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Emery H, Zuj DV, Palmer MA, Honan CA. Emotion perception and online awareness following alcohol-intoxication: investigating possible deficits using the complex audio visual emotion assessment task. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2025; 242:703-716. [PMID: 39652150 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06725-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2025]
Abstract
RATIONALE Alcohol-intoxication is implicated in negative social behaviours, however the mechanisms underlying this relationship are poorly understood. Impaired emotion perception following alcohol consumption may partially account for this link, however limited methodology in prior studies undermines the efficacy of this explanation. OBJECTIVES The current study investigated the effect of acute moderate-dose alcohol-intoxication on basic and compound emotion perception abilities using contextualised video vignettes. Self-appraisals of performance accuracy were also investigated. METHODS Sixty-eight participants consumed a beverage containing either (a) an alcohol dose calculated to achieve a BrAC of 0.08%, or (b) a placebo. The Complex Audio-Visual Emotion Assessment Task (CAVEAT) was used to assess emotion perception ability. Anticipatory performance accuracy and emergent confidence judgements were made on the CAVEAT. RESULTS There were no significant between-group differences on emotion perception ability and emergent confidence judgements. However, anticipatory performance accuracy was more aligned to actual performance in the alcohol intoxication group compared to the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these results suggest that (1) deficits in perception of facial emotional expressions following alcohol intoxication may not be as pronounced as originally suspected; and (2) the questioning of performance accuracy may prompt intoxicated individuals to anticipate poorer emotion perception performance, which may lead to better monitoring of-and improvements in-task performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Emery
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, 7250, Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Daniel V Zuj
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, 7250, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Matthew A Palmer
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Cynthia A Honan
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, 7250, Tasmania, Australia
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Beck V, Brooks JL, Stephens R. The effect of swearing on error-related negativity as an indicator for state disinhibition. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2025:17470218241308560. [PMID: 39654263 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241308560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2025]
Abstract
Swearing has been linked to increased strength performance, and state disinhibition may be the mechanism linking swearing and strength. Error-related negativity (ERN) is a neural signal associated with response monitoring. Its reduction has been proposed as neural marker for state disinhibition, and therefore, we predicted that swearing would lead to a decreased ERN compared with neutral word repetition, indicating state disinhibition. The study (N = 52) used a within-subjects experimental design with two conditions. Participants repeated either a swear or neutral word aloud for 10 s before engaging in an arrowhead flanker task, a grip strength task, and several questionnaires. ERN was measured continually using electroencephalography (EEG). The study replicated previously found effects of swearing on strength, humour, positive emotion, and distraction. In addition, swearing was found to have a significant effect on state behavioural activation (BAS drive). However, results indicated no significant difference between conditions on ERN amplitude. This pre-registered study has confirmed that, relative to a neutral word, repeating a swear word leads to increased performance on a grip strength task while also confirming effects of swearing on positive emotion, humour, and distraction. Its novel contribution is confirming that swearing raises state behavioural activation. This supports application of Hirsh et al.'s state disinhibition theory to swearing to some extent, although the absence of any effect of swearing on ERN limits this interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venja Beck
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies (IIS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Shenoy AA, Praharaj SK, Rai S, Nayak KR, Sasidharan A, Palaniswamy HP, Suryavanshi CA, Sharma S, Shreekantiah U, Marigowda V. Development and Validation of a Culturally Adapted, Event-related Potential Paradigm for Assessing Alcohol Cue Reactivity and Error Processing in Alcohol Dependence. Indian J Psychol Med 2024:02537176241266879. [PMID: 39564260 PMCID: PMC11572319 DOI: 10.1177/02537176241266879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Research on event-related potentials (ERP) in addiction highlights the importance of cognitive ERP markers, such as P300 and error-related negativity (ERN), in distinguishing between alcohol-dependent patients and healthy controls. We aimed to develop and validate ERP paradigms utilizing culturally validated stimuli to evoke P300 and ERN for the Indian population. Methods In a cross-sectional study, 16 alcohol-dependent patients and age-matched healthy controls were recruited. For P300, we designed a visual oddball (Go/No-Go) task using culturally appropriate alcohol and non-alcohol-related images. To study ERN, we used the Assessing Neurocognition via Gamified Experimental Logic (ANGEL) task, developed in India, integrating its "game" levels to capture error monitoring with fewer trials. A 32-channel EEG-ERP system was used for data acquisition. Results Participants showed high engagement in the visual Go/No-Go task, with 94.4% accuracy. The P300 difference wave showed significantly higher amplitudes (p = .01, Cohen's d = 0.97) and latencies (p < .001, Cohen's d = 1.62) in patients compared to controls at the Pz electrode. No significant group differences were found in accuracy or reaction times for frequent and rare stimuli. In the ANGEL task, patients had a significantly lower ERN difference wave amplitude at the Pz electrode than controls (p < .001, Cohen's d = 1.47), with no latency differences. Task accuracy was lower, and reaction time was longer in patients. Conclusions The visual Go/No-Go task and the ANGEL task are promising tools for understanding the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying alcohol dependence in the Indian context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupa Arunkumar Shenoy
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Samir Kumar Praharaj
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Clinical Research Center for Neuromodulation in Psychiatry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shweta Rai
- Dept. of Clinical Psychology, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Kirtana R Nayak
- Dept. of Physiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Arun Sasidharan
- Centre for Consciousness Studies, Dept. of Neurophysiology, NIMHANS, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Hari Prakash Palaniswamy
- Dept. of Speech and Hearing, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Chinmay Ajit Suryavanshi
- Dept. of Physiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sumit Sharma
- Axxonet Brain Research Laboratory, Axxonet System Technologies Pvt Ltd, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Umesh Shreekantiah
- Dept. of Psychiatry, K. S. Mani Centre for Cognitive Neurosciences & MRI Centre, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Vrinda Marigowda
- Axxonet Brain Research Laboratory, Axxonet System Technologies Pvt Ltd, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Opdenaker J, Blinch J, Scolari M. Post-error adjustments occur in both reaching and grasping. Exp Brain Res 2024; 242:1495-1505. [PMID: 38704771 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-024-06836-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Post-error slowing (PES), the tendency to slow down a behavioral response after a previous error, has typically been investigated during simple cognitive tasks using response time as a measure of PES magnitude. More recently, PES was investigated during a single reach-to-grasp task to determine where post-error adjustments are employed in a more ecological setting. Kinematic analyses in the previous study detected PES during pre-movement planning and within the grasping component of movement execution. In the current study (N = 22), we increased the cognitive demands of a reach-to-grasp task by adding a choice between target and distractor locations to further explore PES, and other post-error adjustments, under different task conditions. We observed a significant main effect of task condition on overall reaction time (RT); however, it did not significantly impact PES or other post-error adjustments. Nonetheless, the results of this study suggest post-error adjustment is a flexible process that can be observed during pre-movement planning and within the onset and magnitude of the reaching component, as well as in the magnitudes of the grasping component. Considering the sum of the results in the context of existing literature, we conclude that the findings add support to a functional account of error reactivity, such that post-error adjustments are implemented intentionally to improve performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Opdenaker
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Jarrod Blinch
- Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas Tech University, Box 43011, Lubbock, TX, 79409,, USA.
| | - Miranda Scolari
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Kalelkar A, Sipe G, Castro E Costa AR, Lorenzo IM, Nguyen M, Linares-Garcia I, Vazey E, Huda R. A paradigm for ethanol consumption in head-fixed mice during prefrontal cortical two-photon calcium imaging. Neuropharmacology 2024; 245:109800. [PMID: 38056524 PMCID: PMC11292593 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a hub for cognitive behaviors and is a key target for neuroadaptations in alcohol use disorders. Recent advances in genetically encoded sensors and functional microscopy allow multimodal in vivo PFC activity recordings at subcellular and cellular scales. While these methods could enable a deeper understanding of the relationship between alcohol and PFC function/dysfunction, they typically require animals to be head-fixed. Here, we present a method in mice for binge-like ethanol consumption during head-fixation. Male and female mice were first acclimated to ethanol by providing home cage access to 20% ethanol (v/v) for 4 or 8 days. After home cage drinking, mice consumed ethanol from a lick spout during head-fixation. We used two-photon calcium imaging during the head-fixed drinking paradigm to record from a large population of PFC neurons (>1000) to explore how acute ethanol affects their activity. Drinking exerted temporally heterogeneous effects on PFC activity at single neuron and population levels. Intoxication modulated the tonic activity of some neurons while others showed phasic responses around ethanol receipt. Population level activity did not show tonic or phasic modulation but tracked ethanol consumption over the minute-timescale. Network level interactions assessed through between-neuron pairwise correlations were largely resilient to intoxication at the population level while neurons with increased tonic activity showed higher synchrony by the end of the drinking period. By establishing a method for binge-like drinking in head-fixed mice, we lay the groundwork for leveraging advanced microscopy technologies to study alcohol-induced neuroadaptations in PFC and other brain circuits. This article is part of the Special Issue on "PFC circuit function in psychiatric disease and relevant models".
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Affiliation(s)
- Anagha Kalelkar
- WM Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University - New Brunswick, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08904, USA
| | - Grayson Sipe
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ana Raquel Castro E Costa
- WM Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University - New Brunswick, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08904, USA
| | - Ilka M Lorenzo
- WM Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University - New Brunswick, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08904, USA
| | - My Nguyen
- WM Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University - New Brunswick, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08904, USA
| | - Ivan Linares-Garcia
- WM Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University - New Brunswick, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08904, USA
| | - Elena Vazey
- Department of Biology, The University of Massachusetts Amherst, 611 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Rafiq Huda
- WM Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University - New Brunswick, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08904, USA.
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Overmeyer R, Kirschner H, Fischer AG, Endrass T. Unraveling the influence of trial-based motivational changes on performance monitoring stages in a flanker task. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19180. [PMID: 37932359 PMCID: PMC10628251 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45526-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Performance monitoring (PM) is a vital component of adaptive behavior and known to be influenced by motivation. We examined effects of potential gain (PG) and loss avoidance (LA) on neural correlates of PM at different processing stages, using a task with trial-based changes in these motivational contexts. Findings suggest more attention is allocated to the PG context, with higher amplitudes for respective correlates of stimulus and feedback processing. The PG context favored rapid responses, while the LA context emphasized accurate responses. Lower response thresholds in the PG context after correct responses derived from a drift-diffusion model also indicate a more approach-oriented response style in the PG context. This cognitive shift is mirrored in neural correlates: negative feedback in the PG context elicited a higher feedback-related negativity (FRN) and higher theta power, whereas positive feedback in the LA context elicited higher P3a and P3b amplitudes, as well as higher theta power. There was no effect of motivational context on response-locked brain activity. Given the similar frequency of negative feedback in both contexts, the elevated FRN and theta power in PG trials cannot be attributed to variations in reward prediction error. The observed variations in the FRN indicate that the effect of outcome valence is modulated by motivational salience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Overmeyer
- Chair for Addiction Research, Faculty of Psychology, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Straße 46a, 01187, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Hans Kirschner
- Institute of Psychology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Adrian G Fischer
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanja Endrass
- Chair for Addiction Research, Faculty of Psychology, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Straße 46a, 01187, Dresden, Germany
- Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Kalelkar A, Sipe G, Costa ARCE, Lorenzo IM, Nguyen M, Linares-Garcia I, Vazey E, Huda R. A paradigm for ethanol consumption in head-fixed mice during prefrontal cortical two-photon calcium imaging. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.20.549846. [PMID: 37503061 PMCID: PMC10370124 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.20.549846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a hub for higher-level cognitive behaviors and is a key target for neuroadaptations in alcohol use disorders. Preclinical models of ethanol consumption are instrumental for understanding how acute and repeated drinking affects PFC structure and function. Recent advances in genetically encoded sensors of neuronal activity and neuromodulator release combined with functional microscopy (multiphoton and one-photon widefield imaging) allow multimodal in-vivo PFC recordings at subcellular and cellular scales. While these methods could enable a deeper understanding of the relationship between alcohol and PFC function/dysfunction, they require animals to be head-fixed. Here, we present a method in mice for binge-like ethanol consumption during head-fixation. Male and female mice were first acclimated to ethanol by providing home cage access to 20% ethanol (v/v) for 4 or 8 days. After home cage drinking, mice consumed ethanol from a lick spout during head-fixation. We used two-photon calcium imaging during the head-fixed drinking paradigm to record from a large population of PFC neurons (>1000) to explore how acute ethanol affects their activity. Drinking modulated activity rates in a subset of neurons on slow (minutes) and fast (seconds) time scales but the majority of neurons were unaffected. Moreover, ethanol intake did not significantly affect network level interactions in the PFC as assessed through inter-neuronal pairwise correlations. By establishing a method for binge-like drinking in head-fixed mice, we lay the groundwork for leveraging advanced microscopy technologies to study alcohol-induced neuroadaptations in PFC and other brain circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anagha Kalelkar
- WM Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University – New Brunswick, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway NJ, 08904, USA
| | - Grayson Sipe
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ana Raquel Castro E Costa
- WM Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University – New Brunswick, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway NJ, 08904, USA
| | - Ilka M. Lorenzo
- WM Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University – New Brunswick, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway NJ, 08904, USA
| | - My Nguyen
- WM Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University – New Brunswick, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway NJ, 08904, USA
| | - Ivan Linares-Garcia
- WM Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University – New Brunswick, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway NJ, 08904, USA
| | - Elena Vazey
- Department of Biology, The University of Massachusetts Amherst, 611 North Pleasant Street, Amherst MA, 01003, USA
| | - Rafiq Huda
- WM Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University – New Brunswick, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway NJ, 08904, USA
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Hagen C, Ogallar PM, Guarino S, Papini MR. Behavioral and neural correlates of licking for 66% alcohol in Wistar rats: Caloric balance or sensation/novelty seeking? Physiol Behav 2023; 263:114114. [PMID: 36764424 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Whereas rodents generally reject high alcohol concentrations, access to 66% alcohol can reinforce operant licking in a progressive ratio situation. Three experiments were conducted to identify a potential mechanism underlying this effect. In Experiment 1, food-restricted male and female Wistar rats received access to either 66% alcohol or water in their home cage for one hour over four sessions. Consumption of alcohol and water was similar, showing that rats neither preferred nor rejected 66% alcohol. Peripheral (but not central) activity in an open field (OF) was higher after access to 66% alcohol than water, a result inconsistent with motor impairment. Blood alcohol concentration was higher after 66% alcohol than water and was positively correlated with fluid displacement and peripheral distance in the OF. c-Fos immunoreactivity after exposure to 66% alcohol vs. water showed increased activation in the nucleus accumbens shell, anterior cingulate cortex, and insular cortex. In Experiment 2, whether access to food was restricted (to an 81-84% of the ad libitum weight) or free (ad libitum), female Wistar rats licked at similar frequency from a sipper tube delivering 66% alcohol. This result is inconsistent with an account based on the caloric content of 66% alcohol. In Experiment 3, food-restricted male and female Wistar rats exhibited a positive correlation between activity in the central area of an OF (an index of sensation/novelty seeking) and licking for 66% alcohol. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the reinforcing value of 66% alcohol is related to sensation/novelty seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hagen
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, 76129
| | - Pedro M Ogallar
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, 76129
| | - Sara Guarino
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, 76129
| | - Mauricio R Papini
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, 76129.
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Fu Z, Sajad A, Errington SP, Schall JD, Rutishauser U. Neurophysiological mechanisms of error monitoring in human and non-human primates. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023; 24:153-172. [PMID: 36707544 PMCID: PMC10231843 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-022-00670-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Performance monitoring is an important executive function that allows us to gain insight into our own behaviour. This remarkable ability relies on the frontal cortex, and its impairment is an aspect of many psychiatric diseases. In recent years, recordings from the macaque and human medial frontal cortex have offered a detailed understanding of the neurophysiological substrate that underlies performance monitoring. Here we review the discovery of single-neuron correlates of error monitoring, a key aspect of performance monitoring, in both species. These neurons are the generators of the error-related negativity, which is a non-invasive biomarker that indexes error detection. We evaluate a set of tasks that allows the synergistic elucidation of the mechanisms of cognitive control across the two species, consider differences in brain anatomy and testing conditions across species, and describe the clinical relevance of these findings for understanding psychopathology. Last, we integrate the body of experimental facts into a theoretical framework that offers a new perspective on how error signals are computed in both species and makes novel, testable predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzheng Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
| | - Amirsaman Sajad
- Center for Integrative & Cognitive Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Vision Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Steven P Errington
- Center for Integrative & Cognitive Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Vision Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Schall
- Center for Integrative & Cognitive Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Vision: Science to Applications (VISTA), York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Ueli Rutishauser
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Narcissism and the perception of failure - evidence from the error-related negativity and the error positivity. PERSONALITY NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 6:e2. [PMID: 36843659 PMCID: PMC9947629 DOI: 10.1017/pen.2022.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The literature on narcissism suggests two contradictory ways how highly narcissistic individuals deal with their failures: They might avoid consciously recognising their failures to protect their ego or they might vigilantly turn towards their failures to process cues that are important for maintaining their grandiosity. We tried to dissolve these contradictory positions by studying event-related potential components of error processing and their variations with narcissism. With a speeded go/no-go task, we examined how the error-related negativity (Ne; reflecting an early, automatic processing stage) and the error positivity (Pe; associated with conscious error detection) vary with Admiration and Rivalry, two narcissism dimensions, under ego-threatening conditions. Using multilevel models, we showed that participants with high Rivalry displayed higher Ne amplitudes suggesting a heightened trait of defensive reactivity. We did not find variations of either narcissism dimension with the Pe, which would have pointed to weaker error awareness. Thus, our results only supported the second position: a heightened vigilance to errors in narcissism at early, rather automatic processing stages.
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Cheng F, Ju Y, Chen X, Jia H. The regulatory roles of socio-economic status, social and intellectual activity in the relationship between alcohol consumption and cognitive decline trajectory in middle-aged and elderly Chinese: A prospective cohort study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 38:e5877. [PMID: 36734162 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the relationship between alcohol consumption and cognitive decline, and to further explore the potential regulatory role of education, socio-economic status (SES), and social or intellectual activity in this relationship. METHODS 6197 participants aged 45-75 years with four repeated measures data from 2011 to 2018 were included. A mixed-effect model was used to explore the relationship between alcohol consumption and the rate of change in cognitive decline, a latent class growth mixed model (LCGMM) was applied to determine the potential trajectory of cognitive decline, and finally, the mediating and moderating analyses were used to determine the regulatory effect of all four variables on the relationship between alcohol consumption and potential trajectory. RESULTS Compared to never-drinkers, moderate alcohol consumption was a protective factor for overall cognitive function (β = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.04-0.20, p < 0.001), but there was no statistical correlation with the decline rate of cognitive function. And this protective effect was no longer significant after additional adjustments for education, SES, social and intellectual activity. The LCGMM model divided participants into two trajectories, a high-level-to-decline group including 79.75% of participants (quadratic: β [SE]: -0.90 [0.07], p < 0.001), and a low-level-to-decline group including 20.25% participants (linear: β [SE]: -3.05 [0.49], p < 0.001). With the latter as the reference, SES played a reverse regulation role in the harmful effect of heavy drinking on cognitive trajectories (odd ratio [OR] = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.23-0.93, p < 0.05). Social and intellectual activities played a negative mediating role in the harmful effect of alcohol consumption on cognitive trajectories (light: OR = 0.96, p < 0.001; moderate: OR = 0.96, p < 0.001; heavy: OR = 0.97, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Alcohol itself has no protective effect on the decline of longitudinal cognitive trajectory. But the regulatory effect of SES, social and intellectual activities slows down the harm of alcohol consumption on the decline of cognitive function. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The data used in this study are from publicly available databases. They are retrospective cohort studies without any intervention. Therefore, no clinical trial registration has been conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Center of Evidence-Based Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanli Ju
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xueyu Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongying Jia
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Center of Evidence-Based Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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12
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Wolde A. Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Factors Among Elderly in Ethiopia. Subst Abuse 2023; 17:11782218231158031. [PMID: 36875744 PMCID: PMC9983104 DOI: 10.1177/11782218231158031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the magnitude and associated factors of alcohol use disorder among the elderly living in 3 towns in South West Ethiopia. Method Cross-sectional community-based study was done among 382 elderly people aged 60 or more from February to March 2022 in South West Ethiopia. The participants were selected by a systematic random sampling method. Alcohol use disorder, quality of sleep, cognitive impairment, and depression were assessed by using AUDIT, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Standardized Mini Mental State Examination, and geriatric depression scale, respectively. Also, suicidal behavior, elder abuse, and other clinical and environmental factors were assessed. The data was entered into Epi Data Manager Version 4.0.2 before being exported to SPSS Version 25 for analysis. A logistic regression model was used, and variables with a P-value less than .05 in the final fitting model were stated as independent predictors of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Result The magnitude of alcohol use disorder, current alcohol use, and life-time alcohol use among the elderly was 27.5%, 52.4%, and 89.3%, respectively. Also, 7%, 23%, 8.9%, and none of the elderly had nicotine, khat, inhalants, and cannabis use disorder, respectively. Furthermore, AUD was associated with cognitive impairment (AOR, 95% CI; 2.79 (1.47-5.30)), poor sleep quality (AOR, 95% CI; 3.27 (1.23-8.69)), chronic medical illness (AOR, 95% CI; 2.12 (1.20-3.74)), and suicidal ideation (AOR, 95% CI; 5.27 (2.21-12.60)). Conclusion Problematic alcohol use was higher among the elderly, and cognitive impairment, poor sleep quality, having chronic medical illness, and suicidal ideation were risk factors for AUD. Therefore, community level screening for AUD and comorbid risk factors among this particular age group and managing them is crucial to prevent further complications due to AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asrat Wolde
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Mizan Tepi University, Mizan Aman, Ethiopia
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13
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Tsuchida N, Kasuga A, Kawakami M. Post-error behavioral adjustments under reactive control among older adults. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1001866. [PMID: 36389579 PMCID: PMC9663834 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1001866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed the effects of aging on post-error behavioral adjustments from the perspective of cognitive control. A modified error awareness task was administered to young (n = 50) and older (n = 50) adults. In this task, two buttons were placed on the left and right sides in front of the participants, who were instructed to use the right button to perform a go/no-go task, and were notified if they made an error. There were three experimental conditions (A, B, and C): participants had to push the right button once in Condition A and twice in Condition B and C when a go-stimulus was presented. Conversely, participants were asked to withhold their response when a no-go stimulus was presented. Response inhibition differed depending on the experimental condition. The participants were asked to push the left button as quickly as possible when an error occurred. The results showed relatively longer reaction times to sudden errors among older adults compared with young adults. Furthermore, the difference in the error responses (i.e., accidentally pushing the right button once or twice when a no-go stimulus was presented) strongly influenced older adults' response time after an error. These results suggest that the shift from proactive to reactive control may significantly influence post-error behavioral adjustments in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Tsuchida
- College of Comprehensive Psychology, Ritsumeikan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ayaka Kasuga
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miki Kawakami
- Institute of Human Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Osaka, Japan
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14
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Weng X, Liang H, Liu K, Chen J, Fei Q, Liu S, Guo X, Wen L, Wu Y, Nie Z, Jing C. Relationship between urinary dichlorophenols and cognitive function among people over 60 years old from NHANES. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:73341-73352. [PMID: 35624369 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20840-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that exposure to dichlorophenols (DCPs) and their precursors might have potential neurotoxicity, which may be related to low cognitive function, but there are few large-scale, representative population data to explore the association between DCP exposure and cognitive function. We aimed to examine the relationship between urinary DCPs and cognitive function in the US older people. A total of 952 participants ≥ 60 years old from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in two cycles (2011-2014) were enrolled. The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's disease Word Learning subtest (CERAD W-L), the Animal Fluency test (AFT), and the Digit Symbol Substitution test (DSST) were used to assess cognition. Multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were used to evaluate the relationship between DCP exposure and cognitive function. A positive association between 2,5-DCP and the risk of bad performance of DSST was observed (P for trend = 0.024) after adjusting for the covariates. Compared to the lowest quartile, OR of DSST for the highest quartile of 2,5-DCP was 1.72 (95%CI:1.03-2.87, P = 0.039). There were no significant associations between DCPs and the other tests. The RCS plot showed an inverted J-shaped relationship between 2,5-DCP, 2,4-DCP, and the DSST score. The inflection points for the curves were found at 1.531 μg/L and 0.230 μg/L, respectively. On the right side of the inflection points, the DSST score dropped sharply. In subgroup analysis, those under 70 years old, smokers, and alcohol drinkers had a higher risk of bad performance in DSST when exposed to 2,5-DCP. The higher concentration of urinary DCPs is associated with a lower score of DSST in the US older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqiong Weng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601 Huangpu Ave West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Huanzhu Liang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601 Huangpu Ave West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601 Huangpu Ave West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingmin Chen
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601 Huangpu Ave West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiaoyuan Fei
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601 Huangpu Ave West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601 Huangpu Ave West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinrong Guo
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601 Huangpu Ave West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Wen
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601 Huangpu Ave West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingying Wu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601 Huangpu Ave West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiqiang Nie
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunxia Jing
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601 Huangpu Ave West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
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15
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Speer SPH, Smidts A, Boksem MAS. Cognitive control and dishonesty. Trends Cogn Sci 2022; 26:796-808. [PMID: 35840475 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Dishonesty is ubiquitous and imposes substantial financial and social burdens on society. Intuitively, dishonesty results from a failure of willpower to control selfish behavior. However, recent research suggests that the role of cognitive control in dishonesty is more complex. We review evidence that cognitive control is not needed to be honest or dishonest per se, but that it depends on individual differences in what we call one's 'moral default': for those who are prone to dishonesty, cognitive control indeed aids in being honest, but for those who are already generally honest, cognitive control may help them cheat to occasionally profit from small acts of dishonesty. Thus, the role of cognitive control in (dis)honesty is to override the moral default.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian P H Speer
- Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Social Brain Lab, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Ale Smidts
- Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten A S Boksem
- Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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16
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Yuen J, Kouzani AZ, Berk M, Tye SJ, Rusheen AE, Blaha CD, Bennet KE, Lee KH, Shin H, Kim JH, Oh Y. Deep Brain Stimulation for Addictive Disorders-Where Are We Now? Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:1193-1215. [PMID: 35411483 PMCID: PMC9587163 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01229-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the face of a global epidemic of drug addiction, neglecting to develop new effective therapies will perpetuate the staggering human and economic costs of substance use. This review aims to summarize and evaluate the preclinical and clinical studies of deep brain stimulation (DBS) as a novel therapy for refractory addiction, in hopes to engage and inform future research in this promising novel treatment avenue. An electronic database search (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane library) was performed using keywords and predefined inclusion criteria between 1974 and 6/18/2021 (registered on Open Science Registry). Selected articles were reviewed in full text and key details were summarized and analyzed to understand DBS' therapeutic potential and possible mechanisms of action. The search yielded 25 animal and 22 human studies. Animal studies showed that DBS of targets such as nucleus accumbens (NAc), insula, and subthalamic nucleus reduces drug use and seeking. All human studies were case series/reports (level 4/5 evidence), mostly targeting the NAc with generally positive outcomes. From the limited evidence in the literature, DBS, particularly of the NAc, appears to be a reasonable last resort option for refractory addictive disorders. We propose that future research in objective electrophysiological (e.g., local field potentials) and neurochemical (e.g., extracellular dopamine levels) biomarkers would assist monitoring the progress of treatment and developing a closed-loop DBS system. Preclinical literature also highlighted the prefrontal cortex as a promising DBS target, which should be explored in human research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Yuen
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Geelong VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Abbas Z Kouzani
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Geelong VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Susannah J Tye
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Aaron E Rusheen
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Charles D Blaha
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Kevin E Bennet
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Division of Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Kendall H Lee
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Hojin Shin
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jee Hyun Kim
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Geelong VIC 3216, Australia.
| | - Yoonbae Oh
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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17
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Dousset C, Schroder E, Ingels A, Kajosch H, Hanak C, Veeser J, Amiot M, Kornreich C, Campanella S. Intact Error-Related Negativity at the Start of a Three-Week Detoxification Program Reflects a Short-Term Protective Factor Against Relapse in Alcoholic Patients: Some Preliminary Evidence from a Follow-up Event-Related Potentials Study. Clin EEG Neurosci 2022; 53:316-325. [PMID: 35125020 DOI: 10.1177/15500594221076579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Dousset
- ULB Neuroscience Institute, CHU Brugmann-Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Belgium
| | - Elisa Schroder
- ULB Neuroscience Institute, CHU Brugmann-Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Belgium
| | - Anaïs Ingels
- ULB Neuroscience Institute, CHU Brugmann-Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Belgium
| | - Hendrik Kajosch
- ULB Neuroscience Institute, CHU Brugmann-Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Belgium
| | - Catherine Hanak
- ULB Neuroscience Institute, CHU Brugmann-Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Belgium
| | - Johannes Veeser
- ULB Neuroscience Institute, CHU Brugmann-Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Belgium
| | - Maud Amiot
- ULB Neuroscience Institute, CHU Brugmann-Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Belgium
| | - Charles Kornreich
- ULB Neuroscience Institute, CHU Brugmann-Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Belgium
| | - Salvatore Campanella
- ULB Neuroscience Institute, CHU Brugmann-Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Belgium
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18
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Ji H, Wu S, Won J, Weng S, Lee S, Seo S, Park JJ. The Effects of Exergame on Attention in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (Preprint). JMIR Serious Games 2022; 11:e40438. [PMID: 37159253 DOI: 10.2196/40438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite growing evidence showing the effects of exercise and cognitive trainings on enhancing attention, little is known about the combined effects of exergame on attention in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Exergame, a form of exercise using a video game, has both cognitive stimulation and physical activity components and has been shown to improve cognitive function in children. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exergaming on attention and to compare the effect induced by exergaming with the effect of aerobic exercise on attention in children with ADHD. METHODS In all, 30 children with ADHD, aged 8-12 years, were randomly divided into an exergaming group (EXG; n=16) or a bicycle exercise group (BEG; n=14). Before and after the 4-week intervention, the Frankfurter Aufmerksamkeits-Inventar (FAIR; Frankfurt Attention Inventory) test was administrated, and event-related potentials during the Go/No-go task was measured to assess attention. RESULTS After intervention, both the EXG and BEG had significantly increased selective attention and continuous attention (all P<.001), as well as self-control on the FAIR test (EXG: P=.02 and BEG: P=.005). Similarly, both the EXG and BEG had significantly reduced response time on the Go/No-go test (all P<.001). For the Go response, the N2 amplitude (frontocentral maximal negativity) was significantly increased in Fz (midfrontal line) in the EXG (P=.003) but was not changed in the BEG (P=.97). Importantly, the N2 amplitude in Fz was significantly greater in the EXG compared to the BEG (Go: P=.001 and No-go: P=.008). CONCLUSIONS Exergaming has the comparable effects to bicycle exercise to enhance attention in children with ADHD, suggesting that exergaming can be used as an alternative treatment for children with ADHD. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Research Information Service KCT0008239; https://tinyurl.com/57e4jtnb.
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Affiliation(s)
- HongQing Ji
- School of Physical Education & Health, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- Division of Sport Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Shanshan Wu
- School of Physical Education & Health, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- Division of Sport Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyeon Won
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Shiyang Weng
- School of Physical Education & Health, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Sujin Lee
- Division of Sport Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Seo
- Busan Children's Mind Clinic, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Jun Park
- Division of Sport Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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19
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Marinkovic K, Rosen BQ. Theta oscillatory dynamics of inhibitory control, error processing, and post-error adjustments: Neural underpinnings and alcohol-induced dysregulation. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:1220-1232. [PMID: 35567304 PMCID: PMC9543652 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol intoxication impairs inhibitory control, resulting in disinhibited, impulsive behavior. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays an essential role in a range of executive functions and is sensitive to the effects of alcohol, which contributes to the top-down cognitive dysregulation. This study used a multimodal approach to examine the acute effects of alcohol on the neural underpinnings of inhibitory control, inhibition failures, and neurobehavioral optimization as reflected in trial-to-trial dynamics of post-error adjustments. METHODS Adult social drinkers served as their own controls by participating in the Go/NoGo task during acute alcohol and placebo conditions in a multi-session, counterbalanced design. Distributed source modeling of the magnetoencephalographic signal was combined with structural magnetic resonance imaging to characterize the spatio-temporal dynamics of inhibitory control in the time-frequency domain. RESULTS Successful response inhibition (NoGo) elicited right-lateralized event-related theta power (4 to 7 Hz). Errors elicited a short-latency increase in theta power in the dorsal (dACC), followed by activity in the rostral (rACC), which may underlie an affective "oh, no!" orienting response to errors. Error-related theta in the dACC was associated with subsequent activity of the motor areas on the first post-error trial, suggesting the occurrence of post-error output adjustments. Importantly, a gradual increase of the dACC theta across post-error trials closely tracked improvements in accuracy under placebo, which may reflect cognitive control engagement to optimize response accuracy. In contrast, alcohol increased NoGo commission errors, dysregulated theta during correct NoGo withholding, and abolished the post-error theta enhancement of cognitive control. CONCLUSIONS Confirming the sensitivity of frontal theta to inhibitory control and error monitoring, the results support functional and temporal dissociation along the dorso-rostral axis of the ACC and the deleterious effects of alcohol on the frontal circuitry subserving top-down regulation. Over time, alcohol-induced disinhibition may give rise to compulsive drinking and contribute to alcohol misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenija Marinkovic
- Psychology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA.,Radiology Department, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Burke Q Rosen
- Psychology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
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20
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Girasek H, Nagy VA, Fekete S, Ungvari GS, Gazdag G. Prevalence and correlates of aggressive behavior in psychiatric inpatient populations. World J Psychiatry 2022; 12:1-23. [PMID: 35111577 PMCID: PMC8783168 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggressive behavior in patients with psychiatric disorders is attracting increasing research interest. One reason for this is that psychiatric patients are generally considered more likely to be aggressive, which raises a related question of whether diagnoses of psychiatric disorders predict the prevalence of aggressive behavior. Predicting aggression in psychiatric wards is crucial, because aggressive behavior not only endangers the safety of both patients and staff, but it also extends the hospitalization times. Predictions of aggressive behavior also need careful attention to ensure effective treatment planning. This literature review explores the relationship between aggressive behavior and psychiatric disorders and syndromes (dementia, psychoactive substance use, acute psychotic disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, personality disorders and intellectual disability). The prevalence of aggressive behavior and its underlying risk factors, such as sex, age, comorbid psychiatric disorders, socioeconomic status, and history of aggressive behavior are discussed as these are the components that mostly contribute to the increased risk of aggressive behavior. Measurement tools commonly used to predict and detect aggressive behavior and to differentiate between different forms of aggressive behavior in both research and clinical practice are also reviewed. Successful aggression prevention programs can be developed based on the current findings of the correlates of aggressive behavior in psychiatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunor Girasek
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Jahn Ferenc South Pest Hospital, Budapest 1204, Hungary
| | - Vanda Adél Nagy
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Jahn Ferenc South Pest Hospital, Budapest 1204, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Fekete
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Forensic Psychiatry, Budapest 1108, Hungary
- School of PhD Studies, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary
| | - Gabor S Ungvari
- Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia
- Section of Psychiatry, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle 6160, Australia
| | - Gábor Gazdag
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Jahn Ferenc South Pest Hospital, Budapest 1204, Hungary
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1083, Hungary
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21
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de Bruin E, Weier M, Treur J. A Second-Order Adaptive Social-Behavioural Model for Individual and Duo Motor Learning. Brain Inform 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-15037-1_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
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22
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Ghin F, Beste C, Stock AK. Neurobiological mechanisms of control in alcohol use disorder - moving towards mechanism-based non-invasive brain stimulation treatments. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 133:104508. [PMID: 34942268 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is characterized by excessive habitual drinking and loss of control over alcohol intake despite negative consequences. Both of these aspects foster uncontrolled drinking and high relapse rates in AUD patients. Yet, common interventions mostly focus on the phenomenological level, and prioritize the reduction of craving and withdrawal symptoms. Our review provides a mechanistic understanding of AUD and suggests alternative therapeutic approaches targeting the mechanisms underlying dysfunctional alcohol-related behaviours. Specifically, we explain how repeated drinking fosters the development of rigid drinking habits and is associated with diminished cognitive control. These behavioural and cognitive effects are then functionally related to the neurobiochemical effects of alcohol abuse. We further explain how alterations in fronto-striatal network activity may constitute the neurobiological correlates of these alcohol-related dysfunctions. Finally, we discuss limitations in current pharmacological AUD therapies and suggest non-invasive brain stimulation (like TMS and tDCS interventions) as a potential addition/alternative for modulating the activation of both cortical and subcortical areas to help re-establish the functional balance between controlled and automatic behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Ghin
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany; University Neuropsychology Center, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany; University Neuropsychology Center, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Stock
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany; University Neuropsychology Center, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany; Biopsychology, Faculty of Psychology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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23
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Han L, Jia J. Long-term effects of alcohol consumption on cognitive function in seniors: a cohort study in China. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:699. [PMID: 34911450 PMCID: PMC8672616 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02606-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the context of increasing global aging, the long-term effects of alcohol consumption on cognitive function in older adults were analyzed in order to provide rationalized health recommendations to the elderly population. METHODS The study used the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) dataset, from which 5354 Chinese seniors aged 65-112 years were selected as the subjects, spanning the years 1998-2018. Data on alcohol, diet, activity, and cognition were collected by questionnaire and cognitive levels were judged by the Mini-Mental State Examination scale (also referenced to the Functional Assessment Staging Test). Data cleaning and preprocessing was implemented by R software. The dynamic Cox model was applied for model construction and data analysis. RESULTS The results of the dynamic Cox model suggested that seniors who drank alcohol were at higher risk of cognitive decline compared to those who never drank (HR = 1.291, 95%CI: 1.175-1.419). The risk was similarly exacerbated by perennial drinking habits (i.e., longer drinking years, HR = 1.008, 95%CI: 1.004-1.013). Compared to non-alcoholic beverages, liquor (≥ 38°), liquor (< 38°), wine and rice wine all showed negative effects. Whereas, the risk of cognitive decline was relatively lower in seniors who consumed liquors (< 38°) and rice wine compared to the high-level liquor (HR: 0.672 (0.508, 0.887) and 0.732 (0.559, 0.957), respectively). CONCLUSIONS Alcohol consumption has a negative and long-term effects on cognitive function in seniors. For the elderly, we suggested that alcohol intake should be avoided as much as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Han
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, Haidian District, China
| | - Jinzhu Jia
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, Haidian District, China.
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24
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Frausto DM, Forsyth CB, Keshavarzian A, Voigt RM. Dietary Regulation of Gut-Brain Axis in Alzheimer's Disease: Importance of Microbiota Metabolites. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:736814. [PMID: 34867153 PMCID: PMC8639879 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.736814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that impacts 45 million people worldwide and is ranked as the 6th top cause of death among all adults by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. While genetics is an important risk factor for the development of AD, environment and lifestyle are also contributing risk factors. One such environmental factor is diet, which has emerged as a key influencer of AD development/progression as well as cognition. Diets containing large quantities of saturated/trans-fats, refined carbohydrates, limited intake of fiber, and alcohol are associated with cognitive dysfunction while conversely diets low in saturated/trans-fats (i.e., bad fats), high mono/polyunsaturated fats (i.e., good fats), high in fiber and polyphenols are associated with better cognitive function and memory in both humans and animal models. Mechanistically, this could be the direct consequence of dietary components (lipids, vitamins, polyphenols) on the brain, but other mechanisms are also likely to be important. Diet is considered to be the single greatest factor influencing the intestinal microbiome. Diet robustly influences the types and function of micro-organisms (called microbiota) that reside in the gastrointestinal tract. Availability of different types of nutrients (from the diet) will favor or disfavor the abundance and function of certain groups of microbiota. Microbiota are highly metabolically active and produce many metabolites and other factors that can affect the brain including cognition and the development and clinical progression of AD. This review summarizes data to support a model in which microbiota metabolites influence brain function and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce M. Frausto
- Rush Medical College, Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Christopher B. Forsyth
- Rush Medical College, Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Rush Medical College, Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Robin M. Voigt
- Rush Medical College, Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
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25
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Right frontal anxiolytic-sensitive EEG 'theta' rhythm in the stop-signal task is a theory-based anxiety disorder biomarker. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19746. [PMID: 34611294 PMCID: PMC8492763 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99374-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric diagnoses currently rely on a patient’s presenting symptoms or signs, lacking much-needed theory-based biomarkers. Our neuropsychological theory of anxiety, recently supported by human imaging, is founded on a longstanding, reliable, rodent ‘theta’ brain rhythm model of human clinical anxiolytic drug action. We have now developed a human scalp EEG homolog—goal-conflict-specific rhythmicity (GCSR), i.e., EEG rhythmicity specific to a balanced conflict between goals (e.g., approach-avoidance). Critically, GCSR is consistently reduced by different classes of anxiolytic drug and correlates with clinically-relevant trait anxiety scores (STAI-T). Here we show elevated GCSR in student volunteers divided, after testing, on their STAI-T scores into low, medium, and high (typical of clinical anxiety) groups. We then tested anxiety disorder patients (meeting diagnostic criteria) and similar controls recruited separately from the community. The patient group had higher average GCSR than their controls—with a mixture of high and low GCSR that varied with, but cut across, conventional disorder diagnosis. Consequently, GCSR scores should provide the first theoretically-based biomarker that could help diagnose, and so redefine, a psychiatric disorder.
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26
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Fairbairn CE, Kang D, Federmeier KD. Alcohol and Neural Dynamics: A Meta-analysis of Acute Alcohol Effects on Event-Related Brain Potentials. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:990-1000. [PMID: 33579536 PMCID: PMC8106628 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An understanding of alcohol's acute neural effects could augment our knowledge of mechanisms underlying alcohol-related cognitive/motor impairment and inform interventions for addiction. Focusing on studies employing event-related brain potential methods, which offer a direct measurement of neural activity in functionally well-characterized brain networks, we present the first meta-analysis to explore acute effects of alcohol on the human brain. METHODS Databases were searched for randomized laboratory alcohol-administration trials assessing brain activity using event-related potentials. Hedges' g coefficients were pooled using 3-level random-effects meta-regression. RESULTS Sixty independent randomized controlled trials met inclusion (total N = 2149). Alcohol's effects varied significantly across neural systems, with alcohol leading to reductions in event-related potential components linked with attention (P3b), g = -0.40, 95% CI (-0.50, -0.29), automatic auditory processing (mismatch negativity), g = -0.44, 95% CI (-0.66, -0.22), and performance monitoring (error-related negativity), g = -0.56, 95% CI (-0.79, -0.33). These effects were moderated by alcohol dose, emerging as significant at doses as low as 0.026% blood alcohol concentration and increasing to moderate/large at 0.12%. In contrast, irrespective of dose, relatively small or nonsignificant alcohol effects emerged in other processing domains, including those linked to executive control (N2b responses) and stimulus classification (N2c responses). CONCLUSIONS Contrary to traditional conceptualizations of alcohol as a "dirty drug" with broad central nervous system depressant effects, results instead support accounts positing targeted alcohol effects in specific processing domains. By identifying alcohol effects on brain systems involved in performance monitoring and attention, results move toward the identification of mechanisms underlying alcohol-related impairment as well as factors reinforcing addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharine E. Fairbairn
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois—Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Dahyeon Kang
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois—Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Kara D. Federmeier
- Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
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27
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Han J, Keedy S, Murray CH, Foxley S, de Wit H. Acute effects of alcohol on resting-state functional connectivity in healthy young men. Addict Behav 2021; 115:106786. [PMID: 33421747 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol abuse and dependence remain significant public health issues, and yet the brain circuits that are involved in the rewarding effects of alcohol are poorly understood. One promising way to study the effects of alcohol on neural activity is to examine its effects on functional connectivity between brain areas involved in reward and other functions. Here, we compared the effects of two doses of alcohol (0.4 and 0.8 g/kg) to placebo on resting-state functional connectivity in brain circuits related to reward in 19 healthy young men without histories of alcohol problems. The higher, but not the lower, dose of alcohol, significantly increased connectivity from reward-related regions to sensory and motor cortex, and between seeds associated with cognitive control. Contrary to expectation, alcohol did not significantly change connectivity for the ventral striatum at either dose. These findings reveal unrecognized effects of alcohol on connectivity from reward-related regions to visual and sensory cortical areas.
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28
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Soh C, Hynd M, Rangel BO, Wessel JR. Adjustments to Proactive Motor Inhibition without Effector-Specific Foreknowledge Are Reflected in a Bilateral Upregulation of Sensorimotor β-Burst Rates. J Cogn Neurosci 2021; 33:784-798. [PMID: 33544054 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Classic work using the stop-signal task has shown that humans can use inhibitory control to cancel already initiated movements. Subsequent work revealed that inhibitory control can be proactively recruited in anticipation of a potential stop-signal, thereby increasing the likelihood of successful movement cancellation. However, the exact neurophysiological effects of proactive inhibitory control on the motor system are still unclear. On the basis of classic views of sensorimotor β-band activity, as well as recent findings demonstrating the burst-like nature of this signal, we recently proposed that proactive inhibitory control is implemented by influencing the rate of sensorimotor β-bursts during movement initiation. Here, we directly tested this hypothesis using scalp EEG recordings of β-band activity in 41 healthy human adults during a bimanual RT task. By comparing motor responses made in two different contexts-during blocks with or without stop-signals-we found that premovement β-burst rates over both contralateral and ipsilateral sensorimotor areas were increased in stop-signal blocks compared to pure-go blocks. Moreover, the degree of this burst rate difference indexed the behavioral implementation of proactive inhibition (i.e., the degree of anticipatory response slowing in the stop-signal blocks). Finally, exploratory analyses showed that these condition differences were explained by a significant increase in β bursting that was already present during the premovement baseline period in stop blocks. Together, this suggests that the strategic deployment of proactive inhibitory motor control is implemented by upregulating the tonic inhibition of the motor system, signified by increased sensorimotor β-bursting both before and after signals to initiate a movement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jan R Wessel
- University of Iowa.,University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics
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29
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Acute effects of alcohol on error-elicited negative affect during a cognitive control task. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:3383-3397. [PMID: 32944790 PMCID: PMC7572864 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05619-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Alcohol intoxication can dampen negative affective reactions to stressors. Recently, it has been proposed that these acute anxiolytic effects of alcohol may extend to dampening of negative affective reactions to error commission during cognitive control tasks. Nonetheless, empirical verification of this claim is lacking. OBJECTIVES Test the acute effect of alcohol on negative affective reactions to errors during an effort-demanding cognitive control task. METHODS Healthy, young adult social drinkers (N = 96 [49 women], 21-36 years old) were randomly assigned to consume alcohol (0.80 g/kg; n = 33 [15 female]), active placebo (0.04 g/kg; n = 33 [18 women]), or a non-alcoholic control beverage (n = 30 [16 women]) before completing the Eriksen flanker task. Corrugator supercilii (Corr) activation, a psychophysiological index of negative affect, was tracked across the task. Two neurophysiological reactions to errors, the error-related negativity (ERN) and the error positivity (Pe), were also measured. RESULTS Erroneous actions increased Corr activation in the control and (to a lesser extent) placebo groups, but not in the alcohol group. Error-induced Corr activation was coupled to ERN and Pe in the control, but not in the alcohol and placebo groups. Error-induced Corr activation was not coupled to post-error performance adjustments in any group. CONCLUSIONS The ability of alcohol to dampen error-related negative affect was verified. It was also shown that placebo alone can disrupt coupling of affective and (neuro)cognitive reactions to errors. Although its behavioral relevance remains to be demonstrated, more attention should be paid to the role of affect in action monitoring and cognitive control processes.
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30
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Neural and behavioral traces of error awareness. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 21:573-591. [PMID: 33025512 PMCID: PMC8208913 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-020-00838-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring for errors and behavioral adjustments after errors are essential for daily life. A question that has not been addressed systematically yet, is whether consciously perceived errors lead to different behavioral adjustments compared to unperceived errors. Our goal was to develop a task that would enable us to study different commonly observed neural correlates of error processing and post-error adjustments in their relation to error awareness and accuracy confidence in a single experiment. We assessed performance in a new number judgement error awareness task in 70 participants. We used multiple, robust, single-trial EEG regressions to investigate the link between neural correlates of error processing (e.g., error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe)) and error awareness. We found that only aware errors had a slowing effect on reaction times in consecutive trials, but this slowing was not accompanied by post-error increases in accuracy. On a neural level, error awareness and confidence had a modulating effect on both the ERN and Pe, whereby the Pe was most predictive of participants' error awareness. Additionally, we found partial support for a mediating role of error awareness on the coupling between the ERN and behavioral adjustments in the following trial. Our results corroborate previous findings that show both an ERN/Pe and a post-error behavioral adaptation modulation by error awareness. This suggests that conscious error perception can support meta-control processes balancing the recruitment of proactive and reactive control. Furthermore, this study strengthens the role of the Pe as a robust neural index of error awareness.
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31
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Comparing the effects of different methodological decisions on the error-related negativity and its association with behaviour and gender. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 156:18-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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32
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Vidal F, Burle B, Hasbroucq T. Errors and Action Monitoring: Errare Humanum Est Sed Corrigere Possibile. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 13:453. [PMID: 31998101 PMCID: PMC6962188 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
It was recognized long ago by Seneca through his famous "errare humanum est." that the human information processing system is intrinsically fallible. What is newer is the fact that, at least in sensorimotor information processing realized under time pressure, errors are largely dealt with by several (psycho)physiological-specific mechanisms: prevention, detection, inhibition, correction, and, if these mechanisms finally fail, strategic behavioral adjustments following errors. In this article, we review several datasets from laboratory experiments, showing that the human information processing system is well equipped not only to detect and correct errors when they occur but also to detect, inhibit, and correct them even before they fully develop. We argue that these (psycho)physiological mechanisms are important to consider when the brain works in everyday settings in order to render work systems more resilient to human errors and, thus, safer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Vidal
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LNC UMR 7291, Marseille, France
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33
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Liu Y, van den Wildenberg WPM, González GF, Rigoni D, Brass M, Wiers RW, Ridderinkhof KR. "Free won't" after a beer or two: chronic and acute effects of alcohol on neural and behavioral indices of intentional inhibition. BMC Psychol 2020; 8:2. [PMID: 31910907 PMCID: PMC6947965 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-019-0367-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Response inhibition can be classified into stimulus-driven inhibition and intentional inhibition based on the degree of endogenous volition involved. In the past decades, abundant research efforts to study the effects of alcohol on inhibition have focused exclusively on stimulus-driven inhibition. The novel Chasing Memo task measures stimulus-driven and intentional inhibition within the same paradigm. Combined with the stop-signal task, we investigated how alcohol use affects behavioral and psychophysiological correlates of intentional inhibition, as well as stimulus-driven inhibition. METHODS Experiment I focused on intentional inhibition and stimulus-driven inhibition in relation to past-year alcohol use. The Chasing Memo task, the stop-signal task, and questionnaires related to substance use and impulsivity were administered to 60 undergraduate students (18-25 years old). Experiment II focused on behavioral and neural correlates acute alcohol use on performance on the Chasing Memo task by means of electroencephalography (EEG). Sixteen young male adults (21-28 years old) performed the Chasing Memo task once under placebo and once under the influence of alcohol (blood alcohol concentration around 0.05%), while EEG was recorded. RESULTS In experiment I, AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test) total score did not significantly predict stimulus-driven inhibition or intentional inhibition performance. In experiment II, the placebo condition and the alcohol condition were comparable in terms of behavioral indices of stimulus-driven inhibition and intentional inhibition as well as task-related EEG patterns. Interestingly, a slow negative readiness potential (RP) was observed with an onset of about 1.2 s, exclusively before participants stopped intentionally. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that both past-year increases in risky alcohol consumption and moderate acute alcohol use have limited effects on stimulus-driven inhibition and intentional inhibition. These conclusions cannot be generalized to alcohol use disorder and high intoxication levels. The RP might reflect processes involved in the formation of an intention in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129B, 1018, WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Addiction, Development, and Psychopathology (ADAPT) Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Wery P M van den Wildenberg
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129B, 1018, WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Brain & Cognition (ABC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gorka Fraga González
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Davide Rigoni
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marcel Brass
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Reinout W Wiers
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129B, 1018, WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Addiction, Development, and Psychopathology (ADAPT) Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K Richard Ridderinkhof
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129B, 1018, WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Brain & Cognition (ABC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Topouzis F, Founti P, Yu F, Wilson MR, Coleman AL. Twelve-Year Incidence and Baseline Risk Factors for Pseudoexfoliation: The Thessaloniki Eye Study (An American Ophthalmological Society Thesis). Am J Ophthalmol 2019; 206:192-214. [PMID: 31095955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the 12-year incidence of pseudoexfoliation (PEX), baseline risk factors for incident PEX and risk factors for incident pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEXG) among those with PEX in an elderly white population. METHODS Longitudinal, population-based study in Thessaloniki, the major urban center in Northern Greece. The baseline cohort included 2554 participants ≥60 years old. The surviving cohort was re-examined 12 years later using the same methodology. PEX was defined as typical fibrillar material at the pupil margin and/or on the lens capsule. Glaucoma was defined as both structural and functional damage, irrespective of intraocular pressure (IOP). RESULTS Of 1468 eligible subjects in the surviving cohort, 1092 (74%) participated in the follow-up study. The mean age ± standard deviation (SD) at baseline was 68.9 ± 4.6 years. The mean follow-up time was 11.6 ± 1.6 years. The 12-year incidence of PEX was 19.6% (95% confidence interval (CI), 17.1-22.2), with women more likely to be affected than men (Fisher's exact test, P = .0197). Higher axial length was associated with lower odds of incident PEX (odds ratio [OR], 0.72 per mm; 95% CI, 0.57-0.92). PEX at baseline was not associated with an increased likelihood of major vascular disease (P = .9038). Higher baseline IOP (OR, 1.26 per mm Hg; 95% CI, 1.07-1.48) and history of heart attack at baseline (OR, 13.49; 95% CI, 2.85-63.87) were associated with a greater likelihood of developing PEXG among those with PEX. A history of alcohol consumption at baseline was protective of individuals developing PEXG if they had PEX at baseline. CONCLUSION This is one of the very few longitudinal population-based studies that has specifically assessed the incidence of PEX. The association with axial length was previously found only in a cross-sectional study. The associations with heart attack and alcohol consumption are new findings. In individuals with baseline PEX, higher IOP at baseline, history of heart attack at baseline, and no alcohol consumption were associated with a greater likelihood of developing glaucomatous damage approximately 12 years later. NOTE: Publication of this article is sponsored by the American Ophthalmological Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotis Topouzis
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Panayiota Founti
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; Glaucoma Unit, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Fei Yu
- UCLA Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Anne L Coleman
- UCLA Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
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ERN as a transdiagnostic marker of the internalizing-externalizing spectrum: A dissociable meta-analytic effect. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 103:133-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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36
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Gorka SM, Lieberman L, Kreutzer KA, Carrillo V, Weinberg A, Shankman SA. Error-related neural activity and alcohol use disorder: Differences from risk to remission. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 92:271-278. [PMID: 30684526 PMCID: PMC7952020 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Studies suggest that individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) display abnormal neural error-processing, measured via the error-related negativity (ERN). The nature of the error-related abnormalities in AUD is unclear, however, as prior research has yielded discrepant findings. In addition, no study to date has attempted to characterize the dispositional nature of the ERN in AUD and directly test to what extent ERN amplitude reflects a risk factor, disease marker, and/or scar of AUD psychopathology. The current study compared ERN amplitude across 244 adult volunteers in the following five groups: 1) current AUD (n = 39), 2) AUD in remission (n = 60), 3) at-risk for AUD (n = 43), 4) psychiatric controls with comparable rates of internalizing psychopathology as the AUD groups (n = 53), and 5) healthy controls with no lifetime history of psychopathology (n = 49). Risk for AUD was defined as a positive, first-degree family history. All participants completed a well-validated flanker task, designed to robustly elicit the ERN, during continuous electroencephalographic (EEG) data collection. Results indicated that individuals with current AUD displayed smaller ERNs compared with individuals at-risk for AUD, with AUD in remission, psychiatric controls, and healthy controls. There were no differences amongst any of the other groups. This suggests that a blunted ERN may be concomitant with current AUD psychopathology and relatedly, a novel neurobiological AUD treatment target and/or objective marker of AUD disease status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Gorka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics (CARE), University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Lynne Lieberman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kayla A. Kreutzer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vivian Carrillo
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anna Weinberg
- Psychology Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stewart A. Shankman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Leganes-Fonteneau M, Cheang Y, Lam Y, Garfinkel S, Duka T. Interoceptive awareness is associated with acute alcohol-induced changes in subjective effects. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2019; 181:69-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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38
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Kim EH, Kim MS. An Event-related Potential Study of Error-monitoring Deficits in Female College Students Who Participate in Binge Drinking. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2019; 17:80-92. [PMID: 30690943 PMCID: PMC6361042 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2019.17.1.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study investigated error-monitoring deficits in female college students with binge drinking (BD) using event-related potentials (ERPs) and the modified Flanker task. Methods Participants were categorized into BD (n=25) and non-BD (n=25) groups based on the scores of the Korean-version of the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT-K) and the Alcohol Use Questionnaire (AUQ). The modified Flanker task, consisting of congruent (target and flanker stimuli are the same) and incongruent (target and flanker stimuli are different) conditions, was used to evaluate error-monitoring abilities. Results The BD group exhibited significantly shorter response times and more error rates on the Flanker task, as well as reduced error-related negativity (ERN) amplitudes compared with the non-BD group. Additionally, ERN amplitudes measured at FCz and Cz were significantly correlated with scores on the AUDIT-K and AUQ in the whole participants. The BD and non-BD groups did not show any significant differences in error positivity amplitudes. Conclusion The present results indicate that college students with BD have deficits in error-monitoring, and that reduced ERN amplitudes may serve as a biological marker or risk factor of alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hui Kim
- Department of Psychology, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-Sun Kim
- Department of Psychology, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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Niki C, Kumada T, Maruyama T, Tamura M, Muragaki Y. Role of Frontal Functions in Executing Routine Sequential Tasks. Front Psychol 2019; 10:169. [PMID: 30787897 PMCID: PMC6372513 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chiharu Niki
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Maruyama
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Tamura
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Muragaki
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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40
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Lange-Malecki B, Treue S, Rothenberger A, Albrecht B. Cognitive Control Over Visual Motion Processing - Are Children With ADHD Especially Compromised? A Pilot Study of Flanker Task Event-Related Potentials. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:491. [PMID: 30568588 PMCID: PMC6290085 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Performance deficits and diminished brain activity during cognitive control and error processing are frequently reported in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), indicating a “top-down” deficit in executive attention. So far, these findings are almost exclusively based on the processing of static visual forms, neglecting the importance of visual motion processing in everyday life as well as important attentional and neuroanatomical differences between processing static forms and visual motion. For the current study, we contrasted performance and electrophysiological parameters associated with cognitive control from two Flanker-Tasks using static stimuli and moving random dot patterns. Behavioral data and event-related potentials were recorded from 16 boys with ADHD (combined type) and 26 controls (aged 8–15 years). The ADHD group showed less accuracy especially for moving stimuli, and prolonged response times for both stimulus types. Analyses of electrophysiological parameters of cognitive control revealed trends for diminished N2-enhancements and smaller error-negativities (indicating medium effect sizes), and we detected significantly lower error positivities (large effect sizes) compared to controls, similarly for both static and moving stimuli. Taken together, the study supports evidence that motion processing is not fully developed in childhood and that the cognitive control deficit in ADHD is of higher order and independent of stimulus type.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Treue
- German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany.,Leibniz-ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Göttingen, Germany.,Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Göttingen, Germany.,Faculty for Biology and Psychology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Aribert Rothenberger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Björn Albrecht
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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41
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Levsen MP, Bartholow BD. Neural and behavioral effects of regulating emotional responses to errors during an implicit racial bias task. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 18:1283-1297. [PMID: 30225599 PMCID: PMC6257995 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-018-0639-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Affect regulation plays a key role in several theories of racial bias reduction. Here, we tested whether engaging in emotion regulation strategies while performing an implicit racial bias task (Weapons Identification Task; WIT) would alter neural and behavioral manifestations of bias. Participants either suppressed or reappraised in a positive light the distress associated with making errors during the WIT, while an electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded. We hypothesized that engaging in emotion regulation strategies would reduce the distress associated with making errors indicative of bias, resulting in smaller error-related negativity (ERN) amplitude during errors and increased expression of racial bias. Results of within-subjects comparisons (Experiment 1) generally supported these predictions. However, when emotion regulation strategies were manipulated between subjects (Experiment 2) there was no effect of suppression or reappraisal on bias expression. Across both experiments, engaging in emotion regulation led to larger ERNs for errors occurring on Black- relative to White-primed trials. In addition, a number of significant order effects were observed, indicating important differences in the effects of engaging in emotion regulation strategies when those strategies are attempted in participants' first versus second block of trials. No such order effects were evident when a second trial block was completed with no emotion regulation instructions. Findings are discussed in terms of the need for greater specificity in experimental tests of emotion regulation on error processing and cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith P Levsen
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri, 210 McAlester Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Bruce D Bartholow
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri, 210 McAlester Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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42
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Hazardous drinking has unique relationships with implicit and explicit drinking identity. Addict Behav 2018; 87:155-161. [PMID: 30041131 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Measures of drinking identity are predictive of hazardous drinking. The extent to which hazardous drinking is differentially related to implicit compared to explicit drinking identity is not well understood. Neurocognitive models of addiction indicate that chronic alcohol use is associated with deficits in self-awareness which could limit the growth or recognition of drinking identity for individuals engaging in hazardous drinking. This might be particularly true for more reflective explicit measures of identity because their assessment and underlying cognitive processes rely more on self-awareness and conscious introspection. We predicted there would be different patterns of relationships between hazardous drinking and implicit/explicit drinking identity measures. A linear model was predicted to better fit the hazardous drinking and implicit identity relationship whereas a non-linear model was predicted to better fit the hazardous drinking and explicit identity relationship due to decreased ability to reflect on changes in identity at high levels of hazardous drinking. The present study is a re-analysis of a large secondary dataset (Project Implicit Mental Health; N = 11,320) which included measures of hazardous drinking (e.g., Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test) and implicit/explicit identity. Results were consistent with predictions. The relationship between hazardous drinking and implicit drinking identity was best modeled by a linear function whereas the relationship between hazardous drinking and explicit drinking identity was best modeled by a non-linear cubit spline function. These findings are consistent not only with neurocognitive models but also with dual process formulations that implicit and explicit drinking identity are somewhat related but also quite distinct.
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43
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Elkins-Brown N, Saunders B, Inzlicht M. The misattribution of emotions and the error-related negativity: A registered report. Cortex 2018; 109:124-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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44
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Fischer AG, Nigbur R, Klein TA, Danielmeier C, Ullsperger M. Cortical beta power reflects decision dynamics and uncovers multiple facets of post-error adaptation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5038. [PMID: 30487572 PMCID: PMC6261941 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07456-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adapting to errors quickly is essential for survival. Reaction slowing after errors is commonly observed but whether this slowing is adaptive or maladaptive is unclear. Here, we analyse a large dataset from a flanker task using two complementary approaches: a multistage drift-diffusion model, and the lateralisation of EEG beta power as a time-resolved index of choice formation. Fitted model parameters and their independently measured neuronal proxies in beta power convergently show a complex interplay of multiple mechanisms initiated after mistakes. Suppression of distracting evidence, response threshold increase, and reduction of evidence accumulation cause slow and accurate post-error responses. This data provides evidence for both adaptive control and maladaptive orienting after errors yielding an adaptive net effect – a decreased likelihood to repeat mistakes. Generally, lateralised beta power provides a non-invasive readout of action selection for the study of speeded cognitive control processes. People slow down reactions after errors, yet it is debated whether the mechanisms behind this slowing are beneficial for future performance. Here, the authors show that EEG measures converge with model predictions supporting a complex but overall beneficial mechanism of post-error slowing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian G Fischer
- Institute of Psychology, Otto-von-Guericke University, D-39106, Magdeburg, Germany. .,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, D-39106, Magdeburg, Germany. .,Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Roland Nigbur
- Institute of Psychology, Otto-von-Guericke University, D-39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tilmann A Klein
- Institute of Psychology, Otto-von-Guericke University, D-39106, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Markus Ullsperger
- Institute of Psychology, Otto-von-Guericke University, D-39106, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
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45
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Ehlis AC, Deppermann S, Fallgatter AJ. Performance monitoring and post-error adjustments in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: an EEG analysis. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2018; 43:396-406. [PMID: 30375834 PMCID: PMC6203547 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.170118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, research into attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has focused increasingly on its neurobiological underpinnings, revealing (among other things) frontal lobe alterations. Specifically, action-monitoring deficits have been described, including impaired behavioural adjustments following errors. Our aim was to examine the neurophysiological background of post-error behavioural alterations in an adult ADHD sample for the first time, hypothesizing that people with ADHD would differ from controls in neurophysiological markers of cognitive preparation and stimulus processing, specifically following errors. METHODS In total, 34 people with ADHD and 34 controls participated in an electroencephalography measurement while performing a flanker task. The final number of electroencephalography samples included in the analyses ranged from 23 to 28. We recorded event-related potentials for the erroneous response itself (error-related negativity) and for events following errors (intertrial interval: contingent negative variation; next flanker stimulus: P300). RESULTS Over frontal electrode sites, error-related negativity amplitudes were significantly reduced in people with ADHD across response conditions. Both groups showed reduced P300 amplitudes on flanker stimuli following errors. Moreover, during the intertrial interval, patients exhibited significantly reduced contingent negative variation, specifically following errors. At the behavioural level, we observed no significant group differences in post-error data. LIMITATIONS Only adults were examined (no longitudinal data). CONCLUSION Based on previous reports of post-error behavioural alterations in childhood samples, we conclude that people with ADHD develop compensatory strategies across the lifespan that lead to inconspicuous post-error behaviour in adulthood. Neurophysiologically, however, subtle alterations remain, indicating a perseverance of at least some frontal lobe deficits in people with ADHD who are partially medicated, particularly with respect to action-monitoring and post-error adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Christine Ehlis
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Ehlis, Deppermann, Fallgatter); the Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Fallgatter); and the LEAD Graduate School and Research Network, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Ehlis, Fallgatter)
| | - Saskia Deppermann
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Ehlis, Deppermann, Fallgatter); the Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Fallgatter); and the LEAD Graduate School and Research Network, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Ehlis, Fallgatter)
| | - Andreas J. Fallgatter
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Ehlis, Deppermann, Fallgatter); the Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Fallgatter); and the LEAD Graduate School and Research Network, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Ehlis, Fallgatter)
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46
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Bari A, DiCesare J, Babayan D, Runcie M, Sparks H, Wilson B. Neuromodulation for substance addiction in human subjects: A review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 95:33-43. [PMID: 30268433 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Substance abuse is one of the most prevalent and costly health problems in the world today. Standard medical therapy is often not curative, and relapse is common. Research over the past several decades on the neural underpinnings of addiction has implicated a network of structures within the brain shown to be altered in patients with substance abuse. The field of neuromodulation aims to utilize this knowledge to treat dysfunctional circuits by targeting and modulating specific brain circuits. While invasive neuromodulation such as DBS and VNS have proven to be effective in treating movement disorders, OCD and epilepsy, there is increasing interest and data with regards to its potential application for the treatment of severe, intractable addiction. Several neuromodulatory techniques and brain targets are currently under investigation in patients with various substance abuse disorders. This review aims to summarize the current state of evidence for neurosurgical neuromodulation as a therapy for substance abuse and addiction, and to provide additional expert opinions as to the obstacles and future directions of this endeavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ausaf Bari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles 300 Stein Plaza Driveway #420, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Jasmine DiCesare
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles 300 Stein Plaza Driveway #420, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Diana Babayan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles 300 Stein Plaza Driveway #420, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Mariama Runcie
- School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Hiro Sparks
- School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Bayard Wilson
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles 300 Stein Plaza Driveway #420, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
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47
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Pardo-Vazquez JL, Acuña C. Using experience to improve: how errors shape behavior and brain activity in monkeys. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5395. [PMID: 30065901 PMCID: PMC6065460 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous works have shown that neurons from the ventral premotor cortex (PMv) represent several elements of perceptual decisions. One of the most striking findings was that, after the outcome of the choice is known, neurons from PMv encode all the information necessary for evaluating the decision process. These results prompted us to suggest that this cortical area could be involved in shaping future behavior. In this work, we have characterized neuronal activity and behavioral performance as a function of the outcome of the previous trial. We found that the outcome of the immediately previous trial (n-1) significantly changes, in the current trial (n), the activity of single cells and behavioral performance. The outcome of trial n-2, however, does not affect either behavior or neuronal activity. Moreover, the outcome of difficult trials had a greater impact on performance and recruited more PMv neurons than the outcome of easy trials. These results give strong support to our suggestion that PMv neurons evaluate the decision process and use this information to modify future behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Pardo-Vazquez
- Laboratorios de Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Circuit Dynamics and Computation Laboratory, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos Acuña
- Laboratorios de Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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48
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Obst E, Schad DJ, Huys QJ, Sebold M, Nebe S, Sommer C, Smolka MN, Zimmermann US. Drunk decisions: Alcohol shifts choice from habitual towards goal-directed control in adolescent intermediate-risk drinkers. J Psychopharmacol 2018; 32:855-866. [PMID: 29764270 DOI: 10.1177/0269881118772454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies in humans and animals suggest a shift from goal-directed to habitual decision-making in addiction. We therefore tested whether acute alcohol administration reduces goal-directed and promotes habitual decision-making, and whether these effects are moderated by self-reported drinking problems. METHODS Fifty-three socially drinking males completed the two-step task in a randomised crossover design while receiving an intravenous infusion of ethanol (blood alcohol level=80 mg%), or placebo. To minimise potential bias by long-standing heavy drinking and subsequent neuropsychological impairment, we tested 18- to 19-year-old adolescents. RESULTS Alcohol administration consistently reduced habitual, model-free decisions, while its effects on goal-directed, model-based behaviour varied as a function of drinking problems measured with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. While adolescents with low risk for drinking problems (scoring <8) exhibited an alcohol-induced numerical reduction in goal-directed choices, intermediate-risk drinkers showed a shift away from habitual towards goal-directed decision-making, such that alcohol possibly even improved their performance. CONCLUSIONS We assume that alcohol disrupted basic cognitive functions underlying habitual and goal-directed decisions in low-risk drinkers, thereby enhancing hasty choices. Further, we speculate that intermediate-risk drinkers benefited from alcohol as a negative reinforcer that reduced unpleasant emotional states, possibly displaying a novel risk factor for drinking in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Obst
- 1 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel J Schad
- 2 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
- 3 Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Potsdam, Germany
| | - Quentin Jm Huys
- 4 Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Zürich, Switzerland
- 5 Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich, Switzerland
- 6 Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Sebold
- 2 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
- 3 Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Potsdam, Germany
| | - Stephan Nebe
- 1 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Sommer
- 1 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael N Smolka
- 1 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Zimmermann
- 1 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
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Neural correlates of correct and failed response inhibition in heavy versus light social drinkers: an fMRI study during a go/no-go task by healthy participants. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 11:1796-1811. [PMID: 27832450 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9654-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The ability to suppress responses that are inappropriate, as well as the mechanisms monitoring the accuracy of actions in order to compensate for errors, is central to human behavior. Neural alterations that prevent stopping an inaccurate response, combined with a decreased ability of error monitoring, are considered to be prominent features of alcohol abuse. Moreover, (i) alterations of these processes have been reported in heavy social drinkers (i.e. young healthy individuals who do not yet exhibit a state of alcohol dependence); and (ii) through longitudinal studies, these alterations have been shown to underlie subsequent disinhibition that may lead to future alcohol use disorders. In the present functional magnetic resonance imaging study, using a contextual Go/No-Go task, we investigated whether different neural networks subtended correct inhibitions and monitoring mechanisms of failed inhibitory trials in light versus heavy social drinkers. We show that, although successful inhibition did not lead to significant changes, neural networks involved in error monitoring are different in light versus heavy drinkers. Thus, while light drinkers exhibited activations in their right inferior frontal, right middle cingulate and left superior temporal areas; heavy drinkers exhibited activations in their right cerebellum, left caudate nucleus, left superior occipital region, and left amygdala. These data are functionally interpreted as reflecting a "visually-driven emotional strategy" vs. an "executive-based" neural response to errors in heavy and light drinkers, respectively. Such a difference is interpreted as a key-factor that may subtend the transition from a controlled social heavy consumption to a state of clinical alcohol dependence.
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50
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Lo SL. A meta-analytic review of the event-related potentials (ERN and N2) in childhood and adolescence: Providing a developmental perspective on the conflict monitoring theory. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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