People with major depression are affected by impaired daily functioning and non-participation in the workforce. At the same time, employment has been associated with improved mental health outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between work re-entry and subsequent functioning and depressive symptoms.

The present observational study included a sample of 129 participants of a supported employment intervention project in Germany diagnosed with depressive disorders. Participants were assessed before the start of the intervention (baseline) and after two years (follow-up). Functioning and depressive symptom severity were measured using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2 (WHODAS 2.0) and the Beck's Depression Inventory II (BDI-II). After multiple imputation, linear regression analyses were conducted to analyze the relationship between work re-entry and follow-up functioning and symptom severity, controlling for baseline scores and age.

Work re-entry was significantly associated with better overall functioning (p =.002), cognitive functioning (p =.001) and community participation (p =.002), adjusted for baseline scores and age. A significant interaction effect (p =.001) suggested that the association between work re-entry and overall functioning at follow-up was stronger in older participants. After adjustment for baseline functioning and age, work re-entry was not significantly associated with self-care, social interaction and household responsibilities, while associations with mobility (p =.072) and symptom severity (p =.054) were marginally nonsignificant.

The results support the association between work re-entry and lower disability in people with depression who participated in supported employment. Certain functional domains, especially cognition and participation, may be more closely associated with becoming re-employed. The association between work-re-entry and overall functioning may be stronger in older individuals.

The data used for this study were collected as part of a clinical trial called "IPS-ZIB" which was prospectively registered with the German register for clinical trials on 12/14/2020 (DRKS; ID: DRKS00023521).

We set out to investigate the potential impact of unemployment on HIV viral load in individuals living with HIV at the biggest HIV-related healthcare centre in Chile. We analysed a cross-sectional dataset of 803 adults living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy. The main exposure was employment status. The outcome, detectable HIV viral load, was operationalised using a cut-off of HIV viral load at 20 copies/mL. We applied a propensity score method, the inverse probability of treatment weighting to control for measured confounders. We found that 219 (27.3%) of participants were unemployed. Being unemployed was associated with increased odds of being detectable (OR = 1.78, 95%CI = 1.18-2.71) compared to being employed. Additionally, we found that those unemployed and non-adherents have higher odds of being detectable (OR = 2.53, 95%CI = 1.18-5.41). Unemployment status may influence HIV viral load. However, further research is needed to determine and understand the social structure behind those relationships in the Chilean people living with HIV.

During the vulnerable transition to parenthood, (expectant) parents may be particularly susceptible to the negative effects of adverse working conditions. However, research on the influence of work-related factors on peripartum mental health issues is scarce. This study aims to enhance our understanding of work-related risk factors for the adjustment of parents in the transition to parenthood by investigating the role of prepartum precarious employment, abusive supervision, job insecurity, and job demand on postpartum mental health symptoms in first-time mothers and their partners.

In the prospective-longitudinal cohort study "DREAM", N = 1,259 mothers and N = 811 male and female partners were asked about their working conditions during pregnancy and their mental health 14 months postpartum. We conducted several hierarchical multiple regression analyses with prepartum precarious employment, abusive supervision, job insecurity, and job demand (the latter three in joint regression analyses) as predictors of postpartum symptoms of depression, somatization, obsessive-compulsiveness, anxiety, and anger/hostility. In Model 1 we controlled for sociodemographic variables, and in Model 2 we also controlled for pre-existing symptoms of the respective mental health variable during pregnancy. Separate analyses were calculated for mothers and partners, and each mental health outcome.

Multiple regression analyses revealed that prepartum precarious employment and abusive supervision predicted mothers' and partners' mental health symptoms 14 months postpartum even after controlling for pre-existing symptoms. Prepartum job insecurity and job demand also predicted mental health symptoms 14 months postpartum but were no longer significant predictors in most models after controlling for pre-existing mental health symptoms. There were only minor differences regarding the considered mental health outcomes and between mothers' and partners' results.

Our study demonstrates that adverse working conditions are important risk factors for the adjustment of parents in the transition to parenthood, requiring more attention from research and practice. Precarious employment and abusive supervision appear to be particularly important factors affecting new parents' mental health. Future research should investigate the mechanisms behind these variables, including comparisons between mothers and their partners, and the role of stress-related biomarkers. Additionally, developing screening methods for clinical use to facilitate targeted preventive interventions is essential.

The interactions between unemployment and mental health are complex. However, broad and current epidemiological data about the mental health status of unemployed individuals in Germany are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence rates of mental disorders and work ability among all unemployed people who underwent socio-medical assessment by the Federal Employment Agency (FEA).

Socio-medical assessments between 2016 and 2021 were taken from the FEA database and analyzed regarding sociodemographic characteristics, mental disorders and work ability. Standard descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data.

A total of 4,249,028 unemployed individuals were assessed. Of these, 2,213,048 persons (52.1%) had at least one psychiatric diagnosis (mean age 40.6 ± 13.5 years, 51.7% female). Mood disorders (53.9%), neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders (43.9%), as well as substance use disorders (15.3%) showed the highest prevalence rates among mental disorders and accounted for about 80% of all psychiatric diagnoses. About 40% of them were evaluated to be able to work full time.

Psychiatric morbidity among unemployed people is high. However, a significant proportion of them was assessed to be able to return to the labor market. Therefore, close collaborations between unemployment agencies and mental health care institutions as well as specific re-integration programs including supported job placement and vocational training, long-term job coaching as well as integrated mental health care are required in order to improve mental health status, prevent further chronification, avoid labor market exit, and increase employment rate.

Traumatic injuries, such as falling, car accidents, and crushing mostly cause spinal fractures in young and middle-aged people, and > 50% of them are thoracolumbar fractures. This kind of fracture is easily combined with serious injuries to peripheral nerves and soft tissues, which causes paralysis of the lower limbs if there is no timely rehabilitation treatment. Young patients with thoracolumbar fractures find it difficult to recover after the operation, and they are prone to depression, low self-esteem, and other negative emotions.

To investigate the association between anxiety, depression, and social stress in young patients with thoracolumbar spine fractures and the effect on rehabilitation outcomes.

This study retrospectively analyzed 100 patients admitted to the orthopedic department of Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University who underwent thoracolumbar spine fracture surgery from January 2022 to June 2023. The general data of the patients were assessed with the Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA), Hamilton depression scale (HAMD), life events scale, and social support rating scale (SSRS) to identify the correlation between anxiety, depression scores, and social stress and social support. The Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) was utilized to evaluate the rehabilitation outcomes of the patients and to analyze the effects of anxiety and depression scores on rehabilitation.

According to the scores of HAMD and HAMA in all patients, the prevalence of depression in patients was 39% (39/100), and the prevalence of anxiety was 49% (49/100). Patients were categorized into non-depression (n = 61) and depression (n = 39), non-anxiety (n = 51), and anxiety (n = 49) groups. Statistically significant differences in gender, occupation, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score, and monthly family income were observed between the non-depression and depression groups (P < 0.05). A significant difference in occupation and PSQI score was found between the non-anxiety and anxiety groups. Both depression (r = 0.207, P = 0.038) and anxiety scores (r = 0.473, P < 0.001) were significantly and positively correlated with negative life events. The difference in negative life event scores as well as SSRS total and item scores was statistically significant between patients in the non-depression and depression groups (P < 0.05). The difference between the non-anxiety and anxiety groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05) in the negative life event scores as well as the total SSRS scores. Additionally, JOA scores were significantly lower in both anxious and depressed patients.

Young patients with thoracolumbar fractures are prone to anxiety and depression. Patients' anxiety and depression are closely associated with social pressure, which reduces the life pressure of young patients with thoracolumbar fractures, enhances social support, and improves the psychology of anxiety and depression., which affects patients' recovery.

Organizational digitalization is a phenomenon that is becoming more widespread and holistic; that is responsible for more employees being affected by digital work and working from home. While introducing remote work offers numerous economic benefits for organizations, this transition must be aligned with employees' needs rather than in an authoritarian manner. Our research aimed to investigate how sub-factors of technostress, directly and indirectly, influence the satisfaction and desire to work from home.

We conducted a cross-sectional survey with a sample of 361 office workers with at least two years of experience who have spent some time working from home. We checked our hypotheses with a path model.

Our research found that techno-insecurity and techno-complexity have a minimal direct influence on the desire to work from home. However, the desire to work from home significantly decreases through various mediation pathways via the status sub-factor (which can be seen as one of the latent benefits of remote work) and through satisfaction with working from home. Our model explains 33.7% of the variance in the desire to work from home.

This suggests that leaders have a task of great significance: to decrease the technostress employees are exposed to and to draw the attention of researchers to the fact that technostress has more complex indirect effects than previously assumed.

Meaningful work is related to the motivation to continue to work in older ages and later retirement. This qualitative study addresses calls for further research on the meaning of working for older workers using the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis approach to explore in-depth the dimensions underlying the subjective experience of meaningful work among 27 nurses and nursing assistants aged 55-75 years. The findings show that work was perceived as a primary source of: (1) personal identity (2) purpose and contribution, (3) competence and accomplishment, (4) social contacts and belongingness, (5) activity, routines and purposeful use of time, and (6) economic security and freedom. These qualitative findings may be applied in interventions aiming to encourage extended working lives in key welfare occupations, which are facing significant staff shortages.

The annual cost of mental illnesses in Canada is estimated to be $50 billion. Research from other countries have suggested that employment status is associated with mental and physical health. Within the Canadian context, there is a dearth of research on the relationship between employment and mental health.

To explore the relationships between age, gender, income, and employment status on mental and physical health.

The 2021 Canadian Digital Health Survey dataset was used for this study. Data records, which included responses for the questions on age, gender, income, employment status, mental, and physical health, were used in the analysis. Ordinal logistics regression was applied to investigate the associations that may exist between mental and physical health with the various sociodemographic factors. Descriptive statistics were also provided for the data.

The total sample size included in the analysis was 10,630. When compared to respondents who had full-time employment, those who were unemployed were more likely to have lower self-perceived mental health (OR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.55-2.34). Retired respondents were less likely to have worse mental health than respondents who were employed full-time (OR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.68-0.90). Self-perceived physical health was more likely to be lower for those who were unemployed (OR: 1.74; 95% CI: 1.41-2.14) or retired (OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.12-1.48) when compared to respondents employed full-time. The likelihood of worsening mental and physical health was also found to be associated with age, gender, and income.

Our findings support the evidence that different factors contribute to worsening mental and physical health. Full-time employment may confer some protective effects or attributes leading to an increased likelihood of having improved mental health compared to those who are unemployed. Understanding the complex relationships on how various factors impact mental health will help better inform policymakers, clinicians, and other stakeholders on how to allocate its limited resources.

Previous studies have shown that being employed is associated not only with patients' health but also with the outcome of their treatment for severe mental illness. This study examined what influence employment had on improvements in mental health and functioning among patients with common mental disorders who received brief treatment and how patients' diagnosis, environmental and individual factors moderated the association between being employed and treatment outcome.

The study used naturalistic data from a cohort of patients in a large mental health franchise in the Netherlands. The data were obtained from electronic registration systems, intake questionnaires and Routine Outcome Monitoring (ROM). The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework was used to identify potential subgroups of patients. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the relationship between employment status and treatment outcome and to determine how the relationship differed among ICF subgroups of patients.

A strong relationship was found between employment status and the outcome of brief therapy for patients with common mental disorders. After potential confounding variables had been controlled, patients who were employed were 54% more likely to recover compared to unemployed patients. Two significant interactions were identified. Among patients who were 60 years of age or younger, being employed was positively related to recovery, but this relationship disappeared in patients older than 60 years. Second, among patients in all living situations there was a positive effect of being employed on recovery, but this effect did not occur among children (18+) who were living with a single parent.

Being employed was positively associated with treatment outcome among both people with a severe mental illness and those with a common mental disorder (CMD). The main strength of this study was its use of a large dataset from a nationwide franchised company. Attention to work is important not only for people with a severe mental illness, but also for people with a CMD. This means that in addition to re-integration methods that focus on people with a severe mental illness, more interventions are needed for people with a CMD.

Compared to the employed, the unemployed suffer from poorer health, especially in terms of mental health. At the same time, health promotion rarely reaches unemployed people. The "JOBS Program" is an intervention to promote health and labor market integration and has shown positive effects in the USA and Finland. In this confirmatory study, we investigated whether the JOBS Program achieves similar effects in Germany. We applied a randomized controlled trial to compare an intervention group (IVG) with a waiting control group (WCG) before (T0; N = 94) and shortly after (T1; n = 65) the intervention. Concerning our primary outcomes, the JOBS Program Germany was beneficial: Compared to the WCG, the regression estimated that the IVG had (1) a 2.736 scale point higher level of life satisfaction (p = 0.049), (2) a 0.337 scale point higher level of general health (p = 0.025), and (3) a 14.524 scale point higher level of mental well-being (p = 0.004). Although not statistically significant, job search-specific self-efficacy also appeared to be positively associated with the intervention. This study provides evidence of the effectiveness of JOBS Program on the abovementioned outcomes, including for older and long-term unemployed people, supporting the benefits of regular implementation of this program for a wide range of unemployed people in Germany.

The COVID-19 pandemic led to permanent and temporary job losses but the mental health consequences of different types of employment transitions are not well-understood. In particular, knowledge is scarce concerning furloughs, which was a common job protection strategy in many high- and upper middle-income countries during this crisis. This study focuses on how different types of job instability and job loss during the pandemic influences depression and anxiety in the context of Sweden. A subset of participants from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health were contacted in February 2021 and again in February 2022. A total of 1558 individuals participated in either or both waves and worked before the pandemic. We examined whether i) workplace downsizing, ii) furlough, or iii) unemployment/job loss were associated with depression and anxiety over this one-year period during the pandemic. Logistic regression models with cluster-robust standard errors were estimated, adjusting for sociodemographic factors and prior mental health problems. Effect modification by sex and prior mental health problems was also examined. In comparison to stable employment, being furloughed was unrelated to mental health, while experiencing workplace downsizing during the pandemic was associated with an increased risk of anxiety (adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.09, 95% Confidence interval (CI) = 1.08-4.05). Job loss/unemployment increased the risk of depression (OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.02-3.57) compared to being stably employed, but the risk estimate crossed unity when considering prior mental health status. No effect modification by sex or by prior mental health problems was found. This study found that while job loss and downsizing during the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with depression and anxiety, respectively, being furloughed was not. These findings thus suggest that job retention schemes in the form of short-time work allowances, as implemented in Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic, may prevent mental health problems among employees during economic crises.