Economic violence is a form of domestic violence that extends beyond physical harm, affecting victims' economic stability and independence. This situation perpetuates gender inequality and also reinforces the cycle of gender-based violence. With definitions of economic violence broadening to encompass a range of coercive and manipulative behaviors - from financial abuse in domestic violence scenarios to the economic harassment faced by stay-at-home moms - understanding this form of exploitation is crucial for crafting effective interventions. This article aims to delve into various facets of economic violence, including its definition, prevalence, and the stark realities it creates for its victims. Following the search of international databases: Social Work Abstracts (EBSCO), Psychology Abstracts, Family and Women Studies Worldwide, Psychiatry Online, Psych INFO (including Psych ARTICLES), PubMed, Wiley, and Scopus, 60 peer-reviewed articles that met all inclusion criteria were included in the paper. Our review clarifies that looking forward, the call for a comprehensive understanding of economic violence, enhanced legal frameworks, and the strengthening of supportive networks underscore the multidisciplinary approach required to combat this issue effectively.

Adolescent relationship violence (ARV) is associated with a host of negative health outcomes that can impact individuals across the lifespan. This second article in a two-part series provides clinical context for ARV to assist clinicians who are caring for adolescents and offers practical advice based on current recommendations. Communicating with teens and families about confidentiality and mandated reporting requirements is paramount, and providers must be familiar with documentation and legal nuances. Professional organizations recommend screening women of childbearing age. However, because ARV occurs frequently across all genders and few teens identify or self-report ARV, providing universal education to all teens can overcome barriers associated with delayed disclosure and intervention.

Adolescent relationship violence (ARV) is the use of coercive, controlling, and violent behavior within romantic adolescent relationships. It presents with patterned behaviors that occur in a cyclic fashion. ARV is common across all demographics and encompasses modalities such as physical, sexual, psychological, digital and financial abuse; reproductive coercion, and stalking. Exposure increases risk for serious acute and chronic physical and mental health consequences, including death. In the first article of this 2-part series, the authors describe the social, psychological, and medical context of ARV; in part two, the author's focus on practical aspects for approaching ARV in clinical encounters.

Longitudinal studies are critical to understanding health changes following trauma. The present systematic review adopted a longitudinal perspective on intimate partner abuse (IPA) by examining characteristics and findings of studies that followed persons who recently left an abusive relationship or who were at a point where they might leave and reported on health over time. Web of Science, EBSCO, Published International Literature on Traumatic Stress, and PubMed databases were searched using combinations of terms reflecting IPA, longitudinal study design, and health outcomes. Quantitative studies that recruited adults or adolescents, had multiple time points, used a health indicator as an outcome, and where IPA was a predictor, independent variable, or inclusion criterion were included. These methods yielded 36 studies from 20 unique samples. The following domains were coded for each article: citation, demographics, risk of bias, sample setting, design, follow-up, relationship and IPA characteristics, outcomes, and analytic focus. Results showed that all samples were female, and most were help-seeking. Depression, post-traumatic stress, and physical symptoms decreased over time, while quality of life increased in most studies. Changes in anxiety symptoms over time were less consistent. Ongoing IPA and social support were the most consistent predictors of health changes over time, showing relations with indicators of poorer or better health, respectively. There was preliminary evidence that decreases in emotional and physical symptoms plateaued within 9 months of the baseline assessment. Sampling, study design, measurement, and analysis are considered, and recommendations for future research are provided.

Criminal protection orders (POs), with varying degrees of restrictions on offenders' behavior, are issued by the criminal justice (CJ) system to enhance the safety and well-being of victims of domestic violence (DV). Yet, little research exists to elucidate outcomes associated with their issuance, and no research has examined outcomes of POs that are issued with greater restrictions than what victims requested. Among 187 women who were victims in a criminal DV case with a male intimate partner and who voiced their preference about a PO in the court system, this study examined if women's DV revictimization by their partner and mental health (i.e., posttraumatic stress disorder and depression symptom severity, perceived stress, and fear) are differentially impacted by whether criminal POs issued by the court were more restrictive than what was requested by victims. Results showed that regardless of whether the level of criminal PO issued was more restrictive or not, victims reported significant decreases in victimization and improvement in mental health over time. However, there was greater benefit regarding victimization and mental health outcomes in the degree of change over time for victims with POs that were not more restrictive than those whose POs were more restrictive. Findings are discussed in the context of Therapeutic Jurisprudence and survivor-defined practice, which underscore the importance of victims' input and requests in criminal PO proceedings.

Criminal protection orders (POs), with varying degrees of restrictions, are issued by the criminal justice system to enhance the safety of victims of domestic violence (DV). Limited research exists to elucidate factors associated with their issuance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate how demographic, relationship, parenting, and court-process-related factors are related to the level of restriction the PO places on the offender. Two-hundred ninety-eight women who were victims in a criminal DV case (M age 36.4, 50.0% African American) participated in a structured interview approximately 12 to 15 months following the offenders' arraignment. Results revealed that psychological DV severity and fear of the offender in the 30 days prior to arraignment significantly predicted PO level of restriction issued. In addition, level of restriction requested by the victim significantly predicted level of restriction issued by the judge (though closer examination of the data revealed that many orders were issued at a different level of restriction than the victim requested). Other demographic, relationship, parenting, and court-process-related factors did not predict PO level of restriction issued. Findings are discussed with respect to practice and policy in the criminal justice system.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious public health issue that affects many women all over the world. One of the most consistent risk factors for IPV is poverty. On the other hand, IPV is also a risk factor for continued poverty, which puts many women in a cycle of violence and poverty that is difficult to escape. Interventions are needed to help women improve their economic solvency and decrease their poverty-based risk for IPV.

The current study is a qualitative study to examine how women who have experienced IPV would plan and execute an intervention to improve economic solvency.

The participants were 21 diverse women living in a women's shelter.

The major themes that came from the women's suggestions were as follows: addressing mental health, accountability, financial management classes, job skills and education, and other resources.

Implications of this study include the need for more comprehensive programs, a general desire amongst the women for mentoring and accountability, and the need to address knowledge deficits about resources. This information can help resource providers to help build interventions to improve economic solvency in women who have experienced IPV and improve their overall safety.

Many women are exposed to partner violence during their lifetime which affects mental health and child development. This study revalidates an intergenerational model connecting partner violence to poor functioning for mothers and children using structural equation techniques.

A longitudinal design collected data on 300 mother-child pairs. Comparisons between the model, tested at study entry and again at 24 months, are reported. Maternal measures included childhood experiences of abuse, partner abuse, chronic pain, and mental health. The Child Behavior Checklist measured child function.

Comparison of both models revealed that maternal chronic pain, maternal mental health, and child witnessing of mother's abuse remain strong predictors of child dysfunction. Maternal social support and self-efficacy are significant predictors of more positive maternal mental health with a conduit effect on child behavior.

Intimate partner violence directly impacts the victim and also has a secondary impact on the children of abuse victims.