highlights the causal complexity of technology use on farms as a social phenomenon. Furthermore, the study shows the usefulness of QCA for evaluating theoretical hypotheses regarding farmers' behaviour. We suggest that researchers could use this method to investigate other practices on farms that may have causal complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Doidge
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Jade Bokma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction, and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Noëlle Ten Brinke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction, and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | - Petter Hopp
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 64, Ås NO-1431, Norway
| | | | | | - Jasmeet Kaler
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
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Arkangel L, Windeyer C, Goldhawk C, Adams C, Pajor E. Exploring industry perspectives and preferences about calf handling and restraint methods used during spring processing of calves in western Canada. Transl Anim Sci 2025; 9:txaf014. [PMID: 39991202 PMCID: PMC11842966 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txaf014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2025] [Indexed: 02/25/2025] Open
Abstract
Calf processing events have important animal health, management, and sociocultural roles in the beef cattle industry. In western Canada, the three most commonly used methods for spring processing are roping and wrestling (RW), roping and Nord fork (NF), and tilt table (TT). The objective of this study was to understand the preferences and perceptions of handling event participants about calf handling and restraint methods commonly used during western Canadian beef calf processing events during the spring season. Data were collected using a mixed-methods online questionnaire. Quantitative analysis was used to describe the study participants and determine preference rankings. Qualitative, thematic analysis was used to explore participants' perceptions about the common handling and restraint methods and to identify values within and across participants. The majority of participants were farm hands or staff members (92.8%), followed by owners (4.9%), family members (1.4%), friends (0.5%), and others (0.4%). The most preferred method to use was RW, and TT was the least preferred (χ2 = 3239.1, df = 6, p < 0.001). Participants shared values regarding calf safety and stress, processing efficiency, convenience, human safety, and labor intensity when explaining their preference to use calf handling and restraint methods for spring processing. Responses highlighted the need for understanding and skill in low stress handling and processing tasks in order for any of the methods to be effective. These values identify aspects to address when developing best practice recommendations for calf handling and restraint. Furthermore, focusing communication through the lens of these shared values will likely positively engage participants in extension efforts and community discussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Arkangel
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Claire Windeyer
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Christy Goldhawk
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Cindy Adams
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Ed Pajor
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
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Webb TL, Molina J, Sheridan L, du Plessis H, Brown J, Abraham H, Morton O, McKay S. Developing and evaluating a health pack to support dog owners to manage the weight of their companion animals. Front Vet Sci 2025; 11:1483130. [PMID: 39840344 PMCID: PMC11746120 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1483130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 12/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2025] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity is a serious and prevalent problem in dogs. The causes are multifactorial, but owners play a key role and so this paper reports the development and evaluation of a health pack designed to help owners to manage the weight of their dogs. Method The pack was informed by previous research, behavior change theory (i.e., the COM-B model), and interviews with 12 veterinary professionals to identify challenges and potential solutions. Six workshops with a total of 28 dog owners provided feedback on the initial ideas. The pack included information on the importance of weight management, how to weigh and assess body condition score (BCS), a journal to track progress, an infographic illustrating the calorific value of treats, cards to help owners manage difficult situations, and a collar tag for the dog. The acceptability of the materials and potential outcomes were evaluated in a pre-registered pilot trial with a sample of 78 dog owners who were posted a health pack, 49 of whom completed a follow-up questionnaire. Results The findings suggested that owners were willing to weigh their dog, found the pack acceptable, and there was preliminary evidence that the weight and BCS of dogs was lower at follow-up than at baseline. Discussion The findings illustrate the potential of a health pack for supporting dog owners and provide the basis for a larger RCT to formally evaluate effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L. Webb
- School of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Joanna Brown
- Mind Field Advertising, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Susan McKay
- Companion Consultancy, Littleborough, United Kingdom
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Khamassi Khbou M, Rekik S, Romdhane R, Sassi L, Bergmann F, Groschup MH, Rekik M, Gharbi M. Assessment of the Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception (KAP) of Sheep Farmers Regarding Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens in Tunisia, North Africa. Vet Sci 2024; 12:2. [PMID: 39852877 PMCID: PMC11769336 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci12010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2024] [Revised: 12/19/2024] [Accepted: 12/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2025] Open
Abstract
Ticks and tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) are a threat to human and animal health worldwide. A structured questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge, attitudes/practices, and perceptions (KAP) of 86 farmers of extensive sheep farming systems across different agro-ecological areas in Tunisia. The response rate was about 91.3%. Overall, 68.5% of the questions referring to knowledge and perceptions were answered correctly. Indeed, about half of the respondents were aware that ticks infest animals, with weight loss given as the major consequence. However, more than half of the farmers were unaware of the transmission and vectorial role of ticks. Those who knew that ticks are vectors cited microbes and icterus as the main concerns. A broad majority of farmers (70.9%) stated that they removed the attached ticks manually and 45.3% crushed them. As acaricides were perceived to be efficient for fighting ticks, according to 97.7% of the sheep farmers, they were used for both the animals and their sleeping areas. Although the toxicity of acaricides is known, 59.3% of the respondents did not use personal protection equipment when applying these products. Taken together, gaps in KAP among sheep farmers were identified. It can be used to better design awareness communication tools for TBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Médiha Khamassi Khbou
- Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Zoonoses, and Sanitary Regulation, Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet 2020, Tunisia
| | - Syrine Rekik
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Zoonoses, and Sanitary Regulation, Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet 2020, Tunisia; (S.R.); (R.R.); (L.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Rihab Romdhane
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Zoonoses, and Sanitary Regulation, Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet 2020, Tunisia; (S.R.); (R.R.); (L.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Limam Sassi
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Zoonoses, and Sanitary Regulation, Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet 2020, Tunisia; (S.R.); (R.R.); (L.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Felicitas Bergmann
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany; (F.B.); (M.H.G.)
| | - Martin H. Groschup
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany; (F.B.); (M.H.G.)
| | - Mourad Rekik
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Avenue Hédi Karray, Ariana 2049, Tunisia;
| | - Mohamed Gharbi
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Zoonoses, and Sanitary Regulation, Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet 2020, Tunisia; (S.R.); (R.R.); (L.S.); (M.G.)
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Jannah N, Fahrunnisa, Paramitadevi YV, Vibowo H, Kurniawan FA, Komarudin NA, Hidayat A. Antibiotic Utilization and Its Implications Among Ruminant Farmers and Stakeholders in Sumbawa Regency, Indonesia. Vet Med Int 2024; 2024:6519659. [PMID: 39712530 PMCID: PMC11661870 DOI: 10.1155/vmi/6519659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 11/27/2024] [Indexed: 12/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The rise in antimicrobial resistance is a vital concern, and various factors, such as the overuse of antibiotics in agriculture, have contributed to its development and spread. Livestock farmers, veterinarians, and pharmacies are key prescribers of antibiotics for disease prevention, control, and treatment of ruminant animals. A qualitative study in the Sumbawa District examined their awareness, attitudes, and practices concerning antibiotic use, residues, and resistance, underscoring their vital role in tackling this challenge. The study utilized nine key informant interviews, sixteen in-depth interviews, a single focus group discussion, and on-farm observations using semistructured formats and thematic analysis to identify and explore themes. This revealed a common practice of antibiotic self-medication among ruminant farmers in the Sumbawa Regency, driven by limited knowledge and leading to medicine store purchases based on advice from veterinary paraprofessionals or for unregulated self-treatment. Factors contributing to antibiotic misuse include trust in veterinary paraprofessionals, economic limitations, lack of targeted antiresistance programs, and insufficient regulation of antibiotic sales. Enhancing veterinary paraprofessionals' awareness of their ethical duties, launching educational programs for actors, providing financial support for these initiatives, and strict enforcement of regulations by the local government are strategies that could collectively promote responsible antibiotic use and stewardship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Jannah
- Ecosystem, Environment, and Applied Communication Division, Environmental Management and Engineering Study Program, College of Vocational Studies, IPB University, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Fahrunnisa
- Sociology Study Program, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Sumbawa University of Technology, Sumbawa, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
| | - Yudith Vega Paramitadevi
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Heryudianto Vibowo
- Production Technology Division, Veterinary Paramedic Study Program, College of Vocational Studies, IPB University, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Fariz Am Kurniawan
- Production Technology Division, Livestock Management and Technology Study Program, College of Vocational Studies, IPB University, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Nurul Amri Komarudin
- Environmental Engineering Study Program, Engineering Faculty, University of Singaperbangsa Karawang, Karawang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Aceng Hidayat
- Department of Resource and Environmental Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, IPB University, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
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Vaarst M, Ritter C, Saraceni J, Roche S, Wynands E, Kelton D, Koralesky KE. Invited review: Qualitative social and human science research focusing on actors in and around dairy farming. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:10050-10065. [PMID: 39154719 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-25329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Qualitative research related to humans, dairy cows, calves, and farming has been published by scientists from a variety of disciplines in many journals targeting dairy science audiences. We aimed to investigate how scientific communities other than those working in dairy science describe, analyze, and discuss dairy farming, because we found it important to bring this research to the attention of dairy scientists. In total, 117 articles were identified as involving one or more qualitative research methods in relation to dairy cattle. The review brought out a wealth of perspectives, new insights, and discussions related to dairy cattle, farmers, farming, and the sector, and in relation to societal issues and food and ecological landscapes. A broad range of qualitative research methods were used, and the literature targeted issues at the animal, farm, societal, food system, and landscape levels. Some raised critical questions about existing structures, highlighted unfairness in the industry, or pointed to new potential futures and contemporary agendas. We expect that it will be inspirational and stimulating for researchers to review new sources of literature and suggest a closer interdisciplinary collaboration among researchers from different disciplines for the future development of research involving dairy cattle. Further, it could be relevant and even necessary to engage in such interaction to avoid increasing polarization around future development of the sector-for example, related to climate change or how industrialization seems to push inequity or ignore the agency of animals themselves. Exploring perspectives of farming from different angles could enrich the outcomes of future dairy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vaarst
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
| | - C Ritter
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada C1A 4P3
| | - J Saraceni
- ACER Consulting Ltd., Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 5L3
| | - S Roche
- ACER Consulting Ltd., Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 5L3; Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - E Wynands
- ACER Consulting Ltd., Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 5L3
| | - D Kelton
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - K E Koralesky
- Animal Welfare Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4
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Paarlberg CE, Veldhuis A, Monti GE, Heres L, Dijkstra T, Santman-Berends IMGA. Evaluation of a data-driven youngstock rearing quality system in Dutch dairy herds (2019-2022). Prev Vet Med 2024; 232:106312. [PMID: 39178522 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the Netherlands exhibited an increased focus on improving youngstock rearing. Several data-driven tools were developed to assess and benchmark calf rearing practices based on key indicators, stimulate farmers to improve their youngstock rearing and reduce calf mortality. KalfOK is such a data-driven tool in which a farm-level overview with 15 indicators of youngstock rearing quality is communicated to participating farmers. In this study we assessed which farm characteristics are associated with A) a continuously high or low KalfOK score and B) frequent usage of KalfOK. Data from KalfOK and the identification and registration system were available for all participating herds over a period between 2019 and 2022 (Dataset A). Additionally, a sample of 324 dairy farmers, randomly selected from the entire Dutch dairy population (Dataset B), participated in a voluntary survey. Multivariable (logistic) regression models were used to A) identify differences in characteristics between farms with a continuously high- and farms with a continuously low KalfOK score and B) assess which farm characteristics were associated with frequent use of the KalfOK report. The results of analysis A showed multiple factors associated with having a low or high KalfOK score, including replacement rate, closed farming system, limited growth in herd size and the region where a farm was located. Sociological factors might also partly explain the difference between high and low scoring farms. Analysis B showed that approximately half of the surveyed farmers indicated that they do not frequently use their KalfOK overview in their calf rearing management. The KalfOK score of farmers who regularly use their KalfOK report was higher - and consequently better - compared to the KalfOK score of farmers who sometimes or never use KalfOK. Additionally, farmers using a milk robot and those discussing KalfOK regularly with their veterinarian, used KalfOK more often. Thirty four percent of the surveyed farmers made adjustments to their youngstock rearing management since the start of participation. The study's insights into patterns in KalfOK utilization and associations with farm characteristics provide valuable information for ongoing efforts to enhance calf rearing practices via the use of KalfOK. It is important to consider what is needed to convince farmers that do not use the KalfOK tool to frequently start using their KalfOK report. Future research incorporating sociological aspects can provide a more comprehensive understanding of other dynamics influencing calf rearing and contribute valuable insights for enhancing the effectiveness of programs like KalfOK in promoting calf health and welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathérine E Paarlberg
- Royal GD, PO Box 9, Deventer 7400 AA, the Netherlands; Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology Group, Animal Sciences department, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6700 AH, the Netherlands.
| | - Anouk Veldhuis
- Royal GD, PO Box 9, Deventer 7400 AA, the Netherlands; Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology Group, Animal Sciences department, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6700 AH, the Netherlands.
| | - Gustavo E Monti
- Royal GD, PO Box 9, Deventer 7400 AA, the Netherlands; Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology Group, Animal Sciences department, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6700 AH, the Netherlands.
| | - Lourens Heres
- Royal GD, PO Box 9, Deventer 7400 AA, the Netherlands; Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology Group, Animal Sciences department, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6700 AH, the Netherlands.
| | - Thomas Dijkstra
- Royal GD, PO Box 9, Deventer 7400 AA, the Netherlands; Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology Group, Animal Sciences department, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6700 AH, the Netherlands.
| | - Inge M G A Santman-Berends
- Royal GD, PO Box 9, Deventer 7400 AA, the Netherlands; Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology Group, Animal Sciences department, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6700 AH, the Netherlands.
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12
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Šlapeta J, Vande Velde F, Martínez-Valladares M, Canton C, Claerebout E, Gilleard JS. Towards precision parasite management for livestock gastrointestinal nematodes in 2030. Trends Parasitol 2024; 40:886-895. [PMID: 39217092 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2024.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The management of parasitic nematodes calls for a shift from conventional, indiscriminate, anthelmintic use to a more precise approach, directed by diagnostics. We should accept those parasite infection intensities that have minimal impact on production and welfare rather than attempt to eliminate them. The diagnostic toolbox for gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) faces challenges due to anthelmintic resistance (AR), which is species-specific, drug-class-specific, and varies by region. We discuss which traditional tools may become obsolete and which tools need development to gain widespread use. Social science research highlights the need for dialogue between farmers and veterinarians that emphasises effective parasite management and upskilling the veterinary workforce for more sustainable practices centred on diagnostics to be adopted in practice by 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Šlapeta
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Fiona Vande Velde
- Laboratory for Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | - Candela Canton
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Campus Universitario, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Edwin Claerebout
- Laboratory for Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Power GM, Renaud DL, Miltenburg C, Spence KL, Hagen BNM, Winder CB. Ontario dairy producers' and veterinarians' perspectives: Barriers to biosecurity implementation. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:5738-5753. [PMID: 38490560 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Implementing biosecurity protocols is necessary to reduce the spread of disease on dairy farms. In Ontario biosecurity implementation is variable among farms, and the barriers to implementing biosecurity are unknown. Thirty-five semistructured interviews were conducted between July 2022 and January 2023 with dairy producers (n = 17) and veterinarians (n = 18). Participants also completed a demographic survey. Thematic analysis was performed with constructivist and grounded theory paradigms. Thematic coding was done inductively using NVivo software. Dairy producers' understanding of the definition of biosecurity varied, with all understanding that it was to prevent the spread of disease. Furthermore, the most common perception was that biosecurity prevented the spread of disease onto the farm. Both veterinarians and producers stated that closed herds were one of the most important biosecurity protocols. Barriers to biosecurity implementation included a lack of resources, internal and external business influencers, individual perceptions of biosecurity, and a lack of industry initiative. Understanding the barriers producers face provides veterinarians with the chance to tailor their communication to ensure barriers are reduced or for other industry members to reduce the barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Power
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1 Canada.
| | - D L Renaud
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - C Miltenburg
- Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Guelph, ON, N1G 4Y2 Canada
| | - K L Spence
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - B N M Hagen
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - C B Winder
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1 Canada
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Burrell AM, Balaine L, Clifford S, McGrath M, Graham DA, McCoy F, Dillon E, Regan Á. A multi-methods, multi-actor exploration of the benefits and barriers to milk recording on Irish farms using the COM-B model. Prev Vet Med 2024; 227:106195. [PMID: 38615535 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Milk recording is a critical tool in dairy farming, providing individual cow information. When used effectively, this data contributes to on-farm productivity, herd health management decisions and supports prudent veterinary prescribing of antimicrobials. Although an industry and government priority, uptake has been relatively slow in Ireland. This multi-methods, three-part study aimed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the benefits to farm performance, and factors driving uptake of milk recording on Irish dairy farms. It involved an economic analysis of N=516 farms from 2008-2019, a workshop with N=26 stakeholders and an online survey of N=197 non-milk-recording farmers. Quantitative and qualitative data were analysed using econometric models and thematic analysis respectively. Results were synthesised using the COM-B model to gain a deeper understanding of what drives the target behaviour. The study revealed that agricultural education, farm location, farm specialisation in dairy and membership of a farmer discussion group were the main factors influencing uptake of milk recording. Milk recording was associated with a €39.04/cow increase in gross margin, a 177.58 litres/cow increase in milk yield and a reduction of 13,450 cells/ml in bulk milk tank somatic cell count readings. Infrastructural constraints, cost, lack of benefits and workload were the most reported perceived barriers to milk recording by farmers. The Behaviour Change Wheel illustrates how to utilise findings and systematically develop future interventions to increase milk recording uptake. This study highlights the importance of a multi-methods approach to agricultural technology adoption and the need for evidence-based methodology when developing behaviour change interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Mg Burrell
- Animal Health Ireland, 2 - 5 The Archways, Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim N41 WN27, Ireland.
| | - Lorraine Balaine
- Agricultural Economics and Farm Surveys, Rural Economy & Development Programme, Teagasc Mellows Campus, Athenry, Co., Galway H65 R7182, Ireland
| | - Seán Clifford
- Agrifood Business and Spatial Analysis, Rural Economy & Development Programme, Teagasc Mellows Campus, Athenry, Co., Galway H65 R7182, Ireland
| | - Michelle McGrath
- Animal Health Ireland, 2 - 5 The Archways, Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim N41 WN27, Ireland
| | - David A Graham
- Animal Health Ireland, 2 - 5 The Archways, Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim N41 WN27, Ireland
| | - Finola McCoy
- Animal Health Ireland, 2 - 5 The Archways, Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim N41 WN27, Ireland
| | - Emma Dillon
- Agricultural Economics and Farm Surveys, Rural Economy & Development Programme, Teagasc Mellows Campus, Athenry, Co., Galway H65 R7182, Ireland
| | - Áine Regan
- Agrifood Business and Spatial Analysis, Rural Economy & Development Programme, Teagasc Mellows Campus, Athenry, Co., Galway H65 R7182, Ireland
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Clark B, Proctor A, Mahon N, Holloway L. Exploring farmer and advisor lameness management behaviors using the COM-B model of behavior change. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1258906. [PMID: 38298450 PMCID: PMC10827996 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1258906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This paper applies the COM-B framework to farmer and farm advisor understandings and responses to lameness in sheep, beef, and dairy systems. It reflects on how farmers' and advisors' capability, opportunity, and motivation (COM-B) influence lameness management practices in these farming systems, and considers the interaction between these three factors, and stakeholders' behavior. Methods Interviews with 29 farmers and 21 farm advisors in the north of England were conducted. Thematic analysis was undertaken with results categorized in relation to the COM-B framework focusing on barriers and enablers of lameness management. Use of the COM-B model provides a useful means of understanding the underlying behavioral mechanisms that contribute toward the persistence of lameness. This includes the complexities and interactions which hamper implementation of lameness management best practice. Results and discussion The findings highlight three key areas to address with interventions to improve lameness management on farm: (1) removing physical and social barriers for lameness management; (2) improving psychological capability and motivation for lameness management; and (3) facilitating relationships and developing communication between farmers and advisors. In particular, the value of exploring both farmer and advisor perspectives on behavior in the animal health context is demonstrated. Future interventions should look to target these three areas to overcome barriers and focus on factors that enable positive lameness practices to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Clark
- Centre for Rural Economy, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Proctor
- Centre for Rural Economy, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Niamh Mahon
- Social, Economic and Geographical Sciences Group, James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Lewis Holloway
- School of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
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Taramuel-Taramuel JP, Montoya-Restrepo IA, Barrios D. Drivers linking farmers' decision-making with farm performance: A systematic review and future research agenda. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20820. [PMID: 37867840 PMCID: PMC10585299 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A strong aptitude for making sound decisions on a farm is closely linked to favorable farm outcomes, and this finding has been observed across diverse types of farm businesses and geographic locations. Traditionally, research in farm management has addressed the drivers of decision-making and performance as separate entities; however, this article presents novel evidence on the relationship between farmers' decision-making and farm performance. We also examine this association in various contexts of farm decision-making, spanning the past decade. Our comprehensive review encompasses 24 empirical studies conducted in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The analysis focuses on research topics, performance measures, and methodological perspectives. The findings reveal seven key research topics: farmers' management capacity; the influence of management and farm structure; farmers' emotional attachment to their businesses; personal aspects, farm characteristics, and institutional settings; the significance of farm recordkeeping; joint decisions in farm decision-making processes; and rational inefficiencies in farm decisions. Most studies employed conventional farm performance measures, including financial indicators, technical efficiency, and productivity indicators. Existing studies have predominantly used quantitative methodologies. We also identified research gaps and provide suggestions for future investigations in this field. Our results underscore the pivotal role of decision-making ability in shaping farmers' managerial capacity and, consequently, farm performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P. Taramuel-Taramuel
- Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación Biogénesis, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | | | - Dursun Barrios
- Grupo de Investigación Biogénesis, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
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17
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Ritter C, Koralesky KE, Saraceni J, Roche S, Vaarst M, Kelton D. Invited review: Qualitative research in dairy science-A narrative review. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:5880-5895. [PMID: 37474366 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-23125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The use of qualitative research in dairy science has increased considerably in recent years, providing the opportunity to inform research and practice. This review aims to enhance the accessibility of qualitative research among a range of audiences and specifically: (1) provide an overview of what qualitative research is and the value it can bring to scientific inquiries in the dairy context, (2) illustrate the emergence of qualitative dairy science research in the past 15 to 20 years, (3) outline the role of the researcher and key philosophical assumptions underlying qualitative research, (4) describe qualitative research approaches and methods used in dairy science research, and (5) highlight key aspects of qualitative inquiry used to ensure research trustworthiness. Qualitative approaches in dairy science enable researchers to understand myriad topics including stakeholder relationships, decision-making, and behaviors regarding dairy cattle management, animal welfare, and disease prevention and control measures. Approaches that were used often for qualitative data collection were individual interviews and focus groups, and variations of thematic analysis were common analytical frameworks. To assess public values, attitudes, and perceptions, mixed methods questionnaires that combined quantitative data with qualitative data from open-ended questions were used regularly. Although still used infrequently, action research and participatory approaches have the potential to bridge the research-implementation gap by facilitating group-based learning and on-farm changes. Some publications described the philosophical assumptions inherent to qualitative research, and many authors included reflexivity and positionality statements. Although a comprehensive description of strategies to meet trustworthiness criteria for qualitative research was uncommon, many publications mentioned certain aspects of trustworthiness, such as member checking, researcher triangulation, and the recording of reflexive notes. Qualitative research has been used to deepen our understanding of phenomena relevant to the dairy sector and has opened the door for a broad array of new opportunities. In addition to having merit on its own, qualitative research can guide, inform, and expand on quantitative research, and an understanding of the core pillars of qualitative research can foster interdisciplinary collaborations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ritter
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada, C1A 4P3.
| | - K E Koralesky
- Animal Welfare Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, V6T 1Z4
| | - J Saraceni
- ACER Consulting Ltd., Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 5L3
| | - S Roche
- ACER Consulting Ltd., Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 5L3; Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - M Vaarst
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark, DK-8830
| | - D Kelton
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
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Grant N, Buchanan H, Brennan ML. Factors within A Veterinarian-Cattle Farmer Relationship That May Impact on Biosecurity Being Carried out on Farms: An Exploratory Study. Vet Sci 2023; 10:410. [PMID: 37505816 PMCID: PMC10383729 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10070410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Veterinarians (vets) appear to be one of the main gateways to biosecurity information for cattle farmers, and therefore are likely to affect the implementation of these measures. The aim of this study was to explore factors within the vet-farmer relationship that may impact on biosecurity being carried out on cattle farms in England. Interviews were conducted with cattle farmers and large-animal vets, with a focus on individuals deemed to implement good levels of biosecurity or those working with said individuals. The questions explored how each stakeholder felt the communication occurred between the groups and the perceived consequential influence each had on the other. Inductive Thematic analysis was used to explore participants' experience of vet-farmer interactions with a focus on areas of reciprocity between the two groups. Five primary themes were identified. Factors within the vet-cattle farmer relationship, such as trust and familiarity, which were interconnected with time spent with each other, appeared to influence the uptake of biosecurity measures on cattle farms. These factors purportedly impacted the ability of vet-farmer pairs to have cooperative discussions and enter into shared decision-making. In order to enhance animal and human health and welfare, these relationship factors might be key to the development of sustainable optimisation frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikisha Grant
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Heather Buchanan
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Marnie L Brennan
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
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Jorritsma R, Swinkels J, van Werven T, Lahaye N, Martena M, Stok M. Drivers and perceived constraints on Dutch dairy farms to engage in disease prevention. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1124500. [PMID: 37065228 PMCID: PMC10101226 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1124500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionWhile prevention is increasingly important in the dairy sector, implementation of cost-effective preventive measures is often lacking. To increase the use of these measures and consequently improve animal welfare and reduce financial losses for farmers, it is necessary to know the drivers and constraints of farmers to engage in prevention.MethodsTherefore, we invited farmers to participate in an online questionnaire, which contained questions about their behavior toward either claw health or calf health. We used the theory form the Stage of Change model, COM-B, as well as the Theory of Planned Behavior to formulate our questions. We used the responses of 226 farmers in our analyses, who were equally distributed over the two groups of diseases.Results and discussionWe found that 63.5% of responding farmers were in the action phase or the maintenance phase to prevent claw diseases and even more (85.4%) to prevent calf diseases. The responses also suggest that many farmers have the knowledge and skills to implement preventive measures for both claw and calf diseases. The scores for social and physical opportunities for calf diseases were significantly higher than for claw diseases and all other COM-B components were also numerically higher for calf diseases. This suggests that farmers' perception of taking preventive measures against claw diseases is more difficult than taking preventive measures against calf disease. The automation of preventive behavior scored relatively low for both groups of diseases, which suggests that farmers may need reminders to persist in their activities and support to create habitual prevention behaviors. From these results, we concluded that creating social norms, supporting discussions among farmers, and using environmental adaptations may result in more preventive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruurd Jorritsma
- Department Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Ruurd Jorritsma
| | | | - Tine van Werven
- Department Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- University Farm Animal Practice, Harmelen, Netherlands
| | - Nadia Lahaye
- Department Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Merel Martena
- Department Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marijn Stok
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Khoshnodifar Z, Karimi H, Ataei P. Mechanisms to change farmers' drought adaptation behaviors in Sistan and Baluchistan Province, Iran. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2023.1121254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionFrequent droughts in Iran have imposed economic and social losses on farmers. To mitigate drought implications, farmers' behaviors should be shifted towards drought adaptation. This research mainly aimed to study mechanisms for changing farmers' drought adaptation behaviors in Sistan and Baluchistan Province.MethodsThe research was conducted among farmers in this province (N = 950). The sample whose size was estimated at 275 farmers by Krejcie and Morgan's table was taken by the stratified random sampling technique. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS23 and AMOS23 software. The comprehensive action determination model was validated by confirmatory factor analysis. Furthermore, structural equation modeling was used to explore the components influencing farmers' drought adaptation behaviors.Results and discussionAccording to the results, personal norms, attitudes, objective barriers, and subjective barriers had positive and significant effects on the farmers' intention to apply drought adaptation strategies. As well, the farmers' adaptation behaviors were influenced by their behavioral intentions, objective barriers, and subjective barriers. It can be concluded that changing the mechanism of farmers' behaviors toward drought adaptation is shaped by the processes included in the comprehensive action determination model in which norms, habits, situational influences, and intentional processes are involved.
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Imada JB, Roche SM, Thaivalappil A, Bauman CA, Kelton DF. Investigating Ontario dairy farmers motivations and barriers to the adoption of biosecurity and Johne's control practices. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:2449-2460. [PMID: 36870850 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
For the control of Johne's disease (JD), management practices to minimize disease transmission must be implemented and maintained. Once infected, animals will enter a latent phase and will typically only manifest clinical symptoms years later. As young calves are the main susceptible group on farm, the observed effects of management practices geared toward minimizing their exposure to infective material may not be realized until years later. This delayed feedback limits the sustained implementation of JD control practices. Although quantitative research methods have demonstrated changes to management practices as well as their association with changes to JD prevalence, dairy farmers can offer insights into the current challenges relating to JD implementation and control. Thus, this study aims to use qualitative methods and in-depth interviews (n = 20) with Ontario dairy farmers who had previously been engaged in a Johne's control program to explore their motivations and barriers to the implementation of JD control practices and general herd biosecurity. A thematic analysis using inductive coding was completed generated the following 4 overarching themes: (1) the hows and whys of Johne's control, (2) barriers to general herd biosecurity, (3) barriers to Johne's control, and (4) overcoming barriers. Farmers no longer believed JD was an issue on their farm. Johne's was low on their list of concerns due to little public discourse, absence of animals displaying clinical signs, and no financial support for diagnostic testing. Producers who were still actively engaged in JD control cited animal and human health as their primary motivations. Financial support, targeted education, and promoting engagement through discourse may help encourage producers to reconsider their participation in JD control. Government and industry collaboration with producers may help to develop more effective biosecurity and disease control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Imada
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1.
| | - S M Roche
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1; ACER Consulting, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 5L3
| | - A Thaivalappil
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - C A Bauman
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - D F Kelton
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
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Pao HN, Jackson E, Yang TS, Tsai JS, Sung WHT, Pfeiffer DU. Determinants of farmers' biosecurity mindset: A social-ecological model using systems thinking. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:959934. [PMID: 36046509 PMCID: PMC9420990 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.959934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Commercial poultry is often farmed in high-density facilities, therefore, predisposing exposure to threats of infectious diseases. Studies suggest that it is likely that farmers have little motivation to practise on-farm biosecurity. In Taiwan, where high-density intensive poultry production is commonplace, unfortunately, several avian influenza outbreaks have occurred over the past decade despite the establishment of biosecurity procedures. To develop effective interventions, it is essential to understand the determinants of farmers' biosecurity mindset through systems thinking. In this qualitative study, we directly explored the opinions of Taiwan's chicken farmers, and a grounded theory analysis was performed. The study revealed that farmers allocate resources based on their justification for the optimisation of resource utilisation, and biosecurity is the most concerning challenge. Farmers focus on the economic aspects of their production systems, particularly when the implementation of biosecurity increases production costs, and there are multifaceted, complex barriers to implementing on-farm biosecurity. Although the participant farmers accepted to take major responsibility for disease management, paradoxically, some farmers blamed the practicality of government regulations and government employees' attitudes. Additionally, the farmers rejected the government's intentions to ask farmers to take major responsibility for the outbreaks of avian influenza while some of them intended to ignore the perceived risks. Government interventions that were considered not directly related to biosecurity also negatively influenced farmers' willingness to improve biosecurity. Using the interview results together with information in the scientific literature, we constructed a modified six-level social-ecological model to explain the complex influences of macro socio-economic conditions on farmers' biosecurity mindset. The novelty of this research lies in its wider relevance to Taiwan's chicken production industry in that it provides first-hand evidence-based knowledge to demonstrate a wide number of determinants of farmers' biosecurity mindset. This social-ecological model highlights the importance of systems thinking for the development of behavioural interventions and allows adaptation to the local context. The findings of this study have relevance to Taiwan's chicken production industry and potentially to similar systems in other countries in the wider region and should result in more effective animal health management at the farm level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-ni Pao
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics, and Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Hai-ni Pao
| | - Elizabeth Jackson
- School of Management and Marketing, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Jyan-syung Tsai
- Department of Finance and Cooperative Management, National Taipei University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Dirk U. Pfeiffer
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics, and Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
- Centre for Applied One Health Research and Policy Advice, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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