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Tran DMD, Double KS, Johnston IN, Westbrook RF, Harris IM. Consumption of a diet high in fat and sugar is associated with worse spatial navigation ability in a virtual environment. Int J Obes (Lond) 2025:10.1038/s41366-025-01776-8. [PMID: 40247089 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-025-01776-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2025] [Revised: 03/18/2025] [Accepted: 03/27/2025] [Indexed: 04/19/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Western diet is rich in saturated fats and refined sugars. Overconsumption of this diet can lead to obesity, metabolic and cardiovascular disease, as well as certain types of cancers. Evidence suggests that this diet also has adverse effects on cognitive function. Regular consumption of fats and sugars is associated with faster rates of age-related cognitive decline in middle age and older adults. Experimental studies using rodent models show that diets high in fats and sugars can impair brain functions, particularly in the hippocampus, affecting spatial learning and memory. METHODS The current study tested the relationship between diet and spatial navigation ability in people using a virtual reality maze. Accurate performance in the maze requires participants to estimate distance and direction information to track self-referential positioning and remember landmark locations. RESULTS We found that young adults who frequently consumed foods high in fat and sugar were worse at remembering the location of a treasure chest in the virtual maze. Critically, this relationship remained after controlling for body mass index and performance on a non-spatial task. CONCLUSIONS The results highlight the impact of diet beyond traditional indicators of physical health, and reveal the specificity of the association between diet and spatial ability. These findings are consistent with those from animal studies and are the first to reveal the adverse effect of diet on spatial learning and memory in a task that requires navigation in three-dimensional space. The results confirm the importance of making healthy dietary choices for cognitive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic M D Tran
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Kit S Double
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ian N Johnston
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Irina M Harris
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Chowdhury A, Rao BSS, Laxmi TR. Saturated and poly-unsaturated fat-rich dietary supplements during adolescence restore risky decision-making behaviour in rats pre-exposed to early-life stress. Physiol Behav 2025; 292:114821. [PMID: 39862942 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2024] [Revised: 01/21/2025] [Accepted: 01/22/2025] [Indexed: 01/27/2025]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that early-life stress (ELS) induced by early maternal separation and isolation (MS) stress during the stress hyporesponsive period (SHRP) leads to increased curiosity-like and increased risky decision-making behaviour in adolescence. Evidence suggests that dietary interventions early in adolescence could play an important role in mitigating the detrimental effects of MS stress on risky decision-making behaviour. Hence, the present study hypothesized that nutritional supplements such as saturated fat (SFA) and/or polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) would be beneficial in ameliorating the impact of MS stress on risky decision-making behaviour when incorporated into the diet during early adolescence. NC and MS rats were subjected to the Risky Decision-Taking Task (RDTT) to assess the rats' ability to make decisions under risky conditions. The results showed that MS rats took less time to cross the risky zone to collect a large reward. However, when an SFA-rich and PUFA-rich diet was provided, the latency of the MS rats increased. Similarly, MS stress-induced reduction in risk assessment was restored to normal with the SFA and PUFA-rich diet. Risk-index (RI) values also showed a similar trend with reduced RI values in MS, but nutritional supplementation increased the RI values making it comparable to that NC. Correlation analysis has further revealed a direct correlation between the anxiety-like behaviour and the risk-taking tendency in MS rats and not in the NC group. SFA-rich diet led to a positive correlation between anxiety-like and risk-taking behaviour. These findings thus support the hypothesis that PUFA- and SFA-rich diet may be introduced at adolescence to mitigate MS-stress induced increased risky decision-making behaviour due to a deficit in risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abanti Chowdhury
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - B S Shankaranarayana Rao
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - T R Laxmi
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India.
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Yeh CW, Lee MS, Lo YTC, Chen YC, Chen WC, Huang YC. Relationship between dietary diversity, eating behavior, and cognitive performance in economically disadvantaged school children. Nutrition 2025; 131:112658. [PMID: 39733654 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 11/21/2024] [Accepted: 11/25/2024] [Indexed: 12/31/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effect of dietary diversity and eating behavior on attention, and concentration among children lacking in resources is unclear. We aim to investigate the association between dietary diversity, eating behavior, and cognitive abilities among economically disadvantaged children at high risk of cognitive impairment. METHODS This study enrolled 676 children aged 10-12 years from 16 free academic tutoring centers across Taiwan. Demographic and dietary behavior data were collected through self-administered questionnaires. Cognitive abilities, specifically attention and concentration, were assessed using the following validated tools: The Attention Test for Elementary School Children and the Concentration Questionnaire. RESULTS Those who reported poor concentration and attention tend to have a higher prevalence of obesity. After adjustment for confounding variables by general linear model, a significant positive correlation was identified between dietary diversity score (DDS) and classroom concentration score (regression coefficient (β) = 0.24; P < 0.0001). Conversely, the frequency of unhealthy food intake exhibited a negative correlation with concentration (β: -0.09; P = 0.025). Moreover, a negative correlation was observed between the frequency of instant food intake and the attention (β: -0.08; P = 0.04) and concentration scores (β: -0.09; P = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS Enhancing dietary diversity and reducing unfavorable food intake may improve cognitive performance in socioeconomically disadvantaged children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-Wen Yeh
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Meei-Shuyuan Lee
- Department of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ting C Lo
- Department of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chieh Chen
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Nutrition, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Lukang Zhen, Changhwa County, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Chen
- Boyo Social Welfare Foundation, Puli Township, Nantou County, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Huang
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Solch-Ottaiano RJ, Engler-Chiurazzi EB, Harper C, Wasson S, Ogbonna S, Ouvrier B, Wang H, Prats M, McDonald K, Biose IJ, Rowe LA, Jones M, Steele C, Bix G, Maraganore DM. Comparison Between Two Divergent Diets, Mediterranean and Western, on Gut Microbiota and Cognitive Function in Young Sprague Dawley Rats. GUT MICROBES REPORTS 2024; 1:1-21. [PMID: 39916748 PMCID: PMC11800364 DOI: 10.1080/29933935.2024.2439490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 11/19/2024] [Accepted: 12/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2025]
Abstract
Clinical studies strongly suggest the importance of diet quality on cognition in youth populations (15-24 years). The Mediterranean diet (MeDi) has been shown to improve cognition in contrast to the commonly consumed Western diet (WD). The gut microbiota may serve as a mechanism for diet-induced changes in cognition. Ten-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats were assigned a MeDi or WD (n=10/group) for 14 weeks. Prior to neurobehavior assessments, microbiota community composition was assessed. At the genus level, the relative abundance of four bacteria increased with the MeDi and five decreased compared to the WD. Rats in the MeDi group demonstrated cognitive flexibility and improvement in reference and working memory relative to the WD group. At the end of the study, serum cytokines were increased, and low-density lipoproteins were decreased in the MeDi group. Markers for neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier, glial cells, and synaptic plasticity in brain regions did not differ between groups. Overall, the MeDi modulated gut microbiota, cognitive function, and serum lipid and cytokines but not gene expression in the brain compared to the WD. Further studies are needed to determine causality between diet-modulated gut microbiota, cognitive function, and immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. Solch-Ottaiano
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Elizabeth B. Engler-Chiurazzi
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Colin Harper
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Savannah Wasson
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sharon Ogbonna
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Blake Ouvrier
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Hanyun Wang
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Madison Prats
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Katherine McDonald
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ifechukwude J. Biose
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Lori A. Rowe
- Virus Characterization, Isolation, Production and Sequencing Core, Department of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - MaryJane Jones
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Chad Steele
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Gregory Bix
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Demetrius M. Maraganore
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
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dos Santos JVL, de Melo ISV, Costa CACB, de Almeida LC, Silva DR, Ferro DC, Paula DTC, Macena MDL, Bueno NB. Association Between Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Cognitive Performance Among Adolescent Students From Underdeveloped Cities in Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Public Health 2024; 69:1607658. [PMID: 39439747 PMCID: PMC11493626 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2024.1607658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The association between ultra-processed foods (UPF) consumption and cognitive performance needs to be better characterized in adolescents, especially in low-income settings, where the cost of human capital is high. This study investigated the association between cognitive performance and UPF in adolescents from the countryside of the Brazilian Northeast. Methods Adolescents (15-18 years old) from three public high schools were included. Food intake was assessed using three 24-hour dietary recalls. The classification of foods as UPF was determined according to the Nova classification. Cognitive performance was evaluated using the Non-Verbal General Intelligence Test. Results 116 adolescents were included, of which 50 (43.1%) showed low cognitive performance. The average energy intake was 1973.5 kcal, with 24.2% coming from UPF. Participants with low cognitive performance consumed 26.5% (95% CI: [22.2; 30.7]%) of daily energy intake from UPF compared to 22.5% ([18.8; 26.2]%) of those with medium-high cognitive performance (P = 0.17), without differences in energy and macronutrient intake. Conclusion Despite similar UPF consumption compared to the Brazilian average, no association was found between UPF consumption and cognitive performance in this low-income adolescent sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Victor Laurindo dos Santos
- Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
- Satuba Campus, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Alagoas, Satuba, Brazil
| | | | - Clara Andrezza Crisóstomo Bezerra Costa
- Satuba Campus, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Alagoas, Satuba, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nassib Bezerra Bueno
- Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
- Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Su X, Li Q, Yang M, Zhang W, Liu X, Ba Y, Deng Q, Zhang Y, Han L, Huang H. Resveratrol protects against a high-fat diet-induced neuroinflammation by suppressing mitochondrial fission via targeting SIRT1/PGC-1α. Exp Neurol 2024; 380:114899. [PMID: 39059737 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Various health issues have emerged due to consuming high-fat diets (HFD), particularly the detrimental impact they have on mitochondrial dynamics and subsequet cognition functions. Specially, mitochondrial fission can serve as an upstream signal in the regulation of cortical inflammation and neural pyroptosis. Our study was designed to verify the existence of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of HFD-induced cognitive dysfunction and demonstrated that resveratrol (RSV) attenuated neural deficits via regulation of cortical mitochondrial fission. A total of 50 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: control (Cont, 26 weeks on normal rodent diet); high-fat diet (HFD); dietary adjustments (HFD + ND); resveratrol intervention (HFD + R); joint intervention (HFD + ND + R) for 26 weeks. The spatial learning and memory function, spine density, NLRP3 inflammasome associated protein, mRNA and protein expression involved in mitochondrial dynamics and SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway in brain were measured. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and resultant mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) alteration in PC12 cells exposed to palmitic acid (PA) or Drp1 inhibitor (Mdivi-1) were detected to reflect mitochondrial function. The findings suggested that prolonged treatment of RSV improved cognitive deficits and neuronal damage induced by HFD, potentially attributed to activation of the SIRT1/PGC-1α axis. We further indicated that the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in PA (200 μM) treated PC12 cells could be inhibited by Mdivi-1. More importantly, Mdivi-1 (10 μM) reduced intracellular ROS levels and enhanced MMP by reversing Drp1-mediated aberrant mitochondrial fission. To summarize, those results clearly indicated that a HFD inhibited the SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway, which contributed to an imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics and the onset of NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis. This effect was mitigated by the RSV possibly through triggering the SIRT1/PGC-1α axis, prevented aberrant mitochondrial fission and thus inhibited the activation of the NLRP3 inflammatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Su
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
| | - Qiong Li
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
| | - Mingzhi Yang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
| | - Xiaoxue Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
| | - Yue Ba
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
| | - Qihong Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China; Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China; Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Lin Han
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China; Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China.
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Langner J, Langston K, Mrachek A, Faitak B, Martin P, Cueto A, Clampitt JL, Long CR, Bartow A, Bodey S, McElfish PA. Creating Healthy Environments for Schools: A Comprehensive Approach to Improving Nutrition in Arkansas Public Schools. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2024; 94:653-660. [PMID: 38267004 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrition plays a vital role in children's physical and emotional health. More than half of school age children's calories are provided in the school food environment, making school interventions an opportunity to address child nutrition. METHODS The Creating Health Environments for Schools (CHEFS) program is designed to leverage local resources to create customized solutions that improve the nutritional content of school food and encourage children to choose healthier food. There are 8 components: (1) customizing nutrition plans, (2) modifying/replacing menu items, (3) helping procure healthier food, (4) providing equipment grants, (5) training cafeteria staff, (6) implementing environmental changes and nudges, (7) engaging students and parents, and (8) supporting sustainability. Supporting child nutrition directors is key to facilitating cooperation with schools. IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITY Menu modifications and procurement are interrelated and depend on successfully collaborating with corporate, independent, and local food services organizations. Limited school budgets require low or no-cost solutions and staff training. Student and parent engagement are critical to facilitate culturally-appropriate solutions that increase awareness of healthy food. CONCLUSIONS Every school district has particular resources and constraints. CHEFs engaged stakeholders to design customized solutions and encourage healthier nutrition for school children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Langner
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Springdale, AR, 72762
| | - Krista Langston
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Springdale, AR, 72762
| | - Ally Mrachek
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Springdale, AR, 72762
| | - Bonnie Faitak
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Springdale, AR, 72762
| | - Pamela Martin
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Springdale, AR, 72762
| | - Alexa Cueto
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Springdale, AR, 72762
| | - Jennifer L Clampitt
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Springdale, AR, 72762
| | | | | | | | - Pearl A McElfish
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Springdale, AR, 72762
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N'Diaye M, Ducourneau EG, Bakoyiannis I, Potier M, Lafenetre P, Ferreira G. Obesogenic diet induces sex-specific alterations of contextual fear memory and associated hippocampal activity in mice. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae254. [PMID: 38934712 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In addition to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders, obesity is associated with cognitive deficits in humans and animal models. We have previously shown that obesogenic high-fat and sugar diet intake during adolescence (adoHFSD) impairs hippocampus (HPC)-dependent memory in rodents. These results were obtained in males only and it remains to evaluate whether adoHFSD has similar effect in females. Therefore, here, we investigated the effects of adoHFSD consumption on HPC-dependent contextual fear memory and associated brain activation in male and female mice. Exposure to adoHFSD increased fat mass accumulation and glucose levels in both males and females but impaired contextual fear memory only in males. Compared with females, contextual fear conditioning induced higher neuronal activation in the dorsal and ventral HPC (CA1 and CA3 subfields) as well as in the medial prefrontal cortex in males. Also, adoHFSD-fed males showed enhanced c-Fos expression in the dorsal HPC, particularly in the dentate gyrus, and in the basolateral amygdala compared with the other groups. Finally, chemogenetic inactivation of the dorsal HPC rescued adoHFSD-induced memory deficits in males. Our results suggest that males are more vulnerable to the effects of adoHFSD on HPC-dependent aversive memory than females, due to overactivation of the dorsal HPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matéo N'Diaye
- NutriNeuro Lab, FoodCircus Team, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1286 INRAE, Bordeaux INP, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Eva-Gunnel Ducourneau
- NutriNeuro Lab, FoodCircus Team, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1286 INRAE, Bordeaux INP, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Ioannis Bakoyiannis
- NutriNeuro Lab, FoodCircus Team, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1286 INRAE, Bordeaux INP, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mylène Potier
- NutriNeuro Lab, FoodCircus Team, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1286 INRAE, Bordeaux INP, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Pauline Lafenetre
- NutriNeuro Lab, FoodCircus Team, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1286 INRAE, Bordeaux INP, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Guillaume Ferreira
- NutriNeuro Lab, FoodCircus Team, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1286 INRAE, Bordeaux INP, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
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Jalanko P, Bond B, Laukkanen JA, Brage S, Ekelund U, Laitinen T, Määttä S, Kähönen M, Haapala EA, Lakka TA. Association between arterial health and cognition in adolescents: The PANIC study. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16024. [PMID: 38697946 PMCID: PMC11065692 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated the associations of the measures of arterial health with cognition in adolescents and whether physical activity (PA) or sedentary time (ST) confounds these associations. One hundred sixteen adolescents (71 boys) aged 15.9 ± 0.4 participated in the study. PA and ST were assessed using a combined accelerometer/heart rate monitor. Overall cognition was computed from the results of psychomotor function, attention, working memory, and paired-associate learning tests. Pulse wave velocity was measured by impedance cardiography, carotid intima-media thickness, and carotid artery distensibility by carotid ultrasonography. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) were measured using an aneroid sphygmomanometer. SBP was inversely associated with overall cognition (standardized regression coefficient [β] = -0.216, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.406 to -0.027, p = 0.025). Pulse wave velocity (β = -0.199, 95% CI -0.382 to -0.017, p = 0.033) was inversely associated with working memory task accuracy. SBP was directly associated with reaction time in the attention (β = 0.256, 95% CI 0.069 to 0.443, p = 0.008) and errors in the paired-associate learning tasks (β = 0.308, 95% CI 0.126 to 0.489, p = 0.001). Blood pressure was inversely associated with overall cognition. PA or ST did not confound the associations. Results suggest that preventing high blood pressure is important for promoting cognition in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petri Jalanko
- Faculty of Sport and Health SciencesUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
- Helsinki Clinic for Sports and Exercise MedicineFoundation for Sports and Exercise MedicineHelsinkiFinland
| | - Bert Bond
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Jari A. Laukkanen
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
- Department of MedicineCentral Finland Health Care District Hospital DistrictJyväskyläFinland
| | - Soren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology UnitUniversity of Cambridge School of Clinical MedicineCambridgeUK
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports MedicineNorwegian School of Sport SciencesOsloNorway
| | - Tomi Laitinen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear ImagingUniversity of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University HospitalKuopioFinland
| | - Sara Määttä
- Department of Clinical NeurophysiologyKuopio University HospitalKuopioFinland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical PhysiologyTampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere UniversityTampereFinland
| | - Eero A. Haapala
- Faculty of Sport and Health SciencesUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of MedicineUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Timo A. Lakka
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear ImagingUniversity of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University HospitalKuopioFinland
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of MedicineUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
- Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and NutritionKuopio Research Institute of Exercise MedicineKuopioFinland
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10
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Bakoyiannis I, Ducourneau EG, N'diaye M, Fermigier A, Ducroix-Crepy C, Bosch-Bouju C, Coutureau E, Trifilieff P, Ferreira G. Obesogenic diet induces circuit-specific memory deficits in mice. eLife 2024; 13:e80388. [PMID: 38436653 PMCID: PMC10911750 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with neurocognitive dysfunction, including memory deficits. This is particularly worrisome when obesity occurs during adolescence, a maturational period for brain structures critical for cognition. In rodent models, we recently reported that memory impairments induced by obesogenic high-fat diet (HFD) intake during the periadolescent period can be reversed by chemogenetic manipulation of the ventral hippocampus (vHPC). Here, we used an intersectional viral approach in HFD-fed male mice to chemogenetically inactivate specific vHPC efferent pathways to nucleus accumbens (NAc) or medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) during memory tasks. We first demonstrated that HFD enhanced activation of both pathways after training and that our chemogenetic approach was effective in normalizing this activation. Inactivation of the vHPC-NAc pathway rescued HFD-induced deficits in recognition but not location memory. Conversely, inactivation of the vHPC-mPFC pathway restored location but not recognition memory impairments produced by HFD. Either pathway manipulation did not affect exploration or anxiety-like behaviour. These findings suggest that HFD intake throughout adolescence impairs different types of memory through overactivation of specific hippocampal efferent pathways and that targeting these overactive pathways has therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Bakoyiannis
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33077BordeauxFrance
| | - Eva Gunnel Ducourneau
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33077BordeauxFrance
| | - Mateo N'diaye
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33077BordeauxFrance
| | - Alice Fermigier
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33077BordeauxFrance
| | - Celine Ducroix-Crepy
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33077BordeauxFrance
| | - Clementine Bosch-Bouju
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33077BordeauxFrance
| | | | - Pierre Trifilieff
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33077BordeauxFrance
| | - Guillaume Ferreira
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33077BordeauxFrance
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11
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Hayes AMR, Kao AE, Ahuja A, Subramanian KS, Klug ME, Rea JJ, Nourbash AC, Tsan L, Kanoski SE. Early- but not late-adolescent Western diet consumption programs for long-lasting memory impairments in male but not female rats. Appetite 2024; 194:107150. [PMID: 38049033 PMCID: PMC11033621 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Early life Western diet (WD) consumption leads to impaired memory function, particularly for processes mediated by the hippocampus. However, the precise critical developmental window(s) during which WD exposure negatively impacts hippocampal function are unknown. Here, we exposed male and female rats to a WD model involving free access to a variety of high-fat and/or high-sugar food and drink items during either the early-adolescent period (postnatal days [PN] 26-41; WD-EA) or late-adolescent period (PN 41-56; WD-LA). Control (CTL) rats were given healthy standard chow throughout both periods. To evaluate long-lasting memory capacity well beyond the early life WD exposure periods, we performed behavioral assessments after both a short (4 weeks for WD-EA, 2 weeks for WD-LA) and long (12 weeks for WD-EA, 10 weeks for WD-LA) period of healthy diet intervention. Results revealed no differences in body weight or body composition between diet groups, regardless of sex. Following the shorter period of healthy diet intervention, both male and female WD-EA and WD-LA rats showed deficits in hippocampal-dependent memory compared to CTL rats. Following the longer healthy diet intervention period, memory impairments persisted in male WD-EA but not WD-LA rats. In contrast, in female rats the longer healthy diet intervention reversed the initial memory impairments in both WD-EA and WD-LA rats. Collectively, these findings reveal that early-adolescence is a critical period of long-lasting hippocampal vulnerability to dietary insults in male but not female rats, thus highlighting developmental- and sex-specific effects mediating the relationship between the early life nutritional environment and long-term cognitive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M R Hayes
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alicia E Kao
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arun Ahuja
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Keshav S Subramanian
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Molly E Klug
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jessica J Rea
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anna C Nourbash
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linda Tsan
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scott E Kanoski
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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12
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Iglesias López MT, Marchena-Giráldez CA, Bernabéu-Brotons E. Nutrient intake, alcohol consumption, emotional eating and anxiety in women nursing students. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22903. [PMID: 38144331 PMCID: PMC10746424 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of the study was to analyze dietary habits, alcohol habits, emotional eating and anxiety in a sample of Spanish nursing students. These students appear to be essential to the field of public health and to teaching their future patients about their own good practices. Methods A cross-sectional investigation was conducted. Participants completed the Emotional Eater Questionnaire, the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) test to evaluate alcohol intake, the State-Trait anxiety Inventory (STAI) test to measure levels of anxiety as a state and anxiety as a trait, and self-reported sociodemographic data. Following classroom instruction, three-day food records were used to gauge food intake. Results The calorie intake for the macronutrients Ca, Mg, K, and Fe were below the Recommended Dietary Intakes (DRI) and imbalanced. The percentage E of proteins was 132.7 % more than recommended, while the percentage of carbohydrates is below the recommended level. Dietary energy consumption barely equaled 78 % of the total energy consumed by this sex and age group. With respect to emotional eating, nursing women students were low emotional eater (44 %) > emotional eater (30 %) > non-emotional eater (22.7 %). The students' emotional eating is substantially connected with fast food and sweets, or less healthy food intake behaviors. According to the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), 82.7 % of female students used alcohol on a regular basis in a low-risk manner. Conclusion The findings demonstrated a link between anxiety and dietary fat intake. Trait anxiety was negatively connected with emotional eating (EE), whereas state anxiety was positively correlated with meat consumption. It is crucial to consider these findings when creating prevention/intervention plans and profiles of harmful eating behaviors.
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13
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Naveed S, Sallinen T, Eloranta AM, Skog H, Jalkanen H, Brage S, Ekelund U, Pentikäinen H, Savonen K, Lakka TA, Haapala EA. Effects of 2-year dietary and physical activity intervention on cognition in children-a nonrandomized controlled trial. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:2340-2350. [PMID: 37555467 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE We investigated the effects of a combined dietary and PA intervention on cognition in children and whether changes in diet quality, PA, sedentary behavior (SB), and sedentary time (ST) are associated with changes in cognition. METHODS We conducted a 2-year nonrandomized controlled trial in 504 children aged 6-9 years at baseline. The children were allocated to a combined dietary and PA intervention group (n = 237) or a control group (n = 160) without blinding. INTERVENTIONS The children and their parents allocated to the intervention group had six dietary counseling sessions of 30-45 min and six PA counseling sessions of 30-45 min during the 2-year intervention period. The children were also encouraged to participate in after-school exercise clubs. Cognition was assessed by the Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices. We assessed dietary factors by 4 days food records and computed the Baltic Sea Diet Score (BSDS) as a measure of diet quality. PA and ST were assessed by a combined heart rate and body movement monitor, types of PA and SB by a questionnaire. RESULTS The intervention had no effect on cognition. Increased BSDS and consumption of low-fat milk and decreased consumption of red meat and sausages were associated with improved cognition over 2 years. Increased organized sports, ST, and reading were positively, while unsupervised PA, computer use, and writing were negatively associated with cognition. CONCLUSION Combined dietary and PA intervention had no effect on cognition. Improved diet quality and increased organized sports and reading were associated with improved cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehrish Naveed
- Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Taisa Sallinen
- Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- University of Eastern Finland Library Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aino-Maija Eloranta
- Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hannamari Skog
- Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Henna Jalkanen
- Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Soren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences (NIH), Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Kai Savonen
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eero A Haapala
- Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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14
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Hayes AMR, Kao AE, Ahuja A, Subramanian KS, Klug ME, Rea JJ, Nourbash AC, Tsan L, Kanoski SE. Early- but not late-adolescent Western diet consumption programs for long-lasting memory impairments in male but not female rats. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.24.563808. [PMID: 37961703 PMCID: PMC10634796 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.24.563808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Early life Western diet (WD) consumption leads to impaired memory function, particularly for processes mediated by the hippocampus. However, the precise critical developmental window(s) during which WD exposure negatively impacts hippocampal function are unknown. Here, we exposed male and female rats to a WD model involving free access to a variety of high-fat and/or high-sugar food and drink items during either the early-adolescent period (postnatal days [PN] 26-41; WD-EA) or late-adolescent period (PN 41-56; WD-LA). Control (CTL) rats were given healthy standard chow throughout both periods. To evaluate long-lasting memory capacity well beyond the early life WD exposure periods, we performed behavioral assessments after both a short (4 weeks for WD-EA, 2 weeks for WD-LA) and long (12 weeks for WD-EA, 10 weeks for WD-LA) period of healthy diet intervention. Results revealed no differences in body weight or body composition between diet groups, regardless of sex. Following the shorter period of healthy diet intervention, both male and female WD-EA and WD-LA rats showed deficits in hippocampal-dependent memory compared to CTL rats. Following the longer healthy diet intervention period, memory impairments persisted in male WD-EA but not WD-LA rats. In contrast, in female rats the longer healthy diet intervention reversed the initial memory impairments in both WD-EA and WD-LA rats. Collectively, these findings reveal that early-adolescence is a critical period of long-lasting hippocampal vulnerability to dietary insults in male but not female rats, thus highlighting developmental- and sex-specific effects mediating the relationship between the early life nutritional environment and long-term cognitive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. R. Hayes
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alicia E. Kao
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arun Ahuja
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Keshav S. Subramanian
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Molly E. Klug
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jessica J. Rea
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anna C. Nourbash
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linda Tsan
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scott E. Kanoski
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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15
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Atak S, Boye A, Peciña S, Liu ZX. High-fat-sugar diet is associated with impaired hippocampus-dependent memory in humans. Physiol Behav 2023; 268:114225. [PMID: 37150429 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Overconsumption of high-fat and high-sugar (HFS) diet may affect the hippocampus, and consequently, memory functions. Yet, converging evidence is needed to demonstrate that the type of memory affected by HFS diet consumption is indeed hippocampus dependent. Moreover, the extent to which HFS diet can also affect executive functioning, and indirectly affect memory requires further examination. In this online study, we asked 349 young adults to report their HFS diet consumption and complete a word memory task, the Everyday Memory Questionnaire, and importantly two memory tasks that have been shown to robustly engage the hippocampus, i.e., the Pattern Separation and Associative Memory Tasks. Participants also completed two executive functioning tasks, the Trail Making Task (TMT) and the Stroop Task. These measures assess attention/cognitive flexibility and the ability to inhibit cognitive interference, respectively. After controlling for confounding variables, we found that participants who reported higher level consumption of a HFS diet performed worse on the Pattern Separation Task and that higher HFS intake was significantly associated with poorer TMT task performance and longer Stroop average reaction time (RT). TMT and Stroop RT scores indicative of reduced executive function also partially mediated the relationship between HFS diet and memory performance on the pattern separation task. Taken together, our results provide converging evidence that HFS diet may impair hippocampus-dependent memory. HFS diet may also affect executive functioning and indirectly impair memory function. The findings are consistent with human subject and animal studies and call for further investigations on the psychological and neural mechanisms underlying the dietary effects on cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selen Atak
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, The University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, United States of America
| | - Alyssa Boye
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, The University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, United States of America
| | - Susana Peciña
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, The University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, United States of America
| | - Zhong-Xu Liu
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, The University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, United States of America.
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16
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Keller KL, Pearce AL, Fuchs B, Hallisky K, Rolls BJ, Wilson SJ, Geier C, Rose EJ. Children with lower ratings of executive functions have a greater response to the portion size effect. Appetite 2023; 186:106569. [PMID: 37059397 PMCID: PMC10213140 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Deficits in executive functions (EFs), a set of cognitive processes related to self-regulation, are associated with the development of obesity. Prior studies from our group showed that lower food-cue related activation in brain regions implicated in self-regulation was related to a larger portion size effect. We tested the hypothesis that lower EFs in children would be positively related to the portion size effect. Healthy weight children aged 7-8 y (n = 88), who varied by maternal obesity status, participated in a prospective study. At baseline, the parent primarily in charge of feeding completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF2) to assess child EFs, including Behavioral (BRI), Emotional (ERI), and Cognitive (CRI) indices. At 4 baseline sessions, children consumed meals in which the portion sizes of foods (pasta, chicken nuggets, broccoli, and grapes) varied by visit (total meal weight of 769, 1011, 1256, or 1492g). Intake increased with increasing portions in a linear trajectory (p < 0.001). EFs moderated the portion size effect such that lower BRI (p = 0.003) and ERI (p = 0.006) were associated with steeper increases in intake as portions increased. As amount of food increased, children in the lowest functioning tertiles for BRI and ERI increased intake by 35% and 36%, respectively, compared to children in the higher tertiles. Increases in intake among children with lower EFs were for higher- but not lower-energy-dense foods. Thus, in healthy weight children who varied by obesity risk, lower parentally reported EFs were associated with a larger portion size effect, and these results were independent of child and parent weight status. Therefore, EFs may be target behaviors that could be strengthened to help children moderate excess intake in response to large portions of energy-dense foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen L Keller
- Department of Nutritional Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Social Science Research Institute, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Alaina L Pearce
- Department of Nutritional Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Social Science Research Institute, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Bari Fuchs
- Department of Nutritional Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Kyle Hallisky
- Department of Nutritional Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Barbara J Rolls
- Department of Nutritional Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Stephen J Wilson
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Charles Geier
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Emma J Rose
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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17
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Mou Y, Blok E, Barroso M, Jansen PW, White T, Voortman T. Dietary patterns, brain morphology and cognitive performance in children: Results from a prospective population-based study. Eur J Epidemiol 2023:10.1007/s10654-023-01012-5. [PMID: 37155025 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-023-01012-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Dietary patterns in childhood have been associated with child neurodevelopment and cognitive performance, while the underlying neurobiological pathway is unclear. We aimed to examine associations of dietary patterns in infancy and mid-childhood with pre-adolescent brain morphology, and whether diet-related differences in brain morphology mediate the relation with cognition. We included 1888 and 2326 children with dietary data at age one or eight years, respectively, and structural neuroimaging at age 10 years in the Generation R Study. Measures of brain morphology were obtained using magnetic resonance imaging. Dietary intake was assessed using food-frequency questionnaires, from which we derived diet quality scores based on dietary guidelines and dietary patterns using principal component analyses. Full scale IQ was estimated using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fifth Edition at age 13 years. Children with higher adherence to a dietary pattern labeled as 'Snack, processed foods and sugar' at age one year had smaller cerebral white matter volume at age 10 (B = -4.3, 95%CI -6.9, -1.7). At age eight years, higher adherence to a 'Whole grains, soft fats and dairy' pattern was associated with a larger total brain (B = 8.9, 95%CI 4.5, 13.3), and larger cerebral gray matter volumes at age 10 (B = 5.2, 95%CI 2.9, 7.5). Children with higher diet quality and better adherence to a 'Whole grains, soft fats and dairy' dietary pattern at age eight showed greater brain gyrification and larger surface area, clustered primarily in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. These observed differences in brain morphology mediated associations between dietary patterns and IQ. In conclusion, dietary patterns in early- and mid-childhood are associated with differences in brain morphology which may explain the relation between dietary patterns and neurodevelopment in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchan Mou
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabet Blok
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Monica Barroso
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pauline W Jansen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Section on Social and Cognitive Developmental Neuroscience, National Institutes of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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18
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Chen J, Wu F, Magnussen CG, Pahkala K, Juonala M, Hakala JO, Männistö S, Hutri-Kähönen N, Viikari JSA, Raitakari OT, Rovio SP. Dietary patterns from youth to adulthood and cognitive function in midlife: The cardiovascular risk in Young Finns Study. Nutrition 2023; 112:112063. [PMID: 37269718 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diet plays an important role in cognitive health, but the long-term association of diet early in life with cognitive function in adulthood has not, to our knowledge, been rigorously studied. The aim of this study was to examine the association of youth, adulthood, and long-term dietary patterns from youth to adulthood with cognitive function in midlife. METHODS This was a population-based cohort study that assessed dietary intake in 1980 (baseline, participants 3-18 y of age), 1986, 2001, 2007, and 2011 and cognitive function in 2011. Six dietary patterns were derived from 48-h food recall or food frequency questionnaires using factor analysis. The dietary patterns were traditional Finnish, high-carbohydrate, vegetables and dairy products, traditional Finnish and high-carbohydrate, red meat, and healthy. Scores of long-term dietary patterns were calculated as the average between youth and adulthood. Cognitive function outcomes assessed included episodic memory and associative learning, short-term working memory and problem solving, reaction and movement time, and visual processing and sustained attention. Standardized z-scores of exposures and outcomes were used for analyses. RESULTS Participants (n = 790, mean age 11.2 y) were followed up for 31 y. Multivariable models showed that both youth and long-term vegetable and dairy products and healthy patterns were positively associated with episodic memory and associative learning scores (β = 0.080-0.111, P < 0.05 for all). Both youth and long-term traditional Finnish patterns were negatively associated with spatial working memory and problem solving (β = -0.085 and -0.097, respectively; P < 0.05 for both). Long-term high-carbohydrate and traditional Finnish and high-carbohydrate patterns were inversely associated with visual processing and sustained attention, whereas the vegetable and dairy products pattern was positively associated with this cognitive domain (β = -0.117 to 0.073, P < 0.05 for all). Adulthood high-carbohydrate and traditional Finnish and high-carbohydrate patterns were inversely associated with all cognitive domains except for reaction and movement time (β = -0.072 to -0.161, P < 0.05 for all). Both long-term and adulthood red meat pattern were positively associated with visual processing and sustained attention (β = 0.079 and 0.104, respectively; P < 0.05 for both). These effect sizes correspond to approximately 1.6 to 16.1 y of cognitive aging on these cognitive domains. CONCLUSIONS Higher adherence to traditional Finnish, high-carbohydrate, and traditional Finnish and high-carbohydrate patterns across the early life course was associated with poorer cognitive function in midlife, whereas higher adherence to healthy and vegetable and dairy product patterns was associated with better cognitive function. The findings, if causative, highlight the importance of maintaining a healthy dietary pattern from early life to adulthood in an attempt to promote cognitive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feitong Wu
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Costan G Magnussen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports & Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physical Activity and Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Juuso O Hakala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports & Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physical Activity and Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Tampere Centre for Skills Training and Simulation, Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma S A Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Suvi P Rovio
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Macronutrient intake during infancy and neurodevelopment in preschool children from the EDEN mother-child cohort. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023:10.1038/s41430-023-01273-z. [PMID: 36806783 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01273-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the deleterious effect of micronutrient deficiency at sensitive periods on neurodevelopment is well established, the potential influence of macronutrient intake on early life neurodevelopment of healthy term infants has been seldomly studied. We aimed to explore whether macronutrient intake at 12 months was related to neurodevelopmental scores in preschool children. METHODS Analyses were based on data from the EDEN mother-child cohort. Macronutrient intake was assessed by 3-day food records at 12 months of age. Neurodevelopment was assessed at 3 years using the French version of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) (n = 914), and at 5-6 years, using the French version of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Third Edition (n = 785). An association between macronutrient intake and neurodevelopmental scores were analysed by multivariable linear regression for 3-year Full Score ASQ or 5-6-year intelligence quotient scores and multivariable logistic regression for 3-year ASQ subdomains. RESULTS Macronutrient intake in infancy was not associated with neurodevelopmental scores in preschool children. No association was found between PUFA intake and overall neurodevelopmental scores, after accounting for multiple testing. CONCLUSION In the present study, macronutrient intake at one year did not appear to influence the child's cognitive ability at 3 and 5-6 years. Further studies are needed to clarify the relationship between early fatty acid intake and neurodevelopment.
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Spagnuolo MS, Mazzoli A, Nazzaro M, Troise AD, Gatto C, Tonini C, Colardo M, Segatto M, Scaloni A, Pallottini V, Iossa S, Cigliano L. Long-Lasting Impact of Sugar Intake on Neurotrophins and Neurotransmitters from Adolescence to Young Adulthood in Rat Frontal Cortex. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1004-1020. [PMID: 36394711 PMCID: PMC9849314 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03115-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The detrimental impact of fructose, a widely used sweetener in industrial foods, was previously evidenced on various brain regions. Although adolescents are among the highest consumers of sweet foods, whether brain alterations induced by the sugar intake during this age persist until young adulthood or are rescued returning to a healthy diet remains largely unexplored. To shed light on this issue, just weaned rats were fed with a fructose-rich or control diet for 3 weeks. At the end of the treatment, fructose-fed rats underwent a control diet for a further 3 weeks until young adulthood phase and compared with animals that received from the beginning the healthy control diet. We focused on the consequences induced by the sugar on the main neurotrophins and neurotransmitters in the frontal cortex, as its maturation continues until late adolescence, thus being the last brain region to achieve a full maturity. We observed that fructose intake induces inflammation and oxidative stress, alteration of mitochondrial function, and changes of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin receptors, synaptic proteins, acetylcholine, dopamine, and glutamate levels, as well as increased formation of the glycation end-products Nε-carboxymethyllysine (CML) and Nε-carboxyethyllysine (CEL). Importantly, many of these alterations (BDNF, CML, CEL, acetylcholinesterase activity, dysregulation of neurotransmitters levels) persisted after switching to the control diet, thus pointing out to the adolescence as a critical phase, in which extreme attention should be devoted to limit an excessive consumption of sweet foods that can affect brain physiology also in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stefania Spagnuolo
- grid.419162.90000 0004 1781 6305Institute for the Animal Production System in the Mediterranean Environment, National Research Council, P.le E.Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Arianna Mazzoli
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Edificio 7, Via Cintia - I-80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Nazzaro
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Edificio 7, Via Cintia - I-80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Dario Troise
- grid.419162.90000 0004 1781 6305Institute for the Animal Production System in the Mediterranean Environment, National Research Council, P.le E.Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Cristina Gatto
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Edificio 7, Via Cintia - I-80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Tonini
- grid.8509.40000000121622106Department of Science, Biomedical and Technology Science Section, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - Mayra Colardo
- grid.10373.360000000122055422Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Pesche, Italy
| | - Marco Segatto
- grid.10373.360000000122055422Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Pesche, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- grid.419162.90000 0004 1781 6305Institute for the Animal Production System in the Mediterranean Environment, National Research Council, P.le E.Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Valentina Pallottini
- grid.8509.40000000121622106Department of Science, Biomedical and Technology Science Section, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy ,grid.417778.a0000 0001 0692 3437Neuroendocrinology Metabolism and Neuropharmacology Unit, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Iossa
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Edificio 7, Via Cintia - I-80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa Cigliano
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Edificio 7, Via Cintia - I-80126, Naples, Italy
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21
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Implication of saturated fats in the aetiology of childhood attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder - A narrative review. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 52:78-85. [PMID: 36513489 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common mental health disorder in the paediatric population. ADHD is highly comorbid with obesity, and has also been associated with poor dietary patterns such as increased consumption of refined carbohydrates and saturated fats. Although ADHD in children was associated with high consumption of saturated fats, so far there has been no evidence-based attempt to integrate dietary strategies controlling for intake of saturated fats into the etiological framework of the disorder. Evidence from human studies and animal models has shown that diets high in saturated fats are detrimental for the development of dopaminergic neurocircuitries, synthesis of neurofactors (e.g. brain derived neurotrophic factor) and may promote brain inflammatory processes. Notably, animal models provide evidence that early life consumption of a high saturated fats diet may impair the development of central dopamine pathways. In the present paper, we review the impact of high saturated fats diets on neurobiological processes in human studies and animal models, and how these associations may be relevant to the neuropathophysiology of ADHD in children. The validation of this relationship and its underlying mechanisms through future investigative studies could have implications for the prevention or exacerbation of ADHD symptoms, improve the understanding of the pathogenesis of the disorder, and help design future dietary studies in patients with ADHD.
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Marinoni M, Giordani E, Mosconi C, Rosolen V, Concina F, Fiori F, Carletti C, Knowles A, Pani P, Bin M, Ronfani L, Ferraroni M, Barbone F, Parpinel M, Edefonti V. Are Dietary Patterns Related to Cognitive Performance in 7-Year-Old Children? Evidence from a Birth Cohort in Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194168. [PMID: 36235820 PMCID: PMC9571625 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Research from different sources supports a link between nutrition and neurodevelopment, but evidence is still sparse regarding the relationship between a posteriori dietary patterns (DPs) and cognitive performance in school-aged children. Within the Northern Adriatic Cohort II, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy, 379 7-year-old children were cross-sectionally evaluated. Dietary patterns were identified through a principal component factor analysis based on 37 nutrients from children’s 3-day dietary records. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale of Children (WISC-IV) test provided measures of cognitive performance, including the full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) and single index scores. Each DP was related to FSIQ or single index scores through multiple robust linear regression models. We identified five DPs named “Dairy Products”, “Plant-based Foods”, “Fats”, “Meat and Potatoes”, and “Seafood” (63% of variance explained). After adjustment, no significant relationship was observed with the FSIQ score; positive associations were found between the “Seafood” DP and Verbal Comprehension Index or Perceptual Reasoning Index. The “Meat and Potatoes” and “Dairy Products” DPs were inversely associated with the Verbal Comprehension Index and Processing Speed Index scores, respectively. In the absence of a relation with the overall FSIQ score, single DPs might influence specific cognitive functions, including verbal and reasoning abilities, as targeted by single indexes, in the expected direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Marinoni
- Department of Medicine—DAME, University of Udine, Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0432-559601
| | - Elisa Giordani
- Department of Medicine—DAME, University of Udine, Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Cedric Mosconi
- Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Epidemiology “G.A. Maccacaro”, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 22, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Rosolen
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Via dell’Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Federica Concina
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Via dell’Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Federica Fiori
- Department of Medicine—DAME, University of Udine, Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Claudia Carletti
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Via dell’Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandra Knowles
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Via dell’Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Paola Pani
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Via dell’Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Maura Bin
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Via dell’Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Ronfani
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Via dell’Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Monica Ferraroni
- Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Epidemiology “G.A. Maccacaro”, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 22, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Barbone
- Department of Medicine—DAME, University of Udine, Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Institute of Hygiene and Clinical Epidemiology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Maria Parpinel
- Department of Medicine—DAME, University of Udine, Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Valeria Edefonti
- Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Epidemiology “G.A. Maccacaro”, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 22, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Pilato IB, Beezhold B, Radnitz C. Diet and lifestyle factors associated with cognitive performance in college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:2230-2236. [PMID: 33320776 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1847118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ObjectiveEngaging in a healthy diet and positive lifestyle behaviors have been shown to improve cognitive functioning in children and older adults, however, few have examined these factors in college-aged students. Participants: A diverse sample of 115 college students were recruited on two university campuses. Method: Completed computerized cognitive testing and an online survey about diet and lifestyle behaviors. Results: All analyses were conducted with Pearson's correlations. Higher fruit consumption was correlated with better visual memory scores. Higher seafood consumption was correlated with better learning performance. Increased fast food consumption was correlated with poorer executive functioning in resident students and poorer visual memory performance in commuter students. Increased fluid intake on testing day was correlated with better visual memory and better verbal memory performance. Conclusions: Behavioral changes such as increasing hydration, eating more fruit and fish, and eating less fast food may improve cognitive performance in college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana B Pilato
- Department of Psychology, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck, New Jersey, USA
| | - Bonnie Beezhold
- Department of Nutrition, Benedictine University, Lisle, Illinois, USA
| | - Cynthia Radnitz
- Department of Psychology, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck, New Jersey, USA
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The Association between Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and High-Energy Diets and Academic Performance in Junior School Students. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173577. [PMID: 36079833 PMCID: PMC9460257 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to understand the consumption frequency of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and high-energy diets in junior school students in China and to explore the relationship between SSBs and high-energy diets and academic performance. Information about 9251 junior school students was retrieved from the China Education Panel Survey (CEPS) database. The Mann−Whitney U test and the Kruskal−Wallis test were used to compare differences in academic performance based on the variables of interest. Generalized linear mixed models were used to analyze the association between the consumption frequency of SSBs and high-energy diet and student academic performance, fixed and random effects were included to control for confounding factors. The proportions of the “often” consumption group of SSBs and high-energy diets were 21.5% and 14.6%, respectively. For SSBs, the total score of the “often” consume group was 4.902 (95%CI: −7.660~−2.144, p < 0.001) points lower than that of the “seldom” consume group. Scores of Chinese math, and English were 0.864 (95%CI: −1.551~−0.177, p = 0.014), 2.164 (95%CI: −3.498~−0.831, p = 0.001), and 1.836 (95%CI: −2.961~−0.710, p = 0.001) points lower, respectively. For high-energy diets, the scores of total, Chinese and English in the “sometimes” consume group were 2.519 (95%CI: 0.452~4.585, p = 0.017), 1.025 (95%CI: 0.510~1.540, p < 0.001) and 1.010 (95%CI: 0.167~1.853, p = 0.019) points higher than that of the “seldom” consume group, respectively. Our findings suggested that consumption of SSBs was often negatively associated with academic performance in junior school students, while medium consumption of high-energy diets had a positive correlation. The positive association between high-energy diets and academic performance may be related to the food items included in the high-energy diets consumed by Chinese students. Schools and families should pay more effort to reduce the consumption of SSBs, and for high-energy diets, the focus should be on food selection and avoiding excessive intake. Longitudinal studies are needed to further test these findings among adolescents.
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25
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Wang X, Song X, Jin Y, Zhan X, Cao M, Guo X, Liu S, Ou X, Gu T, Jing J, Cai L, Li X. Association between dietary quality and executive functions in school-aged children with autism spectrum disorder. Front Nutr 2022; 9:940246. [PMID: 35990364 PMCID: PMC9386179 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.940246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) had executive functions deficit. However, it is still unclear whether the poor dietary quality is related to the impairment of executive functions. The current study aimed to explore the association between dietary quality and executive functions in children with ASD. METHODS A total of 106 children with ASD (7.7 ± 1.3 years) and 207 typically developing (TD) children (7.8 ± 1.3 years) were enrolled from Guangzhou, China. The Chinese version of Behavior Rating Scale of Executive function (BRIEF), the working memory subscales of the Chinese version of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-IV), and the Stroop Color-Word Test (SCWT) were used to measure the participant's executive functions. The food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to collect the dietary intake information, and the Chinese Diet Balance Index (DBI_16) was used to evaluate the dietary quality. Generalized linear models were used to estimate the association between dietary quality and executive functions. RESULTS In children with ASD, Low Bound Score (LBS) was positively correlated with the working memory subscale score of BRIEF (β = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.02-0.44, P < 0.05), while High Bound Score (HBS) and LBS were positively correlated with the organizable subscale score of BRIEF (β = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.11-0.77, P < 0.01; β = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.01-0.37, P < 0.05). Compared to TD children, children with ASD had a higher proportion of moderate and high levels of insufficient dietary intake (moderate level, 37.7% vs. 23.2%, high level, 4.7% vs. 1.4%) and moderate level of unbalanced dietary intake (36.8% vs.21.3%), higher scores on all subscales of BRIEF (P < 0.01), and lower score on the working memory (81.3 ± 32.3 vs. 104.6 ± 12.5, P < 0.01), while there was no difference on the SCWT. CONCLUSION Poor dietary quality was associated with the impairment of working memory and organizational capacity in children with ASD. This study emphasized the importance of dietary quality in executive functions among children with ASD, and attention should be paid to improving their dietary quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jin Jing
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Cai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuhong Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Gui Z, Cai L, Lv Y, Lai L, Zeng X, Chen Y. Association Between Ideal Cardiovascular Health and Executive Function in Chinese Primary School Children. Front Public Health 2022; 9:736424. [PMID: 35096728 PMCID: PMC8790157 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.736424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Little information exists on the associations of cardiovascular health, a new metric proposed by the American Heart Association, and executive function, particularly in children. We aimed to explore this topic. Methods: We studied 3,798 children aged 6–12 years from 5 schools in Guangzhou, China. The executive function of children was evaluated using parent reports of the Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function, which included 2 composite indexes and 8 subscale scores. We calculated the number of ideal cardiovascular health (range: 0–7) based on smoking, body mass index, physical activity (PA), diet, blood pressure, cholesterol, and glucose. A generalized linear mixed model was used to assess the association of the number of ideal cardiovascular health metrics and executive function. Results: Compared with children exhibiting 1–3 ideal cardiovascular health metrics, decreases of 1.37–2.63 points (indicating better performance) in metacognition index and its 5 subscale indexes (initiate, working memory, plan/organize, organization of materials, and monitor) were observed in children who attained 5 or 6–7 ideal metrics (all p for trend <0.001). Ideal diet and ideal PA were independently associated with lower indexes of behavioral regulation and metacognition. Conclusions: The number of ideal cardiovascular health was positively associated with performance of executive function in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohuan Gui
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Cai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yajie Lv
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Lai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Zeng
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yajun Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Dysmetabolism and Neurodegeneration: Trick or Treat? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071425. [PMID: 35406040 PMCID: PMC9003269 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests the existence of a strong link between metabolic syndrome and neurodegeneration. Indeed, epidemiologic studies have described solid associations between metabolic syndrome and neurodegeneration, whereas animal models contributed for the clarification of the mechanistic underlying the complex relationships between these conditions, having the development of an insulin resistance state a pivotal role in this relationship. Herein, we review in a concise manner the association between metabolic syndrome and neurodegeneration. We start by providing concepts regarding the role of insulin and insulin signaling pathways as well as the pathophysiological mechanisms that are in the genesis of metabolic diseases. Then, we focus on the role of insulin in the brain, with special attention to its function in the regulation of brain glucose metabolism, feeding, and cognition. Moreover, we extensively report on the association between neurodegeneration and metabolic diseases, with a particular emphasis on the evidence observed in animal models of dysmetabolism induced by hypercaloric diets. We also debate on strategies to prevent and/or delay neurodegeneration through the normalization of whole-body glucose homeostasis, particularly via the modulation of the carotid bodies, organs known to be key in connecting the periphery with the brain.
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Abstract
During evolution, the cerebral cortex advances by increasing in surface and the introduction of new cytoarchitectonic areas among which the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is considered to be the substrate of highest cognitive functions. Although neurons of the PFC are generated before birth, the differentiation of its neurons and development of synaptic connections in humans extend to the 3rd decade of life. During this period, synapses as well as neurotransmitter systems including their receptors and transporters, are initially overproduced followed by selective elimination. Advanced methods applied to human and animal models, enable investigation of the cellular mechanisms and role of specific genes, non-coding regulatory elements and signaling molecules in control of prefrontal neuronal production and phenotypic fate, as well as neuronal migration to establish layering of the PFC. Likewise, various genetic approaches in combination with functional assays and immunohistochemical and imaging methods reveal roles of neurotransmitter systems during maturation of the PFC. Disruption, or even a slight slowing of the rate of neuronal production, migration and synaptogenesis by genetic or environmental factors, can induce gross as well as subtle changes that eventually can lead to cognitive impairment. An understanding of the development and evolution of the PFC provide insight into the pathogenesis and treatment of congenital neuropsychiatric diseases as well as idiopathic developmental disorders that cause intellectual disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon M Kolk
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour and Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Pasko Rakic
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
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Schnermann ME, Schulz CA, Ludwig C, Alexy U, Nöthlings U. A lifestyle score in childhood and adolescence was positively associated with subsequently measured fluid intelligence in the DONALD cohort study. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:3719-3729. [PMID: 35704086 PMCID: PMC9464141 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02921-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lifestyle scores which combine single factors such as diet, activity, or sleep duration showed associations with cognitive decline in adults. However, the role of a favourable lifestyle in younger age and the build-up of cognitive reserve is less clear, which is why we investigated longitudinal associations between a lifestyle score in childhood and adolescence and fluid intelligence obtained on average 6 years later. METHODS In the DONALD cohort, a lifestyle score of 0 to 4 points including healthy diet and duration of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep was repeatedly assessed in participants aged 5 and 19 years. Data on fluid intelligence were assessed via a German version of the culture fair intelligence test (CFT), using CFT 1-R in children 8.5 years of age or younger (n = 62) or CFT 20-R in participants older than 8.5 years (n = 192). Multivariable linear regression models were used to investigate prospective associations between the lifestyle score and the fluid intelligence score. RESULTS Mean lifestyle score of all participants was 2.2 (0.7-4) points. A one-point increase in the lifestyle score was associated with a higher fluid intelligence score (4.8 points [0.3-7.3], p = 0.0343) for participants completing the CFT 20-R. Furthermore, each additional hour of sedentary behaviour was associated with a lower fluid intelligence score (- 3.0 points [- 5.7 to - 0.3], p = 0.0313). For younger participants (CFT 1-R), no association was found in any analysis (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION A healthy lifestyle was positively associated with fluid intelligence, whereby sedentary behaviour itself seemed to play a prominent role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Elena Schnermann
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch-Allee 7, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christina-Alexandra Schulz
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch-Allee 7, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christine Ludwig
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch-Allee 7, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ute Alexy
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch-Allee 7, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ute Nöthlings
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch-Allee 7, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
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Wang T, Cao S, Li D, Chen F, Jiang Q, Zeng J. Association between dietary patterns and cognitive ability in Chinese children aged 10-15 years: evidence from the 2010 China Family Panel Studies. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2212. [PMID: 34863128 PMCID: PMC8642971 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12209-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Limited information is available concerning the association between dietary patterns and cognitive ability during adolescence, especially in regards to the epidemiological studies in China. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the association between dietary patterns and cognitive ability in Chinese children aged 10–15 years. Methods The dietary information, cognitive ability and sociodemographic data of 2029 children were retrieved from the 2010 China Family Panel Studies. Dietary patterns were assessed by principal component analysis. Ordinal logistic regression models were used to determine the association between dietary patterns and cognitive ability in these children. Results Three dietary patterns were identified, namely, ‘High protein’, ‘High fat’ and ‘High salt-oil’. Following adjustment for gender, age, nationality, household registration, school type, parental education level, family learning environment, annual household income and family size, we found that an increase in ‘High protein’ pattern score was significantly associated with higher mathematics test scores (OR = 1.62, CI: 1.23 ~ 2.15; P = 0.001), but not with vocabulary test scores (OR = 1.21, CI: 0.93 ~ 1.58; P = 0.149). On the contrary, an increase in ‘High fat’ pattern score was significantly associated with lower scores of mathematics (OR = 0.76, CI: 0.59 ~ 0.98; P = 0.031) and vocabulary (OR = 0.77, CI: 0.61 ~ 0.97; P = 0.029) tests. However, there was no significant association between ‘High salt-oil’ pattern and the scores of mathematics (OR = 0.99, CI: 0.77 ~ 1.27; P = 0.915) and vocabulary (OR = 0.93, CI: 0.73 ~ 1.18; P = 0.544) tests. Conclusion The findings of this study demonstrated that ‘High protein’ pattern was positively associated with cognitive ability in Chinese children, while ‘High fat’ pattern exhibited a negative association. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-12209-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Wang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, China.,School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Tuberculosis Control, Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Shiyi Cao
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dandan Li
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Fan Chen
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qingqing Jiang
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, China.
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Marinho AR, Severo M, Vilela S, Costa R, de Lauzon-Guillain B, Torres D, Lopes C. Is the association between dietary patterns and cognition mediated by children's adiposity? A longitudinal approach in Generation XXI birth cohort. Clin Nutr 2021; 41:231-237. [PMID: 34915274 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS There is a consistent body of evidence on the association between single nutrients and cognition, but the role of a healthful dietary pattern on cognition in children has been seldomly studied. This study aims to assess the association between dietary patterns at 4 years (y) and cognitive abilities at 10-13y and examine whether adiposity mediated these associations. METHODS This study used data from a sub-sample of the population-based birth cohort Generation XXI, with complete information on diet and cognition (n = 3575). At 4y, data on dietary intake was collected by a validated food frequency questionnaire and dietary patterns were derived by latent class analysis, namely Energy-dense food (EDF) pattern, Snacking pattern and Healthier pattern (Reference). At 10-13y, the Portuguese Version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children®-Third Edition was administered by trained psychologists and age-adjusted composite scores were computed: a Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient (IQ), plus a Verbal IQ, Performance IQ and Processing Speed IQ. Age- and sex-specific body mass index (BMI) z-scores, body fat percentage from bioimpedance, and waist-to-weight ratio and waist-to-hip ratio were used as measures of adiposity. Regression coefficients and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed using linear regression models (adjusted for maternal age and education, pre-pregnancy BMI, smoking and alcohol intake during pregnancy, child's sex, birthweight, exclusive breastfeeding duration and having siblings at 4y). Mediation analysis was conducted using path analysis. RESULTS After adjustment, children classified in the EDF or a Snacking patterns at 4y were more likely to have lower scores on total IQ (β = -0.116; 95%CI:-0.192,-0.039 and β = -0.148; 95%CI -0.252,-0.044, respectively), Verbal IQ (β = -0.104; 95%CI -0.177, -0.031 and β = -0.163; 95%CI -0.262,-0.064, respectively) and Performance IQ (β = -0.116 95%CI -0.193,-0.040 and β = -0.147; 95%CI -0.250,-0.042, respectively) at 10-13y, when compared to those classified in the Healthier pattern. None of the adiposity measures seemed to explain the associations between dietary patterns and IQ. CONCLUSION This study supports that early unhealthy dietary patterns were associated with lower child's cognitive ability, but this effect did not seem to be mediated by adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Marinho
- EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal; Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Milton Severo
- EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Vilela
- EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Costa
- EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal; Digital Human-Environment Interaction Lab, Universidade Lusófona, Portugal
| | | | - Duarte Torres
- EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Lopes
- EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal; Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Caamaño-Navarrete F, Latorre-Román PÁ, Párraga-Montilla J, Jerez-Mayorga D, Delgado-Floody P. Selective Attention and Concentration Are Related to Lifestyle in Chilean Schoolchildren. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8100856. [PMID: 34682121 PMCID: PMC8534889 DOI: 10.3390/children8100856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this investigation was to determine the association between selective attention and concentration with physical fitness (i.e., cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), V˙O2max, the standing long jump test (SLJ) and handgrip muscle strength (HGS)), lifestyle parameters (i.e., physical activity (PA) level, screen time (ST), sleep duration and food habits) and anthropometric measures (i.e., body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC)) among Chilean schoolchildren. Two hundred and forty-eight schoolchildren (137 boys, 111 girls, 11.80 ± 1.17 and 11.58 ± 1.09 years, respectively) participated. Selective attention, concentration and lifestyle (PA, ST, sleep duration and Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence) were determined using a standard questionnaire. CRF, SLJ, HGS and anthropometric indicators (BMI and WC) were also measured. Selective attention showed a positive association with MD adherence score (β; 5.012, p = p < 0.05). Concentration was linked inversely to ST (β; −5.498, p = p < 0.05). Likewise, concentration presented a positive association with MD adherence (β; 2.904, p = p < 0.05). In conclusion, children’s lifestyles are related to the selective attention and concentration of children; therefore, promoting healthy habits could be a cost-effective strategy in the promotion of cognitive development, as it relates to selective attention and concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Ángel Latorre-Román
- Department of Didactics of Music, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Jaen, 27301 Jaen, Spain; (P.Á.L.-R.); (J.P.-M.)
| | - Juan Párraga-Montilla
- Department of Didactics of Music, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Jaen, 27301 Jaen, Spain; (P.Á.L.-R.); (J.P.-M.)
| | - Daniel Jerez-Mayorga
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7591538, Chile;
| | - Pedro Delgado-Floody
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-45-2-325200
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Taylor ZB, Stevenson RJ, Ehrenfeld L, Francis HM. The impact of saturated fat, added sugar and their combination on human hippocampal integrity and function: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 130:91-106. [PMID: 34400179 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Paralleling animal research, there is emerging evidence that a Western-style (WS) diet - high in saturated fat and added sugar - impairs human hippocampal functioning. However, the conditions under which this occurs are not fully understood and there have been published failures to detect such effects. To date, there has been no systematic review or meta-analysis of relevant human studies. We undertook a systematic database search and review. Twenty studies were identified, two experimental, with the remainder correlational. The latter were included in a meta-analyses on the impact of WS-diet and its macronutrient components on human hippocampal function. Effects of age and sex were also examined. A WS-diet adversely impacted human hippocampal volume and functioning, with a small-pooled effect size. No effects were found for individual macronutrients. There was a high-level of study heterogeneity, which was not fully explained by study/sample characteristics. This may arise via the wide range of assessment tools used to measure both dietary intake and hippocampal functioning. Overall, a WS-diet clearly impacts human hippocampal functioning as in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe B Taylor
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Richard J Stevenson
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Lauren Ehrenfeld
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Heather M Francis
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
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Examining the relationships among adolescent health behaviours, prefrontal function, and academic achievement using fNIRS. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 50:100983. [PMID: 34265630 PMCID: PMC8280512 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.100983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior studies document effects of lifestyle behaviors on the brain and academics. Among adolescents we found that activity and eating both predict task performance. Activity also predicts functional activation in the right lateral dlPFC, but not grades. Substance use predicted worse grades but not brain-related mediators. Several adolescent health behaviours have been hypothesized to improve academic performance via their beneficial impact on cognitive control and functional aspects of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The primary objective of this study is to examine the association between lifestyle behaviours and academic performance in a sample of adolescents, and to examine the extent to which activity within the PFC and behavioural indices of inhibition may mediate this relationship. Sixty-seven adolescents underwent two study sessions five days apart. Sleep and physical activity were measured using wrist-mounted accelerometry; eating habits, substance use and academic achievement were measured by self-report. Prefrontal function was quantified by Multi-Source Interference Task (MSIT) performance, and task-related activity via functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Higher levels of physical activity predicted higher MSIT accuracy scores (β = .321, ρ = 0.019) as well as greater activation within the right dlPFC (b = .008, SE = .004, ρ = .0322). Frequency of fast-food consumption and substance use were negatively associated with MSIT accuracy scores (β = −0.307, ρ = .023) and Math grades (b = −3.702, SE = 1.563, ρ = .022), respectively. Overall, the results of this study highlight the importance of lifestyle behaviours as predictors of prefrontal function and academic achievement in youth.
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Increased Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Higher Efficacy Beliefs Are Associated with Better Academic Achievement: A Longitudinal Study of High School Adolescents in Lebanon. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18136928. [PMID: 34203432 PMCID: PMC8295880 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This longitudinal study aims to examine how changes in health behaviors and socio-cognitive factors influence the academic achievement of Lebanese adolescents over a period of 12 months. Adolescents (n = 563) from private and public schools in Mount Lebanon and the Beirut area, aged between 15 and 18, participated in a three-wave longitudinal study and completed a self-administered questionnaire assessing socio-demographics, health behaviors, socio-cognitive factors, parenting styles, and academic achievement. A linear mixed model was carried out to examine if changes in health behaviors and cognitive factors affect changes in academic achievement after 6 and 12 months from the baseline, adjusting for demographic variables and parenting style. Results show that improved adherence to the Mediterranean diet and an increase in self-efficacy were associated with an increase in academic achievement. An increase in adherence to the Mediterranean diet had the same effect on academic achievement 6 and 12 months from the baseline, whereas an increase in efficacy beliefs was only significantly associated with achievement at 12 months from the baseline. This study supports the longitudinal link between diet quality and efficacy beliefs with the academic achievement of adolescents. This relationship is independent of sex, age, religion, parents’ education, and raising styles.
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36
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Kendig MD, Leigh SJ, Morris MJ. Unravelling the impacts of western-style diets on brain, gut microbiota and cognition. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:233-243. [PMID: 34153343 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The steady rise in the prevalence of obesity has been fostered by modern environments that reduce energy expenditure and encourage consumption of 'western'-style diets high in fat and sugar. Obesity has been consistently associated with impairments in executive function and episodic memory, while emerging evidence indicates that high-fat, high-sugar diets can impair aspects of cognition within days, even when provided intermittently. Here we review the detrimental effects of diet and obesity on cognition and the role of inflammatory and circulating factors, compromised blood-brain barrier integrity and gut microbiome changes. We next evaluate evidence for changing risk profiles across life stages (adolescence and ageing) and other populations at risk (e.g. through maternal obesity). Finally, interventions to ameliorate diet-induced cognitive deficits are discussed, including dietary shifts, exercise, and the emerging field of microbiome-targeted therapies. With evidence that poor diet and obesity impair cognition via multiple mechanisms across the human lifespan, the challenge for future research is to identify effective interventions, in addition to diet and exercise, to prevent and ameliorate adverse effects.
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Rangelov N, Nogueira Avelar E Silva R, Suggs LS. Policy and Food Consumption: What Nutrition Guidelines Are Swiss Children Meeting and What Determines Adherence? Front Nutr 2021; 8:641799. [PMID: 34150824 PMCID: PMC8211762 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.641799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To describe the adherence of the children to the Swiss Society for Nutrition (SSN) dietary guidelines, assess determinants of adherence, and compare these findings with a previous study in the same population. Methods: Data from 312 children ages 5–12 were collected through a survey and a 2-day food record. The associations of children- and parent-related factors with adherence of the children to guidelines were assessed by logistic regression analyses. Results: SSN guidelines were not met for any food category, although there were improvements: vegetables (4.5% in this study vs. 0% in the previous study), sweets, snacks, and soft drinks (SSD) (12.5 vs. 9.5%), and fruit (45.5 vs. 10.4%). Higher Body Mass Index (BMI) in children was associated with higher adherence to guidelines for protein intake. Higher parental BMI was associated with higher adherence to vegetables. Parental lower educational level was associated with higher adherence for cereal. Conclusion: Despite improvements since the last eating behavior assessment in this population, children consume too little fruit, vegetables, cereal, and milk and dairy products, and too much SSD and proteins. Further efforts are needed to promote healthy eating to children and achieve adherence to guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Rangelov
- BeCHANGE Research Group, Institute of Public Health and Institute of Public Communication, Universitá della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Raquel Nogueira Avelar E Silva
- BeCHANGE Research Group, Institute of Public Health and Institute of Public Communication, Universitá della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Medicine-Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - L Suzanne Suggs
- BeCHANGE Research Group, Institute of Public Health and Institute of Public Communication, Universitá della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.,Swiss School of Public Health, Zurich, Switzerland
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Mac Giollabhui N, Alloy LB, Hartman CA. Investigating whether depressed youth exhibiting elevated C reactive protein perform worse on measures of executive functioning, verbal fluency and episodic memory in a large, population based sample of Dutch adolescents. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 94:369-380. [PMID: 32889083 PMCID: PMC7921209 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive functioning is disrupted during a depressive episode and cognitive dysfunction persists when depression is in remission. A subtype of depressed individuals who exhibit elevated inflammatory biomarkers may be at particular risk for cognitive dysfunction. We examined whether an elevated inflammatory biomarker (C-reactive protein: CRP) in acute and/or remitted depression was associated with specific deficits in executive functioning, episodic memory, and verbal fluency. Data were drawn from a population-based sample of Dutch adolescents (N = 1066; 46% male) recruited at the age of 11 and followed over the course of eight years. We tested whether adolescents with either, (i) a history of depression (Wave 1-3) or (ii) current depression (Wave 4), and elevated levels of C-reactive protein measured in blood at Wave 3 performed worse on cognitive assessments at Wave 4. Eight measures of cognitive functioning were hypothesized to load on to one of three dimensions of cognitive functioning (executive functioning, episodic memory, and verbal fluency) within a structural equation model framework. Higher levels of CRP were associated with worse future executive functioning in adolescents with and without current/prior depression. A current depression diagnosis also was associated with worse executive functioning. There was consistent evidence linking low socioeconomic status and health-related covariates (high body mass index/sedentary behavior) with worse performance across multiple measures of cognitive functioning and, importantly, the association of depression/CRP and executive functioning was no longer significant when controlling for these covariates. Future studies may benefit from investigating whether specific depressogenic behaviors (e.g., sedentary behavior/substance use) mediate a relationship between depression and worse executive functioning, potentially via a prospective pathway through elevated inflammation.
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Mediterranean diet adherence is associated with better cognitive status and less depressive symptoms in a Greek elderly population. Aging Clin Exp Res 2021; 33:1033-1040. [PMID: 32488472 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-020-01608-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence of an elderly Greek population, and its association with the grade of cognitive decline and psychological status. METHODS Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and Mediterranean diet score (MedDietScore) questionnaires were used to assess the impact of MD adherence on cognitive abilities and psychological state of a Greek elderly population. PARTICIPANTS 2092 men and women over 65 years old (mean age 74.97 ± 8.41 years) from seven different Greek cities RESULTS: 34.4% of the study population showed cognitive impairment, while 32.3% of the participants had depressive symptoms. More than half of the participants (52.1%) showed very low or low MD adherence. Higher MD adherence was significantly associated with better MMSE and GDS scores. Moreover, higher MD adherence was significantly associated with younger age, female gender, higher educational level, and better anthropometric parameters. MD adherence was independently associated with cognitive and psychological status, and gender after adjustment for potential confounders. CONCLUSION Higher MD adherence is strongly associated with better cognitive status and less depressive symptomatology. Public health policies are recommended to focus on the promotion of the MD, as a crucial strategy to reduce the risk of cognitive impairment and depression.
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Kafyra M, Kalafati IP, Kumar S, Kontoe MS, Masson C, Siest S, Dedoussis GV. Dietary Patterns, Blood Pressure and the Glycemic and Lipidemic Profile of Two Teenage, European Populations. Nutrients 2021; 13:198. [PMID: 33435217 PMCID: PMC7826952 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study sought to retrospectively investigate the dietary habits of two adolescent, European populations from the cross-sectional Greek TEENAGE Study and French STANISLAS Family Study. We aimed to explore the relation between the populations' dietary patterns and blood pressure, glycemic and lipidemic profile. Dietary patterns were extracted via Principal Component Analysis (PCA), based on data collected from two 24 h dietary recalls for the TEENAGE study and a 3-day food consumption diary for the STANISLAS study. Multiple linear regressions and mixed models analyses, adjusting for confounding factors, were employed to investigate potential associations. A total of 766 Greek teenagers and 287 French teenagers, were included in analyses. Five dietary patterns were extracted for each population accounting for 49.35% and 46.69% of their respective total variance, with similarities regarding the consumption of specific food groups (i.e., western-type foods). In the TEENAGE Study, the "chicken and sugars" pattern was associated with lower CRP levels, after adjusting for confounding factors (p-value < 0.01). The "high protein and animal fat" dietary pattern of the STANISLAS Family Study was related to higher BMI (p-value < 0.01) and higher triglycerides levels (p-value < 0.01). Our findings summarize the dietary habits of two teenage, European populations and their associations with cardiometabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kafyra
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece or (M.K.); (I.P.K.)
- IGE-PCV, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (S.K.); (M.S.K.); (C.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Ioanna Panagiota Kalafati
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece or (M.K.); (I.P.K.)
| | - Satish Kumar
- IGE-PCV, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (S.K.); (M.S.K.); (C.M.); (S.S.)
| | | | - Christine Masson
- IGE-PCV, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (S.K.); (M.S.K.); (C.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Sophie Siest
- IGE-PCV, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (S.K.); (M.S.K.); (C.M.); (S.S.)
| | - George V. Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece or (M.K.); (I.P.K.)
- IGE-PCV, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (S.K.); (M.S.K.); (C.M.); (S.S.)
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Appannah G, Murray K, Trapp G, Dymock M, Oddy WH, Ambrosini GL. Dietary pattern trajectories across adolescence and early adulthood and their associations with childhood and parental factors. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:36-46. [PMID: 33181820 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although adolescent dietary patterns tend to be of poor quality, it is unclear whether dietary patterns established in adolescence persist into adulthood. OBJECTIVES We examined trajectories across adolescence and early adulthood for 2 major dietary patterns and their associations with childhood and parental factors. METHODS Using data from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine Study), intakes of 38 food groups were estimated at ages 14, 17, 20 and 22 y in 1414 participants using evaluated FFQs. Using factor analysis, 2 major dietary patterns (healthy and Western) were consistently identified across follow-ups. Sex-specific group-based modeling assessed the variation in individual dietary pattern z scores to identify group trajectories for each pattern between ages 14 and 22 y and to assess their associations with childhood and parental factors. RESULTS Two major trajectory groups were identified for each pattern. Between ages 14 and 22 y, a majority of the cohort (70% males, 73% females) formed a trajectory group with consistently low z scores for the healthy dietary pattern. The remainder had trajectories showing either declining (27% females) or reasonably consistent healthy dietary pattern z scores (30% males). For the Western dietary pattern, the majority formed trajectories with reasonably consistent average scores (79% males, 81% females) or low scores that declined over time. However, 21% of males had a trajectory of steady, marked increases in Western dietary pattern scores over time. A lower maternal education and higher BMI (in kg/m2) were positively associated with consistently lower scores of the healthy dietary pattern. Lower family income, family functioning score, maternal age, and being in a single-parent family were positively related to higher scores of the Western dietary pattern. CONCLUSIONS Poor dietary patterns established in adolescence are likely to track into early adulthood, particularly in males. This study highlights the transition between adolescence and early adulthood as a critical period and the populations that could benefit from dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Appannah
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kevin Murray
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Gina Trapp
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Northern Entrance, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Michael Dymock
- Centre for Applied Statistics, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Wendy Hazel Oddy
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Medical Science Precinct, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Gina Leslie Ambrosini
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
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42
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Naneix F, Bakoyiannis I, Santoyo-Zedillo M, Bosch-Bouju C, Pacheco-Lopez G, Coutureau E, Ferreira G. Chemogenetic silencing of hippocampus and amygdala reveals a double dissociation in periadolescent obesogenic diet-induced memory alterations. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2020; 178:107354. [PMID: 33276069 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In addition to numerous metabolic comorbidities, obesity is associated with several adverse neurobiological outcomes, especially learning and memory alterations. Obesity prevalence is rising dramatically in youth and is persisting in adulthood. This is especially worrying since adolescence is a crucial period for the maturation of certain brain regions playing a central role in memory processes such as the hippocampus and the amygdala. We previously showed that periadolescent, but not adult, exposure to obesogenic high-fat diet (HFD) had opposite effects on hippocampus- and amygdala-dependent memory, impairing the former and enhancing the latter. However, the causal role of these two brain regions in periadolescent HFD-induced memory alterations remains unclear. Here, we first showed that periadolescent HFD induced long-term, but not short-term, object recognition memory deficits, specifically when rats were exposed to a novel context. Using chemogenetic approaches to inhibit targeted brain regions, we then demonstrated that recognition memory deficits are dependent on the activity of the ventral hippocampus, but not the basolateral amygdala. On the contrary, the HFD- induced enhancement of conditioned odor aversion specifically requires amygdala activity. Taken together, these findings suggest that HFD consumption throughout adolescence impairs long-term object recognition memory through alterations of ventral hippocampal activity during memory acquisition. Moreover, these results further highlight the bidirectional effects of adolescent HFD on hippocampal and amygdala functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Naneix
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33077, Bordeaux, France; Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Ioannis Bakoyiannis
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33077, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marianela Santoyo-Zedillo
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33077, Bordeaux, France; Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM), Campus Lerma, Mexico
| | | | - Gustavo Pacheco-Lopez
- Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM), Campus Lerma, Mexico
| | | | - Guillaume Ferreira
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33077, Bordeaux, France.
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43
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Vouimba RM, Bakoyiannis I, Ducourneau EG, Maroun M, Ferreira G. Bidirectional modulation of hippocampal and amygdala synaptic plasticity by post-weaning obesogenic diet intake in male rats: Influence of the duration of diet exposure. Hippocampus 2020; 31:117-121. [PMID: 33146458 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic condition associated with adverse memory and emotional outcomes in humans and animal models. We have recently demonstrated that post-weaning (i.e., periadolescent) high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity has opposite effect on hippocampal and amygdala-dependent memory in rodents: while HFD consumption impairs spatial and relational memory, it enhances cue-dependent emotional memory. However, it is still not clear whether this bidirectional HFD effect on memory is related to bidirectional alterations of hippocampal and amygdala synaptic plasticity and if it is influenced by the duration of diet intake. In the current study, we compared in male rats the impact of 2-3 and 6-7 months of HFD intake starting at weaning, thus covering adolescence, on in vivo long-term potentiation (LTP) recorded simultaneously in the hippocampal area CA1 and the basolateral amygdala (BLA). As expected, 6-7 months of HFD intake abolished LTP in the CA1 and enhanced LTP in the BLA. However, 2-3 months of of HFD exposure enhanced LTP in both CA1 and BLA suggesting a transient compensatory mechanism in hippocampus. These results indicate that post-weaning HFD intake progressively leads to bidirectional modulation of hippocampal and amygdala synaptic plasticity, as we previously demonstrated for related memory processes, yet with a different temporal dynamic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose-Marie Vouimba
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Neurocampus, Bordeaux, France.,CNRS, Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ioannis Bakoyiannis
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Neurocampus, Bordeaux, France.,INRAE, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Eva-Gunnel Ducourneau
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Neurocampus, Bordeaux, France.,INRAE, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mouna Maroun
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Guillaume Ferreira
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Neurocampus, Bordeaux, France.,INRAE, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
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44
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Hassevoort KM, Lin AS, Khan NA, Hillman CH, Cohen NJ. Added sugar and dietary fiber consumption are associated with creativity in preadolescent children. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 23:791-802. [PMID: 30558494 PMCID: PMC6581636 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2018.1558003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Creativity requires the ability to combine existing mental representations in new ways and depends, in part, on the hippocampus. Hippocampal function is, in turn, affected by a number of health factors, including aerobic fitness, excess adiposity, and diet. Specifically, in rodent studies, diets high in saturated fatty acids and sugar - hallmarks of a western diet- have been shown to negatively impact hippocampal function and thereby impair performance on cognitive tasks that require the hippocampus. Yet relatively few studies have examined the relationship between diet and hippocampal-dependent cognition in children. Methods: The current study therefore sought to explore the relationship of several diet quality markers including dietary lipids (saturated fatty acids and omega-3 fatty acids), simple carbohydrates (added sugars), and dietary fiber with creativity in preadolescent children. Participants (N = 57; mean age = 9.1 years) completed the Verbal Form of the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT), a standardized test of creativity known to require the hippocampus. Additionally, participants completed a 3-day food intake record with the assistance of a parent, underwent dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to assess central adiposity, and VO2max testing to assess aerobic fitness. Results: Added sugar intake was negatively associated, and dietary fiber was positively associated with overall TTCT performance. These relationships were sustained even after controlling for key covariates. Discussion: These findings are among the first to report an association between added sugar consumption and hippocampal-dependent cognition during childhood and, given the key role of the hippocampus in learning and memory, as well as creative thinking, have potential educational and public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey M Hassevoort
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Anna S Lin
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Naiman A Khan
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Charles H Hillman
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, and Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Neal J Cohen
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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45
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Pearce AL, Adise S, Roberts NJ, White C, Geier CF, Keller KL. Individual differences in the influence of taste and health impact successful dietary self-control: A mouse tracking food choice study in children. Physiol Behav 2020; 223:112990. [PMID: 32505786 PMCID: PMC7408374 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve dietary quality among children, there is a need to understand how they make decisions about what foods to eat. This study used a mouse tracking food choice task to better understand how attributes such as health and taste contribute to food decisions among 70 children aged 7-to-11 years old. Children rated health, taste, and desire to eat for 76 common foods that varied in energy density and then used a computer mouse to select which of two presented foods they would like to eat. The presented food pairs were based on children's own ratings of taste and health so that some trials required self-control to choose the healthier option (i.e., healthy/not tasty paired with unhealthy/tasty). Children's body mass index (BMI) percentile was not associated with number of healthy choices. To examine mouse trajectories, we replicated previous analytic techniques and applied a novel technique, time-varying effects modeling (TVEM). Results showed that desire to eat impacted food decision-making sooner than taste and health during trials that required self-control, with TVEM showing that early discounting of desire to eat enabled healthier choices. However, these temporal dynamics varied by age, BMI percentile, and overall self-control performance in the task. When the less healthy food was chosen (i.e., self-control failure), older children and children with better overall self-control were more influenced by taste and desire to eat. However, children with higher BMI percentiles showed stronger discounting (i.e., negative influence) of taste when choosing the healthier food. Together this highlights how the influence of hedonic food attributes on food decision-making varies by individual child-level characteristics. Understanding individual differences in the cognitive processes that support healthy food choices in children may help identify targets for interventions aimed at improving child nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaina L Pearce
- Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States of America.
| | - Shana Adise
- Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401, United States of America
| | - Nicole J Roberts
- Human Development & Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States of America
| | - Corey White
- Department of Psychology, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO 64507, United States of America
| | - Charles F Geier
- Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401, United States of America
| | - Kathleen L Keller
- Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States of America; Food Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States of America
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46
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Nicolas S, Léime CSÓ, Hoban AE, Hueston CM, Cryan JF, Nolan YM. Enduring effects of an unhealthy diet during adolescence on systemic but not neurobehavioural measures in adult rats. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 25:657-669. [PMID: 32723167 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1796041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Adolescence is an important stage of maturation for various brain structures. It is during this time therefore that the brain may be more vulnerable to environmental factors such as diet that may influence mood and memory. Diets high in fat and sugar (termed a cafeteria diet) during adolescence have been shown to negatively impact upon cognitive performance, which may be reversed by switching to a standard diet during adulthood. Consumption of a cafeteria diet increases both peripheral and central levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), a pro-inflammatory cytokine which is also implicated in cognitive impairment during the ageing process. It is unknown whether adolescent exposure to a cafeteria diet potentiates the negative effects of IL-1β on cognitive function during adulthood.Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats consumed a cafeteria diet during adolescence after which time they received a lentivirus injection in the hippocampus to induce chronic low-grade overexpression of IL-1β. After viral integration, metabolic parameters, circulating and central pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and cognitive behaviours were assessed.Results: Our data demonstrate that rats fed the cafeteria diet exhibit metabolic dysregulations in adulthood, which were concomitant with low-grade peripheral and central inflammation. Overexpression of hippocampal IL-1β in adulthood impaired spatial working memory. However, adolescent exposure to a cafeteria diet, combined with or without hippocampal IL-1β in adulthood did not induce any lasting cognitive deficits when the diet was replaced with a standard diet in adulthood. Discussion: These data demonstrate that cafeteria diet consumption during adolescence induces metabolic and inflammatory changes, but not behavioural changes in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Nicolas
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ciarán S Ó Léime
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alan E Hoban
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Cara M Hueston
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Yvonne M Nolan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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47
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Sambell R, Wallace R, Lo J, Costello L, Devine A. Increasing Food Expenditure in Long Day-care by an Extra $0.50 per Child/Day Would Improve Core Food Group Provision. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040968. [PMID: 32244445 PMCID: PMC7231155 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early childhood education and care services are a significant feature of Australian family life, where nearly 1.4 million children attended a service in 2019. This paper reports on the cost of food provided to children in long day-care (LDC) services and extrapolates expenditure recommendations to support food provision compliance. A cross-sectional audit of LDC services in metropolitan Perth was conducted to determine food group provision by weighing raw ingredients of meal preparation—morning tea, lunch, and afternoon tea (MT, L, AT). Ingredients were costed at 2017 online metropolitan pricing from a large supermarket chain. Across participating services, 2 days of food expenditure per child/day ranged between $1.17 and $4.03 across MT, L, AT, and averaged $2.00 per child/day. Multivariable analysis suggests that an increase of $0.50 per child/day increases the odds of a LDC service meeting >50% of Australian Dietary Guideline (ADG) recommendations across ≥4 core food groups by fourfold (p = 0.03). Given the fact that the literature regarding food expenditure at LDC services is limited, this study provides information about food expenditure variation that impacts planning and provision of nutritionally balanced menus recommended for children. An average increase of food expenditure of $0.50 per child/day would increase food provision compliance.
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48
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Critch JN. L’alimentation en milieu scolaire : appuyer l’offre d’aliments et de boissons sains. Paediatr Child Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxz101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Résumé
L’adoption de politiques et de directives alimentaires dans les écoles canadiennes permet d’accroître l’offre et la consommation d’aliments riches en nutriments tout en réduisant l’accès à des aliments et des boissons riches en sucres, en sodium et en gras saturés. Ces politiques favorisent des changements positifs pour la santé des enfants et des adolescents, tels qu’un meilleur indice de masse corporelle. Cependant, elles ont des effets mitigés sur la performance scolaire. Le présent document de principes présente les principaux éléments des politiques alimentaires en milieu scolaire, notamment les normes nutritionnelles. Ces politiques doivent respecter les recommandations du Guide alimentaire canadien et promouvoir la consommation d’aliments et de boissons riches en nutriments, dont la teneur en gras saturé, en sucre et en sodium est plus faible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey N Critch
- Société canadienne de pédiatrie, comité de nutrition et de gastroentérologie, Ottawa (Ontario)
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49
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Naveed S, Lakka T, Haapala EA. An Overview on the Associations between Health Behaviors and Brain Health in Children and Adolescents with Special Reference to Diet Quality. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E953. [PMID: 32033054 PMCID: PMC7037721 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Unhealthy diet has been associated with overweight, obesity, increased cardiometabolic risk, and recently, to impaired cognition and academic performance. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the associations between health behaviors and cognition and academic achievement in children and adolescents under 18 years of age with a special reference to diet quality. Dietary patterns with a low consumption of fish, fruits, and vegetables, and high in fast food, sausages, and soft drinks have been linked to poor cognition and academic achievement. The studies on the associations between the high intake of saturated fat and red meat and low intake of fiber and high-fiber grain products with cognition are limited. The available evidence and physiological mechanisms suggest that diet may have direct, indirect, and synergistic effects on brain and cognition with physical activity, sedentary behaviors, cardiometabolic health, and sleep, but the associations have been modest. Therefore, integrating a healthy diet, physically active lifestyle, and adequate sleep may provide optimal circumstances for brain development and learning. We conclude that most of the existing literature is contained in cross-sectional studies, which therefore highlights the need for longitudinal and intervention studies on the effects of diet, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep on cognition and academic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehrish Naveed
- Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (T.L.); (E.A.H.)
| | - Timo Lakka
- Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (T.L.); (E.A.H.)
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, 70100 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eero A. Haapala
- Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (T.L.); (E.A.H.)
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
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50
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Yang Y, Shields GS, Wu Q, Liu Y, Chen H, Guo C. The association between obesity and lower working memory is mediated by inflammation: Findings from a nationally representative dataset of U.S. adults. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 84:173-179. [PMID: 31785398 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is often accompanied by lower working memory (e.g., a lower ability to keep goal-relevant information in mind) relative to healthy weight individuals. Understanding this relative working memory impairment has important clinical implications, as working memory is thought to facilitate adherence to weight management programs. Theoretical models of obesity, self-regulation, and inflammation suggest that inflammation plays a role in obesity-related working memory impairments, but to date no study has tested this prediction. Therefore, the current study examined whether inflammation statistically mediated the relationship between obesity and working memory in a nationally representative dataset of U.S. adults from Wave IV of The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 11,546, age range 25-34). Inflammation was quantified via C-reactive protein (CRP) level, and working memory was assessed using a modified digit span backward task. As expected, cross-sectional analyses showed that a body mass index (BMI) indicative of obesity-as well as greater BMI when BMI was analyzed continuously-and greater CRP were each related to lower working memory. Critically, we found that CRP levels statistically mediated the relationships between obesity/greater BMI and working memory, with CRP accounting for 44.1% of the variance explained in working memory by BMI. Moreover, these findings held both with and without controlling for relevant covariates, including demographic characteristics (e.g., age), socioeconomic status, and behavioral factors (e.g., smoking). Our results therefore point to inflammation as playing an important role in the relationship between obesity and working memory, and suggest that interventions aimed at reducing inflammation may help lessen the cognitive burden of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingkai Yang
- The Lab of Mental Health and Social Adaptation, Faculty of Psychology, Research Center of Mental Health Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Grant S Shields
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Qian Wu
- The Lab of Mental Health and Social Adaptation, Faculty of Psychology, Research Center of Mental Health Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanling Liu
- The Lab of Mental Health and Social Adaptation, Faculty of Psychology, Research Center of Mental Health Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- The Lab of Mental Health and Social Adaptation, Faculty of Psychology, Research Center of Mental Health Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Cheng Guo
- The Lab of Mental Health and Social Adaptation, Faculty of Psychology, Research Center of Mental Health Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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