Sleep quality and depression are known to be associated with anaemia in adults, but studies are limited among children and adolescents. The present study aimed to assess the association between sleep quality, depression, and haemoglobin concentration in Indonesian adolescents aged 10-19 years. Data of 452 adolescent boys and girls, aged 10-19 years old, were collected across all subdistricts in Gunungkidul district, Yogyakarta province, Indonesia, in 2021 (baseline) and 2022 (follow-up). Sleep quality and depression were assesed using The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and The Kessler-10 Psychological Distress Scale (K10), respectively. Haemoglobin concentration was measured, with corrections applied for altitude and smoking. Anaemia status was defined as haemoglobin < 11.5 g/dL for adolescents aged 10-11 years old, < 12 g/dL for those aged 12-14 years old and for girls aged 15 years and older, and < 13 g/dL for boys aged 15 years old and older. Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was employed to identify distinct subgroups of adolescents based on shared patterns of sleep quality and depression. Multiple linear regression was applied to identify associations between class membership and haemoglobin concentration at baseline and follow-up, with adjustments for baseline haemoglobin concentration, sex, age, pubertal status, alcohol consumption, smoking status, and household income. The overall prevalence of anaemia was 21% at baseline and 29% at follow-up, with girls being more affected than boys. LCA yielded 5 classes of sleep quality and depression. We did not find an association between class membership and haemoglobin concentration at baseline. However, in comparison to class A and after adjustments, membership of class B (moderate-to-good sleep quality and low risk of depression, with some tiredness) predicted a reduction of 0.43 g/dL (95% CI: -0.79; -0.07), whereas membership of class C (moderate sleep quality and moderate risk of depression) predicted a reduction of 0.49 g/dL (95% CI: -0.94; -0.04) in haemoglobin concentration at 1 year follow-up. Our study found that poor sleep quality and depression symptoms are associated with lower haemoglobin concentrations over time. Mental health and sleep quality should therefore be considered in intervention programs that address anaemia.

The world has experienced numerous natural and man-made disasters throughout history. Due to these unforeseen circumstances, children and adolescents have reported significant psychopathologies in response to traumatic experiences. We aimed to investigate the surge of internalizing and externalizing psychopathologies during COVID-19 and to assess the efficacy of single-session therapies used to treat mental health issues during this period.

Overall, 270 articles were retrieved across both phases of the study, with 250 articles identified in Phase I and 20 in Phase II. Following the PRISMA flowchart guidelines, approximately 30 studies were selected to meet the objective of Phase I, while 10 studies were chosen to address the objective of Phase II. The articles were retrieved from various databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Ovid, CENTRAL, JSTOR, NCBI, and Science Direct. Only articles published between 2019 and 2022 were included in the study.

The findings of first phase of study indicated a surge in internalizing psychopathologies (such as anxiety, depression, loneliness, and somatic problems) and externalizing psychopathologies (including conduct/oppositional disorders, sleep disturbances, suicidal ideation, ADHD, and substance abuse) over the past four years. Additionally, according to the findings of the second phase of the study, single-session therapies were found to be effective in mitigating symptoms of depression and anxiety.

The study's findings are discussed in the context of counseling adolescents, highlighting the importance of addressing mental health issues in this demographic.

The absence of parents owing to relocation from rural to urban areas has a detrimental effect on the mental health of adolescents in China. Previous studies have examined interpersonal relationships (IRs) and psychological health using a variable-centered approach based on group differences. Few studies have employed person-centered approaches to identify specific patterns of IRs in a large sample of Chinese left-behind adolescents (LBA), and little is known about the association between these profiles and psychological health.

To identify interpersonal relationship patterns of LBA with family and school systems members using latent profile analysis (LPA) and to examine their association with psychological health.

The sample included 4724 LBA aged 11-18 years recruited from Chongqing City and Sichuan Province, China (Mage = 15.41, SD = 1.63 years, 46.2 % female).

Interpersonal relationships of LBA were conceptualized as father-child, mother-child, teacher-student, and student-student relationships.

LPA identified four profiles: low school-low family relationships (6.4 %, profile 1), high school-medium family relationships (21.4 %, profile 2), medium school-medium family relationships (56.2 %, profile 3), and high school-high family relationships (15.9 %, profile 4). These four profiles significantly differed in the four IRs. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) revealed that positive (i.e., life satisfaction, self-esteem, social adaption, and psychological suzhi) and negative mental health indicators (i.e., anxiety, depression, aggressive behavior, Internet addiction, and school bullying) varied across the four profiles. The psychological health of LBA differed according to their IRs. Profile 4 exhibited higher levels of positive psychological health and lower levels of negative psychological health compared to all other types of LBA. Importantly, profile 2 had fewer negative mental health than profile 1 and profile 3.

These findings elucidate the heterogeneous typologies of IRs in LBA and underscore the crucial role of school and family relationships in promoting the mental health of LBA. Therefore, strengthening both school and family IRs may reduce the prevalence of negative psychological health among LBA.

This Research explores the intermediary function of academic stress and sleep quality in the connection between physical exercise and subjective well-being among high school students.

This Research conducted an online survey through random sampling with a sample of 540 (males = 310, females = 217; grade 10 = 159, grade 11 = 190, grade 12 = 178) high school students to explore the intermediary function of academic stress and sleep quality between physical exercise and subjective well-being. The participants were surveyed using PSQI, the Subjective Well-Being Scale, the ESSA, and PSQI. SPSS Statistics 26 was used to conduct reliability and validity tests, descriptive statistics, and correlation analysis. Mediation analysis was conducted utilizing Model 6 from the PROCESS 4.0 plugin.

(1) Physical exercise shows a significant positive correlation with subjective well-being, and the direct impact of physical exercise on subjective well-being is also significant. (2) Physical exercise adversely affects academic stress and positively influences sleep quality. Academic stress negatively impacts sleep quality and subjective well-being, while sleep quality positively influences subjective well-being. (3) Academic stress and sleep quality serve as significant mediators between physical exercise and subjective well-being. The mediation effect encompasses two indirect paths: In one aspect, physical exercise has an indirect impact on subjective well-being through its influence on academic stress; in another aspect, physical exercise indirectly affects subjective well-being via the chain mediation effects of academic stress and sleep quality.

Physical exercise can directly influence the subjective well-being of high school students. Additionally, physical exercise can indirectly impact their subjective well-being through academic stress, and it can also indirectly influence their subjective well-being through the chain mediation effect of academic stress and sleep quality. Based on these findings, it is recommended that schools provide more opportunities for physical exercise, integrated with psychological counseling and sleep management, to help students effectively alleviate academic stress, thereby enhancing their overall well-being.

Sleep problems positively predict loneliness to a large extent, which would harm adolescent health. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism. This research investigates the potential mediating roles of rumination and resilience in the relation among adolescents and further examines the changing relationships. In Study 1, 1056 adolescents from two schools completed self-reported measures of sleep problems, loneliness, rumination, and resilience. We found that sleep problems were positively associated with loneliness, and that rumination and resilience mediated this relationship, both individually and sequentially. To examine the varying relationship between rumination, resilience, and loneliness, Study 2 adopted the cross-lagged design in a long-term longitudinal study of 131 students and found that rumination and resilience at T1 significantly predict loneliness at T2. To further directly explore the changing relationship between sleep problems and loneliness, we performed a short-term longitudinal study across 7 weeks of 242 adolescents in Study 3. The results replicated the findings of Study 2 and found sleep problems at T1 positively predicted loneliness at T2. These results underscore the significance of sleep problems in contributing to loneliness through mediating mechanisms and unveil the possible causal relationships, offering robust insights to alleviate adolescent loneliness.

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has had an ongoing impact on the public's mental health that requires long-term attention. Exploring the relationship between mental health indicators would aid in identifying solutions to improve public mental health.

To investigate the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and insomnia and explore the relationship among neuroticism, cognitive failures, and mental health.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in December 2023 using an online platform to recruit adult participants. The neuroticism, subjective cognitive function, and mental health of the participants were assessed using the neuroticism subscale of the Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory Brief Version, cognitive failures questionnaire, generalized anxiety disorder-7, patient health questionnaire-9, and insomnia severity index. Pearson's correlation analysis, independent samples t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, and structural equation model were used to examine the relationship between mental health indicators.

A total of 1011 valid questionnaires were collected, of which 343 were completed by male (33.93%) respondents and 668 were completed by female (66.07%) respondents. The rates of anxiety, depression, and insomnia were 41.3%, 44.6%, and 36.3%, respectively, most cases of which were mild. Among the mental health indicators, there were significant differences by age and between those with siblings and those who were only children. Neuroticism and cognitive failures were significantly positively correlated with mental health indicators. Further moderated mediation analysis showed that cognitive failures mediated the relationship between insomnia and anxiety and between insomnia and depression, with neuroticism moderating the first half of this pathway and the effect being greater in the low-neuroticism group.

Cognitive failures and neuroticism play important roles in mental health. Therefore, enhancing subjective cognitive function and regulating emotional stability may contribute to the improvement of mental health.

This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence rate of perceived gender discrimination and its associations with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts, as well as the mediating roles of depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms in Chinese adolescents. From October 2021 to March 2022, we adopted a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method to recruit students from grades 7-12 in China. A total of 79,211 adolescents aged 10-19 years from eight provinces completed the survey with valid data for the current study. Data were weighted to adjust for unequal probabilities of selection and differential response as well as to post-stratify the sample to match the population distribution. The weighted prevalence rate of perceived gender discrimination was 3.5% in Chinese adolescents, with girls having a higher prevalence rate than boys (5.5% vs.1.7%; P-value < 0.001). In the full-adjusted model, perceived gender discrimination was associated with a higher likelihood of suicidal ideation (OR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.93-2.42) and suicide attempts (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.39-1.88). Mediation analyses showed that depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms significantly mediated 39.5% and 5.7% of the association between perceived gender discrimination and suicidal ideation, respectively, and depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms significantly mediated 54.3% and 7.0% of the association between perceived gender discrimination and suicide attempts, respectively. These findings suggest the need for targeted interventions to reduce gender discrimination against adolescents, especially girls, which might help prevent their suicidal behaviors and mental health problems.

Depression is a common and debilitating psychiatric disorder worldwide. Recognizing the relationships between depression-related factors can play a significant role in depression management. However, no study has yet used path analysis to examine the mediating role of physical activity, morning wake-up time, and sleep-inducing medication in the relationship between age and depression.

This path analysis study utilized data from the baseline phase of the Ravansar non-communicable disease cohort study. This study was conducted on people aged 35 to 65 years using sociodemographic, clinical, and the PERSIAN cohort's standard physical activity questionnaires. These analyses were done using SPSS (version 22) and MPLUS (version 8.3). Path analysis was applied to evaluate the direct, indirect, and total effects of age on depression.

The results indicated that increasing age was associated with an increase in depression through a decrease in physical activity and an increase in sleep-inducing medication use. In addition, an increase in age was significantly related to a reduced incidence of depression via an earlier morning wake-up time.

We found evidence for a mediational effect of age on depression, as the biopsychosocial model of mental illness implies. The findings of this study can add to the existing body of knowledge on depression management and help clarify the mechanisms of the effect of age on depression.

Cardiovascular health is a crucial aspect of overall health. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic based on the Life's Essential 8 domains.

PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were systematically searched until 24 February 2023. Studies had to meet the following criteria: (1) observational studies, (2) studies reporting proportion of selected risk factors, (3) studies involving children or adolescents, (4) studies that collected data during the COVID-19 pandemic and (5) studies with representative samples. The outcomes included were diet, physical activity, nicotine exposure, sleep health, obesity, dyslipidaemia, diabetes and elevated blood pressure.

Sixty-two studies with 1 526 173 participants from 42 countries were included. Of these, 41 studies were used in the meta-analyses. The overall pooled prevalence of risk factors in the behavioural domain was as follows: poor quality diet 26.69% (95% CI 0.00%-85.64%), inadequate physical activity 70.81% (95% CI 64.41%-76.83%), nicotine exposure 9.24% (95% CI 5.53%-13.77%) and sleep disorders 33.49% (95% CI 25.24%-42.28%). The overall pooled prevalence of risk factors in the health domain was as follows: obesity 16.21% (95% CI 12.71%-20.04%), dyslipidaemia 1.87% (95% CI 1.73%-2.01%), diabetes 1.17% (95% CI 0.83%-1.58%) and elevated blood pressure 11.87% (95% CI 0.26%-36.50%).

These results highlight the need for prevention strategies to maintain better cardiovascular health from an early age, particularly by increasing physical activity levels, sleep time and promoting the consumption of more fruits and vegetables.

Suicide among college students is a challenging problem globally. Yet, the association between sleep quality, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation remains unclear. This study aims to understand if depressive symptoms mediate the relationship between sleep quality and suicide ideation and whether the interaction between depressive symptoms and sleep quality on suicidal ideation is additive. A total of 1182 college students were recruited, and sleep quality, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation were assessed using questionnaires. Univariate analysis, logistic regression analysis, linear regression models, and the Sobel test were performed. The results showed that, among college students, poor sleep quality was positively associated with suicidal ideation, and the association was mediated through depressive symptoms. Moreover, there was a significant additive interaction between poor sleep quality and depressive symptoms on suicidal ideation. These findings suggest that, in the process of preventing and treating suicidal ideation in college students with sleep disorders, we should focus on the evaluation and intervention of depressive symptoms and adopt multidisciplinary team interventions for college students with sleep disorders and depression.

Although pre-treatment assessments of the capacity for the psychotherapy process can aid in identifying patients experiencing great difficulties in therapy and in tailoring therapies for individual patients, limited information exists for adolescents. To address this gap, this study followed the World Health Organization's age standards for adolescents (younger adolescents aged 10-14 years; older adolescents aged 15-19 years), examined the psychometric properties of the Capacity for Psychotherapy Process Scale (CFPPS; mainly used for adult patients) in these two groups of adolescents, and compared their capacities for the psychotherapy process. The participants were 434 younger adolescent (mean age = 13.00 ± 1.08 years; 70.0% female) and 883 older adolescent outpatients (mean age = 16.68 ± 1.29 years; 62.3% female) at the department of psychiatry of the hospital in Guangzhou, China. The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses validated the 5-factor model (motivation, belief, self-revelation, persistence, and insight) in both groups. The scale also demonstrated good internal consistency. Furthermore, the CFPPS exhibited small or no associations with pre-treatment sleep problems, depression symptoms, or anxiety symptoms but was a significant predictor of working alliance and psychological benefit in therapy. The capacity for the psychotherapy process among younger adolescents was lower than that among older adolescents. The CFPPS appears to be a reliable and validated instrument for measuring the capacity for the psychotherapy process among adolescent outpatients in China. Therapists should provide therapy tailored to the Chinese adolescents' capacity. Future studies are needed to examine the predictive utility of the CFPPS for the whole sessions of the psychotherapy.

As the main force and practice subject of rural revitalisation, farmers' health is intricately linked to agricultural production and the rural economy. This study utilizes open data from the 2015 China Nutrition and Health Survey and employs the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) method to explore the factors influencing farmers' self-assessment of health. The findings reveal that education level, proactive nutrition knowledge seeking, healthy dietary preferences and habits, and the use of clean cooking fuel positively impact farmers' health self-assessment. Conversely, age, history of illness or injury, and participation in medical insurance negatively affect their self-assessment. Furthermore, factors influencing farmers' health self-assessment exhibit heterogeneity across regions. Our findings suggest that promoting health education, disseminating nutritional dietary knowledge, and enhancing rural household infrastructure play an important role in improving farmers' self-evaluation of health. Therefore, policymakers should design more targeted health interventions and infrastructure improvement plans based on farmers' self-assessment of health and the level of regional economic development.

To ascertain the prevalence and associated factors of anxiety symptoms among middle and high school students in Zhejiang after 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic.

A school-based cross-sectional study.

30 counties/districts in Zhejiang Province, China.

27 019 students attending middle and high schools.

Anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7). A total score of 10 or more is considered indicative of anxiety symptoms.

The overall prevalence (95% CI) of anxiety symptoms was 14.2% (13.4 to 15.0), higher among girls (18.6%, 95% CI: 17.5 to 19.7) than boys (10.2%, 95% CI: 9.5 to 10.9) (p<0.001), higher among rural students (15.1%, 95% CI: 14.1 to 16.2) than urban students (12.5%, 95% CI: 11.6 to 13.4) (p<0.001). Older age (14-15 years, OR=1.25, 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.44; ≥16 years, OR=1.32, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.63), being girls (OR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.58 to 1.96), living in rural areas (OR=1.14, 95%CI: 1.01 to 1.29), poor academic performance (OR=1.20, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.41), alcohol drinking (OR=1.15, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.30), inadequate fruits (OR=1.31, 95% CI: 1.19 to 1.45) and vegetables intake (OR=1.32, 95% CI: 1.10 to 1.57), insomnia (sometimes, OR=2.14, 95% CI: 1.93 to 2.38; often/always, OR=4.73, 95% CI: 4.03 to 5.56), loneliness (sometimes, OR=2.97, 95%CI: 2.59 to 3.41; often/always, OR=8.35, 95% CI: 7.20 to 9.69), sadness (OR=2.51, 95% CI: 2.25 to 2.79) and physical fight (OR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.13 to 1.48) were positively associated with anxiety symptoms, while studying at vocational high school (OR=0.61, 95% CI: 0.49 to 0.75), coming from family with middle income (OR=0.76, 95% CI: 0.64 to 0.89), being physically active 3-7 days weekly (OR=0.85, 95% CI: 0.75 to 0.95) were negatively associated with anxiety symptoms.

Anxiety symptoms prevailed among middle and high school students in China. A variety of factors, containing sociodemographic factors, lifestyle behaviours, mental health, academic performance and physical fight should be taken in consideration in addressing prevention and intervention of anxiety symptoms.

The COVID-19 pandemic and protracted home confinement required adjustments to schedules and routines generating concern about children's sleep. This review describes general considerations regarding children's sleep, changes and disturbances in their sleep during the pandemic, and the association of sleep measures with health and psychological outcomes in general and in the context of the pandemic.

A number of studies found an increase in the duration of children's sleep with later bedtimes and waketimes for some children. The research also documented sleep disturbances and associations between children's sleep and psychological outcomes. The extent to which increased sleep duration and changed sleep behaviors translated into improved sleep quality and/or a change in sleep disturbances remains unclear. This review suggests the importance of considering children's sleep in other mass trauma situations including, for example, natural and man-made disasters, as well as pandemics.

The purpose of this review is to identify prevalent trends and risk factors in depression, anxiety, and eating disorders in the adolescent population in the post coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) scenario. We examined the literature published on adolescent mental health since the COVID-19 pandemic. We chose to summarize studies published from 2019 to 2022, using bibliographic search tools. We developed criteria for selecting articles for our review using diagnostic indicators and keywords. Mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety and eating disorders are commonly prevalent in this population and have shown increasing rates in the past three years. Some risk factors associated with these diagnoses include reduction in social interaction, increased workloads, routine shifts, sleep quality, social media usage and parental involvement. Routines, sleep cycles, physical activity, and social media should all be considered as a part of prevention in this population. Approaches that seem to be successful include maintaining social ties and avoiding negative social media usage with harmful content. Increased global public awareness, as well as parental awareness, through media campaigns, is critical to slowing the spread of mental health challenges in adolescents and teenagers in the post-COVID-19 era.

There is a growing body of high-quality cohort-based research that has examined changes in child and adolescent mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic vs before the pandemic. Some studies have found that child and adolescent depression and anxiety symptoms have increased, while others have found these symptoms to have remained stable or decreased.

To synthesize the available longitudinal cohort-based research evidence to estimate the direction and magnitude of changes in depression and anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents assessed before and during the pandemic.

Medline, Embase, and PsycInfo were searched for studies published between January 1, 2020, and May 17, 2022.

Included studies reported on depression and/or anxiety symptoms, had cohort data comparing prepandemic to pandemic estimates, included a sample of children and/or adolescents younger than 19 years, and were published in English in a peer-reviewed journal.

In total, 53 longitudinal cohort studies from 12 countries with 87 study estimates representing 40 807 children and adolescents were included.

Standardized mean changes (SMC) in depression and anxiety symptoms from before to during the pandemic.

The analysis included 40 807 children and adolescents represented in pre-COVID-19 studies and 33 682 represented in during-COVID-19 studies. There was good evidence of an increase in depression symptoms (SMC, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.33). Changes in depression symptoms were most conclusive for study estimates among female individuals (SMC, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.42), study estimates with mid to high income (SMC, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.63), and study estimates sourced from North America (SMC, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.36) and Europe (SMC, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.17 to 0.53). There was strong evidence that anxiety symptoms increased slightly during the pandemic (SMC, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.16), and there was some evidence of an increase in study estimates with mid to high income.

This systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies including children and adolescents found an increase in depression symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly among female individuals and those from relatively higher-income backgrounds.

The high volume and pace of research has posed challenges to researchers, policymakers and practitioners wanting to understand the overall impact of the pandemic on children and young people's mental health. We aimed to search for and review the evidence from epidemiological studies to answer the question: how has mental health changed in the general population of children and young people?

Four databases (Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE and PsychINFO) were searched in October 2021, with searches updated in February 2022. We aimed to identify studies of children or adolescents with a mean age of 18 years or younger at baseline, that reported change on a validated mental health measure from prepandemic to during the pandemic. Abstracts and full texts were double-screened against inclusion criteria and quality assessed using a risk of bias tool. Studies were narratively synthesised, and meta-analyses were performed where studies were sufficiently similar.

6917 records were identified, and 51 studies included in the review. Only four studies had a rating of high quality. Studies were highly diverse in terms of design, setting, timing in relation to the pandemic, population, length of follow-up and choice of measure. Methodological heterogeneity limited the potential to conduct meta-analyses across studies. Whilst the evidence suggested a slight deterioration on some measures, overall, the findings were mixed, with no clear pattern emerging.

Our findings highlight the need for a more harmonised approach to research in this field. Despite the sometimes-inconsistent results of our included studies, the evidence supports existing concerns about the impact of Covid-19 on children's mental health and on services for this group, given that even small changes can have a significant impact on provision at population level. Children and young people must be prioritised in pandemic recovery, and explicitly considered in planning for any future pandemic response.

Sleep changes significantly throughout the human lifespan. Physiological modifications in sleep regulation, in common with many mammals (especially in the circadian rhythms), predispose adolescents to sleep loss until early adulthood. Adolescents are one-sixth of all human beings and are at high risk for mental diseases (particularly mood disorders) and self-injury. This has been attributed to the incredible number of changes occurring in a limited time window that encompasses rapid biological and psychosocial modifications, which predispose teens to at-risk behaviors. Adolescents' sleep patterns have been investigated as a biunivocal cause for potential damaging conditions, in which insufficient sleep may be both a cause and a consequence of mental health problems. The recent COVID-19 pandemic in particular has made a detrimental contribution to many adolescents' mental health and sleep quality. In this review, we aim to summarize the knowledge in the field and to explore implications for adolescents' (and future adults') mental and physical health, as well as to outline potential strategies of prevention.

The available literature demonstrates that COVID-19 fear (CV-19 F) may increase depressive symptoms in adolescents. However, few studies have explored the underlying mechanisms of this relationship. This study aimed to understand the role of anxiety and sleep quality in the association between CV-19 F and depression in Vietnamese adolescents. A sample of 685 adolescents, ages 15 to 19 (mean = 16.09, SD = 0.860), was recruited to participate in the study. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale were completed by participants. Results indicated that the link between CV-19 F and depression was fully mediated by anxiety. Furthermore, this indirect relationship was moderated by sleep quality. Our findings provided new insights into the link between CV-19 F and depression as well as highlighted the potential value of reducing anxiety and improving sleep quality in the prevention of depression in adolescents with high levels of CV-19 F.

Poor sleepers have a higher prevalence of mental health problems, and vice versa. However, the mechanisms underlying this association remain unknown. We aimed to examine the bidirectional association between sleep quality and mental health, and further explore the moderating effects of PER3 gene DNA methylation on the association.

This prospective longitudinal study was conducted from April 2019 to May 2021, integrated questionnaire and blood sample data from 2 universities in Anhui and Jiangxi Provinces. The current study recruited 1179 young adults at baseline and conducted the follow-up survey among 1135 half a year later. The sleep quality and depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and stress symptoms were assessed using a questionnaire at baseline and follow-up. Blood samples were collected at baseline, and MethyTarget™ was used to detect the PER3 gene DNA methylation level. A cross-lag model was used to examine the bidirectional association between sleep quality and mental health. The PROCESS plug-in of SPSS software was used to analyse the moderating effects of PER3 gene DNA methylation.

Cross-lagged analyses suggested a significant bidirectional relationship between poor sleep quality and depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and stress symptoms. Sleep quality at baseline was a significant predictor of depressive symptoms (β = 0.344, P < 0.001), anxiety symptoms (β = 0.348, P < 0.001), and stress symptoms (β = 0.324, P < 0.001) half a year later. Depressive symptoms (β = 0.049, P < 0.001), anxiety symptoms (β = 0.055, P < 0.001), and stress symptoms (β = 0.063, P < 0.001) at baseline were also significant predictors of poor sleep quality half a year later. Furthermore, PER3 gene DNA methylation has negative moderating effects between sleep quality at baseline and depressive symptoms (β = -11.706, P = 0.012), anxiety symptoms (β = -10.289, P = 0.019), and stress symptoms (β = -10.799, P = 0.024) half a year later and a sex difference. Among boys, PER3 gene DNA methylation has positive moderating effects between anxiety symptoms at baseline and sleep quality (β = 3.337, P = 0.018) half a year later. However, there was no association between mental health at baseline and sleep quality half a year later among girls.

Bidirectional relationships were identified between sleep quality and mental health among Chinese young adults during the study period. DNA methylation evidence supports a negative moderating effect of PER3 gene DNA methylation on the relationship between sleep quality at baseline and mental health half a year later and had sex differences. Among boys, PER3 gene DNA methylation had positive moderating effects between anxiety symptoms at baseline and sleep quality half a year later. These findings point to the importance of circadian clock gene DNA methylation in the relationship between sleep quality and mental health.

Based on the theoretical model for the "stress-sleep" relationship, this study investigated the impact of parental phubbing on adolescent sleep quality problems and a moderated mediation mechanism.

A total of 781 adolescents was surveyed using the Chinese version of Parental Phubbing Scale, the Ultra-brief Screening Scale for Depression and Anxiety Scale, the Self-Control Questionnaire for Chinese children, and the Chinese version of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Scale.

Parental phubbing and negative emotions were significantly and positively correlated to sleep quality problems, but self-control was not correlated to sleep quality problems. Parental phubbing directly influenced sleep quality problems and also indirectly influenced sleep quality problems through the mediating effect of negative emotions. Moreover, self-control played a moderating role in the path of parental phubbing affecting negative emotions. That is, the effect was more significant for adolescents low in self-control relative to those high in self-control.

Parental phubbing is a risk factor for adolescent sleep quality problems. This study is the first to demonstrate empirical evidence for the relationship between parental phubbing and sleep quality problems.

The COVID-19 pandemic and its accompanying infection control measures introduced sudden and significant disruptions to the lives of children and adolescents around the world. Given the potential for negative impacts on the mental health of youths as a result of these changes, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and sleep disturbances in children and adolescents during the pandemic. We searched major literature databases for relevant cross-sectional or longitudinal studies that included primary and secondary school students or children and adolescents ≤18 years of age. Prevalence values were extracted, logit-transformed, and pooled. Based on 191 included studies with 1,389,447 children and adolescents, we found the pooled prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and sleep disturbances to be 31%, 31%, and 42%, respectively. Age, grade levels, education levels, gender, geographical regions, and electronics use were correlated with the prevalence of mental health symptoms. The prevalence of mental health symptoms also increased with time, although signs of recovery and stabilization were also observed. Overall, the results from this review demonstrate the need for increased mental health research, monitoring, and intervention for children and adolescents during the current and future pandemics.

In humans and animals, exposure to changes in internal or external environments causes acute stress, which changes sleep and enhances neurochemical, neuroendocrine, and sympathetic activities. Repeated stress responses play an essential role in the pathogenesis of psychiatric diseases and sleep disorders. However, the underlying mechanism of sleep changes and anxiety disorders in response to acute stress is not well established. In the current study, the effects of restraint stress (RS) on anxiety and sleep-wake cycles in mice were investigated. We found that after RS, the mice showed anxiety-like behavior after RS manipulation and increased the amounts of both non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in the dark period. The increase in sleep time was mainly due to the increased number of episodes of NREM and REM sleep during the dark period. In addition, the mice showed an elevation of the EEG power spectrum of both NREM and REM sleep 2 h after RS manipulation. There was a significant reduction in the EEG power spectrum of both NREM and REM sleep during the darkperiod in the RS condition. The expression of the c-Fos protein was significantly increased in the parabrachial nucleus, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, central amygdala, and paraventricular hypothalamus by RS manipulation. Altogether, the findings from the present study indicated that neural circuits from the parabrachial nucleus might regulate anxiety and sleep responses to acute stress, and suggest a potential therapeutic target for RS induced anxiety and sleep alterations.

Physical activity, sleep is an important component of adolescents' 24-h movement behavior, and life satisfaction predicts adolescent physical and mental health. However, few studies have explored the relationship between the two variables among Chinese high school students. Consequently, this study aimed to explore the relationship between sleep quality and life satisfaction among Chinese high school students.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in October 2020 in five high schools in Xuchang City, China. High school students from senior 1 to senior 3 were asked to fill up a questionnaire of demographic characteristics and validated screen instructions for sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) and life satisfaction (Satisfaction with Life Scale). The multivariate regression model was applied to explore the association between sleep quality and life satisfaction.

A total of 1127 individuals (51.1% males) participated in this survey, and the prevalence of poor sleep quality was 42.3%. The mean score on the Satisfaction with Life Scale was 16.72 ± 5.67, according to the corresponding scoring criteria, with 15-19 being generally dissatisfied. After controlling for demographic variables, the contribution of subjective sleep quality (β = - 0.181, p < 0.01), sleep duration (β = - 0.080, p < 0.01) and daytime dysfunction (β = - 0.311, p < 0.01) to life satisfaction of high school students increased to 23.2%, indicating that subjective sleep quality, sleep duration, and daytime dysfunction were 22.9% predictive of life satisfaction among high school students. And also, physical activity on schooldays and weekend days were associated with better sleep quality and higher life satisfaction (p < 0.05).

Among Chinese high school students, the prevalence of sleep problems was high, and the majority of students held moderate life satisfaction. Sleep quality was positively correlated with life satisfaction among Chinese high school students, with better sleep quality resulting in higher life satisfaction among students.

The COVID-19 pandemic had a major impact on people of all ages. Adolescents' exposure to online learning is linked to excessive screen time on digital devices, which leads to poor sleep quality. This study aimed to investigate the association between screen time on different electronic devices and sleep quality among adolescents in the United Arab Emirates. This study was based on a self-reported questionnaire, which was administered online to school-aged adolescents (aged 12-19 years). The multicomponent questionnaire collected information on sociodemographic characteristics, sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and screen time (minutes) on TV, TV-connected devices, laptops, smartphones, and tablets on weekdays, weeknight, and weekends using the Screen Time Questionnaire (STQ). Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify factors correlated with poor sleep quality. A total of 1720 adolescents were recruited from private and public schools (mean age 14.6 ± 1.97 years). The mean PSQI score was 8.09 ± 3.37, and 74.3% of participants reported poor sleep (cutoff score >5). Mean scores were highest for the sleep latency (1.85 ± 0.97) and sleep disturbance (1.56 ± 0.62) domains. The highest STQ score was observed for smartphones, with a median screen time of 420 min on weekdays and 300 min on weekends. Screen time related to smartphones on weekends (p = 0.003) and increased screen time in bed (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with poor sleep. Our results confirmed the correlation between sleep and screen time in adolescents. The results may inform educational polices that target screen time and sleep among adolescents during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.