|
1
|
Hawsawi AA, Nixon N, Nixon E. Navigating the medical journey: Insights into medical students' psychological wellbeing, coping, and personality. PLoS One 2025; 20:e0318399. [PMID: 39913638 PMCID: PMC11801719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0318399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2025] [Indexed: 02/11/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In recent years, increased awareness of the psychological wellbeing of healthcare professionals and students has become a pressing public health issue affecting care delivery. Medical students undergo rigorous training programs that can affect their psychological wellbeing. Despite increased awareness of mental health issues among medical students, research often focuses on negative aspects, overlooking potential positive contributors to wellbeing. This study aims to explore both negative and positive factors influencing medical students' psychological wellbeing, considering coping strategies and personality traits to inform targeted support measures for diverse student needs. METHODS A mixed-methods approach was employed to investigate medical students' psychological wellbeing, coping strategies, and personality traits. Quantitative data was gathered via self-report questionnaires and analysed using regression models. Additionally, qualitative insights were obtained from semi-structured interviews and analysed thematically to capture students' perceptions and experiences. RESULTS The analysis revealed moderate to high levels of stress, anxiety, and depression among medical students, along with decreased life satisfaction. Regression analysis showed that problem-focused coping positively impacted medical students' psychological wellbeing, whereas emotion-focused and avoidance coping showed less favourable effects. Notably, problem-focused coping partially mediated the relationship between stress and depression. Furthermore, personality traits, particularly agreeableness and conscientiousness, played a pivotal role in shaping medical students' coping strategies and mental health outcomes. Based on thematic analysis, codes gave rise to three overarching themes and corresponding subthemes. CONCLUSIONS The study underscores the significance of addressing both positive and negative factors impacting medical students' wellbeing and highlights the need for tailored support considering individual personality traits that influence coping strategies and mental health. It also identifies challenges within medical education, emphasising the necessity for stress management programs, mental health support, and curricula promoting problem-solving skills. Prioritising medical students' wellbeing may not only foster good mental health among future professionals but may also enhance future healthcare quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Ali Hawsawi
- Institute of Mental Health, Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- School of Education, Health and Behavioral Sciences, Dar Al-Hekma University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neil Nixon
- Institute of Mental Health, Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Nixon
- Institute of Mental Health, Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Ali HT, Helal A, Ismail SM, Hamdi NM, Mohamed NL, Essa AM, Mohammed M, Ebada MA. Exploring the Quality of Life of University Students in Egypt: A Cross-Sectional Survey Using the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) Assessment. Am J Health Promot 2025; 39:263-273. [PMID: 39288785 DOI: 10.1177/08901171241285094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To comprehensively assess the quality of life (QoL) of Egyptian university students. DESIGN Cross-sectional online study. SETTING Online settings of university students from August to October 2023. SUBJECTS University students aged 18-25 from various institutions in Egypt. MEASURES Physical, psychological, social, and environmental domains of the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) scale. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 27.0. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to detect significant associations while Spearman correlation was used for correlation analysis. RESULTS A total of 1930 Egyptian university students were included. Students showed outperformance in the psychological health and social relationships domains, with medians of 58 ± 20.8 and 58 ± 25, respectively, compared to physical health with a median of 46 ± 17.8 and environmental health with a median score of 16.6 ± 21.9. Non-medical students reported higher QoL scores, particularly in physical, psychological, and social domains, compared to their medical counterparts (P-values <0.001, 0.007, and 0.002, respectively). No significant differences were observed between genders in any of the domains. Academic performance satisfaction significantly correlated with higher QoL scores across all domains (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This multi-center study sheds light on diverse aspects influencing QoL of Egyptian university students. The findings underscore the importance of addressing academic stressors, promoting health behaviors, and tailoring interventions based on students' academic backgrounds with larger and more representative samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossam Tharwat Ali
- Qena Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
- Benha Students' Innovation and Research Association (BSIRA), Benha, Egypt
| | - Abdulrhman Helal
- Benha Students' Innovation and Research Association (BSIRA), Benha, Egypt
- Benha Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Suzan Mostafa Ismail
- Benha Students' Innovation and Research Association (BSIRA), Benha, Egypt
- Benha Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Nermeen Mohamed Hamdi
- Benha Students' Innovation and Research Association (BSIRA), Benha, Egypt
- Benha Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Nourhan Lashin Mohamed
- Benha Students' Innovation and Research Association (BSIRA), Benha, Egypt
- Benha Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Alaa Mohamed Essa
- Benha Students' Innovation and Research Association (BSIRA), Benha, Egypt
- Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Marwa Mohammed
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Ebada
- Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Resident, Egyptian Fellowship of Neurology, Ministry of Health and Population of Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Amamou B, Alouani S, Ben Haouala A, Alouani S, Tlili MA, Mhalla A, Zaafrane F, Gaha L. Depression among medical students in Tunisia: Prevalence and associated factors. World J Psychiatry 2023; 13:772-783. [PMID: 38058690 PMCID: PMC10696287 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v13.i10.772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical school is known for its lengthy process, which is both physically and emotionally draining. Students' mental balance would shrink as they progress in their medical training. A systematic review and meta-analysis reported that the prevalence of depressive symptoms among medical students remained relatively constant at 27.2%. AIM To assess the prevalence of depressive symptoms among Tunisian medical students and evaluate its associated factors. METHODS This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that was carried out in the second semester of the academic year 2017/2018, between April 2018 and July 2018 among 1138 medical students. Data were collected using a socio-demographic questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). RESULTS Sixty-four percent (n = 728) of the participants had depressive symptoms, of which 266 (23.4%) met the criteria for mild, 271 (23.8%) for moderate, and 191 (16.8%) for severe depressive symptoms. Female gender, low socio-economic level, smoking habits and history of mental disorder, performing leisure and physical activities, satisfaction toward a career choice, and happiness perception were the main prognostic factors for depression among medical students. Although academic grades may not be considered a prognostic factor, final-year students appeared to be less depressive than their colleagues. CONCLUSION These findings give insight into mental health issues and comorbidities among Tunisian medical students. It is a hopeful request for decision-makers and academic authorities to set serious measures and draw effective interventions to minimize the currency of psychological distress among this subpopulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Badii Amamou
- Department of Psychiatry, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Sondess Alouani
- Department of Psychiatry, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Amjed Ben Haouala
- Department of Psychiatry, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Saoussen Alouani
- Department of Psychiatry, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ayoub Tlili
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse 4002, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Mhalla
- Department of Psychiatry, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Ferid Zaafrane
- Department of Psychiatry, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Lotfi Gaha
- Department of Psychiatry, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
|
4
|
Fernandes MDSV, Mendonça CR, da Silva TMV, Noll PRES, de Abreu LC, Noll M. Relationship between depression and quality of life among students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6715. [PMID: 37185375 PMCID: PMC10126541 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33584-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this systematic review were to estimate the prevalence of depression and to identify the relationship between depression and quality of life (QOL) among high school and university students. Literature search was performed in the Scopus, Embase, PubMed, Scielo, CINAHL and Web of Science databases, following the PRISMA methodology. The results were presented through descriptive approaches and meta-analysis. Thirty-six studies met the eligibility criteria, and twenty-six were included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 27% (95% CI 0.21-0.33) among students, being high school and university students was 25% (95% CI 0.14-0.37) and 27% (95% CI 0.20-0.34), respectively, and most studies have shown that depression was associated with low QOL. Among the limitations of the study is the difficulty of generalizing the results found, considering the large sample of health students. New studies should be conducted considering the severity, duration, and patterns of depressive symptoms in high school and university students, to better understand the relationship between depression and QOL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele da Silva Valadão Fernandes
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, GO-154, Km 03, Ceres, Goiás, 76300-000, Brazil.
- Rede Estadual e Municipal de Educação de São Luís de Montes Belos, Ceres, Goiás, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Priscilla Rayanne E Silva Noll
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, GO-154, Km 03, Ceres, Goiás, 76300-000, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Matias Noll
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, GO-154, Km 03, Ceres, Goiás, 76300-000, Brazil.
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
|
5
|
Pattanaseri K, Atsariyasing W, Pornnoppadol C, Sanguanpanich N, Srifuengfung M. Mental problems and risk factors for depression among medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30629. [PMID: 36197195 PMCID: PMC9508947 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevalence of depression is high among medical students and several mental problems are identified as risk factors. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic causes difficulties that could adversely affect mental health. However, data concerning prevalence of mental problems, and whether or not these problems remain risk factors for depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in medical students are scarce. To investigate the prevalence of depression, social media addiction, game addiction, sleep quality, eating disorder risk, and perceived stress among Thai medical students, risk factors for depression were investigated. Online surveys via our faculty's learning portals were advertized to medical students who engaged online learning and 224 respondents provided complete data. Study-related medical students' data were collected using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for depression, the Social-Media Addiction Screening Scale for social media addiction, the Game Addiction Screening Test for game addiction, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index for sleep quality, the Eating Attitudes Test for eating disorder risk, and the Perceived Stress Scale for perceived stress. Depression was reported in 35.7% of medical students, social-media addiction in 22.3%, game addiction in 4.5%, eating disorder risk in 4.9%, poor sleep quality in 80.8%, and moderate-to-high perceived stress in 71.4%. The independent predictors of depression were lower grade point average, social media addiction, and moderate-to-high perceived stress. A high prevalence of depression, stress, and poor sleep was found among medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Medical students who are stressed, have lower grades, and/or who are addicted to social media warrant depression screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keerati Pattanaseri
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanlop Atsariyasing
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chanvit Pornnoppadol
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Naratip Sanguanpanich
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Maytinee Srifuengfung
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Maytinee Srifuengfung, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand (e-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|
|
6
|
Chiddaycha M, Wainipitapong S. Mental health among Thai medical students: Preadmission evaluation and service utilization. Health Sci Rep 2021; 4:e416. [PMID: 34646944 PMCID: PMC8501376 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mental illness among medical students is common. Identifying at-risk students can be beneficial in terms of prevention and treatment. This study examined the association between preadmission mental health evaluation and mental health service utilization among Thai medical students. METHODS The authors collected data from all first- to sixth-year students at one university hospital and three affiliated hospitals during the 2014 to 2019 academic year (n = 1642). Preadmission mental health was evaluated using the Thai Mental Health Indicators 66 (TMHI-66) questionnaire. Data from mental health service utilization included the dates of service and the clinical diagnosis. Data were analyzed using Cox regression, adjusted for sex, hometown, and affiliated hospital. RESULTS The prevalence of poor mental health was found to be 3.7% based on TMHI-66 results. The proportion of all students who sought mental health services was 8.3%, and they were mostly diagnosed with depressive disorder (3%), adjustment disorder (1.9%), and anxiety disorder (1.9%). Students with positive TMHI-66 results were more likely to seek out services at the faculty counseling center for one or more mental health problems (Hazard ratio [HR] = 2.11, 95% CI 1.11-4.04, P = .024). CONCLUSION Preadmission mental health was found to be associated with mental health service utilization. Depressive disorder was the most frequent mental illness among Thai medical students utilizing the faculty counseling services. Still, the number was far lower than the reported prevalence of mental disorders due to various reasons. Further studies are needed to investigate risk and protective factors for mental disorders to better promote mental health and encourage mental health service utilization in targeted students throughout medical education.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayteewat Chiddaycha
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineChulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, the Thai Red Cross SocietyBangkokThailand
| | - Sorawit Wainipitapong
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineChulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, the Thai Red Cross SocietyBangkokThailand
| |
Collapse
|
|
7
|
Shawahna R, Hijaz H, Jallad K, Abushamma M, Sawafta M. Prevalence of overactive bladder symptoms and their impact on health-related quality of life of medical and dentistry students: a multicenter cross-sectional study. BMC Urol 2021; 21:142. [PMID: 34625087 PMCID: PMC8497683 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-021-00909-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Overactive bladder (OAB) is a popular distressing health condition that has negative impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of the inflicted individuals. This multicenter study was conducted to determine the prevalence of OAB symptoms and their impact on the HRQoL of medical and dentistry students. Methods This study was conducted in a cross-sectional design in the 3 main universities in Palestine. In addition to the sociodemographic, health, and academic characteristics of the medical and dentistry students, the questionnaire also contained the OAB symptom bother (6-items) and HRQoL (13-items) Short-Form (OAB-q SF) scales. Kruskal–Wallis test, Mann–Whitney U test, Pearson Chi-Square/Fisher's Exact Test, Spearman’s rank correlations, and a multiple linear regression model were used to analyze the data. Results Responses were collected from medical and dentistry students (n = 402). The median OAB symptom bother score was 54.1 [44.8, 81.9] and the median HRQoL score was 94.4 [88.4, 94.4]. There was a strong negative correlation between the OAB and HRQoL scores (Spearman’s rho = 64.4%, p value < 0.001). OAB scores were significantly higher among dentistry students, females, who had chronic disease, and those who reported stressful life. HRQoL scores were significantly higher among medicine students, those who reported less stressful life, and those who reported satisfaction with their social life. Dentistry students, female, and those who self-reported high stress were 1.94-fold (95% CI 1.05, 3.56), 1.91-fold (95% CI 1.16, 3.14), and 1.88-fold (95% CI 1.21, 2.91) more likely to report less than optimal HRQoL compared to medicine students, male, and those who self-reported low stress, respectively. Conclusions Our findings suggested that OAB symptoms were prevalent among medical and dentistry students across Palestinian universities. Decision makers in academia, healthcare authorities, and advocacy groups might need to design appropriate interventions to address health and wellbeing issues of medical and dentistry students. Using appropriate diagnostic procedures, reducing stress, and improving the social life might help in reducing the burden on OAB and improve the HRQoL of medical and dentistry students. More investigations should be conducted to investigate if such interventions are effective in reducing OAB symptoms and improving HRQoL. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12894-021-00909-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi Shawahna
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, New Campus, Building: 19, Office: 1340, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine. .,An-Najah BioSciences Unit, Centre for Poison Control, Chemical and Biological Analysis, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
| | - Hatim Hijaz
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.,An-Najah National University Hospital, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Khaled Jallad
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Mohammad Abushamma
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Mothana Sawafta
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| |
Collapse
|
|
8
|
Almhdawi KA, Kanaan SF, Khader Y, Al-Hourani Z, Al-Jarrah MD, Almomani F, Alqhazo MT. Mental and physical health-related quality of life and their associated factors among students of a comprehensive allied health institution. Work 2021; 70:63-73. [PMID: 34602492 DOI: 10.3233/wor-205226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare students are subjected to critical levels of mental and physical stress that might hinder their quality of life. OBJECTIVES This study comprehensively investigated physical and mental Health-related Quality of Life (HR-QoL) and their associated factors among Allied Health (AH) students of nine academic majors. METHODS Participants completed anonymous questionnaire included demographics and life style, HR-QoL measured by the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS21), and Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. SF-12 Physical (PCS) and Mental (MCS) Components Summary scores were compared between gender and between academic majors. Multiple linear regressions were conducted to examine factor associated with PCS and MCS scores. RESULTS A total of 838 students (77.4% females) participated in the study. The overall PCS was 45.64±7.93 and statistically different between majors (P < 0.001). The Overall MCS score was 39.45±10.86 and statistically greater in males (P < 0.001). PCS scores were significantly associated with anxiety score, GPA, diet self-evaluation, and upper back and hip musculoskeletal pain. MCS scores were significantly associated with weekly clinical training hours, stress score, depression score, gender, university year, GPA, sleep self-evaluation, diet self-evaluation, and neck musculoskeletal pain. CONCLUSIONS Low levels of mental and physical HR-QoL were observed among AH students and were associated with academic-related, health-related, and lifestyle-related factors. Longitudinal studies are needed to assess effective approaches to improve HR-QoL among AH students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khader A Almhdawi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences-Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
| | - Saddam F Kanaan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences-Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
| | - Yousef Khader
- Professor of Epidemiology, Medical Education and Biostatistics, Faculty Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
| | - Zeid Al-Hourani
- Department of Applied Dental Science-Dental Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
| | - Muhammed D Al-Jarrah
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences-Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
| | - Fidaa Almomani
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences-Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
| | - Mazin T Alqhazo
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences-Speech Pathology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
|
9
|
Cangussu Silva A, Ezequiel OS, Lucchetti ALG, DiLalla LF, Lucchetti G. Empathy, well-being, and mental health: do gender differences diminish by the end of medical school? Women Health 2020; 61:254-264. [PMID: 33323060 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2020.1859664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate if medical students demonstrate differences related to gender in terms of empathy, burnout, tolerance, openness to spirituality, well-being, and mental health, and to examine whether these differences vary across levels of medical training. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the first semester of 2015 in a Brazilian medical school. The following were evaluated: quality of life (WHOQOL-Bref), burnout (Oldenburg), mental health (DASS-21), empathy (Empathy Inventory and ESWIM), and tolerance, well-being, and openness to spirituality (ESWIM). We investigated how these outcomes varied in terms of gender, stage of medical training, and its interaction using a two-way MANOVA. A total of 776 students were included and important differences were observed. As medical training advanced, the differences between genders that were present during students' initial years (greater empathy, worse quality of life, and worse mental health among women) tended to become nonsignificant during the clerkship years. In addition, a significant interaction between stage and gender was found for ESWIM Wellness; WHOQOL; DASS Anxiety and DASS Stress. These results may denote a shortcoming in the way medical schools approach gender differences. Educators should consider these findings when restructuring curricula to respect gender differences, thus fostering their respective potentials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Oscarina Silva Ezequiel
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz De Fora, Brazil
| | | | - Lisabeth F DiLalla
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Giancarlo Lucchetti
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz De Fora, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
|
10
|
Akhtar P, Ma L, Waqas A, Naveed S, Li Y, Rahman A, Wang Y. Prevalence of depression among university students in low and middle income countries (LMICs): a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2020; 274:911-919. [PMID: 32664032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Though university years are peak time for the onset of many mental health problems including depression, knowledge on the prevalence of depressive symptoms among university students in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) is limited. This study examined the prevalence of depressive symptoms among university students in LMICs. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, and WHO Global Health Library for studies published between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2018. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies conducted in LMICs (as defined by World Bank), having a sample size≥500 and published in English were identified. Data on study characteristics and prevalence of depressive symptoms was extracted by two investigators. Estimate of prevalence was pooled in meta-analysis using random-effects meta-analysis. Sub-group differences were estimated using mixed-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression. RESULTS Depressive symptoms prevalence data were extracted from 37 studies involving 76,608 individuals in 20 countries. Studies on depression among university students in LMICs were limited, and most were based on non-representative and small study samples. The overall prevalence of depressive symptoms was 24.4% (95% CI, 19.2% -30.5%). Subgroup analysis revealed that the prevalence did not vary by study design, sampling technique, sample size, study major, educational level, economic regions, and screening instrument. LIMITATIONS Only English language studies were included. Included studies were diverse in design, screening tool, and sample size that introduced substantial heterogeneity. CONCLUSION Overall prevalence of depressive symptoms among university students in LMICs was 24.4%, however, finding should be interpreted with caution. Further research is needed to address the issue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Akhtar
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lu Ma
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ahmed Waqas
- Human Development Research Foundation, Pakistan
| | - Sadiq Naveed
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Yixuan Li
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Atif Rahman
- Institute of Life and Human Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Youfa Wang
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China; Fisher Institute of Health and Well-Being, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Health, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA..
| |
Collapse
|
|
11
|
Ghassab-Abdollahi N, Shakouri SK, Aghdam AT, Farshbaf-Khalili A, Abdolalipour S, Farshbaf-Khalili A. Association of quality of life with physical activity, depression, and demographic characteristics and its predictors among medical students. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2020; 9:147. [PMID: 32766332 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical students face a variety of challenges during their years of medical education that can affect their quality of life (QOL). This study aimed to investigate the association of QOL with physical activity (PA), depression, and demographic characteristics, as well as to determine its predictors among medical students in different stages of education. METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 186 medical students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in different educational stages including basic sciences, physiopathology, externship, and internship using stratified random sampling method. Data were collected using demographic questionnaire, International PA Questionnaire, World Health Organization QOL Questionnaire, and Beck depression inventory-2. Data analysis was performed using SPSS/Ver 23 through descriptive and analytic statistics including one-way analysis of variance, independent t-test, Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficient, and multivariate linear regression model. RESULTS There were significant differences in total score of QOL among students in different stages (P < 0.05). There were indirect significant correlations between total score of QOL (β [confidence interval 95%]:-0.85 [-1.11--0.59]) and its all subdomains with Beck depression score but direct significant correlations with total PA (P < 0.05) except for social relationship. Educational stage, employment status, family income, inhabitant, moderate PA, and depression were the predictors of QOL and altogether explained 63% of its variance. CONCLUSIONS To pay attention to the predictors of QOL, life among medical students seems necessary for increasing their QOL to provide high-quality care for people with disabilities as well as for the whole community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Ghassab-Abdollahi
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Public Health and Management, School of Public Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Kazem Shakouri
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Somayeh Abdolalipour
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Azizeh Farshbaf-Khalili
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
|
12
|
An Exploratory Study of Quality of Life and Its Relationship with Academic Performance among Students in Medical and other Health Professions. Med Sci (Basel) 2020; 8:medsci8020023. [PMID: 32527019 PMCID: PMC7353549 DOI: 10.3390/medsci8020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Quality of life (QOL) is a broader concept which represents experiences, states, appraisals, behaviors, capacities and emotional reactions to circumstances. The study aimed to evaluate the differences in various domains of QOL among the students of five schools (medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine, pharmacy and nursing) and an optometry unit in the Faculty of Medical Sciences, Trinidad and Tobago. Further, the study evaluated the factors (sociodemographic variables and academic performance) predictive of physical, psychological, social and environment domains of quality of life. The research tool consisted of a validated questionnaire which had two sections; (1) sociodemographics inclusive of students' cumulative grade point average and (2) the shorter version of WHO quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF). The data were transformed into a linear scale and exported into the IBM SPSS version 24 where t-tests, one-way ANOVA and stepwise regression were performed. Of the total 535 participants, most 383 (71.6%) were females. While comparing the differences in the domains of QOL that existed based on the schools (professions) they were enrolled, significant differences were recorded for physical (p < 0.05), psychological (p < 0.05) social (p < 0.05) and environmental domains (p < 0.05). Though the domains of physical health, psychological health and environment showed a significant association with the academic performance of students, the social domain had no such relationship. The overall quality of life has a positive connection with the academic performance of students in medical and health professions. Therefore, universities and all stakeholders involved in health professions need to play a critical role to ensure the students in health professions maintain a high QOL. At the same time, there is a great need for extra attention for students who showed poor academic performance in the previous semester to bring them on track.
Collapse
|
|
13
|
Ghassab-Abdollahi N, Shakouri SK, Aghdam AT, Farshbaf-Khalili A, Abdolalipour S, Farshbaf-Khalili A. Association of quality of life with physical activity, depression, and demographic characteristics and its predictors among medical students. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2020; 9:147. [PMID: 32766332 PMCID: PMC7377133 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_91_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical students face a variety of challenges during their years of medical education that can affect their quality of life (QOL). This study aimed to investigate the association of QOL with physical activity (PA), depression, and demographic characteristics, as well as to determine its predictors among medical students in different stages of education. METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 186 medical students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in different educational stages including basic sciences, physiopathology, externship, and internship using stratified random sampling method. Data were collected using demographic questionnaire, International PA Questionnaire, World Health Organization QOL Questionnaire, and Beck depression inventory-2. Data analysis was performed using SPSS/Ver 23 through descriptive and analytic statistics including one-way analysis of variance, independent t-test, Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficient, and multivariate linear regression model. RESULTS There were significant differences in total score of QOL among students in different stages (P < 0.05). There were indirect significant correlations between total score of QOL (β [confidence interval 95%]:-0.85 [-1.11--0.59]) and its all subdomains with Beck depression score but direct significant correlations with total PA (P < 0.05) except for social relationship. Educational stage, employment status, family income, inhabitant, moderate PA, and depression were the predictors of QOL and altogether explained 63% of its variance. CONCLUSIONS To pay attention to the predictors of QOL, life among medical students seems necessary for increasing their QOL to provide high-quality care for people with disabilities as well as for the whole community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Ghassab-Abdollahi
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Public Health and Management, School of Public Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Kazem Shakouri
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Somayeh Abdolalipour
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Azizeh Farshbaf-Khalili
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Azizeh Farshbaf-Khalili, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
|
14
|
Zhong X, Liu Y, Pu J, Tian L, Gui S, Song X, Xu S, Zhou X, Wang H, Zhou W, Chen J, Qi X, Xie P. Depressive symptoms and quality of life among Chinese medical postgraduates: a national cross-sectional study. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2019; 24:1015-1027. [PMID: 31179736 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2019.1626453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
High workloads and heavy academic pressure can have significant implications for the risk for depression and poor quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to investigate QoL and depressive symptoms in medical students undergoing postgraduate neurology specialty training in China. The survey covered demographic characteristics, the 8-itemMedical Outcomes Study Short-Formquestionnaire (SF-8), and the 2-itemPrimary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders depression screening tool. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the determinants of QoL and depressive symptoms. Participants were 1,814 postgraduates from 249 hospitals in 27 Chinese provinces. The mean SF-8 physical and mental component summary scores were 78.17 (standard deviation [SD] 15.20) and 68.33 (SD 17.15), respectively. One-third of respondents had depressive symptoms, and those without depressive symptoms had significantly higher QoL scores. The multivariate regression analysis showed that factors independently associated with depressive symptoms were being in the second year of study, a lower household income, and less sleep time. Although QoL among our sample of Chinese medical students undergoing postgraduate neurology specialty training was favorable relative to other comparable populations, one-third of respondents had depressive symptoms. Accurate measures should be taken to change this situation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Zhong
- a School of Public Health and Management , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,b Institute of Neuroscience , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Yiyun Liu
- b Institute of Neuroscience , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,c Department of Neurology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Juncai Pu
- b Institute of Neuroscience , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,c Department of Neurology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Lu Tian
- a School of Public Health and Management , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,b Institute of Neuroscience , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Siwen Gui
- b Institute of Neuroscience , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,d College of Biomedical Engineering , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Xuemian Song
- b Institute of Neuroscience , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,d College of Biomedical Engineering , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Shaohua Xu
- b Institute of Neuroscience , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,c Department of Neurology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- b Institute of Neuroscience , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,c Department of Neurology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- b Institute of Neuroscience , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,d College of Biomedical Engineering , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Wei Zhou
- a School of Public Health and Management , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,b Institute of Neuroscience , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- b Institute of Neuroscience , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,c Department of Neurology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Xunzhong Qi
- b Institute of Neuroscience , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,c Department of Neurology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Peng Xie
- a School of Public Health and Management , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,b Institute of Neuroscience , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,c Department of Neurology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,e China Neurologist Association, Chinese Medical Doctor Association , Beijing , China
| |
Collapse
|
|
15
|
Mental health and quality of life of Brazilian medical students: Incidence, prevalence, and associated factors within two years of follow-up. Psychiatry Res 2019; 274:306-312. [PMID: 30831455 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Medical students' mental health and quality of life (QoL) cause growing concern worldwide, but, to date, few longitudinal studies have followed these students. Our objective was to evaluate the incidence, prevalence, and factors associated with quality of life and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress of Brazilian medical students who were followed for a period of two years. Students' mental health (DASS-21), QoL (WHOQOL-Bref), and religiousness (DUREL) were evaluated in four different waves(four semesters). A total of 312 (54.2%) medical students responded to all four waves. Medical students demonstrated a high prevalence and incidence of emotional disorders. Almost half of the students presented high levels of depression, anxiety, and stress during the two-year follow-up; approximately one out of five students without symptoms at the baseline were considered new cases and these problems have a cyclical nature. Baseline factors such as depression, anxiety, stress, having low income, being female, being in the early stages of medical training and non-white were associated with poorer mental health and quality of life in the follow-up. Our results show that medical students have a high prevalence and incidence of mental health disorders during their medical training. This data may help educators plan preventive strategies.
Collapse
|
|
16
|
Peres MFP, de Oliveira AB, Leão FC, Vallada H, Moreira-Almeida A, Lucchetti G. Religious landscape in Brazil: Comparing different representative nationwide approaches to obtain sensitive information in healthcare research. SSM Popul Health 2018; 6:85-90. [PMID: 30246139 PMCID: PMC6142372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the basis of religious studies start with demographics, nation-wide data are often extracted from face-to-face interviews (leading to a social-desirability bias) and in studies not originally designed to assess religion. This study aims to understand the religious landscape in Brazil and to investigate the feasibility of carrying out a representative nation-wide survey without interviewers, comparing it with other representative face-to-face surveys. We conducted a nationwide online survey representing all regions in Brazil. These results were compared with five other Brazilian representative surveys. A total of 1169 individuals completed the online questionnaires. The percentage of participants according to the gender and in relation to the Brazilian region was quite similar for all surveys. However, the online survey had the higher level of education among all surveys. In relation to the religious characteristics, the percentage of each variable varied from survey to survey. Those surveys originally designed to assess religion tended to yield more religious affiliations and less ceiling effects. The online survey was able to identify more diverse religious affiliations and more balanced responses in the religious attendance and importance of religion in life. The present study found that, even in nation-wide representative surveys, there are important differences in the results obtained while investigating religion. These differences could be associated with the type of data collection (face-to-face and online), the design of the study (originally designed to investigate religion or not) and options and the type of the questions used.
Self-administered questionnaires avoid social desirability bias. This study found important differences while investigating religion among nationwide surveys. Online survey identifies more religious affiliations and more balanced responses in variables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Fernando Prieto Peres
- PROSER, Programa de Espiritualidade e Religiosidade, Instituto de Psiquiatra, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Frederico Camelo Leão
- PROSER, Programa de Espiritualidade e Religiosidade, Instituto de Psiquiatra, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Homero Vallada
- PROSER, Programa de Espiritualidade e Religiosidade, Instituto de Psiquiatra, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
17
|
Rotenstein LS, Ramos MA, Torre M, Segal JB, Peluso MJ, Guille C, Sen S, Mata DA. Prevalence of Depression, Depressive Symptoms, and Suicidal Ideation Among Medical Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA 2016; 316:2214-2236. [PMID: 27923088 PMCID: PMC5613659 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2016.17324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1313] [Impact Index Per Article: 145.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Medical students are at high risk for depression and suicidal ideation. However, the prevalence estimates of these disorders vary between studies. OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of depression, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation in medical students. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION Systematic search of EMBASE, ERIC, MEDLINE, psycARTICLES, and psycINFO without language restriction for studies on the prevalence of depression, depressive symptoms, or suicidal ideation in medical students published before September 17, 2016. Studies that were published in the peer-reviewed literature and used validated assessment methods were included. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Information on study characteristics; prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation; and whether students who screened positive for depression sought treatment was extracted independently by 3 investigators. Estimates were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. Differences by study-level characteristics were estimated using stratified meta-analysis and meta-regression. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Point or period prevalence of depression, depressive symptoms, or suicidal ideation as assessed by validated questionnaire or structured interview. RESULTS Depression or depressive symptom prevalence data were extracted from 167 cross-sectional studies (n = 116 628) and 16 longitudinal studies (n = 5728) from 43 countries. All but 1 study used self-report instruments. The overall pooled crude prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms was 27.2% (37 933/122 356 individuals; 95% CI, 24.7% to 29.9%, I2 = 98.9%). Summary prevalence estimates ranged across assessment modalities from 9.3% to 55.9%. Depressive symptom prevalence remained relatively constant over the period studied (baseline survey year range of 1982-2015; slope, 0.2% increase per year [95% CI, -0.2% to 0.7%]). In the 9 longitudinal studies that assessed depressive symptoms before and during medical school (n = 2432), the median absolute increase in symptoms was 13.5% (range, 0.6% to 35.3%). Prevalence estimates did not significantly differ between studies of only preclinical students and studies of only clinical students (23.7% [95% CI, 19.5% to 28.5%] vs 22.4% [95% CI, 17.6% to 28.2%]; P = .72). The percentage of medical students screening positive for depression who sought psychiatric treatment was 15.7% (110/954 individuals; 95% CI, 10.2% to 23.4%, I2 = 70.1%). Suicidal ideation prevalence data were extracted from 24 cross-sectional studies (n = 21 002) from 15 countries. All but 1 study used self-report instruments. The overall pooled crude prevalence of suicidal ideation was 11.1% (2043/21 002 individuals; 95% CI, 9.0% to 13.7%, I2 = 95.8%). Summary prevalence estimates ranged across assessment modalities from 7.4% to 24.2%. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this systematic review, the summary estimate of the prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms among medical students was 27.2% and that of suicidal ideation was 11.1%. Further research is needed to identify strategies for preventing and treating these disorders in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa S Rotenstein
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts2Harvard Business School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marco A Ramos
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Matthew Torre
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts4Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Michael J Peluso
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts5Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Constance Guille
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Srijan Sen
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor8Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Douglas A Mata
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts9Division of MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts10Brigham Education Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
|
18
|
Rotenstein LS, Ramos MA, Torre M, Segal JB, Peluso MJ, Guille C, Sen S, Mata DA. Prevalence of Depression, Depressive Symptoms, and Suicidal Ideation Among Medical Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA 2016. [PMID: 27923088 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2016.17324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Importance Medical students are at high risk for depression and suicidal ideation. However, the prevalence estimates of these disorders vary between studies. Objective To estimate the prevalence of depression, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation in medical students. Data Sources and Study Selection Systematic search of EMBASE, ERIC, MEDLINE, psycARTICLES, and psycINFO without language restriction for studies on the prevalence of depression, depressive symptoms, or suicidal ideation in medical students published before September 17, 2016. Studies that were published in the peer-reviewed literature and used validated assessment methods were included. Data Extraction and Synthesis Information on study characteristics; prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation; and whether students who screened positive for depression sought treatment was extracted independently by 3 investigators. Estimates were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. Differences by study-level characteristics were estimated using stratified meta-analysis and meta-regression. Main Outcomes and Measures Point or period prevalence of depression, depressive symptoms, or suicidal ideation as assessed by validated questionnaire or structured interview. Results Depression or depressive symptom prevalence data were extracted from 167 cross-sectional studies (n = 116 628) and 16 longitudinal studies (n = 5728) from 43 countries. All but 1 study used self-report instruments. The overall pooled crude prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms was 27.2% (37 933/122 356 individuals; 95% CI, 24.7% to 29.9%, I2 = 98.9%). Summary prevalence estimates ranged across assessment modalities from 9.3% to 55.9%. Depressive symptom prevalence remained relatively constant over the period studied (baseline survey year range of 1982-2015; slope, 0.2% increase per year [95% CI, -0.2% to 0.7%]). In the 9 longitudinal studies that assessed depressive symptoms before and during medical school (n = 2432), the median absolute increase in symptoms was 13.5% (range, 0.6% to 35.3%). Prevalence estimates did not significantly differ between studies of only preclinical students and studies of only clinical students (23.7% [95% CI, 19.5% to 28.5%] vs 22.4% [95% CI, 17.6% to 28.2%]; P = .72). The percentage of medical students screening positive for depression who sought psychiatric treatment was 15.7% (110/954 individuals; 95% CI, 10.2% to 23.4%, I2 = 70.1%). Suicidal ideation prevalence data were extracted from 24 cross-sectional studies (n = 21 002) from 15 countries. All but 1 study used self-report instruments. The overall pooled crude prevalence of suicidal ideation was 11.1% (2043/21 002 individuals; 95% CI, 9.0% to 13.7%, I2 = 95.8%). Summary prevalence estimates ranged across assessment modalities from 7.4% to 24.2%. Conclusions and Relevance In this systematic review, the summary estimate of the prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms among medical students was 27.2% and that of suicidal ideation was 11.1%. Further research is needed to identify strategies for preventing and treating these disorders in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa S Rotenstein
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts2Harvard Business School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marco A Ramos
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Matthew Torre
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts4Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Michael J Peluso
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts5Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Constance Guille
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Srijan Sen
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor8Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Douglas A Mata
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts9Division of MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts10Brigham Education Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|