This study aimed to compare stress reactions and coping resources among the Jewish population in Israel during two different crises: the COVID-19 pandemic and the current Iron Swords War. The study included 421 respondents during the COVID-19 period and 604 respondents during the Iron Swords War. Participants completed self-report questionnaires designed to evaluate sense of coherence, hope, and Community resilience as indicators of coping resources and the Brief Symptom Inventory as a measure of psychological distress. Overall, the mental state of the entire population was more severe during the Iron Swords War than it was during the COVID-19 period (p0.001> (. Sense of coherence and hope were both strongly negatively correlated with psychological distress (p<.001). Moreover, hope, sense of coherence, gender, and age were significant predictors of psychological distress (p< .01). These findings indicate the importance of personal coping resources, such as sense of coherence, during times of crisis. This is particularly important for vulnerable groups. Policymakers should prioritize mental-health services and targeted interventions in emergency response plans.

This study registered rates of specific treatment options for mental disorders as well as their long-term outcome.

The history of mental disorders was used as a proxy for diagnosis. The data came from the COMET-G study (40 countries; 54,826 subjects, 64.73 % females, 35.45±13.51 years old). The analysis included descriptive statistics, Risk Ratios, t-tests, and ANCOVA's.

24.14 % reported a history of any mental disorder (depression >12 %, non-affective psychosis and Bipolar disorder 1 % each, >20 % self-injury, >10 % had attempted suicide, 7.17 % illegal substance abuse). Most patients were not under any kind of treatment (59.44 %) and most were not receiving treatment as recommended (e.g. 90 % of Bipolar and 2/3 of psychotic patients). No treatment at all and psychotherapy as monotherapy were consistently related to poorer outcomes. In anxiety or depression, only antidepressant monotherapy and benzodiazepines, in Bipolar disorder only antipsychotic monotherapy in males and antidepressant monotherapy in females and in non-affective psychosis antipsychotics and psychotherapy in females only, were related to good outcomes. No treatment modality was related to a good outcome in those with a history of self-harm, suicidal attempts, or illegal substance use. Only depression and treatment with antidepressants were related to metabolic syndrome.

In the community, the overwhelming majority of mental patients do not receive appropriate treatment or, even worse, no treatment at all. The outcome is unfavourable for the majority and only a few selective treatment options seem to make a difference.

This study aims to assess the impact of depression and antidepressant use on Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE), defined as myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and death, post-acute myocardial infarction.

A retrospective analysis of deidentified electronic health records was conducted on adults with a primary hospital admission diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2019. International Classification of Disease diagnosis codes for depression were used to identify depression. Patients were grouped by depressive phenotype and the presence or absence of an antidepressant on their discharge medication list. The primary outcome was the incidence of Major Adverse Cardiac Events within one year following index visit, illustrated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Baseline variables were evaluated for independent association with the primary outcome via Cox Proportional-Hazards model.

This study identified an association between depression and increased incidence of Major Adverse Cardiac Events post-acute myocardial infarction. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model evaluation shows that antidepressant use was not a significant predictor for Major Adverse Cardiac Events among patients with depression. Chronic kidney disease and congestive heart failure were independently associated with increased risk of events.

Patients with depression should be closely monitored post-acute myocardial infarction due to a potential increased risk of MACE. Consideration should be given to factors that may contribute to worse outcomes, including antidepressant pharmacotherapy.

Depression and cognitive disorders remain major challenges in healthcare, with conventional treatments often facing limitations such as slow onset, side effects, and poor drug delivery to the brain. Biomimetic nanodelivery systems, including nanozymes, cell membrane-based systems, and exosomes, have emerged as promising solutions to these issues. These systems leverage natural biological processes to enhance drug targeting, improve bioavailability, and regulate complex biological pathways. Nanoenzymes, with their catalytic properties, offer antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits, while cell membranes and exosomes provide efficient targeting and immune evasion. However, challenges remain, including the immaturity of large-scale production techniques, stability concerns, and incomplete understanding of their mechanisms of action. Moreover, the long-term safety, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of these systems require further investigation. Despite these obstacles, the potential of biomimetic nanodelivery systems to revolutionize depression treatment is significant. Future research should focus on optimizing their preparation, improving drug targeting and release, and ensuring clinical safety. Multidisciplinary collaboration will be essential for advancing these systems from the laboratory to clinical practice, offering new therapeutic avenues for depression and other neurological disorders.

Psychiatric patients face a significantly shorter life expectancy than the general population due to a complex interplay of medical, behavioral, and social factors. Venous thromboembolism (VTE), encompassing both pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis, is an underrecognized yet critical contributor to morbidity and mortality in this population. Evidence suggests a two to three times higher prevalence of VTE in psychiatric patients compared to the general population, with incidence rates up to 4.5 per 1,000 person-years. This elevated risk is attributed to a hypercoagulable-hypofibrinolytic state. It is influenced by metabolic abnormalities, pro-inflammatory pathways, antipsychotic medications, and genetic factors. Health care biases and reduced treatment compliance further exacerbate the burden. This review explores the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and mechanistic underpinnings of VTE in psychiatric populations, emphasizing the role of metabolic syndrome and antipsychotic therapy. To mitigate mortality and enhance outcomes for these high-risk individuals, it is imperative to address this issue through improved risk stratification and preventive strategies.

Understanding the prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and changes in demand for related healthcare services is crucial for effective healthcare policy and resource allocation. Clinicians, teachers and charities have reported increasing demand for ADHD diagnoses in recent years, overwhelming support systems. This review synthesises post-2020 studies of ADHD prevalence and incidence.

We conducted systematic searches in Web of Science, Embase, Medline, Global Health, and PsycInfo using terms relating to ADHD and prevalence. Additional sources included public health databases, Google, and study reference lists. Studies were included if they contained original data relating to general population rates of ADHD and we extracted data relating to methods of assessment and measures of prevalence and incidence. We followed PRISMA and synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM) guidelines.

Forty studies across 17 countries, with one study spanning 42 countries, were reviewed. No significant rise in ADHD prevalence was found, although incidence was found to vary during the COVID-19 pandemic. Only four of the included studies were at low risk of bias.

There are substantial limitations in the quality of the literature included in this review. Due to significant delays in reporting prevalence data, estimates from previous reviews may be inaccurate. There is a lack of healthcare data and no school-level data.

Significant research gaps exist in determining ADHD prevalence and incidence. The highest quality findings do not suggest an increase in prevalence since 2020 but indicate some variability in incidence during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further research is urgently needed to guide clinical practice and public health policy.

At present, the available evidence regarding the relationship between neck pain and depression is inadequate. We investigated the detailed association between neck pain and depression among American young adults.

In this cross-sectional study, 1,949 young adults were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004 for the sample. For the assessment of neck pain and depression, we used a questionnaire about miscellaneous pain and mental health from personal interview data, defining neck pain as those who have had neck pain in the past three months, and defining depression as those who positive depression score. Logistic regression were utilized to substantiate the research objectives. A subgroup analysis was carried out to ensure that the results were stable.

This study included a total of 1,949 eligible participants, 344 reported neck pain, with a prevalence of 17.7 %. Depression was reported in 133 cases, indicating a prevalence rate of 6.8 %. Patients with neck pain were significantly more likely to have depression (11.6 %) than those without it (5.8 %, p < 0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education level, marital status, family income, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes, and oral analgesics, neck pain is significantly associated with depression (OR: 1.72, 95 %CI: 1.14-2.6, p = 0.01). Subgroup analyses by age, sex, smoking, alcohol, and oral analgesics showed no statistically significant interactions (p > 0.05).

In summary, the findings of this research indicated a significant link between neck pain and depression. Clinicians should screen and assess for depression in patients experiencing neck pain, ensuring that they offer prompt and effective interventions to prevent further exacerbation of the condition.

Background: While the potential anti-cancer effects of antidepressants have been investigated, limited research has been conducted incorporating age-specific analyses for individual tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). This study aims to elucidate the associations between TCAs and SSRIs with gynecologic cancers and to identify specific age groups and cancer types that may benefit from the chemopreventive effects of these medications. Methods: A case-control study comprised 97,736 female patients diagnosed with gynecologic cancers between 2002 and 2016. Each newly diagnosed case of cervical, ovarian, or uterine cancer was matched with four controls. Both cases and controls were then stratified by age to perform subgroup analyses. Associations between antidepressant use and cancer risk were evaluated using multivariable conditional logistic regression models. Results: The TCA class was significantly associated with reduced risks of cervical, ovarian, and uterine cancers, displaying adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of 0.799, 0.775, and 0.813, respectively. The SSRI class also indicated reduced risks, with aORs of 0.736, 0.638, and 0.567 for the same cancer types. Particularly noteworthy were females aged 40-64, who demonstrated the most significant associations between gynecologic cancers and using TCAs or SSRIs. Conclusions: TCAs and SSRIs are associated with reduced risks of developing cervical, ovarian, and uterine cancers. The middle-aged population may have the most significant potential for future research on drug repurposing against gynecologic cancers, and both cervical and uterine cancers are potential targets for drug repurposing involving TCAs or SSRIs.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global health concern, and it can potentially affect mental health like depression. Resolved HBV infection, often perceived as a milder form of HBV infection, are often overlooked, and the association between it and depression remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the association between resolved HBV infection and depression. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2005 to 2018, including 20,655 adult Americans. Resolved HBV infection was defined as HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) negative and HBV core antibody (HBcAb) positive. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to balance baseline characteristics. Algorithms such as inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) were also applied. Among the participants, 1,551 (7.5%) were reported to have resolved HBV infection. Depression was reported by 1,796 participants (8.7%), with a higher prevalence among those with resolved HBV infection (10.6%) compared to those without HBV infection(8.5%). PSM and IPTW revealed a significantly positive association between resolved HBV infection and depression (PSM: OR = 1.40, 95%CI 1.09-1.79, p = 0.008; IPTW: OR = 1.48, 95%CI 1.26-1.74, p < 0.001). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of the findings. The results suggest a complex relationship between resolved chronic viral infections and mental health. Based on this finding, it is advisable to conduct psychological monitoring and offer support to individuals who have achieved a functional cure for HBV. Further prospective studies are still needed to reveal the potential mechanism.

Unemployment is a risk factor for the development and perpetuation of psychological distress. Finding support for affected individuals can be particularly challenging, which causes a vicious cycle of psychological distress and unemployment.

The aim of this systematic review is to assess and summarize existing evidence regarding interventions that address both mental health and re-employment, emphasizing accessibility through community or social care structures.

A systematic literature search using PubMed and EBSCOhost and an additional search using reference list screening were conducted according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. In order to identify interventions for the mental health and re-employment of individuals experiencing psychological distress and unemployment, an inclusion process according to the PICO (population, intervention, comparison, and outcome) scheme and the study design was applied. Title and abstract screening and full-text screening for eligibility were performed independently by 2 reviewers. Quality assessments using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tools for randomized and nonrandomized trials were conducted by 2 independent reviewers.

The initial systematic search yielded 4442 results, and 15 articles were additionally identified via reference list screening. Eventually, 74 articles were subjected to a thorough evaluation process by 2 independent reviewers. The interrater reliability was determined to be good, with a Cohen κ score of 0.770. After a multistep extraction process, 17 studies remained for inclusion, with each focusing on the improvement of mental health, re-employment, or both outcomes. A heterogeneous pattern of results emerged, with most interventions showing improvement in either mental health or re-employment. Most studies were assessed as having a moderate (n=7) or high (n=9) risk of bias.

The results of the systematic research indicate that low-threshold services in close cooperation with institutions and exchange with other supportive stakeholders should be fostered. Derivable overarching themes and intervention content for integrative support measures can serve as guidelines for future interventions.

PROSPERO CRD42022378490; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42022378490.

Background: Adjustment to stress requires the involvement of coping strategies. Using maladaptive coping strategies may precipitate the onset or recurrence of psychiatric disorders. On the other hand, the illness itself may alter the coping mechanisms of an individual. This study aims to identify the coping strategies in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) and determine the correlation between coping strategies and clusters of psychiatric symptoms. Material and Methods: Socio-demographic and clinical data were analyzed for 30 inpatients with BD and 30 inpatients with MDD. The SCL-90 questionnaire and COPE inventory were filled in by the participants. Results: Compared to the general population, the patients with BD had lower scores for functional coping strategies and higher scores for one dysfunctional coping strategy. The patients with MDD had lower scores for all active functional and two passive functional coping strategies. By contrast, they presented higher scores on one passive functional and one dysfunctional coping strategy. Positive reinterpretation and growth were negatively correlated with somatization, depression, anxiety, interpersonal sensitivity, hostility, and psychoticism. Behavioral disengagement was positively correlated with depression, anxiety, somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, and psychoticism. Substance use was positively correlated with the number of episodes. Distinct coping mechanisms were associated with certain symptom clusters. Conclusions: Although dysfunctional coping strategies may predispose to psychiatric disorders, in our study, they appear to be state-dependent rather than trait-dependent.

To assess socio-medical status of unemployed persons registered in Germany between 2016 and 2021 regarding medical diagnoses and work ability.

We conducted a secondary data analysis.

We used t-test to compare means of groups and odds ratio to calculate the probability for work ability.

4.3 million clients were assessed (43.3 ± 13.2 years; 52.4 % male). Nearly all clients (96.5 %) received at least one diagnosis. Regarding first and secondary diagnosis, 52.1 % suffered from mental disorders, followed by diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (31.4 %), and the circulatory system (10.7 %). Of those with at least one diagnosis 41.7 % were unable to return to work. Clients with mental disorders (first diagnosis) were more likely to be unable to work (68.2 %, n = 958,144) than those with diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (16.9 %, n = 237,459) and diseases of the circulatory system (9.4 %, n = 131,513).

Our study provides disease prevalence and work ability based on secondary data of all socio-medical assessments of the German Federal Employment Agency between 2016 and 2021. Further studies should be enhanced by both individual and external factors to provide a broader perspective. Labor market policy instruments should address both, the improvement of re-employment rates and the targeted prevention of diseases among unemployed. It is mandatory to define target populations who suffer from an increased risk for (mental) health problems and to design future labor market instruments.

Experiencing early-life stress (ELS) plays a fundamental role in the development of mood disorders like depression in adulthood. Neuro-immune response in the brain is coupled with depressive-like behaviors following maternal separation (MS) stress. Indomethacin (IND) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. This study aimed to assess the antidepressant-like effect of IND in a mouse model of MS stress, focusing on its potential effect on neuro-inflammatory response in the hippocampus. To do this, male NMRI mice were treated with IND at doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, saline (10 mL/kg) or fluoxetine (30 mg/kg). Drugs were injected intraperitoneally for 7 days. Behavioral tests including forced swimming test, splash test, and open field test were performed. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR was used for evaluation of gene expression of inflammatory mediators including of iNOS, TLR4, NLRP3, TNF-α, and IL-1β in the hippocampus. Results showed that MS provoked depressive-like behavior in mice as observed by a decrease in the grooming activity time in the splash test and an increase in the immobility time in the forced swimming test. Depressive-like behaviors were coupled with neuroinflammation in the hippocampus. IND attenuated depressive-like behaviors as well as decreased the gene expression of neuroinflammation-related mediators in the hippocampus of MS mice. In conclusion, results showed that IND, at least in part, via alleviation of neuro-inflammatory response in the hippocampus, exerted antidepressant-like effects in a mouse model of MS stress.

Chronic stress is a major risk factor for depression, a leading cause of disability and suicide. Because current antidepressants work slowly, have common side effects, and are only effective in a minority of patients, there is an unmet need to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we identify the receptor for neuropeptides B and W, Npbwr1, as a key regulator of depressive-like symptoms. Npbwr1 is increased in the nucleus accumbens of chronically stressed mice and postmortem in patients diagnosed with depression. Using viral-mediated gene transfer, we demonstrate a causal link between Npbwr1, dendritic spine morphology, the biomarker Bdnf, and depressive-like behaviors. Importantly, microinjection of the synthetic antagonist of Npbwr1, CYM50769, rapidly ameliorates depressive-like behavioral symptoms and alters Bdnf levels. CYM50769 is selective, well tolerated, and shows effects up to 7 days after administration of a single dose. In summary, these findings advance our understanding of mood and chronic stress and warrant further investigation of CYM50769 as a potential fast-acting antidepressant.

Over the past decade, prompt technological innovation has accelerated the news dissemination of armed conflict and wars through various media channels, yielding mass fear, anxiety, and depression. Adolescents are more susceptible to experiencing mental distress as a result of watching such uncensored scenes.

This study aimed to assess the psychological impact of exposure to conflict scenes in the Gaza Strip on the mental health of school adolescents.

A cross-sectional study involved 519 adolescents aged 11-18 years, recruited through clustered sampling technique from private and public middle and high schools in Gharbia governorate, Egypt. An anonymous self-administered questionnaire was deployed and included the Arabic version of the depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS21).

Around 30% of the studied adolescents were diagnosed as stressed, 61.5% were depressed, and 57% were anxious. These adverse mental outcomes were more prevalent among females and adolescents in high schools. Additionally, participants who were regularly exposed to conflict scenes for an average of 5-7 days per week, with a viewing duration exceeding 3 h per day, were more likely to experience these mental issues.

The study unveiled a high prevalence rate of stress, depression, and anxiety among adolescents. This observation was positively associated with the frequency and intensity of media exposure to the conflict scenes in the area. Supportive initiatives and controlling exposure to media for adolescents in conflict zones have unequivocal value in ameliorating mental disorders.

Depression and sleep disorders are strongly linked, with sleep centers (SCs) reporting depressive symptoms in up to 63% of patients and depression diagnoses in 22%. Despite this, routine depression screening is not standard in SCs. This study aimed to identify patients meeting criteria for a current major depressive episode (cMDE) among those self-reporting clinically significant depressive symptoms (CSDS) in U.S. SCs.

This retrospective sub-analysis of an ongoing multicenter trial included 147 adults (22-75 years) referred for sleep disorder evaluation. Participants underwent psychiatric assessments using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), with CSDS defined as PHQ-9 ≥10. Descriptive statistics were compared between patients with/without a confirmed cMDE using non-parametric tests. Additional Mann-Whitney U tests assessed sleep characteristics by cMDE, major depressive disorder (MDD), and bipolar disorder (BD) (statistical significance, p < 0.05).

Of 147 patients, 57 (38.8%) had a PHQ-9 score ≥10. Among them, 23 (40.3%) were diagnosed with cMDE: 17 (29.8%) met cMDD criteria, and 6 (10.5%) had BD, type I. A significantly lower cMDE prevalence was observed in patients without CSDS. Sleep characteristics showed no significant differences except for a lower N3 percentage in cMDE. BD, type I was associated with higher obstructive sleep apnea comorbidity compared to cMDD.

Our findings suggest major depression prevalence in SCs is five times higher than in the general population, highlighting the need for routine depression screening and psychiatric confirmation. This also aids in identifying comorbidities and fostering tailored interventions to improve outcomes.

It remains unclear that trade-off between the benefits of regular physical activity (PA) and the potentially harmful effects of exposure to PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm) in highly polluted regions. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the modification of PM2.5 on the associations of PA volume and intensity with depressive symptoms and glaucoma in individuals with or without depressive symptoms. Data of this study was obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS) implemented during 2011 to 2020. PA volume and intensity were measured by a standardized questionnaire; a machine learning prediction model was applied to ascertain the PM2.5 concentrations. Cox proportional hazards regression models were employed to explore associations. A total of 20,930 participants were finally included, with 11,214 analyzed for PA and depressive symptom risk and 16,965 analyzed for PA and glaucoma risk. PA volume or intensity was independent protective factor for incident depressive symptoms, while PM2.5 was independent risk factor for depressive symptoms and glaucoma in participants with or without depressive symptoms. Among participants with low PM2.5 exposure (< 35 micrograms per cubic meter [µg/m3]), PA volume or intensity showed an inverse association with the risk of incident depressive symptoms, but insignificant associations between PA volume or intensity and glaucoma risk were observed in either participants with or without depressive symptoms. Among participants with high PM2.5 exposure (≥ 35 µg/m3), higher PA volume or intensity increased the risks of depressive symptoms and glaucoma. Higher PA level was associated with a reduced risk of depressive symptoms only among participants with low PM2.5 exposure, and higher PA did not decrease the risk of glaucoma regardless of PM2.5 level. Our findings recommend regular PA to prevent depressive symptoms in less polluted regions and reinforce the importance of air quality improvement.

Background/Objectives: The consumption of SunGold kiwifruit, a fruit rich in vitamin C, has been associated with improved mood in healthy individuals with low vitamin C levels. However, no studies have examined this relationship in individuals with elevated mood disturbance. This study examined the potential for SunGold kiwifruit to improve psychological wellbeing in mood-disturbed adults. Methods: This study was a two-period, non-blinded crossover trial. Adults (n = 26) aged 18-60 years with mild to moderate mood disturbance were randomised with a two-week washout between periods. During each 4-week period, participants consumed either two SunGold kiwifruit daily or their usual diet. The primary outcome was mean change in total mood disturbance scores from the kiwifruit period compared to the diet-as-usual period. Secondary outcomes were blood plasma vitamin C concentration, wellbeing, vitality and gastrointestinal symptoms. Participants and researchers were unblinded to condition and intervention. Results: Scores for total mood disturbance (65.2%, p < 0.001), wellbeing (10.5%, p < 0.01) and vitality (17.3%, p = 0.001) significantly improved in the kiwifruit condition compared to the usual diet. Vitamin C (27.5%, p = 0.002) concentrations also improved and gastrointestinal symptom reduction was evident during kiwifruit consumption (16.2%, p = 0.003). There were no serious adverse events. SunGold kiwifruit consumption resulted in significant reductions in total mood disturbance scores and improvements in wellbeing, vitality and vitamin C concentrations. Gastrointestinal symptom severity also significantly reduced. Conclusions: Results provide preliminary evidence of the potential benefits of kiwifruit for reducing mood disturbance in adult populations. Further studies in diverse groups, including clinical populations, are warranted.

Background: Late-life depression has serious public health implications due to its impact on healthcare systems and the economy. As the prevalence of depression tends to change over time across populations, continuous disease surveillance is warranted to inform evidence-based preventive interventions. The well-being of the Singapore elderly (WiSE) is the second study in the series that looked at the prevalence and correlates of depression in a multiethnic population in Singapore. Methods: This single-phase and comprehensive cross-sectional study employed stage 1 diagnosis of geriatric mental state-automated geriatric examination for computer-assisted taxonomy (GMS-AGECAT) to capture depression and subsyndromal depression. Results: The prevalence of depression and subsyndromal depression was 4.4% and 11.9%, respectively, compared to 3.7% and 13.4% in 2013 (p=0.425). Indians, those who were divorced and had below primary education had higher odds of depression (2.2, 3.6, and 4.2 times, respectively). Depression was associated with severe disability, loneliness, suicidal ideations, poor life satisfaction, health status, and social connections. Conclusion: Despite a decade of preventive efforts for the population, there has not been any decrease in the prevalence of depression. There needs to be continued efforts to strengthen prevention, detection, and access to care of those with depression. A multiprong community-based preventive strategy focusing on social as well as health factors is needed to promote social connections, reduce loneliness, and promote the overall wellbeing of the elderly.

Caring for individuals with mental illness involves significant challenges from both the unique symptoms and societal stigma associated with these conditions, often leading to caregiver neglect despite the heightened risk of anxiety and depression among caregivers. This study was designed to quantify the prevalence of anxiety and depression among caregivers and to offer a detailed configurational analysis of their sociodemographic attributes.

Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted using generalized linear mixed models to calculate the prevalence rates for each study. We explored potential sources of heterogeneity through meta-regression and subgroup analyses. Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) was utilized to identify sociodemographic configurations that contribute to anxiety and depression. The study was pre-registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023478003).

A total of 52 studies involving 10,232 participants were included. The prevalence of depression was 43.91 % (95 % CI: 34.62 %-53.65 %), anxiety was 66.56 % (95 % CI: 48.45 %-80.82 %), and comorbidity was 37.24 % (95 % CI, 19.75 %-58.85 %). QCA identified four sociodemographic configurations contributing to depression and two contributing to anxiety. Key contributors to depression included younger, unmarried, highly educated female caregivers, as well as older, married caregivers caring for patients with schizophrenia. Anxiety was more prevalent among older, married caregivers of patients with schizophrenia and younger, highly educated female caregivers.

Differences in the measurement tools used across studies may have impacted the results of this study.

The high prevalence of depression and anxiety among caregivers of individuals with mental illness underscores the need for targeted mental health services and policies.

Ambient air pollution has been linked to postpartum depression. However, few studies have investigated the effects of traffic-related NOx on postpartum depression and whether any pregnancy-related factors might increase susceptibility.

To evaluate the association between traffic-related NOx and postpartum depressive and anxiety symptoms, and effect modification by pregnancy-related hypertension.

This study included 453 predominantly low-income Hispanic/Latina women in the MADRES cohort. Daily traffic-related NOx concentrations by road class were estimated using the California LINE-source dispersion model (CALINE4) at participants' residential locations and averaged across pregnancy. Postpartum depressive and anxiety symptoms were evaluated by a validated questionnaire (Postpartum Distress Measure, PDM) at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months postpartum. Multivariate linear regressions were performed to estimate the associations at each timepoint. Interaction terms were added to the linear models to assess effect modification by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs). Repeated measurement analyses were conducted by using mixed effect models.

We found prenatal traffic-related NOx was associated with increased PDM scores. Specifically, mothers exposed to an IQR (0.22 ppb) increase in NOx from major roads had 3.78% (95% CI: 0.53-7.14%) and 5.27% (95% CI: 0.33-10.45%) significantly higher 3-month and 12-month PDM scores, respectively. Similarly, in repeated measurement analyses, higher NOx from major roads was associated with 3.06% (95% CI: 0.43-5.76%) significantly higher PDM scores across the first year postpartum. Effect modification by HDPs was observed: higher freeway/highway and total NOx among mothers with HDPs were associated with significantly higher PDM scores at 12 months postpartum compared to those without HDPs.

This study shows that prenatal traffic-related air pollution was associated with postpartum depressive and anxiety symptoms. The study also found novel evidence of greater susceptibility among women with HDPs, which advances the understanding of the relationships between air pollution, maternal cardiometabolic health during pregnancy and postpartum mental health. Our study has potential implications for clinical intervention to mitigate the effects of traffic-related pollution on postpartum mental health disorders. The findings can also offer valuable insights into urban planning strategies concerning the implementation of emission control measures and the creation of green spaces.

Because the offspring of parents with an affective disorder (OAD) are at high risk for developing mental disorders, and persons with an affective disorder (AD) show dysfunctional hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity, changes in HPA functioning in OAD might be an etiological risk factor that precedes the development of ADs. The primary aim of the meta-analysis was to quantitatively summarize the existing data on different indices of diurnal cortisol in the OAD. The secondary aim was to explore potential moderators of this relation. Following PRISMA guidelines, we included 26 studies (3052 offspring) on diurnal cortisol in our meta-analysis after an initial screening of 3408 articles. Intercept-only and meta-regression models were computed using the robust variance estimation method. Analyses examining mean cortisol levels at discrete timepoints, total cortisol output, and the cortisol rise in response to awakening (CAR) were conducted separately. The results demonstrated that the OAD had higher mean levels of cortisol at different timepoints throughout the day compared to controls (Hedge's g = 0.21). There was evidence of publication bias in studies examining CAR, such that effect sizes were positively biased. The present findings are consistent with a meta-analysis showing elevated cortisol in youth having an AD. Notable limitations across studies include the method of cortisol measurement and assessment of ADs. Altogether, these results highlight the fact that increased cortisol levels may act as a potential neuroendocrine antecedent and/or risk factor for the development of ADs among high risk youth.

Black people living in Western countries face a range of structural challenges and disparities (e.g. difficult socio-economic conditions, historical and intergenerational trauma, police brutality, racism) that adversely affect their mental health. This study assesses depression prevalence among Black individuals in minority contexts, examining sociodemographic factors, study type, evaluation period, publication year, and measures; and differences in depression rates between Black individuals and other racial groups (Asian, Indigenous, Latinx, White).

To identify studies, a comprehensive search strategy was developed and executed on September 30, 2022 across six databases (Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, APA PsycInfo, CINAHL. Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase, MEDLINE). The meta-analysis protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020155634). A random-effects meta-analysis estimated depression prevalence among Black individuals. Meta-regression tested differences by racial background, gender, sample type, evaluation method, age group, and publication year, reporting Odd ratios (ORs) with Confidence intervals (CIs).

From 21,215 citations, 421 studies were included with a sample of 1,305,366 Black individuals (411 studies were conducted in North America, 9 in Europe, and one in both Europe and North America). Pooled prevalence was 20.2% (95% CI: 18.7%-21.7%) among Black individuals, 13.4% (95% CI: 10.2-16.9) among Asians, 21.0% (95% CI: 18.7-23.5) among Latinx, and 17.8% (95% CI: 16.3-19.2) among Whites. It was significantly lower among White (OR = 0.98, p = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.95, 1.00) and Asian people (OR = 0.94, p = 0.004, 95% CI: 0.90, 0.98) compared to Black individuals. Pooled prevalence was 26.6% for the past week (95% CI: 24.6%-28.6%), 22.1% (95% CI: 19.2-23.1) for the past two weeks, 21.6% (95% CI: 11.6-33.5) for the past month, 9.1% (95% CI: 7.7%-10.7%) for the past year, and 16.6 (95% CI: 12.9-20.8) for lifetime. Depression prevalence was higher among Black women (24.3%; 95% CI: 21.3-27.4) and in North America (20.3%; 95% CI: 18.8-21.9). Depression prevalence was higher in 2000-2009 (23.5%; 95% CI: 20.9-26.2), decreased in 2010-2019 (17.7%; 95% CI: 15.6-19.9) and increased since 2020 (20.6%; 95% CI: 17.5-23.8).

As depression constitutes a burden among Black individuals in the West, it is urgent to mobilize public health agencies, research funding agencies and clinicians to develop and implement antiracist and culturally adapted prevention and intervention programs.

Public Health Agency of Canada, (grant number 1920-HQ-000053), the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) and Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) (grant number 469050).

Traditional neuroimaging studies have primarily emphasized analysis at the group level, often neglecting the specificity at the individual level. Recently, there has been a growing interest in individual differences in brain connectivity. Investigating individual-specific connectivity is important for understanding the mechanisms of major depressive disorder (MDD) and the variations among individuals.

To integrate individualized functional connectivity and structural connectivity with machine learning techniques to distinguish people with MDD and healthy controls (HCs).

Prospective.

A total of 182 patients with MDD and 157 HCs and a verification cohort including 54 patients and 46 HCs.

3.0 T/T1-weighted imaging, resting-state functional MRI with echo-planar sequence, and diffusion tensor imaging with single-shot spin echo.

Functional and structural brain networks from rs-fMRI and DTI data were constructed, respectively. Based on these networks, individualized functional connectivity (IFC) and individualized structural connectivity (ISC) were extracted using common orthogonal basis extraction (COBE). Subsequently, multimodal canonical correlation analysis combined with joint independent component analysis (mCCA + jICA) was conducted to fusion analysis to identify the joint and unique independent components (ICs) across multiple modes. These ICs were utilized to generate features, and a support vector machine (SVM) model was implemented for the classification of MDD.

The differences in individualized connectivity between patients and controls were compared using two-sample t test, with a significance threshold set at P < 0.05. The established model was tested and evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

The classification performance of the constructed individualized connectivity feature model after multisequence fusion increased from 72.2% to 90.3%. Furthermore, the prediction model showed significant predictive power for assessing the severity of depression in patients with MDD (r = 0.544).

The integration of IFC and ISC through multisequence fusion enhances our capacity to identify MDD, highlighting the advantages of the individualized approach and underscoring its significance in MDD research.

1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.

The prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is heterogenous with reports from 2.4 % to 85.2 % and 15 %-73.2 %, respectively. The present study provides meta-analytic current, and lifetime estimates of anxiety and depressive disorders amongst those living with RA.

An online search of PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and WoS was conducted. Of the 3801 articles identified, 13 and 22 studies were coded for anxiety or depressive disorder prevalence in RA, respectively. Studies were included if they prospectively examined individuals (age >16) with RA, used semi-structured diagnostic interviews, and reported lifetime or current anxiety or depressive disorder comorbidity.

Data were analyzed using a Bayesian multilevel modelling approach, revealing current and lifetime prevalence of anxiety disorders to be 13.5 % CI95 % (9.2-17.3) and 22.2 %, CI95 % (15.9-29.1), respectively. Models also demonstrated the current and lifetime prevalence of depressive disorders to be 17.9 % CI95 % (10.1-27.1) and 32.4 %, CI95 % (18.3-47.6), respectively. Moderator analyses revealed numerically greater rates of GAD and MDD than other anxiety or depressive disorders.

There were too few estimates to extensively model several moderators or to conduct exhaustive comparisons of demographic populations requiring greater representation such as males, non-White participants, and people with young adult RA onset.

The prevalence and risk for comorbid anxiety and depressive disorders in RA is extremely high. Routine screening and ongoing monitoring of individuals with RA for comorbid anxiety and depressive disorders is important to support improved prognosis.

Lipedema is a chronic condition involving abnormal fat deposition in the lower limbs, often underdiagnosed, and poorly understood. We examined the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of a large patient cohort in Switzerland and their associations with disease severity.

We included women aged 18 and over with lipedema at Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Switzerland. Demographic and clinical data, including disease type, stage, symptoms, and comorbidities, were collected. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the data, and logistic regression was employed for analysis.

A total of 381 females (mean age 41.9 years) were included, mostly classified as type III (48.3%) and IV (30.2%) lipedema. In our population, 26.6% of patients were classified as stage 1, 44.5% as stage 2, and 28.9% as stages 3-4. Family history was reported in 49.9%, with symptoms often starting during adolescence (62.2%). Pain affected 87.9%, and quality of life (QoL) was significantly reduced, with 71.5% reporting low physical and 67.4% low mental well-being. Comorbidities were present in 92.1%, increasing with advanced disease stage, with chronic venous disease (86.2%) and obesity (51.7%) being the most common. Univariate analysis showed advanced lipedema was associated with age (OR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.05-1.09), BMI (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.19-1.29), and comorbidities (OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.39-1.81). Multivariate analysis confirmed age (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.04-1.08) and BMI (OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.17-1.28) as correlates with disease stage.

Our study highlights frequent comorbidities in patients with lipedema, including chronic venous disease, obesity, and mental health conditions such as anxiety and depression. The distribution of comorbidities supports the need for tailored management. The correlation between disease stages, age, and BMI suggests potential progression, warranting confirmation through prospective studies.

Some experiences of integrating mental health into primary care settings, testing the feasibility of the World Health Organization's mental health Gap Action Programme, have been launched in the Democratic Republic of the Congo to address treatment gaps. However, they have not yet been documented to look at scaling up. This study described the health outcomes and lessons learned from two of these experiences. A multiple case study was conducted on two integration programmes in the urban Tshamilemba district in the Haut-Katanga province, ongoing since 2021, and in the rural Mangembo district in the Kongo Central province, ongoing since 2022. Data were collected between July and August 2024 from focus group discussions, interviews, document reviews, including routine health information systems. We carried out descriptive statistical analyses to measure indicators of accessibility and the use of services, and content analysis to explore the lessons learned. A total of 1708 individuals with mental disorders were treated in primary care settings between 2021/22 and 2024 under both programmes. From 2021 to 2024, the curative consultations rate for mental disorders, which was unknown at the start of both programmes, reached 14.4 new cases/1000 inhabitants/year in the Tshamilemba district and 14.2 new cases/1000 inhabitants/year in the Mangembo district. Several lessons were learned, related to each phase of mental health Gap Action Programme. The findings confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of the mental health Gap Action Programme in the Congolese context and highlight the need for concerted action to address the identified challenges.

Couples often resemble each other in characteristics like depression, but the reasons for this homogamy (i.e., similarity) remain unclear. We investigated two potential mechanisms: preference for a self-similar partner and convergence (i.e., increasing similarity) over time. In a nationally representative sample of 2,793 Czech individuals who we surveyed three times in one year, we examined self-reports of participants', their ideal partners', and their actual partners' "pessimism and depressiveness". Participants preferred partners less depressive than themselves, yet their actual partners were more depressive than desired. Those who ended their relationships showed a greater ideal-versus-actual partner discrepancy than those who stayed together. In stable relationships, individuals adjusted their ideal preferences to align more closely with their actual partners over time. We identified four relationship classes with latent class growth modeling based on self and partner evaluations: both non-depressive, both depressive, self depressive and partner non-depressive, and self non-depressive and partner depressive. Romantic relationships were most stable when both partners were non-depressive and most likely to dissolve when both were depressive. While we failed to detect convergence overall, we found it within heterogamous (i.e., dissimilar) classes. Overall, our findings suggest that homogamy and heterogamy in depressiveness are complexly associated with relationship maintenance.

Evidence indicates that patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) exhibit a senescence phenotype or an increased susceptibility to premature senescence. However, the relationship between senescence-related genes (SRGs) and MDD remains underexplored.

We analyzed 144 MDD samples and 72 healthy controls from the GEO database to compare SRGs expression. Using Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine-Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE), we identified five hub SRGs to construct a logistic regression model. Consensus cluster analysis, based on SRGs expression patterns, identified subclusters of MDD patients. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) identified gene modules strongly linked to each cluster. Single-cell RNA sequencing was used to analyze MDD SRGs functions.

The five hub SRGs: ALOX15B, TNFSF13, MARCH 15, UBTD1, and MAPK14 showed differential expression between MDD patients and controls. Diagnostics models based on these hub genes demonstrated high accuracy. The hub SRGs correlated positively with neutrophils and negatively with T lymphocytes. SRGs expression pattern revealed two distinct MDD subclusters. WGCNA identified significant gene modules within these subclusters. Additionally, individual endothelial cells with high senescence scores were found to interact with astrocytes via the Notch signaling pathway, suggesting a specific role in MDD pathogenesis.

This comprehensive study elucidates the significant role of SRGs in MDD, highlighting the importance of the Notch signaling pathway in mediating senescence effects.