Psychological distress, smoking and alcohol use are interconnected. This study explores how distress and smoking independently, and in combination, are associated with alcohol consumption, past attempts and motivation to restrict alcohol use among people in Great Britain.

Pooled cross-sectional data of people (aged ≥ 16) in Great Britain (N = 87326) collected monthly from April 2020 to June 2023 in the nationally representative Smoking and Alcohol Toolkit Study. Multinomial and binary logistic regressions assessed how past 30-day distress (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale) and smoking were associated with alcohol use risk level (AUDIT-C), past-year attempts to restrict alcohol use, and motivation to restrict alcohol use in three months, adjusting for sex, age, socioeconomic and geographic characteristics.Findings.The interaction between distress and smoking on alcohol use risk level was significant. At all distress levels, odds of using alcohol at increasing or high risk were higher among participants who smoked in the past or currently. Moderate or serious distress was associated with lower odds of using alcohol at increasing risk among participants who did not smoke. Higher distress was positively associated with past-year attempts to restrict alcohol use, while smoking in those reporting low-to-moderate distress was negatively associated with past-year attempts. Higher distress was positively associated with motivation to restrict alcohol use in three months.

Smoking currently or in the past was independently associated with increased odds of using alcohol at increasing- or high-risk levels. Among those not smoking, higher distress was associated with reduced odds of using alcohol at increasing risk.

Positive alcohol expectancies are linked to increased alcohol use among college students. Difficulties regulating emotion have been shown to moderate this relationship, though little research accounts for differences based on the valence of the emotion being regulated.

To examine the independent moderating roles of positive and negative emotion dysregulation on the association between positive alcohol expectancies and alcohol use.

College students (N = 165, Mage = 20.48, SDage = 1.90; 66.1 % Female; 66.7 % White; 65.5 % non-Hispanic) who reported regular substance use (≥ 3 times in the past week) completed a one-time survey. Linear regression analyses with moderation were conducted.

Correlational analyses suggested that positive alcohol expectancies, positive emotion dysregulation, and negative emotion dysregulation were positively associated with greater alcohol use. Linear regression analyses indicated that difficulties with positive emotion regulation moderated the relationship between positive alcohol expectancies and alcohol use. However, difficulties with negative emotion regulation did not moderate this relationship. College students who reported greater positive alcohol expectancies and concurrently greater difficulties with positive emotion regulation also report greater alcohol consumption, compared to those who reported greater positive alcohol expectancies and fewer difficulties regulating positive emotion.

Difficulties with positive, not negative, emotion regulation may serve as a risk factor for hazardous alcohol use in college students. Findings may inform the modification of existing intervention programs across university counseling centers and other health sectors to promote the development of positive emotion regulation skills for individuals who endorse positive emotion regulation difficulties, thereby reducing hazardous alcohol use amid this high-risk developmental period.

There is a longstanding assumption that cigarette smoking stabilizes mood. However, no studies have rigorously evaluated mood stability as people progress from occasional to regular use of tobacco cigarettes. This observational study thus tested two central questions: as smoking rates increase, (1) does the acute mood boost after smoking become more stable and (2) do background moods (i.e. mood levels outside of smoking) become more stable?

Observational study of a cohort of n = 255 youth enriched for current smoking (mean age at baseline = 15.63 years, 52% female, 67% non-Hispanic White) recruited from 16 high schools in or near Chicago, Illinois, USA. They participated in up to 6 waves of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) spanning 6 years of their adolescence and young adulthood. During each week-long EMA wave, youth self-initiated reports of mood levels immediately before and after smoking. They also reported on background mood levels in response to random prompts ~5 times/day.

Mixed-effects location scale (MELS) modeling tested the effects of within-person smoking rates on within-person variability in positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) levels modeled (1) from before to after smoking and (2) outside of smoking.

As smoking rates increased, on average, variability decreased by approximately 15-20% in the heightened PA (P < 0.01) and diminished NA (P < 0.01) changes from before to after cigarette use. Gender moderated the associations between smoking rates and mood variability during background random, non-smoking times: as smoking rates increased among boys only, on average, variability in background PA (P < 0.01) and NA (P < 0.01) decreased by around 10%.

As youth progress from occasional to more frequent cigarette use, their immediate mood boost after smoking appears to become more stable. Among boys only, background moods outside of smoking also appear to stabilize.

Introduction: Black/African American individuals who use cannabis report greater increases in frequent cannabis use and more cannabis-related problems, indicating a need to identify malleable psychological factors that may play a role in cannabis-related problems to inform prevention and treatment. One such factor is false safety behaviors (FSBs), or behaviors geared toward decreasing anxiety short-term but that maintain anxiety in the long-term. Although emerging data indicate that FSBs are related to cannabis use in predominantly White samples, studies have not yet tested whether FSBs are related to cannabis use among Black/African American individuals who use cannabis. Method: Participants were 79 (64.6% cis-female) Black/African American undergraduates who endorsed current cannabis use and who completed an online survey. Results: All but three participants (96.2%) reported using non-cannabis FSB to manage anxiety. FSBs were positively related to cannabis use frequency, cannabis problems, and coping-motivated cannabis use, as well as anxiety and depression. The relations of anxiety with cannabis use frequency and use-related problems occurred via the serial effects of frequency of FSB use and coping-motivated cannabis use. Conclusions: Nearly all participants reported using FSB to manage anxiety. More frequent FSB use may play an important role in the relation of anxiety with cannabis misuse. Given that little attention has been paid to psychological factors related to cannabis use and related problems among Black/African American undergraduates, results can inform theoretical models and intervention efforts geared toward reducing risky cannabis use in this health disparities group.

Hazardous alcohol use is highly prevalent among adults with chronic pain. Although there is reason to believe that perceptions about the relationships between pain and alcohol use are important for understanding, predicting, and intervening upon alcohol use behavior, no prior work has explored such perceptions or their association with hazardous drinking.

Among 273 adults who reported chronic pain and alcohol consumption (Mage = 33), we examined the relationship between perceptions regarding pain and alcohol use and indices of hazardous alcohol behaviors. Participants indicated the extent to which they held perceptions that (1) pain can be a motivator of alcohol consumption, (2) alcohol consumption can help one cope with pain, and (3) pain can be a barrier to quitting drinking. Alcohol use was assessed using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, which includes three indices of hazardous drinking: alcohol consumption, harmful drinking, and alcohol dependence.

Perceptions about pain and alcohol accounted for 16-19% of the variance in alcohol consumption, harmful drinking, and alcohol dependence (ps < 0.008). Specifically, perceptions that alcohol can help one cope with pain were positively associated with alcohol consumption and harmful drinking. Perceptions that pain can be a barrier to alcohol reduction were positively associated with alcohol dependence and harmful drinking.

This is the first study to examine relationships between perceptions about pain and alcohol use and hazardous drinking. Findings contribute to a growing literature suggesting that perceptions about the interrelations between pain and substance use may contribute to hazardous patterns of use.

Social media addiction has become a global public health challenge, and understanding its mechanism's complexity requires the integration of the transitional characteristics of addiction development stages and breaking through the traditional single-reinforcement-path explanatory framework. This study is based on the dual pathway of positive and negative emotional reinforcement, integrating multidisciplinary evidence from neuroscience, psychology, and computational behavioral science to propose an independent and dynamic interaction mechanism of positive reinforcement (driven by social rewards) and negative reinforcement (driven by emotional avoidance) in social media addiction. Through a review, it was found that early addiction is mediated by the midbrain limbic dopamine system due to immediate pleasurable experiences (such as liking), while late addiction is maintained by negative emotional cycles due to the dysfunction of the prefrontal limbic circuit. The transition from early addiction to late addiction is characterized by independence and interactivity. Based on this, a phased intervention strategy is proposed, which uses reward competition strategies (such as cognitive behavioral therapy and alternative rewards) to weaken dopamine sensitization in the positive reinforcement stage, enhances self-control by blocking emotional escape (such as through mindfulness training and algorithm innovation) in the negative reinforcement stage, and uses cross-pathway joint intervention in the interaction stage. This study provides a theoretical integration framework for interdisciplinary research on social media addiction from a dynamic perspective for the first time. It is recommended that emotional reinforcement variables are included in addiction diagnosis, opening up new paths for precise intervention in different stages of social media addiction development.

Alcohol-use disorders (AUD) risk is highly prevalent in university students, and is associated with both intraindividual (e.g., metacognitions, personality traits) and interindividual (e.g., social motives, drinking identity, drinking norms) psychological factors. Binge drinking (BD) also constitutes a widespread drinking pattern in youth, distinct from AUD risk and mainly predicted by interindividual factors. As BD is itself a risk factor for AUD, we tested a dual psychological path model to AUD risk, combining a direct path (including intra/interindividual factors independent from BD) with an indirect path (where interindividual factors increase AUD risk through BD). We assessed a large range of psychological factors predicting BD and AUD risk in an online survey among 2026 university students (Mage = 20.46; SD = 2.82; 67.42% of women). We tested the direct and indirect (via BD) effects of these psychological factors on three subdimensions of AUDIT (alcohol intake, dependence symptoms, and alcohol-related problems) through a multivariate mediation model using percentile bootstrapped estimates. Support for the dual-path model to risk of AUD emerged from the results, comprising a direct path mainly influenced by intra-individual factors unrelated to BD (e.g., coping motives, depression symptoms, and uncontrollability beliefs), and an indirect BD-mediated path mainly influenced by inter-individual factors (e.g., social motives, enhancement motives, drinking norms) through BD. This new dual-path conceptualization combining direct/intra-individual and indirect/inter-individual risk factors identifies key psychological determinants of AUD risk in youth and offers new prevention avenues for AUD risk.

Women experience greater state negative affect (NA) and physical symptoms during the premenstrual and menstrual phases of the menstrual cycle. Although women use more cannabis during the premenstrual and menstrual phases, no known studies have tested whether this is due to the synergistic effects of heightened NA and using cannabis to cope with increased NA or physical symptoms. This study tested whether state NA interacts with cannabis motives to predict more frequent cannabis use during these phases. Normally cycling women who endorsed past-month cannabis use (N = 40) retrospectively reported NA, cannabis use, and motives for 65 days. Cannabis use was more frequent during the premenstrual (but not menstrual) phase, and cannabis use to manage physical pain/discomfort (physical motives) was greater in the menstrual (but not premenstrual) phase. There were significant interactions between phase, state NA (depression and anger, in separate models), and coping and physical motives. Among women with higher state depression, coping motives were associated with more frequent cannabis use in the ovulatory phase whereas among women with lower state depression, coping motives were associated with more frequent cannabis use in the premenstrual phase. Among women with lower (but not higher) state anger, coping motives were associated with greater cannabis use frequency in the premenstrual phase. Among women with higher state NA, physical motives were associated with more frequent cannabis use in the menstrual (but not premenstrual) phase. Findings support that state NA interacts with motives during high-risk phases and is differentially related to more frequent cannabis use, which has important clinical implications.

Background: College students with high trait social anxiety and heavy episodic drinking appear to consume greater quantity of alcohol, presumably because individuals with higher trait social anxiety may be more responsive to the stress-response dampening effects of alcohol in social contexts due to appraisal disruption. Yet little research has tested the impact of appraisal disruption on implicit social cognitions relevant to drinking behaviors among individuals with higher vs lower social anxiety. The current study tested whether the sequence of alcohol consumption and induction of an anticipatory social stressor interacts with trait social anxiety to predict changes in implicit drinking identity and implicit self-esteem. Methods: Undergraduate students who endorsed past-month heavy episodic drinking (N = 51) received a dosage of alcohol and a social stressor. Participants were randomly assigned to receive alcohol prior to or after the social stressor. Results: There was a significant interaction between condition and trait social anxiety on changes in implicit drinking identity, such that alcohol consumption before induction of anticipatory anxiety (versus after) was associated with greater increases in implicit drinking identity among those with higher (but not lower) trait social anxiety. Conclusions: Findings shed light on the role of appraisal disruption on implicit drinking identity among college students with high social anxiety who endorse heavy episodic drinking, such that appraisal disruption is associated with greater increases in implicit drinking identity among students with high social anxiety. Counter to hypothesis, appraisal disruption did not impact implicit self-esteem, suggesting this effect may be specific to implicit drinking identity.

Smoking bans aim to reduce tobacco use, but their long-term effectiveness remains uncertain. This study investigates short- and long-term causal effects of Türkiye's indoor smoking ban policy on the intentions to quit smoking among adults.

Using three waves of data (2008, 2012, and 2016) from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS), we analyse the changes in intentions to quit smoking before and after the implementation of indoor smoking ban policy in July 2009. The analysis includes data from 2008 as the pre-policy period, 2012 as the short post-policy period, and 2016 as a long post-policy period, to observe both initial and sustained effects.

Results indicate a modest positive effect shortly after the ban's implementation, with a 2% increase in the log odds of intention to quit smoking in 2012 among the individuals exposed to the ban. However, by 2016, the effect appears to vanish, with a 11% decrease in the log odds of intention to quit smoking among those exposed to the ban over a prolonged period.

Overall, the study suggests that while the smoking ban initially encouraged quitting intentions, its effect did not sustain over time, emphasizing the need for the controls of society compliance and of policy implementations.

Dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens core (NAcC) has long been associated with the promotion of motivated behavior. However, inhibited dopamine signaling can increase behavior in certain settings, such as during drug self-administration. While aversive environmental stimuli can reduce dopamine, it is unclear whether such stimuli reliably engage this mechanism in different contexts. Here we compared the physiological and behavioral responses to the same aversive stimulus in different designs to determine if there is uniformity in the manner that aversive stimuli are encoded and promote behavior. NAcC dopamine was measured using fiber photometry in male and female rats during cocaine self-administration sessions in which an acutely aversive 90 dB white noise was intermittently presented. In a separate group of rats, aversion-induced changes in dopamine were measured during an escape design in which operant responses terminated aversive white noise. Aversive white noise significantly reduced NAcC dopamine and increased cocaine self-administration in both male and female rats. The same relationship was observed in the escape design, in which white noise reduced dopamine and promoted the performance of escape behavior. In both designs, the magnitude of the dopamine reduction predicted behavioral performance. While prior research demonstrated that pharmacologically reduced dopamine signaling can promote intake, this report demonstrates that this physiological mechanism is naturally engaged by aversive environmental stimuli and is generalizable to non-drug contexts. These findings illustrate a common physiological signature in response to aversion that may promote both adaptive and maladaptive behavior.

Studies have shown that those high in anxiety were at increased risk for alcohol use during the COVID-19 pandemic. Tension reduction theory points to anxiety sensitivity (AS) as a potential risk factor. Drinking to cope may further increase this risk. During the pandemic, those high in AS may have experienced increased stress and drank to cope, which may have put them at risk for misusing alcohol. Objective: The current study tested the association between AS and alcohol outcomes, mediated by perceived stress and drinking motives, among young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants and Methods: Young adults (N = 143) self-reported on AS, perceived stress, drinking motives, and alcohol outcomes (i.e., use and problems). Results: A mediation analysis revealed that AS positively predicted alcohol problems, via coping motives, and positively predicted alcohol use, via perceived stress and enhancement/sociability motives. Conclusion: These results confirm AS-risk for young adult alcohol use during the pandemic and highlight perceived stress and drinking motives as mechanisms of risk.

Risk-taking behavior is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality and is elevated among women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) and using substances. With the goal of advancing rigorous research on risk-taking behavior, this study examined the concordance of propensity for emotion-dependent risk-taking in the laboratory and emotion-dependent substance use and sexual behavior in the real world among women experiencing IPV and using substances. Women experiencing IPV were recruited from community establishments between 2018 and 2020 (N = 142; Mage = 40.63; 57.8% Person of Color). In the laboratory, participants underwent a randomly assigned negative, positive, or neutral emotion induction, following which they completed a behavioral measure of risk-taking propensity. Then, for the succeeding 30 days, they completed thrice daily surveys on emotion states and risk-taking behavior. Participants were more likely to drink alcohol, use cannabis, use illicit drugs, and have condomless sex during elevated (versus not elevated) negative and positive emotion states. However, participants did not exhibit greater risk-taking propensity in the laboratory in the context of negative and positive emotion states. Further, negative and positive emotion-dependent risk-taking propensity in the laboratory was not associated with negative and positive emotion-dependent risk-taking behavior in the real-world. Findings suggest the need for additional research that evaluates the utility of laboratory paradigms in the prediction of emotion-dependent risk-taking in the real-world.

Objective: Drug use and related harm among women of color who experience intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious clinical concern. Depression symptoms have been identified as an important risk factor for the development of drug use and related harm among women of color with a history of IPV. The current study advances this research by examining the roles of distinct domains of racial microaggressions in the relation between depression symptoms and drug use and related harm in this population. Method: Participants were 103 women of color experiencing IPV (Mage = 40.39, 51% Black/African American). Results: Results indicated an indirect effect of depression symptoms on drug use and related harm via racial microaggression domains of Assumptions of Inferiority, Second-Class Citizen and Assumptions of Criminality, Microinvalidations, Exoticization and Assumptions of Similarity, and Environmental Microaggressions. Conclusions: Findings provide preliminary support for the role of racial microaggressions in the association between depression and drug use and related harm among women of color experiencing IPV.

Emerging adults live in a time of rapid technological change, with social media playing a central role in their daily lives. While frequent use of social media is linked to reduced well-being, it also supports personal growth and the pursuit of individual goals. This study aims to identify the relationships between attitudes toward social media and psychological well-being in the context of the mediating roles of Facebook addiction and perceived stress in emerging adulthood.

The study included 294 participants, with a mean age of 23.76 years (SD = 3.23). The following tools were used to measure the variables: the Social Media Mindsets Scale (translated by the authors), the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale, the Psychological Well-Being Scale, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Correlation and mediation analyses were conducted.

The findings confirmed most of the assumptions. Attitudes toward social media were positively correlated with psychological well-being. Furthermore, Facebook addiction and perceived stress serve as serial mediators between attitudes toward social media and well-being.

Based on the results, practical interventions can be developed to prevent addictions and reinforce stress management, which will help young people maintain their well-being and mental health.

Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD) is prevalent and associated with significant disability. Stress potentiation of drug use motivation is a mechanism implicated in CUD; however, little is known about the neurobiological mechanisms through which stress impacts cannabis use motivation. Frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA), an index of approach motivation, is sensitive to acute stress, so this study sought to examine the relationship between stress-potentiated FAA and cannabis-related problems.

Non-treatment-seeking regular cannabis users in a stress task study (N=102) and a control task study (N=52) completed a resting state task with concurrent electroencephalogram recording before and after a stressor or control task. Changes in FAA from pre- to post-task represented a neurophysiological index of approach motivation change. Participants completed self-report and clinician-assessed measures of cannabis-related problems. Participants in the stress study re-completed all study components three months later.

Relative to the control study, participants in the stress study showed a greater shift from right to left alpha-band power at frontal sites. More cannabis-related problems, but not past-month cannabis use sessions, correlated with a blunted stress-induced FAA response, which predicted greater maintenance of cannabis-related problems three months later. Baseline cannabis-related problems were not associated with changes in the stress-induced FAA response from baseline to follow-up, and changes in cannabis-related problems across the three-month study period were not associated with changes in the stress-induced FAA response. The stress-induced FAA response demonstrated good stability over three months.

The stress-induced FAA response may represent a stable predictor of cannabis-related problems and may have implications for clinical practice.

The present study aimed to identify distinct profiles of mindfulness among a sample of university students in the USA who use alcohol and cannabis. Further, we examined whether these mindfulness profiles were indirectly associated with alcohol and cannabis-related outcomes via alcohol and cannabis use motives.

Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to determine the number of latent classes among 771 US university students (75.7% White, 66.8% female) who consumed alcohol and cannabis in the prior month. Additionally, parallel mediation analyses were conducted to determine whether mindfulness profiles were indirectly associated with alcohol- and cannabis-related outcomes via alcohol and cannabis use motives.

LPA indicated a 4-class solution fit optimally. Further, the high mindfulness group was generally the most adaptive (lower scores) across alcohol and cannabis outcomes, whereas the judgmentally observing group was generally the most maladaptive (higher scores). Indirect effect analyses revealed that compared to the low mindfulness group, the high mindfulness group reported lower scores on alcohol- and cannabis-related outcomes via lower alcohol- and cannabis-related coping motives.

These findings can inform prevention and intervention efforts using mindfulness techniques and interventions among students who engage in problematic alcohol and cannabis use.

This study is not preregistered.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12671-025-02544-5.

People living with mental illnesses (MI) have a specific need that requires tailored tobacco treatment (TT) information to be delivered in a desirable, appropriate, and acceptable manner to increase their receptivity. In this mixed-method study, we aimed to develop tailored TT pamphlets for people with MI. In Phase I, we explored perspectives on tailored TT information from mental health providers (MHPs) and individuals with MI. In Phase II, we assessed the desirability, applicability, and acceptability of the developed tailored TT pamphlets. Semistructured interviews were used to obtain qualitative and quantitative data from 16 MHPs and 13 individuals with MIs recruited from an inpatient psychiatric facility. Thematic analysis and descriptive statistics were used to synthesize the data. The study guides the development of effective approaches, presentations, and content to enhance TT engagement for people with MI. The proposed tailored TT pamphlets proved desirable, applicable, and acceptable for individuals with MI. We recommend developing tailored TT information for people with MI in collaboration with MHPs and the target audience. Clear, concise communication is crucial, ensuring desirability, applicability, and acceptability. Further research should identify effective approaches and evaluate tailored TT materials to enhance program effectiveness.

Objectives: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with an elevated risk of substance use, but few studies have simultaneously examined other aspects of victimization history that may contribute to substance use. The current study examined the direct and moderating effects of childhood polyvictimization (i.e., multiple experiences of violence victimization before age 18) on the association between IPV subtypes (physical, sexual, psychological, and injury) and alcohol/drug use. Methods: A sample of 256 college students ages 18-25 (72% female, 68% white) completed a survey assessing past-year IPV, childhood polyvictimization, and past three-month substance use. Results: There were no direct or joint associations between IPV, childhood polyvictimization, and alcohol use. There were direct associations between psychological IPV, childhood polyvictimization, and drug use. No other forms of IPV were significantly associated with drug use. Conclusions: Results highlight unique direct associations between violence victimization and drug use risk compared to alcohol use risk in this context.

Appetitive and aversive motivation are prominent in theories of dysregulated behaviors. The authors conducted a meta-analysis of the association between individual differences in appetitive and aversive motivation and several dysregulated behaviors (i.e., alcohol use, marijuana use, tobacco use, binge eating, aggression, gambling, and nonsuicidal self-injury). Alcohol use (r = .17, k = 141), marijuana use (r = .13, k = 23), aggression (r = .22, k = 52), and gambling (r = .08, k = 55) were all significantly positively related to appetitive motivation. Binge eating (r = .28, k = 34) and self-injury (r = .17, k = 10) were significantly positively related to aversive motivation. Effect sizes were similar to the median effect size in personality research. Together, these results provide some evidence that some dysregulated behaviors are more correlated with approach motivation, whereas others are more correlated with aversive motivation, which may indicate distinct etiological pathways.

Alcohol use is an important area of health disparities among Black individuals in the United States (US). The identification of psycho-sociocultural factors that play a role in alcohol-related problems among this population can inform culturally sensitive prevention and treatment efforts. Psycho-sociocultural models of alcohol misuse posit that some Black Americans may drink (and continue to drink despite drinking-related problems) to alleviate negative affect associated with experiencing race-based discrimination. Although there is a strong link between overt race-based discrimination and drinking outcomes, little research has tested whether more common, everyday race-based discrimination (microaggressions) is related and whether this association is attributable, in part, to drinking to cope with negative affect.

Participants were 365 Black undergraduate current individuals who use alcohol who completed an online survey.

Microaggressions were significantly, positively correlated with alcohol-related problems, even after controlling for drinking, overt discrimination, non-racist life stressors, and relevant demographic variables. Microaggressions were indirectly related to alcohol-related problems via drinking to cope with negative affect (depression, anxiety).

Microaggressions are robustly associated with alcohol-related problems even after accounting for variance attributable to more overt discrimination and non-racist stressors among Black adults. Consistent with minority stress models, this relation may be due in part to drinking to cope with negative affect (depression, anxiety).

Short-form video applications have spread rapidly and gained popularity among adolescents for their interactivity, sociality, and personalization. However, excessive and uncontrolled use has also caused some adolescents to develop short-form video addiction (SFVA). Although parental phubbing has been shown to be a risk factor for SFVA in adolescents, its intermediate mechanisms, particularly the emotional mediation mechanisms, remain unclear. Therefore, this study aims to explore the relationships among parental phubbing, SFVA, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and neuroticism in adolescents.

Adolescents aged 13-19 (N = 5785) were recruited from Shandong Province, China, as participants in 2023. Participants were asked to complete five self-report questionnaires, including the Parental Phubbing Behavior Questionnaire (PPBQ), Short-Form Video Addiction (SFVA) Scale, The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD20), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) Scale, and Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory (Brief Version) (CBF-PI-B).

The results indicate that the influence of parental phubbing on short-form video addiction among adolescents is mediated by symptoms of depression and anxiety. Additionally, neuroticism moderates the association between parental phubbing and symptoms of depression and anxiety.

Cross-sectional design limits causal inferences. Reliance on self-report scales.

These findings contribute to a better understanding of the systemic impact mechanisms of negative family interactions on SFVA. Moreover, prevention and intervention strategies targeting high neuroticism and symptoms of depression and anxiety may help prevent the developmental pathway from parental phubbing to SFVA.

Background: Persons with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) compared to those without evince high rates of hazardous drinking, or patterns of alcohol consumption that increase the risk for harmful consequences. One potential marker of vulnerability for PTSD-hazardous drinking comorbidity may be smoking behavior. Individuals with PTSD have a higher prevalence of smoking and smoke at higher rates. Smokers, compared to nonsmokers, are more apt to engage in hazardous alcohol use. Notably, there is a need to expand research on smoking in the context of PTSD and hazardous drinking to inform treatment of these morbidities. Objective: The present cross-sectional investigation sought to examine smoking status as a marker of risk among persons with probable PTSD who engage in hazardous drinking (N = 647; Mage = 38.90 years, SD = 10.71; 51.2% female). Results: Results indicated that trauma-exposed smokers, compared to non-smokers, evinced greater severity of PTSD symptoms, depression, emotion regulation difficulties, hazardous drinking, and substance use problems, with small effect sizes. No statistically significant group differences were found for anxiety symptom severity. Secondary analyses among only smokers supported an interrelation between cigarette dependence and each of the criterion variables that demonstrated statistically significant group differences. Specifically, cigarette dependence was statistically significantly and incrementally related to PTSD symptom severity, depression, emotion regulation difficulties, more severe hazardous drinking, and a greater degree of substance use problems. Conclusions: Overall, the current investigation found that smoking status among persons with probable PTSD who engaged in hazardous drinking was associated with numerous indicators of mental health and substance use vulnerability.

Studies show that higher levels of positive affect (PA) and lower levels of negative affect (NA) are related to craving and alcohol consumption at a daily level in men, but little is known on these associations at a momentary level, and whether they are present in women. This study measured the dynamics of within-person NA and PA surrounding craving, non-heavy alcohol use and binge drinking in women with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and female controls without AUD.

53 female patients with AUD and 75 female controls, all recruited in Belgium, were included in an experience sampling study where they reported on momentary NA, PA, craving and alcohol use in daily life over a period of 12 months. Assessments occurred eight times a day on Thursdays, Fridays and Saturdays in seven bursts of three weeks.

Within-person NA at a previous assessment (t-1) predicted craving at the current assessment (t0) in patients with AUD in a positive linear [β = 0.043; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.002, 0.057; P = 0.041] and quadratic fashion (β = 0.034; CI = 0.011, 0.057; P = 0.004). Within-person PA at t-1 predicted craving at t0 in patients with AUD with a positive quadratic relation (β = 0.042; CI = 0.08, 0.065; P < 0.001). Within-person NA at t-1 negatively predicted non-heavy alcohol use at t0 in a linear fashion in controls (β = -0.495; CI = -0.677, -0.312; P < 0.001) and patients with AUD (β = -0.276; CI = -0.421, -0.132; P < 0.001). Within-person PA at t-1 significantly predicted non-heavy alcohol use at t0 with a positive linear term (β = 0.470; CI = 0.329, 0.610; P < 0.001) in controls, but with a positive linear term (β = 0.399; CI = 0.260, 0.454; P < 0.001) and a positive quadratic term (β = 0.203; CI = 0.060, 0.347; P = 0.003) in patients with AUD. Within-person NA at t-1 predicted binge drinking at t0 in patients with AUD with a significant quadratic term (β = 0.236; CI = 0.060, 0.412; P = 0.008), but not for controls. Within-person PA at t-1 predicted binge drinking at t0 in patients with AUD with a significant quadratic term (β = 0.378; CI = 0.215, 0.542; P < 0.001), and this was also the case for controls (β = 0.487; CI = 0.158, 0.770; P < 0.001). Non-heavy alcohol use at t0 predicted lower levels of NA at t+1 in both patients with AUD (β = -0.161; SE = 0.044; CI = -0.248, 0.074; P = 0.001) and controls (β = -0.114; CI = -0.198, -0.029; P = 0.010). Non-heavy alcohol use at t0 also predicted higher levels of PA at t+1 in both patients with AUD (β = 0.181; CI = 0.088, 0.274; P < 0.001) and controls (β = 0.189; CI = 0.101, 0.278; P < 0.001).

The momentary relation between affect and craving or alcohol use seems to be non-linear in female patients with alcohol use disorder, whereby a worse mood predicts subsequent alcohol use, though more for binge drinking than for non-heavy alcohol use.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and cannabis use disorder (CUD) commonly co-occur. Conditioned associations between psychological trauma cues, distress, cannabis use, and desired relief outcomes may contribute to the comorbidity. These conditioned associations can be studied experimentally by manipulating trauma cue exposure in a cue-reactivity paradigm (CRP) and examining effects on affective and cognitive outcomes in participants with and without PTSD. However, traditional CRPs take place in-lab limiting recruitment/power. We aimed to examine the effects of CRP condition (trauma and neutral) and PTSD group (likely PTSD+ and PTSD-) on affective and craving outcomes using a stand-alone online expressive writing CRP.

Participants (n = 202; 43.6% male; Mage = 42.94 years, SD = 14.71) with psychological trauma histories and past-month cannabis use completed a measure of PTSD symptoms (PTSD Checklist-5 for DSM-5 [PCL-5]) and were randomized to complete either a trauma or neutral expressive writing task. Then they completed validated measures of affect (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule-Short Form [PANAS-SF]) and cannabis craving (Marijuana Craving Questionnaire-Short Form [MCQ-SF]).

Linear mixed models tested the hypothesized main and interactive effects of CRP condition (trauma and neutral) and PTSD group (likely PTSD+ and PTSD-) on negative and positive affect (PANAS-SF) and cannabis craving dimensions (MCQ-SF). The hypothesized main effects of trauma versus neutral expressive writing were found for negative affect and the expectancy dimension of cannabis craving and of PTSD group for negative affect and all cannabis craving dimensions; no interactions were observed.

Expressive writing appears a useful online CRP. Interventions focused on reducing negative affect and expectancy craving to trauma cues may prevent/treat CUD among cannabis users with PTSD.

The Use of an Online Expressive Writing as a Trauma Cue Exposure: Effects on Craving and Emotions.

Traditional methadone treatment (MT) for opioid use disorder (OUD) fails to systematically address the physical pain, emotion dysregulation, and reward processing deficits that co-occur with OUD, and novel interventions that address these issues are needed to improve MT outcomes. Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE) remediates the hedonic dysregulation in brain reward systems that is associated with OUD. Our pilot and phase 2 randomized controlled trials of MORE were the first to demonstrate MORE's feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy as delivered in MT clinics; MORE significantly reduced drug use (eg, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, cocaine, marijuana, opioids, and other drugs), craving, depression, anxiety, and pain among people with OUD. However, uptake of novel, efficacious interventions like MORE may be slow in MT because time and resources are often limited. Therefore, to best address potential implementation issues and to optimize future MORE implementation and dissemination, in this study, we will utilize a Type 2, Hybrid Implementation-Effectiveness study design. We will not only evaluate MORE's effectiveness but also assess barriers and facilitators to integrating MORE into MT. MT clinicians will receive training in (1) a higher intensity MORE implementation strategy consisting of training in the full MORE treatment manual or (2) a minimal intensity implementation strategy consisting of a simple, scripted mindfulness practice (SMP) extracted from the MORE treatment manual with minimal training. We aim to: (1) using a Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework, examine barriers and facilitators to implementation of MORE and SMP in MT, and evaluate strategies for optimizing training, fidelity, and engagement, (2) optimize existing MORE and SMP training and implementation toolkits, including adaptable resources that can accelerate the translation of evidence into practice, and (3) compared to usual MT, evaluate the relative effectiveness of MORE plus MT or SMP plus MT (N = 450).

Given the popularity and ease of single-item craving assessments, we developed a multi-item measure and compared it to common single-item assessments in an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) context. Two weeks of EMA data were collected from 48 emerging adults (56.25% female, 85.42% White) who frequently used cannabis. Eight craving items were administered, and multilevel factor analyses were used to identify the best fitting model. The resulting scale's factors represented purposefulness/general desire and emotionality/negative affect craving. Convergent validity was examined using measures of craving, cannabis use disorder symptoms, frequency of use, cannabis cue reactivity, cannabis use, negative affect, and impulsivity. The scale factors were associated with cue-reactivity craving, negative affect, impulsivity, and subfactors of existing craving measures. For researchers interested in using a single item to capture craving, one item performed particularly well. However, the new scale may provide a more nuanced assessment of mechanisms underlying craving.

Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies have previously demonstrated a prospective influence of craving on substance use in the following hours. Conceptualizing substance use as a dynamic system of causal elements could provide valuable insights into the interaction of craving with other symptoms in the process of relapse. The aim of this study was to improve the understanding of these daily life dynamic inter-relationships by applying dynamic networks analyses to EMA data sets.

Secondary analyses were conducted on time-series data from two 2-week EMA studies. Data were collected in French outpatient addiction treatment centres. A total of 211 outpatients beginning treatment for alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, stimulants and opiate addiction took part.

Using mobile technologies, participants were questioned four times per day relative to substance use, craving, exposure to cues, mood, self-efficacy and pharmacological addiction treatment use. Multi-level vector auto-regression models were used to explore contemporaneous, temporal and between-subjects networks.

Among the 8260 daily evaluations, the temporal network model, which depicts the lagged associations of symptoms within participants, demonstrated a unidirectional association between craving intensity at one time (T0) and primary substance use at the next assessment (T1, r = 0.1), after controlling for the effect of all other variables. A greater self-efficacy at T0 was associated with fewer cues (r = -0.04), less craving (r = -0.1) and less substance use at T1 (r = -0.07), and craving presented a negative feedback loop with self-efficacy (r = -0.09).

Dynamic network analyses showed that, among outpatients beginning treatment for addiction, high craving, together with low self-efficacy, appear to predict substance use more strongly than low mood or high exposure to cues.

Emotion regulation is a topic of growing interest in the field of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Despite the field's concentrated efforts in this area, the research has not matched advancements in the general emotion regulation literature, which have proposed more holistic models to understanding to how individuals identify and respond to emotions. In looking at emotion regulation in PTSD, this paper reviews the current state of the literature using the Extended Process Model proposed by Gross (2015). Considering emotion perception, beliefs, emotion regulation strategies (in terms of choice, flexibility of use, and repertoire of strategies available), and tactics, it discusses how these constructs help us understand the pathogenesis of PTSD and identifies areas in need of further research, including assessing the role of culture and improving measurement of emotion regulation constructs. Clinical implications of the emotion regulation literature for PTSD treatment are discussed.

Depression is a common issue among illicit drug users. However, the interaction between addiction memory, family functioning, and depressive symptoms remains insufficiently examined. This study investigates the relationship between addiction memory, family functioning, and depressive symptoms, with self-esteem serving as a mediator. A random sample of 600 illicit drug users from Hubei, China, was evaluated using the Addiction Memory Intensity Scale (AMIS), Family APGAR Index, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). A factorial algorithm was used to parcel the AMIS, PHQ-9, and RSES items, and structural equation modeling was applied to examine the mediation effect. The model fit the data well (χ2/df = 2.248, CFI = 0.956, NNFI = 0.966, RMSEA = 0.046, SRMR = 0.040), with significant path coefficients (p < 0.05). Addiction memory was positively correlated with depression (β = 0.195, p < 0.001), while family functioning negatively correlated with depression (β = -0.113, p = 0.008). Both addiction memory and family functioning indirectly influenced depression through self-esteem, with mediating effects equal to 1.154 (95% CI: 0.106 to 0.209) and -0.097 (95% CI: -0.154 to -0.047). These findings suggest that interventions targeting addiction memory and family functioning may alleviate depressive symptoms by improving self-esteem among illicit drug users.

Attentional bias, defined as the disproportionate attentional allocation towards drug-related stimuli, is well-demonstrated in substance use disorders. However, studies investigating attentional bias in tobacco use disorder have revealed inconclusive findings. In recent years, eye-tracking technology has emerged as an innovative technique for exploring attentional bias. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of eye-tracking studies examining attentional bias in tobacco use disorder.

Using PRISMA guidelines, 18 papers that assessed attentional bias using eye-tracking technology among people who smoke cigarettes were extracted from the following databases: PsychINFO, MEDLINE, and EMBASE. Search terms included "attentional bias", "tobacco use disorder", and "eye tracking" and their respective subject headings and synonyms. Selected papers were assessed for methodological quality using a standardized procedure. Selected studies reviewed were categorized into studies making comparisons between 1) people who smoke and people who do not smoke and 2) between smoking-related cues and neutral cues among people who smoke.

Overall, most studies showed that people who smoke had significantly greater attentional bias to smoking-related cues, as indexed by greater dwell times and fixation counts. Although findings using measures of early orienting biases were mixed, people who smoke displayed a tendency to initially shift attention to smoking-related cues more frequently than neutral cues.

While methodological inconsistencies across studies preclude any definitive conclusions, findings suggest that maintained attention may be a more precise reflection of the specific attentional processes influenced by incentive salience. Suggestions for future research include establishing methodological standards for future eye-tracking studies.

Individuals with substance misuse and substance use disorder (SUD) experience especially high rates of elevated anxiety, including anxiety disorders, and the co-occurrence of these conditions is related to worse treatment outcomes. Given that these patients may have little motivation to change their substance misuse if they use substances to cope with their chronically elevated anxiety, interventions that include components that target motivation may be especially useful. Thus, this paper reviews the recent extant literature on treatments developed specifically for these high-risk patients that include motivational interviewing (MI) techniques to increase motivation for behavioral change. Results indicate that two modalities have been tested - in-person therapies and online interventions. The majority use MI techniques to change substance use and some to change anxiety-related behaviors. The majority also incorporate cognitive-behavioral skills to manage substance use and anxiety. Data indicate that MI techniques can be administered in-person and online to decrease substance misuse and anxiety among patients with elevated anxiety and substance misuse.

We review prevalence, etiology, impact on treatment, and best practices for treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a substance use disorder (SUD) treatment setting. Recommendations are given related to screening, assessment, and symptom monitoring.

PTSD and SUDs are highly comorbid. This comorbidity is associated with higher acuity, more difficulty completing treatment, and worse prognosis. Integrated treatment is recommended, and trauma-focused psychotherapies combined with pharmacotherapy show particular promise. PTSD is highly prevalent in substance using samples, negatively impacting treatment course and worsening prognosis. This comorbidity has been explained by a variety of models, with self-medication having garnered the most support. Trauma-focused psychotherapies combined with pharmacotherapy demonstrate the most efficacy and are recommended when treating co-occurring SUDs and PTSD. Specifically, prolonged exposure (PE), concurrent treatment of PTSD and SUDs using PE (COPE), and cognitive processing therapy (CPT) have been seen as promising trauma-focused treatments. Investigations into ways to best augment therapy are also underway, both through treatment format and neuromodulation. Several recommendations are given.

Internet gaming addiction (IGA), depression, and anxiety are significant issues among children and adolescents, with substantial social implications. Understanding the specific characteristics of this relationship is crucial for developing effective prevention and intervention strategies. The present study employed network analysis to explore the symptom network of IGA, depression, and anxiety among 1,548 Chinese children and adolescents. The results showed that the core symptoms of IGA among children and adolescents were "tolerance", "withdrawal", and "conflict". There was no significant gender difference in the structure, global strength, and core symptoms of IGA. Although there were no significant differences in the structure of the symptom network of IGA among children and adolescents of different ages, there were significant differences in global strength and some core symptoms ("conflict"). The core symptoms of the comorbidity of IGA, depression, and anxiety in children and adolescents included "feeling downhearted and blue", "breathing difficulty", "difficult to work up the initiative to do things", and "withdrawal". The comorbidity network did not show significant gender and age differences in network structure, but there were significant gender differences in global strength. Furthermore, there were significant gender and age differences in some core symptoms. The social impact of these findings is profound, highlighting the need for targeted interventions in schools and communities to address IGA and its comorbidities. Our results also suggest that interventions should be tailored to consider gender and age differences to maximize effectiveness.

Although previous studies have highlighted the detrimental impact of sexism on other substance use and use-related outcomes among women, limited empirical attention has tested whether sexism is related to worse cannabis-related outcomes. It may be that women use cannabis to cope with negative affect related to experiencing sexism, and thus continue to use despite cannabis-related problems. However, no known studies have tested this hypothesis.

We tested whether experiencing sexism was related to more cannabis use-related problems via the serial effects of negative affect (anxiety, depression) and coping-motivated cannabis use among 304 women who endorsed current (past three-month) cannabis use.

Sexism was significantly positively related to coping-motivated-cannabis use and use-related problems. Sexism was indirectly related to cannabis problems via the serial effects of anxiety and coping motives and via the serial effects of depression and coping motives, but not via the indirect effects of anxiety, depression, or coping motives alone.

Findings suggest that women may use cannabis to cope with sexism-related negative affect, and thus continue to use despite experiencing greater cannabis problems. These results may have important clinical implications and emphasize the need for greater gender-responsive approaches in prevention and intervention efforts for women who use cannabis.

Addiction is commonly characterized by escalation of drug intake, compulsive drug seeking, and continued use despite harmful consequences. However, the factors contributing to the transition from moderate drug use to these problematic patterns remain unclear, particularly regarding the role of sex. Many preclinical studies have been limited by small sample sizes, low genetic diversity, and restricted drug access, making it challenging to model significant levels of intoxication or dependence and translate findings to humans. To address these limitations, we characterized addiction-like behaviors in a large sample of >500 outbred heterogeneous stock (HS) rats using an extended cocaine self-administration paradigm (6 hr/daily). We analyzed individual differences in escalation of intake, progressive ratio (PR) responding, continued use despite adverse consequences (contingent foot shocks), and irritability-like behavior during withdrawal. Principal component analysis showed that escalation of intake, progressive ratio responding, and continued use despite adverse consequences loaded onto a single factor that was distinct from irritability-like behaviors. Categorizing rats into resilient, mild, moderate, and severe addiction-like phenotypes showed that females exhibited higher addiction-like behaviors, with a lower proportion of resilient individuals compared to males. These findings suggest that, in genetically diverse rats with extended drug access, escalation of intake, continued use despite adverse consequences, and PR responding are highly correlated measures of a shared underlying construct. Furthermore, our results highlight sex differences in resilience to addiction-like behaviors.

Negative emotions can cause people to make irrational decisions, and decision-making disorders may lead individuals who use methamphetamine (meth) to relapse. Therefore, the current study was performed to investigate whether emotion regulation (ER) can improve negative emotions and thus improve decision-making behavior of individuals who use meth.

Based on the Iowa Gambling Task, a three-factor mixed experimental design was used to examine the effects of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression strategies on negative emotions and decision-making behaviors of 157 individuals who use meth.

Cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression were effective in reducing participants' negative emotions and improving decision-making behaviors. Specifically, two types of ER strategies were effective in improving decision-making abilities of participants with negative emotional distress, and cognitive reappraisal was more effective than expressive suppression.

Regarding cognitive reappraisal, female participants showed better decision-making behavior than males, which predicts that females who use meth might be more adept at using cognitive reappraisal. This finding suggests that mental health providers should aid substance users in managing their negative emotions and also pay attention to gender differences during the nursing process. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 62(11), 27-34.].

Problematic video game use is a source of concern. In addictions, difficulties with emotional regulation have become an important variable of interest. However, their study in relation to problematic video game use remains insufficient.

A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines; 322 studies were screened, resulting in a final sample of k = 18 studies. The methodological quality of these studies was rated as moderate according to the McMaster Critical Review Form for Quantitative studies (CRF-Q).

There is evidence of relationship between different facets of emotional regulation and the presence of problematic video game use. Particularly, video games serve as escape strategy for suppressing emotional expression. There is no consensus regarding the nature of the relationship between emotional regulation, psychopathology, and problematic video game use, with various proposals suggesting moderation and mediation. There is also no consensus regarding the mediation of gender in the relationship between emotional dysregulation and problematic video game use. The level of certainty regarding the validity of the results was moderate.

Emotional dysregulation plays a role in problematic video game use, especially through strategies as emotional suppression, and lack of abilities to understand and control emotions. It is important to consider emotional regulation as a potential target for research and intervention in clinical populations.

We review the largest sample of papers on problem gaming and emotion regulation to date. Our results highlight the importance of emotion regulation and, specially, emotional suppression, or negative escapism, on problematic video game use.

Nearly 2 million U.S. veterans live with co-occurring alcohol use disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder (AUD/PTSD). Extant AUD/PTSD treatments emphasize symptom reduction, sometimes overlooking psychosocial functioning improvements, and have dropout rates as high as 50 %. Additionally, current approaches to measuring psychosocial functioning are limited to self-report. This study protocol describes a 1:1 parallel, two-arm, pilot randomized controlled trial comparing Behavioral Activation (BA) psychotherapy to Relapse Prevention (RP) psychotherapy for veterans with AUD/PTSD.

Forty-six veterans with AUD/PTSD will be block-randomized to eight weekly, virtual, hour-long individual sessions of BA or RP. Clinical interview, self-report, and geospatial assessments will be administered at pre- and post-treatment. Select outcome and exploratory measures will be administered during treatment. Analyses will focus on trial feasibility, BA acceptability, and preliminary efficacy. Geospatial analyses will explore whether pre- to post-treatment changes in geospatial movement can be used to objectively measure treatment response. The study site and an independent Data and Safety Monitoring Board will monitor trial progress, safety, and quality. De-identified data from consenting participants will be submitted to a sponsor-designated data repository.

If successful, this trial could help to provide veterans with AUD/PTSD with a more acceptable treatment option. Positive findings would also lay groundwork for testing BA in civilians with AUD/PTSD. Finally, by incorporating novel geospatial methods and technologies, this study could potentially yield a new approach to objectively measuring AUD/PTSD recovery that could be used in other clinical trials. This study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06249386).

Difficulties with emotion regulation and distress tolerance are related to more cannabis problems, yet little research has identified why this is the case. Cannabis-related protective behavioral strategies (PBS; behaviors used to mitigate cannabis related problems) are related to less cannabis consumption and related problems. Potentially, these individuals may use cannabis to alleviate the distress and/or in an attempt to regulate their emotions. Thus, the present study aimed to examine the mediational role of PBS on the relations of emotion dysregulation and distress intolerance with cannabis problems.

Undergraduate students who endorsed past-month cannabis use (N = 339, Mage = 19.33, SDage = 1.37; 77.9 % female) at a southern United States university completed a survey online via Qualtrics.

More emotion dysregulation and less distress tolerance predicted less PBS use and more cannabis problems, but not cannabis use frequency. After statistically controlling for sex, the relation of each transdiagnostic factor with cannabis problems occurred indirectly via the relations of less PBS use and greater cannabis use frequency CONCLUSIONS: The present study supports previous claims that emotion dysregulation and distress intolerance are related to more cannabis problems. Additionally, results suggest that individuals with high levels of these problems underutilize PBS which, in turn, is associated with more frequent cannabis use and use-related problems. Clinical implications are discussed.

Using the metacognitive model of emotion dysregulation as a basis, this study explored whether, among participants with substance use disorders (SUDs), metacognitive beliefs and repetitive negative thinking were associated with emotion dysregulation.

127 participants with SUDs and 127 controls without SUDs were recruited. Emotion dysregulation, metacognitive beliefs, rumination, worry, anxiety, and depression were assessed. t-tests, Mann-Whitney tests, logistic regression, correlation, and hierarchal regression analyses were run.

Participants with SUDs reported significantly higher levels of emotion dysregulation, positive beliefs about worry, beliefs about the need to control thoughts, rumination, and worry, compared to controls without SUDs. Among participants with SUDs negative beliefs about thoughts concerning uncontrollability and danger, cognitive confidence, beliefs about the need to control thoughts, rumination, and worry were significantly associated with an increase of emotion dysregulation.

The cross-sectional design.

Emotion dysregulation, metacognitive beliefs, and repetitive negative thinking may contribute to increase the risk of substance use. Among participants with SUDs emotion dysregulation is associated with the tendency to endorse dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs and report repetitive negative thinking. Metacognitive beliefs and repetitive negative thinking could be a suitable therapeutic target to reduce emotion dysregulation among participants with SUDs.