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Sarac E, Yıldız E. Future anxiety and belongingness in young and older adults: An empirical study. World J Psychiatry 2025; 15:106227. [DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i6.106227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2025] [Revised: 03/24/2025] [Accepted: 04/23/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human beings, by nature, have many expectations that create a feeling of anxiety about the future, but they are endured and long-ranged. They expect to have relationships with others and need to perceive an emotional interest, an interpersonal bond, and sustainment to continue living. Perceiving this link is required for feelings of belongingness, which decreases future anxiety.
AIM To investigate the future anxiety and belongingness of young and older adults and determine their relationships.
METHODS The study was conducted with 404 volunteer participants. Data were collected using the demographic characteristics from the “Dark Future Scale” and “General Belongingness Scale”.
RESULTS The mean age of older adults was 66.76 ± 3.74, while that of younger adults was 36.72 ± 10.12. The average score for “future anxiety” was 18.81 ± 7.59, and for “general belongingness", it was 63.31 ± 1.40. Findings indicated a reverse correlation between future anxiety and belongingness. A significant difference in belonging scores was observed between young and older adults (P = 0.016, which is < 0.05), whereas no significant difference was found regarding future anxiety scores (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION Participants had a moderate level of “future anxiety” and higher “belongingness”. Lower belongingness scores correlated with increased future anxiety. Older adults reported a lower sense of belonging than younger individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Sarac
- General Directorate of Management Services/Private Nursing Care Center for the Elderly, Ministry of National Defense, Ankara 06000, Türkiye
| | - Esra Yıldız
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25000, Türkiye
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Kartol A, Üztemur S, Gökalp A. Exploring the complex relationships between earthquake obsession and mental well-being among earthquake survivors: Serial mediation and moderated mediation analysis. J Health Psychol 2025:13591053251341189. [PMID: 40417991 DOI: 10.1177/13591053251341189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2025] Open
Abstract
This study examined the relationships between earthquake obsession, psychological well-being, future anxiety, and hope in adults who experienced the earthquakes in southern Türkiye in 2023. The study sample consisted of 528 adults aged between 18 and 55 years. The results of the study showed that high earthquake obsession is associated with low mental well-being; however, high hope acts as a buffer in this relationship. At the same time, future anxiety mediates the relationship between earthquake preoccupation and mental well-being. In addition, we found that married individuals have more earthquake obsession and lower mental well-being than single individuals, and future anxiety has a more negative effect on well-being in single individuals. These findings will provide insights for mental health professionals to enhance well-being in intervention studies.
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Gerbeza M, Dąbek K, Lockinger K, Wilkens IM, Loarca-Rodriguez M, Grogan K, Beshai S. Beyond the Unitary: Direct, Moderated, and Mediated Associations of Mindfulness Facets with Mental Health Literacy and Treatment-Seeking Attitudes. Healthcare (Basel) 2025; 13:1201. [PMID: 40428037 PMCID: PMC12111802 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare13101201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2025] [Revised: 05/10/2025] [Accepted: 05/15/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Psychological disorders are prevalent and distressing. Early treatment initiation can prevent adverse outcomes and reduce healthcare system impacts. Improving mental health literacy (MHL)-one's knowledge regarding psychological disorders-and treatment-seeking attitudes (TSAs) is key in early treatment initiation. Examining the facets of dispositional mindfulness-the capacity to pay attention to present-moment experiences with acceptance-may offer more granular insights into understanding MHL and TSAs. This study examined (a) associations between mindfulness facets and MHL and TSAs, (b) facets' prediction of MHL and TSAs beyond demographics, (c) moderation of the MHL-TSA relationship by mindfulness facets, and (d) mediation of mindfulness-TSA relationships via general self-efficacy (GSE). METHODS A community sample of 299 adults was recruited online (TurkPrime) and completed demographic questions and self-report measures: Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire-15, Mental Health Literacy Scale, Mental Help-Seeking Attitudes Scale, and General Self-Efficacy Scale. RESULTS Describe, Non-Judgment, and Act with Awareness were modestly associated with MHL; all five facets correlated with TSAs. Hierarchical regressions controlling for demographics showed that Describe and Non-Reactivity predicted MHL, while Act with Awareness uniquely predicted TSAs. Non-Reactivity moderated the MHL-TSA relationship, with higher Non-Reactivity amplifying the relationship. GSE fully mediated relationships between Observe and Non-Judgment with TSAs, suggesting self-efficacy is a key mechanism of these facets. CONCLUSIONS Interventions cultivating Non-Reactivity, Describe, and Act with Awareness may improve the translation of mental health knowledge into treatment-seeking behaviors. Future research should explore how mindfulness facets independently and interactively foster early intervention and treatment engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matea Gerbeza
- Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada; (K.D.); (K.L.); (S.B.)
| | - Kelsy Dąbek
- Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada; (K.D.); (K.L.); (S.B.)
| | - Katelyn Lockinger
- Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada; (K.D.); (K.L.); (S.B.)
| | - Isabelle M. Wilkens
- Department of Psychological Science, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA; (I.M.W.); (K.G.)
| | - Mia Loarca-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychological Science, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA; (I.M.W.); (K.G.)
| | - Katimah Grogan
- Department of Psychological Science, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA; (I.M.W.); (K.G.)
| | - Shadi Beshai
- Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada; (K.D.); (K.L.); (S.B.)
- Department of Psychological Science, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA; (I.M.W.); (K.G.)
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Lanz M, Caliciuri R, Iafrate R, Regalia C, Rosnati R, Sorgente A. Covid-Related Stress in the Financial, Relational and Health Domains. Which Longitudinal Effects on Present and Future Perception? Psychol Rep 2025; 128:551-577. [PMID: 36872891 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231161790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
While pre-covid literature about stress has indicated the importance of studying domain-specific stress, studies conducted during the pandemic have investigated covid-related stress as a monodimensional construct. The current study aimed to assess the impact that covid-related stress in three domains (financial, relational, health) had on individuals' psychological well-being and future anxiety. Furthermore, we aimed to assess whether the relationship among variables changed during the different phases of the pandemic as well as whether age moderated those relationships. Data were collected from 4185 Italian participants (55.4% female) aged 18-90 years (M = 46.10; SD = 13.47) at three waves: April 2020 (time 1), July 2020 (time 2), May 2021 (time 3). A cross-lagged panel model was run in Mplus. Results indicated that the financial domain is the life domain within which people are most worried during the pandemic, as it had the strongest impact on both psychological well-being and future anxiety. Having high levels of psychological well-being at time t served as a protective factor, as it was negatively related to any kinds of stress as well as to future anxiety at time t+1. These relationships among variables were stable over the course of the pandemic. Finally, we found significant age differences in the mean level for all variables under investigation, where young adults were the group with the highest level of stress and future anxiety as well as the lowest level of psychological well-being. Despite these differences in the variables' level, the relationships between variables were invariant across age groups. Implications for researchers and practitioners are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Lanz
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
- Family Studies and Research University Centre, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
| | - Rossella Caliciuri
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
| | - Raffaella Iafrate
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
- Family Studies and Research University Centre, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
| | - Camillo Regalia
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
- Family Studies and Research University Centre, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
| | - Rosa Rosnati
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
- Family Studies and Research University Centre, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
| | - Angela Sorgente
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
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Bujnowska AM, Rodríguez C, García T, Areces D, Marsh NV. Sociodemographic factors and their predictive role in parents' future anxiety. PSICOLOGIA-REFLEXAO E CRITICA 2025; 38:5. [PMID: 40095279 PMCID: PMC11914435 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-025-00340-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2025] [Indexed: 03/19/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High levels of future anxiety in parents may not only affect their cognitive processes, and attitudes but also impact their parenting behaviour and relations with the children. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we aimed to identify the differences in the intensity of parents' future anxiety across demographic variables and to assess demographic predictors of FA. METHODS A group of 103 parents from Eastern Poland (71% mothers and 29% fathers) completed the Future Anxiety Scale. Their children were aged 3-16 years. The 10 aspects of Future Anxiety were compared across the five parent demographic variables of gender, age, level of education, place of living (rural vs. urban), and number of children. RESULTS The results show that parents' education level, gender, and the number of children in the family were predictors of FA. Parents' age and place of living did not significantly predict FA. Mothers reported significantly higher levels of anxiety than fathers, for both general future anxiety and helplessness. Parents who had only one child reported higher levels of helplessness. However, it was the parents' level of education that showed the greatest number of significant differences. Parents with only secondary education reported higher average scores on seven (70%) of the 10 aspects of future anxiety. The differences were significant for general future anxiety, health and wellbeing, restricted freedom, the meaning of life, pessimism, helplessness, and isolation. CONCLUSION These findings indicated the possible groups of parents who may need support and identified potential areas of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Bujnowska
- Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo (Spain), Plaza Feijoo, CP: 33003, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Celestino Rodríguez
- Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo (Spain), Plaza Feijoo, CP: 33003, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Trinidad García
- Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo (Spain), Plaza Feijoo, CP: 33003, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Débora Areces
- Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo (Spain), Plaza Feijoo, CP: 33003, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Nigel V Marsh
- Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University, Singapore, Singapore
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Tohan MM, Saha BR, Moon MI, Howlader MH, Rahman MA. Predictors of anxiety among women of reproductive age in Nepal: a comprehensive nationwide analysis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2025; 60:475-486. [PMID: 39520535 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-024-02791-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 10/27/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVE Anxiety poses a significant challenge for women of reproductive age globally, often leading to other mental health issues. However, research on anxiety prevalence among this demographic, particularly in Nepal, remains scarce. This study aims to fill this gap by identifying demographic, biological, and behavioral predictors of anxiety among reproductive-aged women in Nepal. METHOD Using data from the nationally representative Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2022, this study employed the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale to assess anxiety prevalence. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including one-way ANOVA and stepwise multiple regression, were utilized for identifying the potential predictors of anxiety. RESULT This study found that 22.2% of reproductive-aged women in Nepal experience moderate to severe anxiety. The stepwise multiple regression revealed seven most influential factors, with depression (mild, moderate, severe) being the most influential predictor of anxiety, explaining 51.8% of the variance (R square change = 0.518; Sig. =<0.001). Self-reported health status (R square change = 0.010; Sig.=<0.001), experienced emotional violence (R square change = 0.007; Sig.=<0.001), and pregnancy termination (R square change = 0.002; Sig.=0.001) accounted for 1.0%, 0.7%, and 0.2% of the variance in anxiety, respectively. Other significant predictors of anxiety included husband's alcohol consumption, genital discharge, and household wealth status. CONCLUSION Anxiety is substantially prevalent among reproductive-aged women in Nepal, with sociodemographic factors playing a crucial role. Further research is needed to develop targeted socioeconomic, and behavioral interventions aimed at addressing anxiety and its broader impact on daily life, thereby ensuring the mental well-being of women of reproductive age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bristi Rani Saha
- Development Studies Discipline, Social Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Mymuna Islam Moon
- Development Studies Discipline, Social Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Md Hasan Howlader
- Development Studies Discipline, Social Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ashfikur Rahman
- Development Studies Discipline, Social Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
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Lee JJ, Woo HD, Kim JH, Jung EJ, Lee K. Association of sarcopenia, ambient air pollution and cognitive function in a community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly Korean population: a community-based cohort study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e092448. [PMID: 39638595 PMCID: PMC11624758 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-092448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 10/17/2024] [Indexed: 12/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association of sarcopenia, exposure to medium-term to long-term ambient particulate matter 2.5 µm and 10 µm (PM2.5 and PM10) pollution and cognitive function in a community-dwelling cohort of middle-aged and older adults in South Korea. DESIGN A community-based prospective cohort study. SETTING In the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). PARTICIPANTS The participants were drawn from the seventh follow-up visit conducted between 2015 and 2016 in the KoGES community-based Ansung cohort who had participated in an ageing substudy. OUTCOME MEASURES Cognitive function was evaluated by the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) and decreased cognitive function was defined as a K-MMSE score of 23 or less. RESULTS Of the 2274 participants (mean age 70.1 years, 58.3% women and mean annual PM2.5 and PM10 levels of 30.7 and 52.2 μg/m3, respectively), 8.7% (n=197) were sarcopenic, 35.8% (n=814) were possible sarcopenic and 55.5% (n=1263) were non-sarcopenic. The predictors of sarcopenia included body mass index, cognitive function, age, marital status, hypertension and physical activity. Exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 for an average duration of 1 month to 3 years was not selected as a predictor of sarcopenia. Participants with sarcopenia were associated with lower cognitive scores (β=-1.51, p<0.0001) and decreased cognitive function compared with those without sarcopenia (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.56 to 3.52). Exposure to medium-term and long-term PM2.5 or PM10 was not associated with sarcopenia. The effect modification of PM exposure on the association between sarcopenia and cognitive function was generally not detected. CONCLUSIONS In this community-based observational cohort study of KoGES participants aged 50 years and older, sarcopenia was associated with decreased cognitive function. However, medium-term to long-term exposure to PM2.5 or PM10 was not associated with sarcopenia and did not modify the relationship between sarcopenia and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane J Lee
- Division of Population Health Research, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, The Republic of Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Dong Woo
- Division of Population Health Research, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, The Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Division of Population Health Research, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, The Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Jung
- Division of Population Health Research, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, The Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Lee
- Division of Population Health Research, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, The Republic of Korea
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Stewart SD, Manning WD, Gustafson KE, Kamp Dush C. Sexual and gender identities and alcohol use during the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0308925. [PMID: 39241086 PMCID: PMC11379183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/08/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examined differences in alcohol use by sexual and gender identities during the COVID-19 pandemic, and assessed whether variation between groups was explained by pandemic-related stressors and minority stress. Data from 2,429 partnered adults in the National Couples' Health and Time Use Study (n = 3,593) collected from September 2020 to April 2021 were used to model drinking patterns (frequency, amount, and drinking to cope) by sexual and gender identities, COVID-19 stress and disruption, microaggressions, and supportive climate. Regression models indicated differences in drinking by gender and sexual identities, even controlling for demographic and socioeconomic factors. Gay, lesbian, and bisexual people had higher odds of drinking to cope with the pandemic than did heterosexual people, and cisgender men had higher odds than did cisgender women. Gay and lesbian people drank more regularly than did heterosexual people, as did cisgender men in relation to cisgender women. Exclusively bisexual people drank significantly more drinks than exclusively heterosexual people, and cisgender men drank significantly more drinks than did cisgender women and those who identified as trans/another gender identity. COVID-19 stress and minority stress were associated with greater alcohol consumption, but they did not account for these differentials. Moving forward, researchers will need to continuously assess these associations, as sources of discrimination and stress will persist beyond the pandemic. Although LGBTQ+ people have disproportionate sources of stress, they varied in how they used alcohol to cope. Potential sources of resilience among sexual and gender diverse individuals should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan D. Stewart
- Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Wendy D. Manning
- Center for Family and Demographic Research and Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kristen E. Gustafson
- Center for Family and Demographic Research and Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Claire Kamp Dush
- Minnesota Population Center and Department of Sociology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
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Amanvermez Y, Karyotaki E, Cuijpers P, Ciharova M, Bruffaerts R, Kessler RC, Klein AM, Wiers RW, de Wit LM. Sources of stress among domestic and international students: a cross-sectional study of university students in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2024; 37:428-445. [PMID: 38047318 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2023.2280701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
High perceived stress is associated with psychological and academic difficulties among college students. In this study, we aimed to investigate associations of student status (international vs domestic student in the Netherlands) with eight common sources of stress (i.e., financial, health, love life, relationship with family, relationship with people at work/ school, the health of loved ones, other problems of loved ones, and life in general). Participants were 2,196 college students (domestic: n = 1,642, international: n = 554) from two universities in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were used to estimate associations of student status with all eight sources of stress. Student status was significantly associated with higher levels of perceived stress in almost all life domains. International student status was significantly associated with higher perceived stress in the domains of financial situation and health of loved ones after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and other sources of stress. Findings highlight that several differences exist in the magnitude of perceived stress in certain areas between international and domestic students in the Netherlands. Consequently, it is essential to uncover the different needs of college students and develop specific strategies to deliver the most suitable services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagmur Amanvermez
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Eirini Karyotaki
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marketa Ciharova
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ronny Bruffaerts
- Universitair Psychiatrisch Centrum - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (UPC-KUL), Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ronald C Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anke M Klein
- Developmental and Educational Psychology of the Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Reinout W Wiers
- Addiction, Development, and Psychopathology (ADAPT) Lab, Department of Psychology, and Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leonore M de Wit
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Maqsood A, Gul S, Noureen N, Yaswi A. Dynamics of Perceived Stress, Stress Appraisal, and Coping Strategies in an Evolving Educational Landscape. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:532. [PMID: 39062355 PMCID: PMC11274181 DOI: 10.3390/bs14070532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In the evolving landscape of education, college teachers often find themselves at the crossroads of myriad stressors, ranging from institutional demands to personal challenges. Understanding the factors that influence their stress perceptions and coping mechanisms is pivotal, not just for their well-being, but also for the overall quality of education imparted. This study sought to investigate the intricate relationships between gender, marital status, institutional affiliation, and their collective impacts on perceived stress, stress appraisal, and coping strategies among college teachers. A sample of 300 college teachers, evenly split with reference to gender, was engaged. Employing tools including Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Stress Appraisal Measure (SAM), and Brief COPE, the analysis of the study used independent samples t-test and Pearson Product Moment Correlation to derive insights. Findings revealed pronounced gender disparities in stress perception and appraisal, with women teachers manifesting heightened levels. Marital status emerged as a significant modulator of stress and coping, with married teachers depicting nuanced stress and its appraisal with reported coping strategies compared to their unmarried peers. Furthermore, a significant variance in perceived stress and coping was observed between teachers of private and governmental institutions, with private institution teachers displaying elevated stress levels. The study underscores the multifaceted nature of stress experiences among college teachers in Pakistan, influenced by a blend of personal and institutional determinants. These insights are pivotal for institutions aiming to enhance the well-being and effectiveness of their teachers. However, given the specific cultural context of the study, there is an imperative for more global, comparative research, ensuring holistic support mechanisms for teachers worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneela Maqsood
- National Centre for Research on Suicide Prevention, Department of Behavioral Science, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi 44000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Seema Gul
- General Studies Department, College of Humanities and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia; (S.G.); (A.Y.)
| | - Nazia Noureen
- Department of Psychology, Foundation University, Rawalpindi 44000, Punjab, Pakistan;
| | - Arooj Yaswi
- General Studies Department, College of Humanities and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia; (S.G.); (A.Y.)
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Pitcho S, Heller O, Chun Y, Schwartz-Tayri TM, Grinstein-Weiss M. Optimism in dire times: The buffering role of optimism in the relationship between food insecurity and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30385. [PMID: 38720755 PMCID: PMC11076958 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Considering the need to gain a deeper understanding of the protective factors associated with coping with food insecurity, specifically in times of severe prolonged stress, the current longitudinal study seeks to examine the role of optimism in the relationship between food insecurity and adverse mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. A three-wave longitudinal study involving 1921 Israeli adults was performed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants completed questionnaires assessing food insecurity, anxiety, depression, optimism, and socio-demographic characteristics. To explore the relationship between food insecurity and symptoms of anxiety and depression, as well as the moderating role of optimism in this relationship, we employed a set of panel regression models with individual fixed effects. Our results indicate that the degree and change in food insecurity over time were positively associated with both anxiety and depression symptoms, whereas the degree and change in optimism were negatively correlated. Optimism was found to moderate the association between food insecurity and anxiety symptoms over time, but not the association between food insecurity and depression symptoms. A subgroup analysis revealed that optimism moderated the relationship between food insecurity and anxiety and depression for women, but not for men; for married/coupled individuals but not for singles; for non-parents with regard to anxiety, and for parents with regard to depression. Our results highlight the need to practice and enhance optimism in times of great despair, uncertainty, and hardship, especially in situations of food insecurity where tangible change may take time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oren Heller
- Social Policy Institute (SPI) Washington University in St. Louis, USA
| | - Yung Chun
- Social Policy Institute (SPI) Washington University in St. Louis, USA
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Staff J, Vuolo M. Time-Varying Correlates of Adult Singlehood: Education, Work, Living Arrangements, and Mental Health. RESEARCH IN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 2024; 21:88-104. [PMID: 39555395 PMCID: PMC11566278 DOI: 10.1080/15427609.2024.2345543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2024]
Abstract
Research shows that single adults have lower educational attainment and are less likely to be employed than adults who are married or cohabiting. In addition, single adults are more likely to reside with parents and less likely to live with a child than partnered adults. Psychological well-being is also lower when individuals are single compared to when they are partnered, either through cohabitation or marriage. Using fixed-effects logistic regression models and ten waves of longitudinal data from the Youth Development Study (n=504 women and 421 men), we examine how changes in education, work, living arrangements (e.g., living with children, parents, and/or roommates), and mental health predict occasions in adulthood when respondents were single (i.e., not living with a spouse or cohabiting with an unmarried partner) from ages 21 to 38. Results show that the percentage of women who reported being single dropped from 82% to 35%, and for men, it declined from 87% to 32% from ages 21 to 38. For women and men, the odds of singlehood were higher when individuals were living with parents or living with roommates, net of age and time-stable unobserved factors. The odds were lower when living with children, as well as after earning a BA/BS degree. We observed some sex differences in these associations, as the odds of singlehood were lower when men worked full-time and when women were not attending school. In addition, singlehood was positively associated with depressive affect for women but not for men. Overall, the correlates shed light on the growing population of single US adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Staff
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, Pennsylvania State University
| | - Mike Vuolo
- Department of Sociology, The Ohio State University
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13
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Gesselman AN, Kaufman EM, Weeks LYS, Moscovici Z, Bennett-Brown M, Adams OR, Campbell JT, Piazza M, Bhuyan L, Dubé S, Hille JJ, Garcia JR. Exploring patterns in mental health treatment and interests of single adults in the United States: a secondary data analysis. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1292603. [PMID: 38711766 PMCID: PMC11073498 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1292603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study is to examine mental health treatment utilization and interest among the large and growing demographic of single adults in the United States, who face unique societal stressors and pressures that may contribute to their heightened need for mental healthcare. Method We analyzed data from 3,453 single adults, focusing on those with possible mental health treatment needs by excluding those with positive self-assessments. We assessed prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of mental health treatment, including psychotherapy and psychiatric medication use, and interest in attending psychotherapy among participants who had never attended. Results 26% were in mental health treatment; 17% were attending psychotherapy, 16% were taking psychiatric medications, and 7% were doing both. Further, 64% had never attended psychotherapy, of which 35% expressed interest in future attendance. There were differences in current psychotherapy attendance and psychiatric medication use by gender and sexual orientation, with women and gay/lesbian individuals more likely to engage in both forms of mental health treatment. Additionally, interest in future psychotherapy among those who had never attended varied significantly by age, gender, and race. Younger individuals, women, and Black/African-American participants showed higher likelihoods of interest in psychotherapy. Conclusion Our research highlights a critical gap in mental health treatment utilization among single adults who may be experiencing a need for those services. Despite a seemingly higher likelihood of engagement in mental health treatment compared to the general population, only a minority of single adults in our sample were utilizing mental health treatment. This underutilization and the observed demographic disparities in mental health treatment underscore the need for targeted outreach, personalized treatment plans, enhanced provider training, and policy advocacy to ensure equitable access to mental healthcare for single adults across sociodemographic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N. Gesselman
- Kinsey Institute, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Ellen M. Kaufman
- Kinsey Institute, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Lee Y. S. Weeks
- Kinsey Institute, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
- Department of Gender Studies, College of Arts and Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Zoe Moscovici
- Kinsey Institute, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
- Department of Gender Studies, College of Arts and Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Margaret Bennett-Brown
- Kinsey Institute, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
- Communication Studies, College of Media and Communications, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Olivia R. Adams
- Kinsey Institute, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
- Department of Gender, Sexuality, and Women’s Studies, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jessica T. Campbell
- Kinsey Institute, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Malia Piazza
- Kinsey Institute, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
- Department of Anthropology, College of Arts and Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Lucy Bhuyan
- Kinsey Institute, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
- Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology, School of Education, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Simon Dubé
- Kinsey Institute, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jessica J. Hille
- Kinsey Institute, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Justin R. Garcia
- Kinsey Institute, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
- Department of Gender Studies, College of Arts and Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
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14
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Liu P, Wu Q, Cheng Y, Zhuo Y, Li Z, Ye Q, Yang Q. Associations of illness perception and social support with fear of progression in young and middle-aged adults with digestive system cancer: A cross-sectional study. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2024; 70:102586. [PMID: 38657348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2024.102586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE While Fear of progression (FoP) is a natural reaction in cancer, elevated FoP can impact life quality and social function. Our study aims to explore how illness perception, social support, and posttraumatic growth influence patients' FoP. METHODS This study enrolled 243 young and middle-aged adults with digestive system cancer at a hospital in Guangzhou from November 2022 to November 2023. In this study, the measurement instruments utilized included The Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form, The Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, The 12-item Perceived Social Support Scale, and The 21-item Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. Data was analyzed employing polynomial regression and response surface analyses. RESULTS The mean score of FoP was 35.45 ± 10.05, and 59.3% of the cancers (scores≥34) had clinically dysfunctional levels of FoP. Regarding congruence, patients' FoP was higher when the levels of illness perception and social support were both low or high than when the levels were both intermediate. Regarding incongruence, patients' FoP was lower when the level of illness perception was low and social support was high compared with when the level of illness perception was high and social support was low. Additionally, posttraumatic growth moderated the (in)congruence effect of illness perception-social support on the FoP of patients. CONCLUSIONS Low or high illness perception-social support congruence was detrimental to the FoP of patients. Low illness perception-high social support incongruence was beneficial to patients' FoP. Posttraumatic growth can be a positive factor for enhancing the impact of low illness perception-high social support incongruence on patients' FoP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinyang Wu
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingying Cheng
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yishang Zhuo
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zihan Li
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiuyun Ye
- Tianhe Shipai Huashi Community Health Service Center, Guangdong, China.
| | - Qiaohong Yang
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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15
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Almutairi AF, Hamdan NA, Altheyabi S, Alsaeed EA, Alammari FS, BaniMustafa A. The Prevalence and Associated Factors of Occupational Stress in Healthcare Providers in Saudi Arabia. Int J Gen Med 2024; 17:809-816. [PMID: 38476624 PMCID: PMC10929258 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s446410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Occupational stress is a negative physical and emotional response to job requirements, which might be caused by various factors that can harm the emotional and physical well-being of the employee. We aimed to investigate the factors and conditions associated with occupational stress. Study Design The study was cross-sectional, conducted with the Perceived Stress Scale ten item version. Results The majority of the participants reported moderate stress 223 (71%) and a small proportion (n=38, 12.2%) a high stress level. Several factors associated with higher risk of stress level for example being single were associated with higher risk of stress level in 135 (74.6%), moderate and high stress level was also reported in the group without enough income, 96 (75%) and 20 (15.6%), respectively. Conclusion A group of sociodemographic factors were consistently associated with occupational stress, including gender, income, comorbidity and marital status. However, some factors remained complex and multifaceted. Recommendation It is important to focus on reducing stress levels for all employees, regardless of their work experience or income. To prevent losing control of the healthcare worker's stress and to prevent an escalation to anxiety or depression, stress-management programs are necessary, specifically for those who are experiencing high stress levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel F Almutairi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Saud Altheyabi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Faisal S Alammari
- College of Dentistry, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ala’a BaniMustafa
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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16
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de Oliveira FES, Júnior HM, Trezena S, da Silveira DMML, de Oliveira LKS, de Oliveira AGN, Fagundes MEV, Brito MFSF, Dias VO, Martelli DRB. Generalized anxiety disorder and associated factors in primary health care workers in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Work 2024; 77:687-696. [PMID: 37742686 DOI: 10.3233/wor-230160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic had direct and indirect impacts on public health, also affecting the mental health of the population. OBJECTIVE To analyze symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and associated factors, in primary health care (PHC) professionals. METHODS Cross-sectional and analytical study conducted with professionals who work in the Primary Health Care (PHC) of the Northern health macro-region of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Data collection was carried out through an online, self-administered questionnaire, made available from August 27, 2021, to October 30, 2021 using the Google Forms tool. The questionnaire included sociodemographic questions as well as questions related to the history of anxiety and work during the pandemic. To assess anxiety symptoms, the General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) instrument was used. Data treatment consisted of descriptive analysis of the variables, bivariate analysis followed by multivariate Poisson Regression with robust variance. RESULTS 702 health professionals participated in the study and the general prevalence of GAD was 32.2%. Current anxiety symptoms were self-reported by 37.6% of the participants. In the final model, the associated factors identified were: female sex (PR = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.17-2.84; p = 0.007), previous symptoms (PR = 1.58; 95% CI = 1.19-2.10; p = 0.002) and (PR = 2.68; 95% CI = 2.00-3.62; p < 0.001) current self-reported anxiety. CONCLUSION The results show the need to implement actions in mental health promotion and anxiety prevention, through the dissemination of information about mental health care, health education activities, encouraging the adoption of healthy habits and professional monitoring when necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hercilio Martelli Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Primary Health Care, State University of Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Brazil
| | - Samuel Trezena
- Postgraduate Program in Primary Health Care, State University of Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Verônica Oliveira Dias
- Postgraduate Program in Primary Health Care, State University of Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Brazil
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17
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Kumar A, Bartoli B, Lichand G, Wolf S. Sociodemographic predictors of depression and anxiety symptomatology among parents in rural Côte d'Ivoire. J Affect Disord 2023; 338:1-9. [PMID: 37245553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Côte d'Ivoire, cocoa farming is a widespread practice in rural households, an occupation with increased risks of depression and anxiety exacerbated by economic instability. We used the Goldberg-18 Depression and Anxiety diagnostic tool to identify predictors of depressive and anxiety symptomatology among a sample of parents in rural cocoa farming communities. METHODS In a cross-sectional survey, the Goldberg-18 was administered to Ivorian parents (N = 2471). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to confirm the factor structure of the assessment tool, and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression with clustered standard errors was used to identify sociodemographic predictors of symptomatology. RESULTS CFA showed adequate fit statistics for a two-factor model measuring depressive and anxiety symptoms. Among respondents, 87 % screened positive for requiring further referral for clinical diagnosis. Sociodemographic predictors of depressive and anxiety symptoms were similar for males and females. For the total sample, higher monthly income, more years of education, and belonging to the Mandinka ethnic group predicted fewer depressive and anxiety symptoms. In contrast, higher depressive and anxiety symptomatology were associated with age. Single marital status predicted increased anxiety but not depressive symptoms for the full sample model and the female only sample, but not the male sample. LIMITATIONS This is a cross-sectional study. CONCLUSIONS The Goldberg-18 measures distinct domains of depressive and anxiety symptoms in a rural Ivorian sample. Age and single marital status are predictors of increased symptoms. Higher monthly income, higher education, and certain ethnic affiliations are protective factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Kumar
- University of Pennsylvania, Graduate School of Education, United States of America.
| | | | | | - Sharon Wolf
- University of Pennsylvania, Graduate School of Education, United States of America
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18
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García MJ, Brooks CV, Ambriz D, Ekl EA, Smith NC, Maupomé G, Perry BL. Pandemic Precarity: COVID-19's Impact on Mexican and Central American Immigrant Families. JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY 2023; 85:1028-1046. [PMID: 38107207 PMCID: PMC10720736 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.12930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Objective The study examines the association of gender, parenthood, and marriage with reports of perceived pandemic precarity among Mexican and Central American immigrants during the COVID-19 pandemic (Fall 2020) to understand predictors of vulnerability in periods of crisis. Background Latinos/as, immigrants, parents, and women have faced significant challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. Family structure, along with social expectations for gender (i.e., self-sacrificing femininity for women and hegemonic masculinity for men), parenthood, and marriage may explain perceptions of pandemic precarity - defined as the material deprivation and economic anxiety resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Method This study used data from the Hispanic COVID-19 Rapid Response Study (n=400), a follow-up of the VidaSana Study of Mexican and Central American immigrants, to examine how family structure is associated with pandemic precarity (i.e., food, housing, and economic insecurity). Using linear regression models, average marginal effects (AMEs), and tests for group differences we investigate the independent and interactive effects of gender, parenthood, and marriage on pandemic precarity. Results Men and parents reported the highest pandemic precarity. Fathers reported higher pandemic precarity than mothers. For men, marriage is associated with greater precarity, and for women, marriage is associated with less precarity, yet marriage increased precarity for those without children. Conclusion We discuss the importance and implications of examining gender along with family structure to understand how immigrant families were faring in response to the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J García
- Department of Sociology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | | | - Denise Ambriz
- Assistant Professor of Sociology, Pitzer College, Claremont, California
| | - Emily A Ekl
- Department of Sociology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Nicholas C Smith
- Department of Sociology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Gerardo Maupomé
- Associate Dean of Research & Professor, Global Health, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Associate Director, Indiana University Community Health Partnerships, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Brea L Perry
- Associate Director, Irsay Institute for Sociomedical Sciences Research, Allen D. and Polly S. Grimshaw Professor, Department of Sociology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
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19
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Girme YU, Park Y, MacDonald G. Coping or Thriving? Reviewing Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, and Societal Factors Associated With Well-Being in Singlehood From a Within-Group Perspective. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2023; 18:1097-1120. [PMID: 36534959 PMCID: PMC10475216 DOI: 10.1177/17456916221136119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Singlehood, defined as not being in a romantic relationship, is becoming increasingly common worldwide. Despite this, research on singlehood has not received remotely equivalent research attention as romantic relationships. Well-being research that has explicitly included singles has focused on whether coupled versus single people are more satisfied with their lives. However, these between-group comparisons have not attended to within-group variability among singles that can point to when and for whom singlehood is associated with thriving. In this review, we document findings from the emerging field of singlehood studies to highlight what is and is not known about factors that are associated with the well-being of single individuals from a within-group perspective. Our review examines (a) intrapersonal factors (characteristics of the individual), (b) interpersonal experiences (qualities of one's social relationships and experiences), and (c) societal influences (features related to one's broader social or cultural context) related to well-being in singlehood. We conclude by offering future directions for the conceptualization of and research on singlehood with the goal of promoting a thorough and inclusive perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoobin Park
- Center for Health & Community, University of California, San Francisco
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20
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Lean RE, Gerstein ED, Smyser TA, Smyser CD, Rogers CE. Socioeconomic disadvantage and parental mood/affective problems links negative parenting and executive dysfunction in children born very preterm. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:1092-1107. [PMID: 34725016 PMCID: PMC9058043 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421000961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Poverty increases the risk of poorer executive function (EF) in children born full-term (FT). Stressors associated with poverty, including variability in parenting behavior, may explain links between poverty and poorer EF, but this remains unclear for children born very preterm (VPT). We examine socioeconomic and parental psychosocial adversity on parenting behavior, and whether these factors independently or jointly influence EF in children born VPT. At age five years, 154 children (VPT = 88, FT = 66) completed parent-child interaction and EF tasks. Parental sensitivity, intrusiveness, cognitive stimulation, and positive and negative regard were coded with the Parent-Child Interaction Rating Scale. Socioeconomic adversity spanned maternal demographic stressors, Income-to-Needs ratio, and Area Deprivation Index. Parents completed measures of depression, anxiety, inattention/hyperactivity, parenting stress, and social-communication interaction (SCI) problems. Parental SCI problems were associated with parenting behavior in parents of children born VPT, whereas socioeconomic adversity was significant in parents of FT children. Negative parenting behaviors, but not positive parenting behaviors, were related to child EF. This association was explained by parental depression/anxiety symptoms and socioeconomic adversity. Results persisted after adjustment for parent and child IQ. Findings may inform research on dyadic interventions that embed treatment for parental mood/affective symptoms and SCI problems to improve childhood EF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Lean
- Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Emily D Gerstein
- Psychological Sciences, University Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Tara A Smyser
- Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Christopher D Smyser
- Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
- Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
- Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Cynthia E Rogers
- Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
- Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
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21
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Bringel JMDA, Abreu I, Muniz MCMC, de Almeida PC, Silva MRG. Excessive Noise in Neonatal Units and the Occupational Stress Experienced by Healthcare Professionals: An Assessment of Burnout and Measurement of Cortisol Levels. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2002. [PMID: 37510443 PMCID: PMC10379383 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11142002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive noise in the work environment has been associated with extra-auditory symptoms, which can have harmful long-term effects on individuals. The purpose of this study was to identify noise levels in neonatal intensive care units and investigate their impact on the occurrence of stress among healthcare professionals, using cortisol levels as a biomarker for Burnout Syndrome. This descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional study was conducted in four public teaching hospitals in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Sound pressure levels in the environment were measured, and questionnaires were administered to collect sociodemographic data and assess perceptions of the work environment and Burnout symptoms. Saliva samples were collected at the beginning and end of work shifts for cortisol quantification. The average sound pressure ranged from 59.9 to 66.4 dB(A), exceeding the recommended levels set by Brazilian and international legislation. Among the 256 participants, the average age was 39.4 years, with 95% being female. The majority (70.9%) were nurses, and 22.7% were physicians. There was no significant association found between noise and Burnout Syndrome, nor with changes in cortisol levels. However, a significant association was observed between the perception of excessive noise and the sensation of a stressful work shift (p = 0.012). All evaluated professionals displayed symptoms of Burnout. The high sound pressure levels indicated that the assessed environments did not meet the recommended standards for acoustic comfort, and this was associated with the participants' perception of stressful work shifts. While Burnout symptoms were evident in our participants, it was not possible to confirm a correlation with high noise levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel Abreu
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
- FP-I3ID, University Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Paulo César de Almeida
- Postgraduate Program in Clinical Health Care Nursing, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza 60714-903, Brazil
| | - Maria-Raquel G Silva
- FP-I3ID, University Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- CIAS-Research Centre for Anthropology and Health-Human Biology, Health and Society, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- CHRC-Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Nova Medical School, Nova University of Lisbon, 1150-090 Lisbon, Portugal
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22
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Eitan T, Gazit T. No social media for six hours? The emotional experience of Meta's global outage according to FoMO, JoMO and internet intensity. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Kamp Dush CM, Manning WD, Berrigan MN, Hardeman RR. Stress and Mental Health: A Focus on COVID-19 and Racial Trauma Stress. THE RUSSELL SAGE FOUNDATION JOURNAL OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES : RSF 2022; 8:104-134. [PMID: 37033679 PMCID: PMC10077922 DOI: 10.7758/rsf.2022.8.8.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the United States, COVID-19 unfolded alongside profound racial trauma. Drawing on a population representative sample of 20-60 year-olds who were married or cohabiting, the National Couples' Health and Time Study (N =3,642), we examine two specific sources of stress: COVID-19 and racial trauma. We leverage the fully powered samples of respondents with racial/ethnic and sexual minority identities and find that COVID-19 and racial trauma stress were higher among individuals who were not White or heterosexual most likely due to racism, xenophobia, and cis-heterosexism at the individual and structural levels. Both COVID-19 and racial trauma stress were associated with poorer mental health outcomes even after accounting for a rich set of potential mechanistic indicators, including discrimination and social climate. We argue that the inclusion of assessments of stress are critical for understanding health and well-being among individuals impacted by systemic and interpersonal discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Kamp Dush
- Minnesota Population Center and the Department of Sociology at the University of Minnesota. She is a family scholar with an interdisciplinary background that includes training in demography, psychology, sociology, and economics. Her research focuses on family functioning, including marriage and cohabitation, and its intersection with human development
| | - Wendy D Manning
- Dr. Howard E. and Penny Daum Aldrich Distinguished Professor in the Department of Sociology at Bowling Green State University. She is a family demographer focusing on trends in family formation and dissolution for same-gender and different-gender couples. Her research examines social relationships and the health and well-being of children, parents, and adults in the United States
| | - Miranda N Berrigan
- University of Minnesota. She is a human development and family studies scholar with interdisciplinary specializations in quantitative research methods and evaluation and demography. Her research focuses on the intersection of family, work, and well-being
| | - Rachel R Hardeman
- Blue Cross Endowed Professor of Health and Racial Equity in the Division of Health Policy and Management and Director of the Center for Antiracism Research for Health Equity at the University of Minnesota. Her program of research applies the tools of population health science and health services research to elucidate a critical and complex determinant of health inequity-racism. Her scholarship advances the field's conceptual and methodological tools for studying racism's relationship to health and healthcare
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24
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Yoon S, Choi S. Stress-related to COVID-19, anxiety, and protective factors among middle-aged and older adults in the largest outbreak areas in South Korea. Aging Ment Health 2022; 26:2090-2099. [PMID: 34935533 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2021.2017850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study examined the impact of psychological stress related to COVID-19 on anxiety as well as protective factors against these negative psychological consequences among middle-aged and older adults in the largest outbreak areas in South Korea. METHOD Participants included 667 middle-aged and older adults (ages 40 to 76) living in the largest outbreak areas at the time of the survey based on the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in South Korea. Path analysis was conducted. RESULTS Stress related to COVID-19 and loneliness were positively associated with anxiety. However, family cohesion, resilience, health, and being married were negatively associated with anxiety. Also, family cohesion, resilience, income, and being married were negatively associated with loneliness among middle-aged and older adults in the largest outbreak areas in South Korea. CONCLUSION As postulated by the Stress Process Model, stress related to COVID-19 may have increased loneliness and anxiety among middle-aged and older adults in the largest outbreak areas in South Korea; however, resilience and family cohesion reduced these negative consequences both directly and indirectly. Findings are discussed and implications are addressed.
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Jolly M, Katz P. Predictors of stress in patients with Lupus. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:986968. [PMID: 36250087 PMCID: PMC9556948 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.986968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stress is common in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), and is associated with depression, fatigue, and disease flares. Stress may be modifiable and identifying those at high risk allows clinicians and allied health care professionals to develop a multidisciplinary management plan to direct appropriate resources. This study is aimed at identifying predictors of high stress over time among patients with SLE. Methods Longitudinal data from two interviews of the Lupus Outcomes Study 2 years apart from 726 patients with SLE were analyzed for stress, measured using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS; high-stress PSS ≥6). T-test and Chi-square analyses compared patient characteristics by high-stress status. Logistic regressions were conducted with high stress as the dependent variable. Covariates included demographics, disease features, quality of life (QOL), health care utilization (HCU), and comorbidities. QoL was measured using the SF-36 form (Physical Component Score, PCS; Mental Component Score, MCS) and MOS Cognitive Functioning Scale (CFS). HCU indicated having established care with a rheumatologist, use of an emergency room or hospitalization, and quality of care. P ≤ 0.05 were considered significant. Results The mean age of the cohort was 50.6 (12.5) years, 92% were women and 68% were Caucasian. The mean (SD) PSS was 5.3 (3.6), and high stress (PSS >6) was noted in 253 participants. Those with high stress were more frequently below the poverty line and less commonly employed. They had a greater prevalence of comorbidities and HCU; and worse disease severity (activity, flare, damage) and QOL. In regression analyses, high stress (baseline) was associated with younger age, married status, worse QOL, and presence of diabetes. Better QOL (PCS, MCS) independently predicted decreased odds of high stress, while high stress (baseline) predicted high stress (OR 3.16, 95% CI 1.85, 5.37, p < 0.0001) at follow-up, after adjusting for demographics, disease features, HCU, and comorbidities. Conclusion Patients with SLE should be routinely screened for QOL and stress during their clinical care, to identify those at risk for poor health outcomes. This information can facilitate multidisciplinary management for those at risk for worse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Jolly
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Meenakshi Jolly
| | - Patricia Katz
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Attia M, Ibrahim FA, Elsady MAE, Khorkhash MK, Rizk MA, Shah J, Amer SA. Cognitive, emotional, physical, and behavioral stress-related symptoms and coping strategies among university students during the third wave of COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:933981. [PMID: 36186888 PMCID: PMC9523087 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.933981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stress is manifested by different physical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral stress-related symptoms, and everyone experiences it uniquely. The COVID-19 Pandemic has tremendously affected university students' lives. So, we conducted this study to determine the stress frequency, causes, determinants, and related symptoms involving physical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral traits and coping strategies among university students in Egypt during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, 2021. Methods Cross-sectional study targeted 1,467 randomly selected undergraduate university students, representing all colleges from 30 universities in Egypt, through a validated self-administrated questionnaire. Results The total stress-related symptom score was statistically significant (p < 0.05), higher among females, married, living on campus, with a (B) GPA, and those who had both organic and psychological disorders. The top 10 prevalent physical symptoms were headaches, chronic fatigue, hair loss, low back pain, neck pain, shoulders and arm pain, ophthalmological symptoms, acne, shakiness of extremities, and palpitations, respectively. The most reported symptoms regarding the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects were anxiety and racing thoughts, moodiness and irritability, and excessive sleeping, respectively. Nine hundred and thirty-seven (63.9%) reported that the COVID-19 pandemic badly affected their lives, either directly or indirectly. The study showed that the prevalence of stress among university students is more than 97%. One thousand and five (68.5%) preferred isolation as a relieving technique. Conclusion Stress and its related physical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral symptoms are prevalent among university students. Most of the university students who were recruited reported that the COVID-19 pandemic badly affected their lives and used negative ways to deal with stress, like staying alone and sleeping too much. Positive ways to deal with stress, like seeing a therapist or meditating, were less common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merna Attia
- Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | | | | | | | - Jaffer Shah
- New York State Department of Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Samar A. Amer
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Member at Royal Colleague of General Practitioners [INT], London, United Kingdom
- Department of Mental Health Primary Care, Nova University, Lisbon, Portugal
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Amirkhan JH, Vandenbelt AB. Marriage and health: exploring the role of stress overload. ANXIETY, STRESS, & COPING 2022; 36:398-413. [PMID: 36067057 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2022.2120196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The association between marital status and health is well-established, but its causes remain unclear. This study was the first to examine stress overload, the pathogenic form of stress, as a possible explanation. DESIGN The study employed a cross-sectional design and convenience sample to explore relationships among stress overload, marital status, social support, and illness. METHODS A diverse sample (n = 455), recruited from community and social media sites, completed an anonymous online survey. Included were standardized measures of stress overload (SOS-S), perceived social support (MSPSS), and somatic symptoms (PHQ-15). RESULTS Married participants reported lower stress overload levels than those in any other type of relationship (single, in-a-relationship, or cohabiting). They did not differ from the unmarried in overall level of social support, nor did statistically controlling social support or income levels erase the stress overload differential. They also reported lower levels of symptomology than the unmarried. SEM analyses yielded a best-fitting model showing stress overload to partially mediate the link between marital status and symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Stress overload is one mechanism that explains the marital health disparity, albeit not the only one. This holds implications for future research and practice focused on personal relationships and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H. Amirkhan
- Psychology Department, California State University, Long Beach, CA, USA
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WHODAS Assessment Feasibility and Mental Health Impact on Functional Disability in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10061053. [PMID: 35742104 PMCID: PMC9222861 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10061053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), besides rheumatological dysfunction, manifests in neuropsychiatric disorders like depression and anxiety. Mental health illnesses in SLE patients have a high prevalence and a profound impact on quality of life, generating an increased disability and premature mortality. This study aimed to establish the degree of disability in patients with SLE and the impact of depression and anxiety on patients’ functioning. Additionally, the study aimed to verify whether World Health Organization-Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0 is suitable for the evaluation of patients with SLE associating depression and/or anxiety symptoms. Cross-sectional research was performed, including adult patients, diagnosed with SLE. To evaluate depression, anxiety, and functioning, approved questionnaires Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and, World Health Organization-Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) were applied. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed on WHODAS subscales. Sixty-two patients were included in the research, with a mean of SLE diagnosis of 12.48 years; 53 patients (85%) had depression (p < 0.001). Anxiety was found in 38 patients (61.29%, p < 0.05). WHODAS assessment results depicted that 39 patients (62.90%, p < 0.05) manifested disability, from which 26 (66.66%, p < 0.05) presented moderate and severe disability. A strong correlation between the severity of anxiety and the degree of disability (r > 0.6, p < 0.001) was found. The WHODAS scale assessment proved to be a valuable tool for SLE patient’s functioning assessment. This study suggests that depression and anxiety negatively impact WHODAS disability scores, decreasing the quality of life in SLE patients.
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Batista P, Afonso A, Lopes M, Fonseca C, Oliveira-Silva P, Pereira A, Pinho L. Anxiety and Coping Stress Strategies in Researchers During COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Public Health 2022; 10:850376. [PMID: 35692345 PMCID: PMC9175237 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.850376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic has affected the whole world, leading to changes in one's personal and working life. Researchers have undergone extensive changes in their roles, mainly in the area of health care, with research into the virus now the priority. Aim To assess the anxiety, depression, stress, fears, and coping strategies of Portuguese researchers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants and Methods A total of 243 researchers, with an average age of 37.9 ± 9.6, participated in an online questionnaire. The study was performed between 1 June 2021 and 11 August 2021. The questionnaire included depression, anxiety, and stress (DASS-21), fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S), and coping inventory for stressful situations (CISS). Results The findings suggest being female and younger seem to be related to more significant fears. Singles and younger researchers showed higher values of stress, depression, and anxiety. Research areas, such as medical and health sciences, presented higher levels in the DASS-21 depression and stress scale (p < 0.05). Also, the results showed a moderate or moderate strong significant positive linear relationship between the scales (p < 0.001): DASS-21 stress, DASS-21 anxiety, and DASS-21 depression (r > 0.70); CISS-21 emotional-oriented with DASS-21 stress (r = 0.683), DASS-21 depression (r = 0.622), and DASS-21 anxiety (r = 0.557); and emotional fear and cognitive fear (r = 0.652). Conclusion The findings of this study support the growing concern for the psychological well-being of researchers and the need for intervention with more extensive and diverse studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Batista
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Research Centre for Human Development, Human Neurobehavioral Laboratory, Porto, Portugal
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF – Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Anabela Afonso
- Department of Mathematics, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
- Center for Research in Mathematics and Applications (CIMA), Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, Évora, Portugal
| | - Manuel Lopes
- S. João de Deus School of Nursing, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Évora, Portugal
| | - César Fonseca
- S. João de Deus School of Nursing, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Évora, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Oliveira-Silva
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Research Centre for Human Development, Human Neurobehavioral Laboratory, Porto, Portugal
| | - Anabela Pereira
- Education and Psychology Department, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Lara Pinho
- S. João de Deus School of Nursing, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Évora, Portugal
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Balakrishnan S, Karmacharya I, Ghimire S, Mistry SK, Singh DR, Yadav OP, Gudi N, Rawal LB, Yadav UN. Prevalence of multimorbidity and its correlates among older adults in Eastern Nepal. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:425. [PMID: 35570271 PMCID: PMC9109315 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03115-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The number of people with multimorbidity is surging around the world. Although multimorbidity has been introduced in policy and practice in developed countries, developing countries like Nepal have not considered it as a matter of public health urgency due to the lack of enough epidemiological data. Multimorbidity profoundly affects older adults’ wellbeing; therefore, it is crucial to estimate its prevalence and determinants. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of multimorbidity among older adults in Eastern Nepal and identify its correlates. Methodology A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in three districts of Eastern Nepal. Data were collected between July and September 2020, among 847 Nepali older adults, aged 60 and older, where study participants were recruited through a multi-stage cluster sampling technique. Semi-structured interviews were conducted at the community settings to collect data. Logistic regression assessed correlates of multimorbidity. SAS 9.4 was used to run all statistical tests and analyses. Results More than half (66.5%) of the participants had at least one of the five non-communicable chronic conditions; hypertension (31.6%), osteoarthritis (28.6%), chronic respiratory disease (18.0%), diabetes (13.5%), and heart disease (5.3%). The prevalence of multimorbidity was 22.8%. In the adjusted model, increased age (for 70–79 years, OR: 3.11, 95% CI: 1.87–5.18; for 80 + years, OR: 4.19, 95% CI: 2.32–7.57), those without a partner (OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.00–2.30), residing in urban areas (OR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.16–2.51), and distant from health center (OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.04–2.64) were significantly associated with multimorbidity. Conclusions This study found one in five study participants had multimorbidity. The findings will assist policymakers and stakeholders in understanding the burden of multimorbidity among the older population and identifying the groups in most need of health promotion intervention. Future interventions may include developing horizontal multimorbid approaches and multisectoral strategies specifically tailored to meet the needs of those populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isha Karmacharya
- Department of Sociology and Gerontology and Scripps Gerontology Center, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Saruna Ghimire
- Department of Sociology and Gerontology and Scripps Gerontology Center, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Devendra Raj Singh
- School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, UK
| | | | - Nachiket Gudi
- Public Health Evidence South Asia (PHESA), Department of Health Information, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Lal Bahadur Rawal
- School of Health Medical and Applied Sciences, College of Science and Sustainability, Central Queensland University, Sydney Campus, Sydney, Australia
| | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. .,National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia. .,Centre for Research Policy and Implementation (CRPIN), Biratnagar, Nepal.
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Maia MS, dos Santos GL, Porto CC. Work-related stress among physiotherapists from the musculoskeletal area: An observational study. Work 2022; 71:1163-1173. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-205195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Stress is a consequence of or a general reaction to an action or situation that leads to physical, psychological or both demands on a person, which can cause major disabilities in different aspects of life. This study verified the presence and stress phase of physiotherapists in the musculoskeletal area, identifying the factors associated with stress. METHOD: Presence and phase of stress were assessed using the Lipp’s Stress Symptoms Inventory for Adults, and sociodemographic, work, and subjective data through a structured questionnaire designed by the authors. RESULTS: 91 physiotherapists from 219 presented stress (41.55%). The presence of stress was associated to the workplace (p = 0.006, x2 = 20.01), number of patients per week (p = 0.023, x2 = 7.55), weekly working hours (p = 0.023, x2 = 7.56), and the perception of the work influenced their personal life (p < 0.001, x2 = 14.81). 56.04% of the physiotherapists were in the resistance phase. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately half of the physiotherapists showed signs of stress. Moreover, workplace, number of working hours, number of patients per week and the perception of the influence of work on personal life were important aspects to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurício Silveira Maia
- Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil
- Universidade Estadual de Goiás (UEG), Escola Superior de Educação Física e Fisioterapia do Estado de Goiás (Eseffego), Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil
| | - Gabriela Lopes dos Santos
- Universidade Estadual de Goiás (UEG), Escola Superior de Educação Física e Fisioterapia do Estado de Goiás (Eseffego), Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil
- Curso de Fisioterapia, Instituto de Ciências e da Saúde, Faculdade Alfredo Nasser, Aparecida de Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Celmo Celeno Porto
- Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil
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Ariapooran S, Ahadi B, Khezeli M. Depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation in nurses with and without symptoms of secondary traumatic stress during the COVID-19 outbreak. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2022; 37:76-81. [PMID: 35337442 PMCID: PMC8938317 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses tend to experience a lot of Secondary Traumatic Stress (STS) during the outbreak of the COVID-19. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of STS and comparing depression, anxiety, and Suicidal Ideation (SI) in nurses with and without STS symptoms during the COVID-19 outbreak. METHOD The research method of this study was descriptive-comparative. The statistical sample consisted of 315 nurses working in hospitals of Malayer city, western Iran, selected through census method. Data were collected using the STS Scale, Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI-13), Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and SI scale. Data were analyzed using the independent t-test, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). RESULTS This study showed that 161 nurses (51.11%) had symptoms of STS. The prevalence of STS symptoms in nurses in emergency, ICU/CCU, medical emergencies, and other wards was 62.27%, 62.02%, 51.61%, and 26.32%, respectively. The results of the MANCOVA showed that the nurses with STS symptoms received higher scores in depression, anxiety, and SI than the ones without STS symptoms (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Hospital authorities and nursing psychiatrists should pay more attention to the STS symptoms in nurses during the COVID-19 outbreak, and its effects on depression, anxiety, and SI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Batool Ahadi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khezeli
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Kocakoglu S, Cadirci D, Kivanc Terzi N, Ayazoz Y. Anxiety Status and Associated Factors of Health Personnel Working in a Tertiary Hospital in Turkey in the COVID-19 Pandemic. EURASIAN JOURNAL OF FAMILY MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.33880/ejfm.2022110102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This research was conducted to evaluate the anxiety status and related factors of tertiary hospital personnel working in a densely populated area of Turkey during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: A total of 555 participants were included in this cross-sectional, prospective study. A socio-demographic data form was created and the Beck Anxiety Scale was applied to participants for evaluating anxiety status.
Results: The rate of men 64.86% (n=360) and women 35.14% (n=195). The distribution of anxiety scores was in the range of 8.39±9.16. 58.2% of them (n=323) had low, 41.8% (n=232) had high anxiety scores. Factors like age, gender, marital status, working status in areas where treatment/care is provided to suspected/positive patients with COVID-19, and fear of carrying infection from work to home are found to be statistically significantly related to anxiety.
Conclusion: High anxiety scores were measured in almost half of the participants. Taking measures to improve risk factors can reduce the damaging effects of the challenging working conditions due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on hospital personnel.
Keywords: anxiety, COVID-19, health, health personnel, pandemics
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Affiliation(s)
- Senay Kocakoglu
- Department of Family Medicine, Harran University Medical Faculty
| | - Dursun Cadirci
- Department of Family Medicine, Harran University Medical Faculty
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Alshammari T, Alseraye S, Alqasim R, Rogowska A, Alrasheed N, Alshammari M. Examining anxiety and stress regarding virtual learning in colleges of health sciences: A cross-sectional study in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:256-264. [PMID: 35498216 PMCID: PMC9051956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stress and anxiety are relatively common, particularly in females and college students. Stress can impact students' overall performance and their physical and mental health. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all aspects of life and is associated with high levels of psychological distress. It has considerably affected the education sector, not only locally but worldwide, forcing a shift in the education system from on-site to virtual learning. This cross-sectional study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of anxiety and stress regarding virtual learning among health sciences college students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) after introducing blended virtual classes and exams and in-person laboratory training. The study was carried six months after the COVID-19 outbreak. Methodology Participants were recruited by convenient sampling and snowballing strategies. Our study was conducted between November 18 and December 6, 2020. Questionnaires were employed; they included the General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale and focused on the participants' attitudes toward virtual learning. The present research was validated by a pilot study, followed by implementing some amendments. Results A total of 418 health sciences college students, aged 18-27 (M = 20.88, SD = 1.97), participated in the study. Our analysis indicated that more than half the sample (51.44%) reported a risk of moderate to severe GAD. Anxiety was recognized more frequently in women (72.09%) than in men (27.91%). Interestingly, our Χ2 analysis revealed an association between marital status and anxiety, with a higher risk of GAD found in single people (compared with married). In addition, we found that the risk of anxiety increased in junior students (1st-3rd year) compared to senior students (4th-6th year). Conclusion Our study highlights the need to establish gender-based tailored mental health support systems that provide preventive measures. The study findings also recommend that institutions develop programs and platforms that safely support students to interact and seek guidance, particularly those at higher risk of stress, such as females and first-year students. Overall, our study underlines the need to pursue an understanding of the complicated nature of anxiety disorders..
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahani Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Alseraye
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawabi Alqasim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nouf Alrasheed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musaad Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
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Manning WD, Kamp Dush CM. COVID-19 Stress and Sexual Identities. SOCIUS : SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH FOR A DYNAMIC WORLD 2022; 8:10.1177/23780231221105376. [PMID: 36467105 PMCID: PMC9717607 DOI: 10.1177/23780231221105376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has disrupted lives and resulted in high levels of stress. Although the evidence at the societal level is clear, there have been no population-based studies of pandemic-based stress focusing on individuals who identify as sexual minorities. Drawing on representative data collected during the pandemic, National Couples' Health and Time Study, the authors find that partnered (cohabiting or married) individuals who identified as sexual minorities experienced higher levels of stress than individuals who identified as heterosexual. However, variation exists observed among sexual minority adults. Although economic resources, discrimination, social and community support, and health conditions are tied to reported stress levels, they do not explain differentials according to sexual identity. These results provide evidence that sexual minority adults faced greater stress during the pandemic and the importance of recognizing that sexual minorities are not a monolithic group with varying stress responses to the pandemic.
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Kim S. Different maternal age patterns of preterm birth: Interplay of race/ethnicity, chronic stress, and marital status. Res Nurs Health 2021; 45:151-162. [PMID: 34961957 DOI: 10.1002/nur.22205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine whether the preterm birth (PTB) risks according to maternal age is altered by a woman's marital status and chronic stress among non-Hispanic (N-H) White, N-H Black, Hispanic, and Asian women. This researcher analyzed the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System data for New York City and Washington State linked with the birth certificates for 2004-2007. The sample included 6344 singleton live births without birth defects to women aged 18 years or older identified as N-H White, N-H Black, Hispanic, or Asian. The outcome was PTB. Maternal age-specific PTB rates were calculated according to race/ethnicity, marital status, and chronic stress. Linear trends of PTB rates with maternal age were evaluated by the Mantel-Haenszel χ2 test. Marriage had a protective effect against PTB at advancing maternal age across racial/ethnic groups. The health benefit of marriage was strong, particularly among the married N-H Black and Asian women, manifested as a maternal age-related decrease in the PTB rate (reverse-weathering). In contrast, women not married showed a maternal age-related increase in the PTB rate (weathering) across the racial/ethnic groups. Under higher chronic stress, married women generally experienced less weathering about PTB. These patterns were observed with noticeable racial/ethnic variations. Acknowledging the different dynamics among maternal age, marital status, and chronic stress by race/ethnicity could help shed light on the psychosocial mechanisms underlying the racial/ethnic inequalities in PTB in the United States. To that end, future studies should use more nuanced measurements of paternal support and chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangmi Kim
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Lemuel AM, Usman IM, Kasozi KI, Alghamdi S, Aigbogun EO, Archibong V, Ssebuufu R, Kabanyoro A, Ifie JE, Swase DT, Ssempijja F, Ayuba JT, Matama K, Onohuean H, Kembabazi S, Henry R, Odoma S, Yusuf H, Afodun AM, Assaggaf HM, Kairania E, Aslam A, Okon O, El-Saber Batiha G, Welburn SC. COVID-19-Related Mental Health Burdens: Impact of Educational Level and Relationship Status Among Low-Income Earners of Western Uganda. Front Public Health 2021; 9:739270. [PMID: 34900896 PMCID: PMC8663024 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.739270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The study aimed to investigate the relationship between mental health with the level of education, relationship status, and awareness on mental health among low-income earners in Western Uganda. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out among 253 participants. Anxiety, anger, and depression were assessed using a modified generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7), Spielberger's State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2, and Beck Depression Inventory item tools, respectively. Results: The majority of our respondents were male (n = 150/253, 59.3), had a secondary level of education (104/253, 41.1), and were single (137/253, 54.2). No formal education and primary education (r2 = 47.4% and 6.4%, respectively) had a negative correlation with awareness of mental health care. In addition, no formal education had a positive correlation with anger and depression (r2 = 1.9% and 0.3%, respectively). Singleness in this study had a negative correlation with awareness of mental health care, anger, and depression (r2 = 1.9, 0.8, and 0.3%, respectively), and a positive correlation with anxiety (r2 = 3.9%). Conclusion: It is evident that education and relationship status influenced awareness on mental health care and mental health state among low-income earners in Western Uganda during the first COVID-19 lockdown. Therefore, policymakers should strengthen social transformation through the proper engagement of low-income earners in this COVID-19 era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Monima Lemuel
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Ibe Michael Usman
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Keneth Iceland Kasozi
- Infection Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,School of Medicine, Kabale University, Kabale, Uganda
| | - Saad Alghamdi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eric Osamudiamwen Aigbogun
- Department of Public Health Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Cavendish University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Victor Archibong
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | | | - Annet Kabanyoro
- School of Nursing, Kampala International University Teaching Hospital, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Josiah Eseoghene Ifie
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Dominic Terkimbi Swase
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Fred Ssempijja
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - John Tabakwot Ayuba
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Kevin Matama
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Hope Onohuean
- Biopharmaceutics Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Stellamaris Kembabazi
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Rachael Henry
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Said Odoma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, International University, Kampala, Uganda.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria
| | - Helen Yusuf
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Adam Moyosore Afodun
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, Tororo, Uganda
| | - Hamza M Assaggaf
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emmanuel Kairania
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, Tororo, Uganda
| | - Akhmed Aslam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Owoisinke Okon
- Department of Public Health, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Susan Christina Welburn
- Infection Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
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38
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Vergunst F, Zheng Y, Domond P, Vitaro F, Tremblay RE, Nagin D, Park J, Côté SM. Behavior in childhood is associated with romantic partnering patterns in adulthood. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2021; 62:842-852. [PMID: 33058195 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most people will partner at some point during their lives. Yet little is known about the association between childhood behavior and patterns of long-term romantic partnering in adulthood. METHODS In this population-based cohort study, behavioral ratings were prospectively obtained from teachers when children (n = 2,960) were aged 10-12 years - for inattention, hyperactivity, aggression-opposition, anxiety, and prosociality - and linked to their tax return records from age 18 to 35 years (1998-2015). We used group-based based trajectory modeling to estimate the probability of partnership (marriage/cohabitation) over time and multinomial logistic regression models to examine the association between childhood behavior and trajectory group membership. The child's sex and family socioeconomic background were adjusted for. RESULTS Five distinct trajectories of partnering were identified: early-partnered (n = 420, 14.4%), mid-partnered (n = 620, 21.3%), late-partnered (n = 570, 19.2%), early-partnered-separated (n = 460, 15.5%), and delayed-or-unpartnered (n = 890, 30.0%). Participants in the early-partnered-separated and delayed-or-unpartnered trajectories were more likely to have left high school without a diploma and to have lower earnings and higher welfare receipt from age 18 to 35 years. After adjustment for sex and family background, inattention and aggression-opposition were uniquely and additively associated with increased likelihood of following an early-partnered-separated trajectory, while inattention and anxiety were associated with an increased likelihood of following a delayed-or-unpartnered trajectory. Childhood prosocial behaviors were consistently associated with earlier and more sustained patterns of partnership. CONCLUSIONS Children with behavioral problems are more likely to separate or to be unpartnered across early adulthood. This may have consequences for their psychological health and wellbeing and that of their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Vergunst
- School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Ste-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yao Zheng
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Pascale Domond
- School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Ste-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Frank Vitaro
- Ste-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.,School of Psychoeducation, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Richard E Tremblay
- Ste-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics and Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel Nagin
- Heinz College of Information Systems and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Sylvana M Côté
- Ste-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Charles Perrens Hospital Center, INSERM U1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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Vanterpool KB, Yarber WL, Rosenberg M, Mowatt RA, Garcia JR. Association of Black Women's Perceptions of the Sex Ratio to Their Attitudes Toward and Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence. Violence Against Women 2021; 28:946-965. [PMID: 34143709 DOI: 10.1177/10778012211013900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study explores how perceptions of the availability of male dating partners (sex ratio) affect heterosexual Black women's tolerance and experiences with intimate partner violence (IPV). Evolutionary behavioral models suggest that when the sex ratio is high (more available men than women), violence against women is more likely to occur, whereas the Guttentag-Secord model suggests that when there is a surplus of men, violence against women is less likely to occur. Testing these theories, results show perception of a high sex ratio was significantly positively associated with experiences of IPV in the past 12 months and more tolerant attitudes toward IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen B Vanterpool
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.,The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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40
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Miller LR, Garcia JR, Gesselman AN. Dating and sexualities across the life course: The interactive effects of aging and gender. J Aging Stud 2021; 57:100921. [PMID: 34082993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaging.2021.100921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Research on aging and sexuality has proliferated in recent years. However, little is known about the gender-specific effects of aging on dating and sexuality. Using survey data from the 2014 wave of Singles in America (SIA), a comprehensive survey on adult singles' experiences with dating and sexuality, we examine whether age differentially affects heterosexual women's and men's dating and sexual attitudes and behaviors and whether gender differences persist across the life course. We find that men remain active in the dating and sexual marketplace longer than women. Although main effects of gender differences are documented in dating and sexual attitudes and behaviors, the results show that gender does not operate the same across the life course. Notably, gender differences shrink or are eliminated in attitudes and behaviors surrounding partnering in midlife and late adulthood, suggesting that age is integral to understanding gendered heterosexuality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa R Miller
- Dept. of Sociology, Behavioral Sciences, Eckerd College, 4200 54th Ave. S., Saint Petersburg, FL 33711, United States of America.
| | - Justin R Garcia
- Kinsey Institute, Dept. of Gender Studies, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States of America.
| | - Amanda N Gesselman
- Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States of America.
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41
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Mutia H, Hargiana G. Future anxiety in students of communication and Islamic broadcasting program: The correlation with resilience. J Public Health Res 2021; 10. [PMID: 34060751 PMCID: PMC9309714 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2021.2401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anxiety becomes a mental health problem that students experience most
frequently. One of the anxiety disorders in students is future anxiety. A
high level of unemployment becomes the most significant stressor of this
anxiety. In 2019, the department of communication became the department with
the highest unemployment rate in the world. The students at Communication
and Islamic Broadcasting Department feel this phenomenon and find
difficulties in finding a job. This condition triggers the students’
concerns about the future. In this case, future anxiety can be influenced by
one of the protective factors, namely resilience. This study aims to
identify the correlation between resilience and future anxiety of the
Communication and Islamic Broadcasting Department's students. Design and Methods This study was conducted by employing a cross-sectional design and involving
students at the Communication and Islamic Broadcasting Department (n=238) of
Universitas Ibn Khaldun, Bogor. This study used the Connor- Davidson
Resilience Scale 10 questionnaire to measure the resilience and Future
Anxiety Scale to measure future anxiety. Meanwhile, the bivariate analysis
between resilience and future anxiety was conducted by employing the Pearson
productmoment correlation. Results This reveals a negative correlation between resilience and future anxiety
(-0.379) with a moderate correlation. Conclusions This study recommends several efforts to increase resilience for stress
management, possibly guided by nurses. Moreover, higher education
institutions can facilitate students by providing counseling and training in
time management, enhancing adaptive coping, and developing the alumni
association as media of future planning discussion for students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Mutia
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java .
| | - Giur Hargiana
- Department of Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java.
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Prevalence and Correlates of Prenatal Depression, Anxiety and Suicidal Behaviours in the Volta Region of Ghana. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115857. [PMID: 34072525 PMCID: PMC8198850 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy is associated with several physical and psychosocial challenges that influence women's health and wellbeing. However, prenatal mental health has received little attention. Therefore, this study examined the prevalence and correlates of prenatal depression, anxiety and current suicidal behaviors among pregnant women in the Volta Region of Ghana. Two hundred and fourteen (n = 214) pregnant women recruited from two hospitals responded to the hospital depression and anxiety scale (HADS), the insomnia severity index, and a set of psycho-behavioral, socioenvironmental and demographic characteristic questions. Chi-squared, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were used for data analysis. Prevalence of prenatal depression, anxiety and current suicidal behaviors was 50.5%, 35.5% and 3.3%, respectively. After controlling for other variables, average monthly income, insomnia, non-nutritious food consumption (pica), and body image satisfaction were significantly associated with depression. Marital status, insomnia, lifetime suicidal behavior and partner support were significantly associated with anxiety. Current partner abuse was the only factor significantly associated with current suicidal behavior. The high prevalence rates of anxiety and depression among pregnant women and intimate partner violence remain important maternal health issues in the region. Therefore, brief mental health screening and counseling services should be integrated into prenatal healthcare services.
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Üngür G, Karagözoğlu C. Do personality traits have an impact on anxiety levels of athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic? CURRENT ISSUES IN PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 9:246-257. [PMID: 38013962 PMCID: PMC10658853 DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2021.106138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sports world is one of the sectors most affected by the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. Athletes from specific sport disciplines have experienced the new situation in different ways. Therefore, understanding their individual experiences and psychological responses may help to design better intervention programs. Accordingly, this study investigated the relationship between athletes' personality traits and anxiety in the light of their individual experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE The COVID-19 impact questionnaire, Big Five Inventory-35, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were administered to 321 male and 168 female athletes in Turkey from various sport disciplines. At the time of data collection, training and competitions had been canceled in all sports for two months. RESULTS Most athletes (70.7%) were worried about being infected with SARS-CoV-2 if competitions were to restart soon. The regression analyses revealed that emotional stability, extroversion, and age were negative predictors of state anxiety; emotional stability, extroversion, and conscientiousness were negative predictors of trait anxiety; agreeableness was a positive predictor of state anxiety. Athletes who perceived that their relationships with family or close friends worsened during home confinement (17.2%) had significantly higher state anxiety and trait anxiety scores than those who perceived a positive relationship change (28%) or no relationship change (54.8%). The agreeableness, conscientiousness, and emotional stability scores of athletes who perceived a negative relationship change with family or close friends were also significantly lower than for athletes who perceived no change or a positive change. CONCLUSIONS Overall, personality traits affected athletes' anxiety levels and their relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Üngür
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
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Zlotnick C, Dryjanska L, Suckerman S. Health literacy, resilience and perceived stress of migrants in Israel during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychol Health 2021; 37:1076-1092. [PMID: 33980091 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2021.1921177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine perceived stress in migrants guided by Bornstein's Specificity Principle in Acculturation Science (BSPAS) theoretical framework. DESIGN Using a cross-sectional study, we recruited English-language migrants (n = 411) living in Israel to respond to an online questionnaire during the COVID-19 pandemic, from 3 April to 16 May 2020. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The dependent variable comprised the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) scores, which attained an internal consistency of 0.91 in this sample. RESULTS PSS scores were related to lower age (p < 0.0001), being single (p = 0.0095), not possessing high (p = 0.0069) or medium resilience (p = 0.0002), reporting below average SES (p = 0.0196), being "extremely" worried about getting COVID-19 (p < 0.0001), and having high health literacy (p = 0.0007). Additionally, the interaction between health literacy and resilience (p < 0.0001) showed that migrants with high resilience and high health literacy had the lowest perceived stress; and migrants with low resilience and high health literacy had the highest perceived stress. CONCLUSIONS Interventions are needed to assist migrants during the COVID-19 pandemic. The optimal intervention will aim to address the psychological distress while increasing both health literacy and resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Zlotnick
- Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health & Welfare Science, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Laura Dryjanska
- Rosemead School of Psychology, Biola University, La Mirada, CA, USA
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Kurian RM, Thomas S. Perceived stress among information technology professionals in India during the COVID-19 pandemic. THEORETICAL ISSUES IN ERGONOMICS SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1463922x.2021.1901321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riba Maria Kurian
- Department of Psychology, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, India
| | - Shinto Thomas
- Department of Psychology, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, India
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Deichert NT, Fekete EM, Craven M. Gratitude enhances the beneficial effects of social support on psychological well-being. THE JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2019.1689425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan T. Deichert
- Department of Psychology, Black Hills State University, Spearfish, SD, USA
| | - Erin M. Fekete
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michael Craven
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Seva RR, Tejero LMS, Fadrilan‐Camacho VFF. Barriers and facilitators of productivity while working from home during pandemic. J Occup Health 2021; 63:e12242. [PMID: 34181307 PMCID: PMC8238055 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to characterize the working environment, stress levels, and psychological detachment of employees working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines and investigate their relationship to productivity and musculoskeletal symptoms. METHODS Structural equation modeling was used to examine the direct effect of workstation characteristics, stress, and musculoskeletal symptoms to productivity and the indirect effect of psychological detachment to productivity. Data were gathered from a survey of employees working from home during the pandemic from different industries (n = 352). Multigroup analysis was also conducted to determine the effect of age, having a spouse, and having children less than 18 years old, to the model. RESULTS Ergonomic suitability of the workstation (WES) has a significant effect on musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS) (β = -0.31, SE = 0.06; p < .001). Both workstation suitability (β = -0.24, SE = 0.03; p < .001) and workstation ergonomic suitability (β = -0.18, SE = 0.01; p < .01) inversely affect STR. Psychological detachment has a significant inverse effect on stress (β = -0.31, SE = 0.07; p < .001) and stress has a significant negative effect on productivity (β = -0.13, SE = 0.09; p = .03). Multigroup analyses showed that stress significantly affected the productivity of those without spouses and young employees. CONCLUSION Workstation suitability helps improve the productivity of people working from home while stress negatively affects it. Workstation ergonomic suitability and musculoskeletal symptoms have no significant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary R. Seva
- Industrial & Systems EngineeringGokongwei College of EngineeringDe La Salle UniversityManilaPhilippines
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Depressive and Anxiety Symptom Assessment in Adults with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. DEPRESSION RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2021; 2021:6652133. [PMID: 33959396 PMCID: PMC8075703 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6652133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrinopathic disorder commonly affecting women in the reproductive age. These women have a possibility of developing depression and anxiety due to biochemical changes, concerns regarding physical appearance, and social pressure from infertility. Thus, the connection between PCOS, anxiety, and depression has a possible impact on patients' quality of life. This study is aimed at assessing depression and anxiety symptoms among PCOS patients and their association with different socioeconomic aspects. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess depression and anxiety symptoms on 250 PCOS patients which were selected through consecutive sampling technique. Arabic versions of the HAM-A and HAM-D questionnaires were used alongside a demographic sheet to determine the socioeconomic and fertility status. RESULTS Prevalence of anxiety symptoms was reported among 100 (40%) of women and was found to be significantly higher in single women with a prevalence of 59 (48%) (χ2 = 5.8, p value <0.01). Also, lower-income status and unemployment were associated with a significantly higher prevalence of anxiety 18 (67%) (χ2 = 10.3, p value =0.03) and 71 (45%) (χ2 = 4.5, p value =0.03) women, respectively. Depressive symptoms were reported among 122 (49%) participants. CONCLUSION Single marital status, low income, and unemployment were predictors of anxiety. Tension was noted to be the most common anxiety symptom among participants while depressed mood and psychological anxiety were the most reported depressive symptoms. It is important to note the link between anxiety, PCOS, and depression when deciding treatment plans for affected women.
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Woon LSC, Sidi H, Nik Jaafar NR, Leong Bin Abdullah MFI. Mental Health Status of University Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Post-Movement Lockdown Assessment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17249155. [PMID: 33302410 PMCID: PMC7762588 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the prevalence and severity of depression, anxiety, and stress and determined the association between various factors, social support, and depression, anxiety, and stress among university healthcare workers in Malaysia after the government lifted the movement control order (MCO) put in place to curb the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This online, cross-sectional survey recruited 399 participants from two university hospitals, and they were administered a self-reported questionnaire on demographic, personal, and clinical characteristics, as well as COVID-19-related stressors and coping. In addition, they completed the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) to measure perceived social support, as well as the 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) to assess depression, anxiety, and stress. We found that the prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and stress were 21.8%, 31.6%, and 29.1%, respectively. Participants with moderate to extremely severe depression, anxiety, and stress made up 13.3%, 25.8%, and 8.1% of the sample, respectively. Being single or divorced, fear of frequent exposure to COVID-19 patients, agreeing that the area of living had a high prevalence of COVID-19 cases, uncertainty regarding the prevalence of COVID-19 cases in the area of living, and a history of pre-existing psychiatric illnesses were associated with higher odds of depression, anxiety, and stress. Conversely, having more than three children and greater perceived friend support were associated with lower odds of depression, anxiety, and stress. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress remained elevated even after the MCO was lifted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Sy-Cherng Woon
- Department of Psychiatry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (L.S.-C.W.); (H.S.); (N.R.N.J.)
| | - Hatta Sidi
- Department of Psychiatry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (L.S.-C.W.); (H.S.); (N.R.N.J.)
| | - Nik Ruzyanei Nik Jaafar
- Department of Psychiatry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (L.S.-C.W.); (H.S.); (N.R.N.J.)
| | - Mohammad Farris Iman Leong Bin Abdullah
- Lifestyle Science Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas 13200, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-4-5622482
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Price DM, Gesselman AN, Garcia JR. Single Bisexual Men's and Women's Perceptions of Acceptance in the LGBTQ Community. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2020; 67:1923-1947. [PMID: 31161916 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2019.1618645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, sociocultural shifts in the U.S. have cast a positive light on the LGBTQ community, presumably providing benefits to sexual and gender minorities. Using a sample of single lesbian, gay, and bisexual men and women (N= 924) collected from a 2016 survey in the U.S., we assess bisexual people's attitudes about the "LGBTQ community", as well as how others in the community - gay men and lesbian women - view bisexuals. We also examine contexts in which bisexual people feel they are unable to share their sexual identities. Descriptive analyses revealed that while many bisexual people feel they need to hide their sexual identity in most contexts, the majority of bisexual men and women feel "mostly" to "near total acceptance" in the LGBTQ community. Thus, while bisexual people do experience stigma-related stress, findings suggest a promising shift for bisexual people's lives in terms of drawing resources and support from the larger LGBTQ community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon M Price
- Hunter AIDS Research Team, Hunter College, CUNY , New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Justin R Garcia
- The Kinsey Institute, Indiana University , Bloomington, Indiana, USA
- Department of Gender Studies, Indiana University , Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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