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van Meer F, van der Laan LN, Eiben G, Lissner L, Wolters M, Rach S, Herrmann M, Erhard P, Molnar D, Orsi G, Adan RAH, Smeets PAM, I.Family Consortium. Age and body mass index are associated with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation in response to unhealthy food cues. Appetite 2025; 213:108138. [PMID: 40403362 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2025.108138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2025] [Accepted: 05/14/2025] [Indexed: 05/24/2025]
Abstract
Unhealthy food cues are omnipresent and promote overconsumption. Although childhood obesity rates are increasing, there is no strict regulation of the marketing of unhealthy foods towards children. This is problematic since the human brain, especially areas important for cognitive control, continues to develop into the 30s. It is not known in how far the brain response to unhealthy food cues varies with body mass index (BMI) and age. To investigate this, 168 children (10-17 y) and 182 adults (30-67 y) from the European IDEFICS cohort were scanned with the use of fMRI while viewing pictures of healthy and unhealthy foods. Children exhibited lower activation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) compared to adults when exposed to unhealthy food cues. Across all age groups, individuals with higher BMI demonstrated reduced activation in the middle cingulum in response to unhealthy food stimuli. Lastly, the relation between BMI and brain activation in response to unhealthy compared with healthy food stimuli varied with development: in children, higher BMI was correlated with decreased activation in right anterior insula and right dlPFC, whereas no such relationship was observed in adults. These findings suggest that children with higher BMI may be particularly vulnerable to unhealthy food cues. In this light, the lack of regulation regarding unhealthy food marketing targeted at children is concerning, especially considering the global increase in obesity rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floor van Meer
- Image Sciences Institute, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Laura N van der Laan
- Image Sciences Institute, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Tilburg University, Department of Communication and Cognition, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Gabriele Eiben
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Lauren Lissner
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maike Wolters
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Stefan Rach
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Manfred Herrmann
- Department of Neuropsychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Peter Erhard
- Department of Neuropsychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Denes Molnar
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gergely Orsi
- HUN-REN-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Roger A H Adan
- Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Paul A M Smeets
- Image Sciences Institute, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Zhang JJ, Wang EN. Positive and negative risk-taking behaviors in adolescents: Distinct characteristics, interrelationships, and influencing factors. World J Psychiatry 2025; 15:106944. [DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i6.106944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2025] [Revised: 03/28/2025] [Accepted: 05/06/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a crucial period marked by significant developmental changes, during which risk-taking behaviors can be both a normative part of development and a potential source of concern. However, prior research has focused predominantly on the adverse aspects of risk-taking (i.e., negative risk-taking), overlooked the positive counterpart (i.e., positive risk-taking), and lacked a detailed examination of both. This study aims to elucidate the distinct characteristics and interrelationships of positive and negative risk-taking behaviors among adolescents and to identify the key factors that influence these behaviors. Through a comprehensive synthesis of theoretical and empirical literature, we explore the multifaceted nature of risk-taking, highlighting its complex influencing factors, including individual traits, family dynamics, peer influence, school environment, and broader community contexts. By identifying the shared and unique factors contributing to positive and negative risk-taking behaviors, we can enable adolescents to navigate this complex stage of life and design targeted interventions. Future research directions include the application of person-centered approaches, the implementation of longitudinal tracking and the interactive effects of influencing factors, among other aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Zhang
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu Province, China
| | - En-Na Wang
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu Province, China
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Loades ME. Recognizing continued development beyond the adolescent years: Clinical child psychology and psychiatry spans early adulthood. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2025:13591045251346290. [PMID: 40403148 DOI: 10.1177/13591045251346290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2025]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elizabeth Loades
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, UK
- University of Bath Mental Health Research Group (MHRG), UK
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Liu Y, Zou Q, Xie Y, Dou K. Exploring Shared and Unique Predictors of Positive and Negative Risk-Taking Behaviors Among Chinese Adolescents Through Machine-Learning Approaches: Discovering Gender and Age Variations. J Youth Adolesc 2025; 54:1109-1127. [PMID: 39661230 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-02120-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2024] [Accepted: 12/02/2024] [Indexed: 12/12/2024]
Abstract
Despite extensive research on the impact of individual and environmental factors on negative risk-taking behaviors, the understanding of these factors' influence on positive risk-taking, and how it compares to negative risk taking, remains limited. This research employed machine-learning techniques to identify shared and unique predictors across individual, family, and peer domains. Participants (N = 1012; 44% girls; Mage = 14.60 years, SD = 1.16 years) were drawn from three public middle schools in a large city in southern China (with 49.2% in grade 7 and 50.8% in grade 11). The findings indicate that positive risk-taking is significantly associated with general risk propensity, self-control, and negative parenting by father, while negative risk-taking is correlated with self-control, deviant peer affiliations, and peer victimization. Paternal negative parenting triggered positive risk-taking in boys, whereas self-control had a greater impact on girls. For negative risk-taking, boys were more affected by peer victimization, while girls were more influenced by deviant peer affiliations. This study further demonstrates that as progress from junior to senior high school, peer influence grows more significant in predicting positive risk taking; deviant peer affiliations exert a persistent pivotal influence, future positive time perspective replaces life satisfaction, and paternal negative parenting becomes increasingly impactful in predicting negative risk taking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Sociology, School of Public Administration, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qifan Zou
- Department of Sociology, School of Public Administration, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Department of Sociology, School of Public Administration, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Kai Dou
- Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China.
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Alexander JD, Duffy KA, Freis SM, Chow SM, Friedman NP, Vrieze SI. Investigating the Magnitude and Persistence of COVID-19-Related Impacts on Affect and GPS-Derived Daily Mobility Patterns in Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood: Insights From a Smartphone-Based Intensive Longitudinal Study of Colorado-Based Youths From June 2016 to April 2022. J Med Internet Res 2025; 27:e64965. [PMID: 40096681 PMCID: PMC11959197 DOI: 10.2196/64965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2025] [Accepted: 02/05/2025] [Indexed: 03/19/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020 introduced unprecedented disruptions impacting the emotional well-being and daily routines of US youths. However, the patterns and persistence of these impacts over the pandemic's multiyear course remain less well understood. OBJECTIVE This study examined longitudinal changes in affect and daily mobility patterns observed in adolescence and young adulthood from June 2016 to April 2022. The study aimed to quantify changes in youths' mood and daily routines following the pandemic's onset and in response to local COVID-19 case rates as well as the persistence of these effects over the pandemic's multiyear course. METHODS Colorado-based adolescent and young adult twins (N=887; n=479, 54% female; meanage 19.2, SDage 1.5 years on January 01, 2020) participating in the CoTwins study between June 2016 and April 2022 were followed via a smartphone app, which recorded persistent GPS location data and, beginning in February 2019, administered an abbreviated Positive and Negative Affect Schedule every 2 weeks. Nonlinear trajectories in affect and daily mobility over time and in response to local COVID-19 counts were modeled via generalized additive mixed models, while the magnitude and persistence of pandemic-related changes were quantified via linear mixed effects regressions. RESULTS Between January and April 2020, participants experienced a 28.6% decline in daily locations visited (from 3.5 to 2.5; SD 0.9) and a 60% reduction in daily travel distance (from 20.0 to 8.0 km; SD 9.4). Mean positive affect similarly declined by 0.3 SD (from 3.0 to 2.79; SD 0.6), while, correspondingly, mean negative affect increased by 0.3 SD (from 1.85 to 2.10; SD 0.6). Though mobility levels partially recovered beginning in the summer of 2020, daily locations visited remained slightly below 2019 levels through the study's conclusion in April 2022 (standardized β=-0.10; P<.001). Average positive affect similarly remained slightly below (standardized β=-0.20; P<.001) and negative affect slightly above (standardized β=0.14; P=.04) 2019 levels through April 2022. Weekly county-level COVID-19 transmission rates were negatively associated with mobility and positive affect and positively with negative affect, though these effects were greatly weakened later in the pandemic (eg, early 2022) or when transmission rates were high (eg, >200 new cases per 100,000 people per week). CONCLUSIONS Findings demonstrate large initial declines in daily mobility, a moderate decline in positive affect, and a moderate increase in negative affect following the pandemic's onset in 2020. Though most effects attenuated over time, affect and mobility levels had not recovered to prepandemic levels by April 2022. Findings support theories of hedonic adaptation and resiliency while also identifying lingering emotional and behavioral consequences. The study highlights both youth's resiliency in adapting to major stressors while also underscoring the need for continued support for youth mental health and psychosocial functioning in the pandemic's aftermath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan D Alexander
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Kelly A Duffy
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Samantha M Freis
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Sy-Miin Chow
- College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Naomi P Friedman
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Scott I Vrieze
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Shen X, Zhou X, Guo Y, Wang JL. Associations of Early-Life Deprivation and Threat with Exploratory Behavior: Moderated Mediation Models of Sensation Seeking and Executive Function. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2025; 40:1063-1089. [PMID: 38842249 DOI: 10.1177/08862605241257946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Exploratory behavior, as a crucial aspect of decision-making, plays an indispensable role in maximizing long-term benefits and is, therefore, essential in promoting adolescents' psychological well-being and social adaptation. Recent studies have shown that this adaptive behavior is influenced by previous early experiences. However, little was known about the associations between specific types of childhood maltreatment and exploratory behavior and the roles of individual motivational and cognitive factors in these relationships. The present study aimed to examine whether the subtypes of maltreatment, that is, threat and deprivation, would influence adolescents' exploratory behavior, the mediating role of sensation seeking, and the moderating role of executive function. Using a sample of 720 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 13.29, SDage = 0.82, 54.8% female), we found that sensation seeking fully mediated the relationship between threat and exploratory behavior. That is, adolescents who experienced threat were more likely to increase sensation seeking, which further promote exploratory activities. Moreover, executive function was a second-stage moderator of this full mediation pathway, with the mediating effect of sensation seeking between threat and exploratory behavior increasing with the enhancement of executive function. However, we did not observe the mediating effect of sensation seeking and the second-stage moderating effect of executive function on the relationship between deprivation and exploration. Considering the distinct impact mechanisms of threat and deprivation on exploratory behavior, our study provides empirical support for the Dimensional Model of Adversity and Psychopathology, and highlights the critical role of sensation seeking and the necessity of implementing executive function interventions for those experiencing threat experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Shen
- Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinqi Zhou
- Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
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Peng M, Shi Y, Tang R, Yang X, Yang H, Cai M, Gu R, Li X. Good luck or bad luck? The influence of social comparison on risk-taking decision and the underlying neural mechanism. Psychophysiology 2025; 62:e14730. [PMID: 39551950 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Revised: 10/28/2024] [Accepted: 11/02/2024] [Indexed: 11/19/2024]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the impact of social comparison on risk-taking behaviors and the neural underpinnings within a competitive context. Participants who thought they were playing against a stranger in a gambling task were actually playing against a programmed computer. Eighty-eight college students were assigned to one of three comparison conditions (downward, upward, and parallel) by varying the probability of gain. Behavioral results showed that disadvantage led to increased risk-taking. Event-related potential data analyses showed, in the parallel comparison condition, a significantly larger Feedback-Related Negativity (FRN) was induced by the self's safe decision than the risky decision and by loss rather than gain. However, in the upward and downward comparison conditions, larger FRN emerged solely in response to the loss of risky rather than safe decisions. On the P3 component, participants in the upward comparison condition showed no significant difference in response to their gain or loss, while the other two conditions did. The highest P3 amplitude, delta/theta power, and aperiodic activity were found in the closely matched condition. Finally, in the downward comparison condition, a stronger delta/theta power was correlated with a less risky decision. Overall, the findings indicate that parity heightens emotional arousal and engages more cognitive resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Peng
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal Univeristy, Wuhan, China
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal Univeristy, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal Univeristy, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal Univeristy, Wuhan, China
| | - Huicong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal Univeristy, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengfei Cai
- Department of Psychology, Manhattanville University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ruolei Gu
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Li
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal Univeristy, Wuhan, China
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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Wang LX, Li JB, Liu ZH, Zeng J, Dou K. The Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on the Development of Adolescent Risk-Taking: The Mediating Effect of Self-Control and Moderating Effect of Genetic Variations. J Youth Adolesc 2025:10.1007/s10964-025-02136-5. [PMID: 39825987 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-025-02136-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2025] [Indexed: 01/20/2025]
Abstract
Risk-taking is a concerning yet prevalent issue during adolescence and can be life-threatening. Examining its etiological sources and evolving pathways helps inform strategies to mitigate adolescents' risk-taking behavior. Studies have found that unfavorable environmental factors, such as adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), are associated with momentary levels of risk-taking in adolescents, but little is known about whether ACEs shape the developmental trajectory of risk-taking. Even less research has investigated the underlying mechanisms. Drawing on the self-regulation theory, this study examined the associations between ACEs and the developmental trajectory of adolescent risk-taking. Moreover, it also explored self-control as a mediator and genetic variations as a moderator from a "gene × environment" approach. Participants were 564 Chinese adolescents (48.40% males, Mage = 14.20 years, SD = 1.52). Adolescents reported their ACEs and self-control at T1 and risk-taking three times, with a six-month interval between each time point. Adolescents' saliva was collected at T1 for genetic extraction, and polygenetic index was created based on the gene-by-environment interaction between SNPs and ACEs for self-control via the leave-one-out machine learning approach. Findings of latent growth modeling revealed that adolescents' risk-taking decreased over time. ACEs were directly and indirectly through self-control associated with high initial levels of, and a rapid decrease in, risk-taking, especially for those with a higher polygenetic index compared to those with a lower polygenetic index. Theoretically, these results suggest a tripartite model of adolescent risk-taking, such that risk-taking is the combined function of adverse experiences in early years, low self-control, and carriage of sensitive genes. Practically, intervention strategies should reduce childhood adversities, build up self-control, and consider the potential impacts of genetic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Xin Wang
- Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Bin Li
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R, China
| | - Zi-Hao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Zeng
- Foshan Public Security Bureau Shunde Branch, Foshan, China
| | - Kai Dou
- Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China.
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Allen JP. Rethinking peer influence and risk taking: A strengths-based approach to adolescence in a new era. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:2244-2255. [PMID: 38752571 PMCID: PMC11568074 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2024]
Abstract
The ways that psychopathology manifests in adolescence have shifted dramatically over the past twenty-five years, with rates of many externalizing behaviors declining substantially while rates of anxiety and depressive disorders have skyrocketed. This paper argues that understanding these changes requires rethinking the field's historically somewhat negative views of intense peer connections, peer influences, and adolescent risk-taking behavior. It is argued that intense peer connections are critical to development, and that peer influence and risk taking have important, often overlooked, adaptive components. The shift in observed manifestations of adolescent psychopathology over this period can be viewed at least partly in terms of a shift away from strong peer connections and toward greater risk aversion. Implications for research and intervention based on a focus on the adaptive aspects of peer influences and risk taking are discussed.
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Wang Y, Luo Y, Chen H. Sex difference in the relationship between environmental unpredictability and depressive symptom in Chinese adolescents: The chain mediating role of sense of control and fast life history strategies. J Affect Disord 2024; 364:178-187. [PMID: 39142584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents are at a high risk of depressive symptom. A substantial body of literature indicates that early environmental unpredictability (EU) significantly affects the likelihood of developing depressive symptom. However, only a few studies have focused on the mediating mechanisms underlying this relationship. Based on life history (LH) theory and the adaptive calibration model, this study constructed a chain-mediating model to examine whether the association between EU and depressive symptom among Chinese adolescents is mediated by sense of control and fast life history strategies. METHODS In total, 1838 Chinese adolescents (47.8 % women, mean age = 13.17 ± 0.99 years) participated in this study and responded to self-report measures of EU, fast LH strategies, sense of control, and depressive symptom. RESULTS (1) There were significant correlations between EU, sense of control, fast LH strategies, and depressive symptom. (2) After controlling for the effects of sex, age and socioeconomic status, EU still had a significant positive effect on depressive symptom. (3) Adolescent depressive symptom was partly influenced by EU through three different pathways: the mediating role of sense of control, the mediating role of fast LH strategies, and the chain-mediating role of both sense of control and fast LH strategies. (4) There are significant gender differences in the above chain mediation models. LIMITATIONS The analysis is cross-sectional, which limits causal inference. CONCLUSIONS These findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of risk factors for adolescent depressive symptom. The chain-mediating effect of a sense of control and fast LH strategies plays an important role in the occurrence of depressive symptom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwansu Wang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; China Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Chongqing 400715, China; Southwest University Children and Adolescents Mental Health Collaborative Innovation Team, China
| | - Yijun Luo
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; China Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Chongqing 400715, China; Southwest University Children and Adolescents Mental Health Collaborative Innovation Team, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; China Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Chongqing 400715, China; Southwest University Children and Adolescents Mental Health Collaborative Innovation Team, China.
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Benzekri A, Morris-Perez P. How do adolescents consider life and death? A cognition-to-action framework for suicide prevention. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-18. [PMID: 39363698 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424001160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Rising rates of suicide fatality, attempts, and ideations among adolescents aged 10-19 over the past two decades represent a national public health priority. Theories that seek to understand suicidal ideation overwhelmingly focus on the transition from ideation to attempt and on a sole cognition: active suicidal ideation - the serious consideration of killing one's self, with less attention to non-suicidal cognitions that emerge during adolescence that may have implications for suicidal behavior. A large body of research exists that characterizes adolescence not only as a period of heightened onset and prevalence of active suicidal ideation and the desire to no longer be alive (i.e., passive suicidal ideation), but also for non-suicidal cognitions about life and death. Our review synthesizes extant literature in the content, timing and mental imagery of thoughts adolescents have about their (1) life; and (2) mortality that may co-occur with active and passive suicidal ideation that have received limited attention in adolescent suicidology. Our "cognition-to-action framework for adolescent suicide prevention" builds on existing ideation-to-action theories to identify life and non-suicidal mortality cognitions during adolescence that represent potential leverage points for the prevention of attempted suicide and premature death during this period and across the life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Benzekri
- Department of Applied Psychology, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pamela Morris-Perez
- Department of Applied Psychology, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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Queiroz A, Sarno E, Mustanski B. Effects of Substance Use on Condomless Anal Sex in a Large Sample of Adolescent Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Within and Between Relationship Design. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2024; 53:3583-3593. [PMID: 39160412 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-024-02924-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Substance use is a significant risk factor for HIV infection among adolescent men who have sex with men (AMSM). Substance use may reduce the use of HIV prevention measures or increase the likelihood of engaging in activities with a higher risk of HIV transmission, but there is a lack of studies dedicated to analyzing these mechanisms in adolescents and young MSM. This study aimed to explore the impact of substance use on condomless anal sex (CAS) in a large, racially diverse sample of AMSM. Additionally, we investigated how an individual's general level of substance use moderated the association between substance use before sex and CAS at the partnership level. Baseline data for an HIV prevention intervention were collected through online surveys from April 2018 to June 2020. The sample consisted of 1624 AMSM (M age, 16.69 years) who reported at least one sexual partner in the previous 3 months. Participants provided information about their three most recent sexual partners, including their relationship to the partner, PrEP use, frequency of alcohol, marijuana, and non-prescription drug use before sex, and the number of CAS acts. Participants also completed measures of their substance use frequency. Multilevel modeling in Mplus was used for data analysis, accounting for sexual partnerships nested within participants. All models controlled for PrEP use and relationship status. Results revealed a significant positive association between the frequency of non-prescription drug use before sex and CAS at the partnership level. This indicates that higher non-prescription drug use frequency before sex was associated with a greater number of CAS acts with partners. Moreover, the cross-level interaction between alcohol frequency and non-prescription drug use before sex was statistically significant. Specifically, for participants with high alcohol frequency scores, there was a significant positive association between non-prescription drug use before sex and CAS at the partnership level. AMSM with higher average alcohol consumption were more likely to engage in CAS when using non-prescription drugs prior to sex with a partner, compared to those with lower alcohol consumption. This study's use of multilevel data analysis contributes innovatively to the field by shedding light on how substance use operates within sexual relationships and different partnership dynamics. Tailored interventions targeting substance use should be developed to reduce HIV risk among AMSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Queiroz
- College of Nursing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Elissa Sarno
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Northwestern University, 625 N Michigan Ave., 14 Floor, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Brian Mustanski
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Northwestern University, 625 N Michigan Ave., 14 Floor, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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13
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Shen X, Zhou X, Yin XQ, McDonnell D, Wang JL. Facing uncertainties: The longitudinal relationship between childhood maltreatment and exploratory behavior. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 151:106714. [PMID: 38423841 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exploratory behavior, as an essential component of decision-making, is indispensable for maximizing long-term benefits, making it a crucial factor in adolescents' psychological well-being and social adaptation. Despite the established understanding that this adaptive behavior is shaped by early adverse experiences, limited knowledge exists regarding the longitudinal relationship between childhood maltreatment and exploratory behavior. OBJECTIVE The present study examines whether childhood maltreatment would impede subsequent exploratory behavior, considering the mediating role of uncertainty stress and the moderating role of intolerance of uncertainty. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Participants were 655 adolescents from a longitudinal design with two waves spanning six months (Mage = 15.99, SDage = 0.92, 43.5 % female). METHODS Correlation analysis and longitudinal moderated mediation effect testing were used to test our hypotheses. RESULTS Correlation analysis indicated that childhood maltreatment was negatively correlated with exploratory behavior only simultaneously but not longitudinally. After controlling age and gender, childhood maltreatment would accompany higher levels of uncertainty stress, which in turn may act as a driving force behind subsequent exploratory behavior. The heightened intolerance of uncertainty may potentially mitigate the direct link between childhood maltreatment and later exploratory behavior. Furthermore, this trait amplifies the experienced uncertainty stress in individuals who have undergone maltreatment, thereby increasing their inclination toward engaging in subsequent exploratory behavior. CONCLUSIONS Given the critical role of uncertainty stress, promoting more exploration among these maltreated adolescents requires corresponding cognitive and behavioral interventions to adjust their perception and cognition of uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Shen
- Center for Mental Health Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinqi Zhou
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue-Qin Yin
- School of Literature and Journalism, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dean McDonnell
- Department of Humanities, South East Technological University, Carlow R93 V960, Ireland
| | - Jin-Liang Wang
- Center for Mental Health Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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14
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Yuan IH, Greenhawt M, Abrams EM, Kim EH, Mustafa SS, Iglesia EGA. Food allergies on a college campus. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2024; 132:579-584. [PMID: 38296046 PMCID: PMC11759065 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2024.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
There are limited data on food allergies among college students. In this article, we review the most current available studies. These self-reported surveys and qualitative interviews reported overall poor avoidance of known allergens and low rates of carrying self-injectable epinephrine among students with food allergy. College students may exhibit risk-taking food behaviors due to a number of factors, including age-appropriate risk-taking predilection, strong social influences, and lack of experience in self-advocacy. Having to disclose an otherwise invisible condition repeatedly in a new environment may also lead to "disclosure fatigue," creating an additional barrier to self-advocacy. Common themes in the narrative include hypervigilance, stigma management, and concern about others' misunderstanding of food allergy. Although there is a paucity of data in this area, it is likely that having greater support at the institution level, along with support from peers and faculty, may help improve awareness, self-injectable epinephrine carriage, and allergen avoidance. This review also discusses strategies for preparedness at school, including specific steps to maximize safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene H Yuan
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - Matthew Greenhawt
- Section of Allergy/Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Elissa M Abrams
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Edwin H Kim
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - S Shahzad Mustafa
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Rochester Regional Health, Rochester, New York; Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Edward G A Iglesia
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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15
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Leshem R, Mashal N. What does metaphoric language say about aggression? The relationships between metaphoric language, impulsivity, and aggression. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 243:104173. [PMID: 38320413 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Aggressive behavior among adolescents has been identified as a serious worldwide problem, especially when combined with trait impulsivity. This study investigates the impact of an overlooked aspect of language, namely, metaphor comprehension, on impulsivity and aggression in adolescents. A total of 204 adolescents completed self-reported questionnaires assessing impulsivity and aggression and underwent tests assessing familiar and less familiar metaphor comprehension. The findings reveal inverse relationships between metaphor comprehension and both impulsivity and aggression. Regarding aggression, notable distinctions were observed in the correlations between familiar and less familiar metaphors with specific aggression types. Additionally, impulsivity was found to mediate the relationship between the comprehension of familiar metaphors and aggression. These results are elucidated in the context of cognitive and executive functions, emphasizing the significance of considering metaphor comprehension as a cognitive process capable of modulating aggressive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotem Leshem
- Department of Criminology, Bar-Ilan University, Israel.
| | - Nira Mashal
- Faculty of Education and Gonda Multidisciplinary, Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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16
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Agudelo Rico D, Panesso Giraldo C, Arbeláez Caro JS, Cabrera Gutiérrez G, Isaac V, Escobar MJ, Herrera E. Moral Disengagement in Adolescent Offenders: Its Relationship with Antisocial Behavior and Its Presence in Offenders of the Law and School Norms. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:70. [PMID: 38255383 PMCID: PMC10814029 DOI: 10.3390/children11010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
This study focuses on understanding the relationship between moral disengagement mechanisms in adolescents who engage in law-breaking activities and those who violate school norms. To do so, we administered the Mechanisms of Moral Disengagement Scale (MMDS), which evaluates moral justification, euphemistic labeling, advantageous comparison, deflection of responsibility, diffusion of responsibility, distortion of consequences, dehumanization, and attribution of blame, to 366 adolescents (60.1% males (n = 220) and 39.9% females (n = 146)). Our results confirmed the hypothesis that law-breaking adolescents presented a higher degree of moral disengagement than those adolescents who violate school norms. Additionally, we found that adolescents who violated school norms displayed significantly higher levels of dehumanization than the controls, and law-breaking adolescents obtained the highest score in this domain. Our findings allow us to suggest that the presence of the dehumanization mechanism in adolescents who violate school norms could be used as an early indicator of the emergence of antisocial behaviors, since this was the only component of moral disengagement that significantly differentiated this group from the controls in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina Panesso Giraldo
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago 2580335, Chile; (C.P.G.); (V.I.)
| | | | - Germán Cabrera Gutiérrez
- Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y de la Educación, Corporación Universitaria Empresarial Alexander Von Humboldt, Armenia 63001, Colombia;
| | - Valeria Isaac
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago 2580335, Chile; (C.P.G.); (V.I.)
| | - María Josefina Escobar
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago 2580335, Chile; (C.P.G.); (V.I.)
| | - Eduar Herrera
- Universidad Icesi, Departamento de Estudios Psicológicos, Cali 760031, Colombia
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17
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Delgado MR, Fareri DS, Chang LJ. Characterizing the mechanisms of social connection. Neuron 2023; 111:3911-3925. [PMID: 37804834 PMCID: PMC10842352 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how individuals form and maintain strong social networks has emerged as a significant public health priority as a result of the increased focus on the epidemic of loneliness and the myriad protective benefits conferred by social connection. In this review, we highlight the psychological and neural mechanisms that enable us to connect with others, which in turn help buffer against the consequences of stress and isolation. Central to this process is the experience of rewards derived from positive social interactions, which encourage the sharing of perspectives and preferences that unite individuals. Sharing affective states with others helps us to align our understanding of the world with another's, thereby continuing to reinforce bonds and strengthen relationships. These psychological processes depend on neural systems supporting reward and social cognitive function. Lastly, we also consider limitations associated with pursuing healthy social connections and outline potential avenues of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio R Delgado
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
| | - Dominic S Fareri
- Gordon F. Derner School of Psychology, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY 11530, USA
| | - Luke J Chang
- Consortium for Interacting Minds, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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18
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Yang FN, Liu TT, Wang Z. Corticostriatal connectivity mediates the reciprocal relationship between parent-reported sleep duration and impulsivity in early adolescents. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023; 64:1545-1554. [PMID: 37248201 PMCID: PMC10592631 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence, a developmental period characterized by significant changes in sleep, is associated with normative increases in impulsivity. While short sleep duration has been linked to elevated impulsivity, the neural mechanism underlying the relationship between short sleep duration and elevated impulsivity remains poorly understood. METHODS We analyzed a dataset of 7,884 drug-naive 9-10 year-olds from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Among them, 5,166 have two-year follow-up neuroimaging data. Linear mixed-effects models, mediation analyses, and longitudinal mediation analyses were used to investigate the relationship between parent-reported sleep duration, impulsivity, and functional and structural connectivity between the cortex and the striatum. RESULTS We found that less sleep duration is significantly associated with higher positive and negative urgency, which are two affect-related components of impulsivity. In addition, we observed a link between short sleep duration and reduced corticostriatal connectivity. Neural pathways associated with short sleep duration-functional connectivity between the cingulo-opercular network and the left caudate, and between the cingulo-parietal network and the right pallidum-mediated the association between sleep duration and positive urgency both at baseline and two-year follow-up. Longitudinal mediation analyses further revealed that short sleep duration and elevated positive urgency exacerbated each other through these two corticostriatal connectivities. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the key role of corticostriatal connectivities in the reciprocal relationship between short sleep duration and elevated impulsivity. Given the increasing prevalence of short sleep duration in adolescents, the link between sleep duration, impulsivity, and corticostriatal connectivities has important implications for timely interventions to address impulsive problems in early adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Nils Yang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tina Tong Liu
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ze Wang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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19
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Lauharatanahirun N, Maciejewski DF, Kim-Spoon J, King-Casas B. Risk-related brain activation is linked to longitudinal changes in adolescent health risk behaviors. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 63:101291. [PMID: 37672817 PMCID: PMC10485595 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Middle adolescence is the period of development during which youth begin to engage in health risk behaviors such as delinquent behavior and substance use. A promising mechanism for guiding adolescents away from risky choices is the extent to which adolescents are sensitive to the likelihood of receiving valued outcomes. Few studies have examined longitudinal change in adolescent risky decision making and its neural correlates. To this end, the present longitudinal three-wave study (Nw1 = 157, Mw1= 13.50 years; Nw2 = 148, Mw2= 14.52 years; Nw3 = 143, Mw3= 15.55 years) investigated the ontogeny of mid-adolescent behavioral and neural risk sensitivity, and their baseline relations to longitudinal self-reported health risk behaviors. Results showed that adolescents became more sensitive to risk both in behavior and the brain during middle adolescence. Across three years, we observed lower risk-taking and greater risk-related activation in the bilateral insular cortex. When examining how baseline levels of risk sensitivity were related to longitudinal changes in real-life health risk behaviors, we found that Wave 1 insular activity was related to increases in self-reported health risk behaviors over the three years. This research highlights the normative maturation of risk-related processes at the behavioral and neural levels during mid-adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Lauharatanahirun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, USA; Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, USA.
| | - Dominique F Maciejewski
- Department of Developmental Psychopathology, Radboud University, Behavioural Science Institute, the Netherlands
| | | | - Brooks King-Casas
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, USA; Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, USA.
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20
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Tsai YH, Janssen TWP, Vu TV, Meeter M, van Atteveldt NM, Jansen BRJ, Magis-Weinberg L. Trajectories of early adolescents' perceptions of school motivation and effort during the pandemic in Perú: A four time point longitudinal observational study. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2023; 239:103984. [PMID: 37523830 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.103984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this longitudinal, observational study, following 883 adolescents (aged 11-15 years, grades 6th - 8th) we tracked changes in perceived school motivation and effort across four time points during the two years of remote education in Perú as a consequence of COVID-19 (retrospective reports before the pandemic, May 2020, July 2021, and November 2021). Compared to before the pandemic, levels of perceived school motivation and effort dropped sharply in May 2020 and continued to decrease across 2 years. Perceived school motivation was positively associated with perceived school effort at almost all time points. Furthermore, students with lower levels of perceived school motivation had a steeper decline in perceived school effort. In a subsample of 380 students in 8th grade, perceived school effort in July 2021 predicted objective math performance in November 2021. Our findings suggest that COVID-19 has further compounded decreases in subjective and objective indices of school engagement and performance that are typically observed in early adolescence. Our results from a large sample of low- to middle-class Peruvian adolescents highlight the experiences of youth in a country that had particularly long school closures, and that is under-represented in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Heng Tsai
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Tieme W P Janssen
- LEARN! Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Section Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tuong-Van Vu
- LEARN! Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Section Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Meeter
- LEARN! Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Educational and Family Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nienke M van Atteveldt
- LEARN! Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical, Neuro- & Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Brenda R J Jansen
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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21
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Castagna PJ, Waters AC, Crowley MJ. Computational Modeling of Self-Referential Processing Reveals Domain General Associations with Adolescent Anxiety Symptoms. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2023; 51:455-468. [PMID: 36580171 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-022-01012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
What an adolescent thinks about themselves, commonly termed self-referential processing, has significant implications for youth long-term psychological well-being. Self-referential processing plays an important role in anticipatory and reactive processing in social contexts and contributes to symptoms of social anxiety. Previous work examining self-referential processing largely focuses on child and adolescent depression, relying on endorsement and reaction time for positive and negative self-describing adjectives in a self-referential encoding task (SRET). Here, we employ computational methods to interrogate the latent processes underlying choice reaction times to evaluate the fit of several drift-diffusion models of youth SRET performance. A sample of 106 adolescent, aged 12-17 (53% male; Mage = 14.49, SD = 1.70) completed the SRET and self-report measures of anxiety and depression. Our results support the utility of modeling the SRET, where the rate of evidence accumulation (i.e., drift rate) during negative self-referential processing was related to social anxiety above-and-beyond mean task performance. Our regression analyses indicated that youth efficiency in processing of self-referential views was domain general to anxiety, highlighting the importance of assessing both social and physiological anxiety symptoms when predicting SRET performance. The computational modeling results revealed that self-referential views are not uniquely related to depression-related constructs but also facets of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Castagna
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Allison C Waters
- Nash Family Center for Advanced Circuit Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael J Crowley
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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22
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van Duijvenvoorde ACK, van Hoorn J, Blankenstein NE. Risks and rewards in adolescent decision-making. Curr Opin Psychol 2022; 48:101457. [PMID: 36088823 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent decision-making has been characterized as risky, and a heightened reward sensitivity may be one of the aspects contributing to riskier choice-behavior. Previous studies have targeted reward-sensitivity in adolescence and the neurobiological mechanisms of reward processing in the adolescent brain. In recent examples, researchers aim to disentangle the contributions of risk- and reward-sensitivity to adolescent risk-taking. Here, we discuss recent findings of adolescent's risk preferences and the associated neural mechanisms. We highlight potential frameworks that target individual differences in risk preferences in an effort to understand adolescent risk-taking, and with an ultimate goal of leveraging undesirable levels of risk taking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C K van Duijvenvoorde
- Leiden University, Dept of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Jorien van Hoorn
- Leiden University, Dept of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands; Levvel, Academic Center for Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Neeltje E Blankenstein
- Leiden University, Dept of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands
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23
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Risk-Taking Behavior Among Male Adolescents: The Role of Observer Presence and Individual Self-Control. J Youth Adolesc 2022; 51:2161-2172. [PMID: 35861907 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-022-01659-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A number of studies have focused on the same-sex peer effect on and the developmental difference in adolescent risk-taking in terms of the dual systems model. Little research, however, addresses the effects of different observers, the role of different levels of individual self-control, and their interactions. To fill this gap, the present study examined the main and interactive effects of observer presence and individual self-control on male adolescents' risk-taking behavior with an experimental design. A total of 261 male adolescents (Mage = 15.79 ± 0.79, range = 14-18) completed an adapted Stoplight Task, which measures risk-taking behavior, in the presence of an observer, either peer or adult, either male or female. The results indicated that a same-sex peer's presence and low self-control were both risk factors of male adolescents' risk-taking, but did only low self-control male adolescents take serious risks when in the presence of a same-sex peer whereas those with high self-control consistently had low levels of risk-taking under any condition. An opposite-sex observer, particularly an opposite-sex adult's presence, played a similar protective role for male adolescents with low self-control. The findings suggest that a high level of self-control closely related to the cognitive control system may significantly buffer the negative effect of an adverse social stimulus which activates the social-emotional system on male adolescents' risk-taking; the findings also reveal that an opposite-sex adult's presence may contribute to a decrease in male adolescents' risk-taking by improving their cognitive control system.
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24
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Al-Kaylani HM, Loeffler BT, Mott SL, Curry M, Phadke S, van der Plas E. Characterizing Early Changes in Quality of Life in Young Women With Breast Cancer. Front Psychol 2022; 13:871194. [PMID: 35645920 PMCID: PMC9132041 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.871194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Younger age at diagnosis is a risk factor for poor health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in long-term breast cancer survivors. However, few studies have specifically addressed HRQOL in young adults with breast cancer (i.e., diagnosed prior to age 40), nor have early changes in HRQOL been fully characterized. Methods Eligible female patients with breast cancer were identified through our local cancer center. To establish HRQOL, patients completed the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B) around diagnosis and 12 months later. Sociodemographic factors, genetic susceptibility to cancer, tumor- and treatment-related factors, and comorbidities (e.g., depression/anxiety) were abstracted from medical records and the local oncology registry. Mixed-effects models were used to identify changes in FACT-B scores during the first year of treatment and to determine whether any demographic/treatment-related factors modulated changes in scores. Results Health-related quality of life in young patients with breast cancer was within normal limits at baseline, with a FACT-B overall well-being score of 108.5 (95% confidence limits [CI] = 103.7, 113.3). Participants reported slight improvements over a 12-month period: FACT-B overall well-being scores increased 6.6 points (95% CI = 2.1, 11.1, p < 0.01), functional well-being improved 3.0 points (95% CI = 2.0, 4.1, p < 0.01), emotional well-being improved 1.9 points (95% CI = 0.9, 2.8, p < 0.01), and physical well-being improved 1.5 points (95% CI = 0.2, 2.8, p = 0.03), on average. Participants with anxiety/depression at baseline reported greater improvements in FACT-B overall well-being (change: 12.9, 95% CI = 6.4, 9.5) and functional well-being (change: 5.2, 95% CI = 3.5, 6.9) than participants who did not have anxiety/depression at baseline (change in FACT-B overall well-being: 4.9, 95% CI = 0.2, 9.7; change in functional well-being: 2.3, 95% CI = 1.1, 3.4). Marital status, reconstructive surgery, and baseline clinical staging were also significantly associated with changes in aspects of HRQOL, although their impact on change was relatively minimal. Conclusion Young women with breast cancer do not report HRQOL concerns during the first year of treatment. Improvements in HRQOL during the first year of treatment may be attributable to a sense of relief that the cancer is being treated, which, in the short run, may outweigh the negative late effects of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend M Al-Kaylani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Bradley T Loeffler
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Sarah L Mott
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Melissa Curry
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Sneha Phadke
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Ellen van der Plas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
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26
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Brusseau TA, Burns RD. Associations of Physical Activity, School Safety, and Non-Prescription Steroid Use in Adolescents: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:87. [PMID: 35010346 PMCID: PMC8751058 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Non-prescription steroid use can negatively impact adolescent physical and mental health and wellbeing. Determining correlates of this risk behavior is needed to help mitigate its prevalence. Two potential correlates are physical activity and school safety. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of physical activity, school safety, and non-prescription steroid use within a sample of adolescents from the 2015-2019 US National Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). A multi-stage cluster sampling procedure yielded a representative sample of US adolescents from the 2015-2019 YRBS (n = 44,066; 49.6% female). Two latent variables indicating physical activity and unsafe schools were the independent variables. The dependent variable was a self-report of non-prescription steroid use. A weighted structural equation model examined the associations between physical activity and unsafe schools with non-prescription steroid use, controlling for age, sex, BMI %tile, race/ethnicity, and sexual minority status. The latent physical activity variable did not associate with non-prescription steroid use (β = 0.007, 95%CI: -0.01-0.02, p = 0.436); however, the unsafe schools latent variable did associate with non-prescription steroid use (β = 0.64, 95%CI: 0.59-0.69, p < 0.001). An unsafe school environment may be a determinant of non-prescription steroid use in adolescents. Physical activity behaviors did not associate with steroid use.
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