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Zhang X, Wang H, Kilpatrick LA, Dong TS, Gee GC, Beltran-Sanchez H, Wang MC, Vaughan A, Church A. Connectome modeling of discrimination exposure: Impact on your social brain and psychological symptoms. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2025; 139:111366. [PMID: 40239889 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2025] [Accepted: 04/12/2025] [Indexed: 04/18/2025]
Abstract
Discrimination is a social stressor that is associated with adverse health outcomes, but the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. The fusiform, including the fusiform face area (FFA) plays a critical role in face perception especially regarding hostile faces during discrimination exposure; and are key regions involved in social cognition. We compared resting-state spontaneous activity and connectivity of the fusiform and FFA, between 153 individuals (110 women) with high (N = 73) and low (N = 80) levels of discrimination (measured by the Everyday Discrimination Scale) and evaluated the relationships of these brain signatures with psychological outcomes and stress-related neurotransmitters. Discrimination-related group differences showed altered fusiform signal fluctuation dynamics (Hurst exponent) and connectivity. These alterations predicted discrimination experiences and correlated with anxiety, depression, and cognitive difficulties. A molecular architecture analysis using cross-modal spatial correlation of brain signatures and nuclear imaging derived estimates of stress-related neurotransmitters demonstrated overlap between discrimination-related connectivity and dopamine, serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and acetylcholine. Discrimination exposure associated with alterations in the fusiform and face processing area may reflect enhanced baseline preparedness and vigilance towards facial stimuli and decreased top-down regulation of potential threats. These brain alterations may contribute to increased vulnerability for the development of mental health symptoms, demonstrating clinical relevance of social cognition in stressful interpersonal relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobei Zhang
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress & Resilience, at UCLA, United States of America; Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, at UCLA, United States of America; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, United States of America; University of California, Los Angeles, United States of America; UCLA Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, United States of America
| | - Hao Wang
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress & Resilience, at UCLA, United States of America; State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, China
| | - Lisa A Kilpatrick
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress & Resilience, at UCLA, United States of America; Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, at UCLA, United States of America; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, United States of America; University of California, Los Angeles, United States of America; UCLA Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, United States of America
| | - Tien S Dong
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress & Resilience, at UCLA, United States of America; Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, at UCLA, United States of America; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, United States of America; University of California, Los Angeles, United States of America; UCLA Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, United States of America
| | - Gilbert C Gee
- Department of Community Health Sciences Fielding School of Public Health, United States of America; California Center for Population Research, UCLA, United States of America
| | - Hiram Beltran-Sanchez
- Department of Community Health Sciences Fielding School of Public Health, United States of America; California Center for Population Research, UCLA, United States of America
| | - May C Wang
- Department of Community Health Sciences Fielding School of Public Health, United States of America
| | - Allison Vaughan
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress & Resilience, at UCLA, United States of America; Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, at UCLA, United States of America; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, United States of America; University of California, Los Angeles, United States of America; UCLA Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, United States of America
| | - Arpana Church
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress & Resilience, at UCLA, United States of America; Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, at UCLA, United States of America; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, United States of America; University of California, Los Angeles, United States of America; UCLA Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, United States of America.
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2
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Shen C, Zhang R, Yu J, Sahakian BJ, Cheng W, Feng J. Plasma proteomic signatures of social isolation and loneliness associated with morbidity and mortality. Nat Hum Behav 2025; 9:569-583. [PMID: 39753750 PMCID: PMC11936835 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-02078-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 10/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2025]
Abstract
The biology underlying the connection between social relationships and health is largely unknown. Here, leveraging data from 42,062 participants across 2,920 plasma proteins in the UK Biobank, we characterized the proteomic signatures of social isolation and loneliness through proteome-wide association study and protein co-expression network analysis. Proteins linked to these constructs were implicated in inflammation, antiviral responses and complement systems. More than half of these proteins were prospectively linked to cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, stroke and mortality during a 14 year follow-up. Moreover, Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis suggested causal relationships from loneliness to five proteins, with two proteins (ADM and ASGR1) further supported by colocalization. These MR-identified proteins (GFRA1, ADM, FABP4, TNFRSF10A and ASGR1) exhibited broad associations with other blood biomarkers, as well as volumes in brain regions involved in interoception and emotional and social processes. Finally, the MR-identified proteins partly mediated the relationship between loneliness and cardiovascular diseases, stroke and mortality. The exploration of the peripheral physiology through which social relationships influence morbidity and mortality is timely and has potential implications for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Shen
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ruohan Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Jintai Yu
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Barbara J Sahakian
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Wei Cheng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Shanghai, China.
- School of Data Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Siqueiros-Sanchez M, Serur Y, McGhee CA, Smith TF, Green T. Social Communication in Ras Pathway Disorders: A Comprehensive Review From Genetics to Behavior in Neurofibromatosis Type 1 and Noonan Syndrome. Biol Psychiatry 2025; 97:461-498. [PMID: 39366539 PMCID: PMC11805629 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and Noonan syndrome (NS) are neurogenetic syndromes caused by pathogenetic variants encoding components of the Ras-ERK-MAPK (Ras/extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathway (Ras pathway). NF1 and NS are associated with differences in social communication and related neuropsychiatric risks. During the last decade, there has been growing interest in Ras-linked syndromes as models to understand social communication deficits and autism spectrum disorder. We systematically review the literature between 2010 and 2023 focusing on the social communication construct of the Research Domain Criteria framework. We provide an integrative summary of the research on facial and nonfacial social communication processes in NF1 and NS across molecular, cellular, neural circuitry, and behavioral domains. At the molecular and cellular levels, dysregulation in the Ras pathway is intricately tied to variations in social communication through changes in GABAergic (gamma-aminobutyric acidergic), glutamatergic, and serotonergic transmission, as well as inhibitory/excitatory imbalance. Neural circuitry typically associated with learning, attention, and memory in NF1 and NS (e.g., corticostriatal connectivity) is also implicated in social communication. We highlight less-researched potential mechanisms for social communication, such as white matter connectivity and the default mode network. Finally, key gaps in NF1 and NS literature are identified, and a roadmap for future research is provided. By leveraging genetic syndrome research, we can understand the mechanisms associated with behaviors and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Siqueiros-Sanchez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Division of Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
| | - Yaffa Serur
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Division of Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Chloe A McGhee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Division of Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Taylor F Smith
- Department of Psychology and Child Development, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
| | - Tamar Green
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Division of Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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4
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Sahuquillo-Leal R, Perea M, Moreno-Giménez A, Salmerón L, Andreu J, Pons D, Vento M, García-Blanco A. Emotional Face Processing in Autism Spectrum Condition: A Study of Attentional Orienting and Inhibitory Control. J Autism Dev Disord 2025; 55:440-448. [PMID: 38238508 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-06200-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2025]
Abstract
A core feature of Autistic Spectrum Condition (ASC) is the presence of difficulties in social interactions. This can be explained by an atypical attentional processing of social information: individuals with ASC may show problems with orienting attention to socially relevant stimuli and/or inhibiting their attentional responses to irrelevant ones. To shed light on this issue, we examined attentional orienting and inhibitory control to emotional stimuli (angry, happy, and neutral faces). An antisaccade task (with both prosaccade and antisacade blocks) was applied to a final sample of 29 children with ASC and 27 children with typical development (TD). Whereas children with ASC committed more antisaccade errors when seeing angry faces than happy or neutral ones, TD children committed more antisaccade errors when encountering happy faces than neutral faces. Furthermore, latencies in the prosaccade and antisaccade blocks were longer in children with ASC and they were associated with the severity of ASC symptoms. Thus, children with ASC showed an impaired inhibitory control when angry faces were presented. This bias to negative high-arousal information is congruent with affective information-processing theories on ASC, suggesting that threatening stimuli induce an overwhelming response in ASC. Therapeutic strategies where train the shift attention to emotional stimuli (i.e. faces) may improve ASC symptomatology and their socials functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Perea
- University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Nebrija University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Moreno-Giménez
- University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Julia Andreu
- University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Máximo Vento
- Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana García-Blanco
- University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
- Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
- University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
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5
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Thomas KS, Jones CRG, Williams MO, Vanderwert RE. Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation and Associations With Disordered Eating During Preadolescence. Dev Psychobiol 2025; 67:e70009. [PMID: 39648280 PMCID: PMC11625878 DOI: 10.1002/dev.70009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 11/06/2024] [Accepted: 11/18/2024] [Indexed: 12/10/2024]
Abstract
Difficulties with emotion regulation have been documented in individuals with eating and internalizing disorders. However, there is limited research examining the cognitive processes underlying these difficulties. Using a dimensional approach, the current study examined the link between the behavioral and neural correlates of response inhibition, disordered eating, and internalizing symptoms in a community sample of preadolescents. A total of 50 children (M age = 10.9 years; 58% male) completed an emotion Go/No-Go task, while ERP components were recorded, as well as self-report measures of disordered eating and internalizing symptoms. In addition, children completed an emotion recognition task to establish whether there were fundamental differences in emotion recognition across high and low levels of disordered eating and internalizing symptoms. Increased disordered eating was associated with increased mean P3-NoGo amplitudes when inhibiting responses to happy facial expressions, as well as poorer recognition of happy faces. These associations were not found for internalizing symptoms. Our findings suggest an early disruption in response inhibition, specifically for happy emotional expressions, may be relevant to the development of disordered eating behaviors in preadolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ross E. Vanderwert
- School of PsychologyCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of PsychologyCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
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Mirabella G, Tullo MG, Sberna G, Galati G. Context matters: task relevance shapes neural responses to emotional facial expressions. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17859. [PMID: 39090239 PMCID: PMC11294555 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68803-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent research shows that emotional facial expressions impact behavioral responses only when their valence is relevant to the task. Under such conditions, threatening faces delay attentional disengagement, resulting in slower reaction times and increased omission errors compared to happy faces. To investigate the neural underpinnings of this phenomenon, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to record the brain activity of 23 healthy participants while they completed two versions of the go/no-go task. In the emotion task (ET), participants responded to emotional expressions (fearful or happy faces) and refrained from responding to neutral faces. In the gender task (GT), the same images were displayed, but participants had to respond based on the posers' gender. Our results confirmed previous behavioral findings and revealed a network of brain regions (including the angular gyrus, the ventral precuneus, the left posterior cingulate cortex, the right anterior superior frontal gyrus, and two face-responsive regions) displaying distinct activation patterns for the same facial emotional expressions in the ET compared to the GT. We propose that this network integrates internal representations of task rules with sensory characteristics of facial expressions to evaluate emotional stimuli and exert top-down control, guiding goal-directed actions according to the context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Mirabella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
| | - Maria Giulia Tullo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sberna
- Department of Psychology, Ecampus University, Via Isimbardi, 10, 22060, Novedrate, CO, Italy
| | - Gaspare Galati
- Brain Imaging Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185, Roma, Italy
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), Via Ardeatina 306/354, 00179, Roma, Italy
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7
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Vahedi J, Mundorf A, Bellebaum C, Peterburs J. Emotional cues reduce Pavlovian interference in feedback-based go and nogo learning. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2024; 88:1212-1230. [PMID: 38483574 PMCID: PMC11142951 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-024-01946-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
It is easier to execute a response in the promise of a reward and withhold a response in the promise of a punishment than vice versa, due to a conflict between cue-related Pavlovian and outcome-related instrumental action tendencies in the reverse conditions. This robust learning asymmetry in go and nogo learning is referred to as the Pavlovian bias. Interestingly, it is similar to motivational tendencies reported for affective facial expressions, i.e., facilitation of approach to a smile and withdrawal from a frown. The present study investigated whether and how learning from emotional faces instead of abstract stimuli modulates the Pavlovian bias in reinforcement learning. To this end, 137 healthy adult participants performed an orthogonalized Go/Nogo task that fully decoupled action (go/nogo) and outcome valence (win points/avoid losing points). Three groups of participants were tested with either emotional facial cues whose affective valence was either congruent (CON) or incongruent (INC) to the required instrumental response, or with neutral facial cues (NEU). Relative to NEU, the Pavlovian bias was reduced in both CON and INC, though still present under all learning conditions. Importantly, only for CON, the reduction of the Pavlovian bias effect was adaptive by improving learning performance in one of the conflict conditions. In contrast, the reduction of the Pavlovian bias in INC was completely driven by decreased learning performance in non-conflict conditions. These results suggest a potential role of arousal/salience in Pavlovian-instrumental regulation and cue-action congruency in the adaptability of goal-directed behavior. Implications for clinical application are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Vahedi
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Annakarina Mundorf
- Institute for Systems Medicine, Department of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Bellebaum
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jutta Peterburs
- Institute for Systems Medicine, Department of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School, Hamburg, Germany
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8
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Battaglia S, Nazzi C, Di Fazio C, Borgomaneri S. The role of pre-supplementary motor cortex in action control with emotional stimuli: A repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation study. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2024; 1536:151-166. [PMID: 38751225 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
Swiftly halting ongoing motor actions is essential to react to unforeseen and potentially perilous circumstances. However, the neural bases subtending the complex interplay between emotions and motor control have been scarcely investigated. Here, we used an emotional stop signal task (SST) to investigate whether specific neural circuits engaged by action suppression are differently modulated by emotional signals with respect to neutral ones. Participants performed an SST before and after the administration of one session of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the pre-supplementary motor cortex (pre-SMA), the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG), and the left primary motor cortex (lM1). Results show that rTMS over the pre-SMA improved the ability to inhibit prepotent action (i.e., better action control) when emotional stimuli were presented. In contrast, action control in a neutral context was fostered by rTMS over the rIFG. No changes were observed after lM1 stimulation. Intriguingly, individuals with higher impulsivity traits exhibited enhanced motor control when facing neutral stimuli following rIFG stimulation. These results further our understanding of the interplay between emotions and motor functions, shedding light on the selective modulation of neural pathways underpinning these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Battaglia
- Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", Cesena Campus, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Claudio Nazzi
- Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", Cesena Campus, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Fazio
- Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", Cesena Campus, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Sara Borgomaneri
- Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", Cesena Campus, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy
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9
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Lapate RC, Heckner MK, Phan AT, Tambini A, D'Esposito M. Information-based TMS to mid-lateral prefrontal cortex disrupts action goals during emotional processing. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4294. [PMID: 38769359 PMCID: PMC11106324 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The ability to respond to emotional events in a context-sensitive and goal-oriented manner is essential for adaptive functioning. In models of behavioral and emotion regulation, the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) is postulated to maintain goal-relevant representations that promote cognitive control, an idea rarely tested with causal inference. Here, we altered mid-LPFC function in healthy individuals using a putatively inhibitory brain stimulation protocol (continuous theta burst; cTBS), followed by fMRI scanning. Participants performed the Affective Go/No-Go task, which requires goal-oriented action during affective processing. We targeted mid-LPFC (vs. a Control site) based on the individualized location of action-goal representations observed during the task. cTBS to mid-LPFC reduced action-goal representations in mid-LPFC and impaired goal-oriented action, particularly during processing of negative emotional cues. During negative-cue processing, cTBS to mid-LPFC reduced functional coupling between mid-LPFC and nodes of the default mode network, including frontopolar cortex-a region thought to modulate LPFC control signals according to internal states. Collectively, these results indicate that mid-LPFC goal-relevant representations play a causal role in governing context-sensitive cognitive control during emotional processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Lapate
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
| | - M K Heckner
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - A T Phan
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - A Tambini
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - M D'Esposito
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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10
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Thomas KS, Jones CRG, Williams MO, Vanderwert RE. Associations between disordered eating, internalizing symptoms, and behavioral and neural correlates of response inhibition in preadolescence. Dev Psychobiol 2024; 66:e22477. [PMID: 38433461 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Response inhibition difficulties are reported in individuals with eating disorders (EDs), anxiety, and depression. Although ED symptoms and internalizing symptoms co-occur in preadolescence, there is limited research examining associations between these symptoms and response inhibition in this age group. This study is the first to investigate the associations between behavioral and neural markers of response inhibition, disordered eating (DE), and internalizing symptoms in a community sample of preadolescents. Forty-eight children (M age = 10.95 years, 56.3% male) completed a Go/NoGo task, whereas electroencephalography was recorded. Self-report measures of DE and internalizing symptoms were collected. Higher levels of anxiety and depression were associated with neural markers of suboptimal response inhibition (attenuated P3NoGo amplitudes) in preadolescence. In contrast, higher levels of depression were associated with greater response inhibition at a behavioral level. These findings suggest internalizing symptoms in preadolescence are associated with P3-indexed difficulties in evaluation and monitoring, but these are not sufficient to disrupt behavioral performance on a response inhibition task. This pattern may reflect engagement of compensatory processes to support task performance. DE was not significantly associated with response inhibition, suggesting that difficulties in response inhibition may only be reliably observed in more chronic and severe DE and ED presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai S Thomas
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | - Ross E Vanderwert
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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11
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Hu L, Stamoulis C. Strength and resilience of developing brain circuits predict adolescent emotional and stress responses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae164. [PMID: 38669008 PMCID: PMC11484496 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had profound but incompletely understood adverse effects on youth. To elucidate the role of brain circuits in how adolescents responded to the pandemic's stressors, we investigated their prepandemic organization as a predictor of mental/emotional health in the first ~15 months of the pandemic. We analyzed resting-state networks from n = 2,641 adolescents [median age (interquartile range) = 144.0 (13.0) months, 47.7% females] in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study, and longitudinal assessments of mental health, stress, sadness, and positive affect, collected every 2 to 3 months from May 2020 to May 2021. Topological resilience and/or network strength predicted overall mental health, stress and sadness (but not positive affect), at multiple time points, but primarily in December 2020 and May 2021. Higher resilience of the salience network predicted better mental health in December 2020 (β = 0.19, 95% CI = [0.06, 0.31], P = 0.01). Lower connectivity of left salience, reward, limbic, and prefrontal cortex and its thalamic, striatal, amygdala connections, predicted higher stress (β = -0.46 to -0.20, CI = [-0.72, -0.07], P < 0.03). Lower bilateral robustness (higher fragility) and/or connectivity of these networks predicted higher sadness in December 2020 and May 2021 (β = -0.514 to -0.19, CI = [-0.81, -0.05], P < 0.04). These findings suggest that the organization of brain circuits may have played a critical role in adolescent stress and mental/emotional health during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 77 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Catherine Stamoulis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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Nanni-Zepeda M, DeGutis J, Wu C, Rothlein D, Fan Y, Grimm S, Walter M, Esterman M, Zuberer A. Neural signatures of shared subjective affective engagement and disengagement during movie viewing. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26622. [PMID: 38488450 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
When watching a negative emotional movie, we differ from person to person in the ease with which we engage and the difficulty with which we disengage throughout a temporally evolving narrative. We investigated neural responses of emotional processing, by considering inter-individual synchronization in subjective emotional engagement and disengagement. The neural underpinnings of these shared responses are ideally studied in naturalistic scenarios like movie viewing, wherein individuals emotionally engage and disengage at their own time and pace throughout the course of a narrative. Despite the rich data that naturalistic designs can bring to the study, there is a challenge in determining time-resolved behavioral markers of subjective engagement and disengagement and their underlying neural responses. We used a within-subject cross-over design instructing 22 subjects to watch clips of either neutral or sad content while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Participants watched the same movies a second time while continuously annotating the perceived emotional intensity, thus enabling the mapping of brain activity and emotional experience. Our analyses revealed that between-participant similarity in waxing (engagement) and waning (disengagement) of emotional intensity was directly related to the between-participant similarity in spatiotemporal patterns of brain activation during the movie(s). Similar patterns of engagement reflected common activation in the bilateral ventromedial prefrontal cortex, regions often involved in self-referenced evaluation and generation of negative emotions. Similar patterns of disengagement reflected common activation in central executive and default mode network regions often involved in top-down emotion regulation. Together this work helps to better understand cognitive and neural mechanisms underpinning engagement and disengagement from emotionally evocative narratives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanni Nanni-Zepeda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Joseph DeGutis
- Boston Attention and Learning Laboratory, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charley Wu
- Human and Machine Cognition Lab, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - David Rothlein
- Boston Attention and Learning Laboratory, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yan Fan
- Department Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Simone Grimm
- Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, MSB Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Esterman
- Boston Attention and Learning Laboratory, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Agnieszka Zuberer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Boston Attention and Learning Laboratory, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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13
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Schumer MC, Bertocci MA, Aslam HA, Graur S, Bebko G, Stiffler RS, Skeba AS, Brady TJ, Benjamin OE, Wang Y, Chase HW, Phillips ML. Patterns of Neural Network Functional Connectivity Associated With Mania/Hypomania and Depression Risk in 3 Independent Young Adult Samples. JAMA Psychiatry 2024; 81:167-177. [PMID: 37910117 PMCID: PMC10620679 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.4150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Importance Mania/hypomania is the pathognomonic feature of bipolar disorder (BD). Established, reliable neural markers denoting mania/hypomania risk to help with early risk detection and diagnosis and guide the targeting of pathophysiologically informed interventions are lacking. Objective To identify patterns of neural responses associated with lifetime mania/hypomania risk, the specificity of such neural responses to mania/hypomania risk vs depression risk, and the extent of replication of findings in 2 independent test samples. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study included 3 independent samples of young adults aged 18 to 30 years without BD or active substance use disorder within the past 3 months who were recruited from the community through advertising. Of 603 approached, 299 were ultimately included and underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, from July 2014 to May 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures Activity and functional connectivity to approach-related emotions were examined using a region-of-interest mask supporting emotion processing and emotional regulation. The Mood Spectrum Self-Report assessed lifetime mania/hypomania risk and depression risk. In the discovery sample, elastic net regression models identified neural variables associated with mania/hypomania and depression risk; multivariable regression models identified the extent to which selected variables were significantly associated with each risk measure. Multivariable regression models then determined whether associations in the discovery sample replicated in both test samples. Results A total of 299 participants were included. The discovery sample included 114 individuals (mean [SD] age, 21.60 [1.91] years; 80 female and 34 male); test sample 1, 103 individuals (mean [SD] age, 21.57 [2.09] years; 30 male and 73 female); and test sample 2, 82 individuals (mean [SD] age, 23.43 [2.86] years; 48 female, 29 male, and 5 nonbinary). Associations between neuroimaging variables and Mood Spectrum Self-Report measures were consistent across all 3 samples. Bilateral amygdala-left amygdala functional connectivity and bilateral ventrolateral prefrontal cortex-right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex functional connectivity were positively associated with mania/hypomania risk: discovery omnibus χ2 = 1671.7 (P < .001); test sample 1 omnibus χ2 = 1790.6 (P < .001); test sample 2 omnibus χ2 = 632.7 (P < .001). Bilateral amygdala-left amygdala functional connectivity and right caudate activity were positively associated and negatively associated with depression risk, respectively: discovery omnibus χ2 = 2566.2 (P < .001); test sample 1 omnibus χ2 = 2935.9 (P < .001); test sample 2 omnibus χ2 = 1004.5 (P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance In this study of young adults, greater interamygdala functional connectivity was associated with greater risk of both mania/hypomania and depression. By contrast, greater functional connectivity between ventral attention or salience and central executive networks and greater caudate deactivation were reliably associated with greater risk of mania/hypomania and depression, respectively. These replicated findings indicate promising neural markers distinguishing mania/hypomania-specific risk from depression-specific risk and may provide neural targets to guide and monitor interventions for mania/hypomania and depression in at-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya C. Schumer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michele A. Bertocci
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Haris A. Aslam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Simona Graur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Genna Bebko
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Richelle S. Stiffler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alexander S. Skeba
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tyler J. Brady
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Osasumwen E. Benjamin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yiming Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Henry W. Chase
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mary L. Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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14
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Ramos R, Vaz AR, Rodrigues TF, Baenas I, Fernández-Aranda F, Machado PPP. Exploring the relationship between emotion regulation, inhibitory control, and eating psychopathology in a non-clinical sample. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2024; 32:66-79. [PMID: 37581422 DOI: 10.1002/erv.3024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to explore the relationship between difficulties in emotion regulation and deficits in inhibitory control, and the role of these processes in eating psychopathology in a non-clinical sample. We also explored the specificity in which deficits in inhibitory control may underlie eating psychopathology, namely whether they can be conceptualised as context specific or more extensive in nature. METHOD Participants were 107 healthy individuals recruited at a major Portuguese university, aged between 18 and 43 years-old (M = 21.23, SD = 4.79). Two computerised neuropsychological tasks (i.e., emotional go/no-go and food go/no-go tasks) were used to assess response inhibition in the presence of general versus context-specific stimuli. A set of self-report measures was used to assess variables of interest such as emotion regulation and eating psychopathology. RESULTS Results indicated higher response inhibition deficits among participants with higher difficulties in emotion regulation comparing to those with lower difficulties in emotion regulation, particularly in the context of food-related stimuli. In addition, the relationship between difficulties in emotion regulation and eating psychopathology was moderated by inhibitory control deficits in both the context of food and pleasant stimuli. CONCLUSIONS The present findings highlight inhibitory control as an important process underlying the relationship between difficulties in emotion regulation and eating psychopathology in non-clinical samples. Findings have important implications for clinical practice and the prevention of eating psychopathology in healthy individuals and individuals with eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Ramos
- Psychotherapy and Psychopathology Research Lab, Psychology Research Centre (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Vaz
- University Clinic of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Eating Disorders Unit, Psychiatry and Mental Health Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tânia F Rodrigues
- Psychotherapy and Psychopathology Research Lab, Psychology Research Centre (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Isabel Baenas
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviours Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviours Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paulo P P Machado
- Psychotherapy and Psychopathology Research Lab, Psychology Research Centre (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Hanley CJ, Burns N, Thomas HR, Marstaller L, Burianová H. The effects of age bias on neural correlates of successful and unsuccessful response inhibition in younger and older adults. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 131:1-10. [PMID: 37535985 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Facilitating communication between generations has become increasingly important. However, individuals often demonstrate a preference for their own age group, which can impact social interactions, and such bias in young adults even extends to inhibitory control. To assess whether older adults also experience this phenomenon, a group of younger and older adults completed a Go/NoGo task incorporating young and old faces, while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. Within the networks subserving successful and unsuccessful response inhibition, patterns of activity demonstrated distinct neural age bias effects in each age group. During successful inhibition, the older adult group demonstrated significantly increased activity to other-age faces, whereas unsuccessful inhibition in the younger group produced significantly enhanced activity to other-age faces. Consequently, the findings of the study confirm that neural responses to successful and unsuccessful inhibition can be contingent on the stimulus-specific attribute of age in both younger and older adults. These findings have important implications in regard to minimizing the emergence of negative consequences, such as ageism, as a result of related implicit biases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natasha Burns
- School of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK; Department of Psychology, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Hannah R Thomas
- School of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK; Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lars Marstaller
- Department of Psychology, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Hana Burianová
- School of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK; Department of Psychology, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK; Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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16
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Macphee FL, Brewer SK, Sibley MH, Graziano P, Raiker JS, Coxe SJ, Martin P, Van Dreel SJ, Rodriguez MO, Lyon AR, Page TF. Study protocol of a randomized trial of STRIPES: a schoolyear, peer-delivered high school intervention for students with ADHD. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:268. [PMID: 37670368 PMCID: PMC10481510 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01291-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth with ADHD are at risk of academic impairments, dropping out of high school, and dysfunction in young adulthood. Interventions delivered early in high school could prevent these harmful outcomes, yet few high school students with ADHD receive treatment due to limited access to intervention providers. This study will test a peer-delivered intervention (STRIPES) for general education 9th grade students with impairing ADHD symptoms. METHODS A type 1 hybrid effectiveness-implementation design will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of STRIPES and explore the intervention's implementability. Analyses will test the impact of STRIPES vs. enhanced school services control on target mechanisms and determine whether differences in basic cognitive profiles moderate intervention response. The acceptability and feasibility of STRIPES and treatment moderators will also be examined. DISCUSSION This study will generate knowledge about the effectiveness and implementability of STRIPES, which will inform dissemination efforts in the future. A peer-delivered high school intervention for organization, time management, and planning skills can provide accessible and feasible treatment targeting declines in academic motivation, grades, and attendance during the ninth-grade year. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study is registered on OSF Registries (10.17605/OSF.IO/Q8V6S).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona L Macphee
- Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephanie K Brewer
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, 6200 NE 74th St, Suite 100, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA.
| | - Margaret H Sibley
- Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paulo Graziano
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Joseph S Raiker
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Stefany J Coxe
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Pablo Martin
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Shauntal J Van Dreel
- Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mercedes Ortiz Rodriguez
- Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aaron R Lyon
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, 6200 NE 74th St, Suite 100, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
| | - Timothy F Page
- Department of Management, H. Wayne Huizenga College of Business and Entrepreneurship Nova Southeastern University, Florida, USA
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17
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Hunt KJ, Knight LK, Depue BE. Related neural networks underlie suppression of emotion, memory, motor processes as identified by data-driven analysis. BMC Neurosci 2023; 24:44. [PMID: 37620756 PMCID: PMC10463822 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-023-00812-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Goal-directed behavior benefits from self-regulation of cognitive and affective processes, such as emotional reactivity, memory retrieval, and prepotent motor response. Dysfunction in self-regulation is a common characteristic of many psychiatric disorders, such as PTSD and ADHD. This study sought to determine whether common intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs; e.g. default mode network) are involved in the regulation of emotion, motor, and memory processes, and if a data-driven approach using independent component analysis (ICA) would successfully identify such ICNs that contribute to inhibitory regulation. METHODS Eighteen participants underwent neuroimaging while completing an emotion regulation (ER) task, a memory suppression (Think/No-Think; TNT) task, and a motor inhibition (Stop Signal; SS) task. ICA (CONN; MATLAB) was conducted on the neuroimaging data from each task and corresponding components were selected across tasks based on interrelated patterns of activation. Subsequently, ICNs were correlated with behavioral performance variables from each task. RESULTS ICA indicated a common medial prefrontal network, striatal network, and frontoparietal executive control network, as well as downregulation in task-specific ROIs. CONCLUSIONS These results illustrate that common ICNs were exhibited across three distinct inhibitory regulation tasks, as successfully identified through a data-driven approach (ICA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karisa J Hunt
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, 2301 S, 3rd St., Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
| | - Lindsay K Knight
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, 2301 S, 3rd St., Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
- Insightec Ltd., Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brendan E Depue
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, 2301 S, 3rd St., Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
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18
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Zhang X, Jia H, Wang E. Negative inhibition is poor in sub-threshold depression individuals: Evidence from ERP and a Go/No-go task. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2023; 331:111638. [PMID: 37031674 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Go/No-go task combined with ERP technology were used to explore the characteristics of negative emotion inhibition in SD and healthy individuals and whether there are differences between negative emotion inhibition and neutral emotion inhibition in SD. The results showed that SD showed the same poor negative inhibition as depressive patients in behavior, but there was no significant difference between SD and CG in ERPs. Overall, compared with neutral emotional information, negative emotional information would reduce attention control in conflict processing, lead to faster conflict processing, attract attention, occupy more cognitive resources, and be more difficult to inhibit. It is concluded that the negative attention bias of SD individuals is only reflected in the bottom-up stimulation processing, but has not developed into the top-down cognitive control, which also suggests that the corresponding intervention measures at the early stage of depression may have better effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Institute of Behavioral Psychology, Henan University, China
| | - Huibin Jia
- Institute of Behavioral Psychology, Henan University, China
| | - Enguo Wang
- Institute of Behavioral Psychology, Henan University, China.
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19
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Viacheslav I, Vartanov A, Bueva A, Bronov O. The emotional component of inner speech: A pilot exploratory fMRI study. Brain Cogn 2023; 165:105939. [PMID: 36549191 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2022.105939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inner speech is one of the most important human cognitive processes. Nevertheless, until now, many aspects of inner speech, particularly the emotional characteristics of inner speech, remain poorly understood. The main objectives of our study are to identify the neural substrate for the emotional (prosodic) dimension of inner speech and brain structures that control the suppression of expression in inner speech. To achieve these goals, a pilot exploratory fMRI study was carried out on 33 people. The subjects listened to pre-recorded phrases or individual words pronounced with different emotional connotations, after which they were internally spoken with the same emotion or with suppression of expression (neutral). The results show that there is an emotional component in inner speech, which is encoded by similar structures as in spoken speech. The unique role of the caudate nuclei in the suppression of expression in the inner speech was also shown.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Oleg Bronov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Medical and Surgical Center named after N.I. Pirogov", Russia
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20
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Dehghani A, Soltanian-Zadeh H, Hossein-Zadeh GA. Probing fMRI brain connectivity and activity changes during emotion regulation by EEG neurofeedback. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 16:988890. [PMID: 36684847 PMCID: PMC9853008 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.988890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the existence of several emotion regulation studies using neurofeedback, interactions among a small number of regions were evaluated, and therefore, further investigation is needed to understand the interactions of the brain regions involved in emotion regulation. We implemented electroencephalography (EEG) neurofeedback with simultaneous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using a modified happiness-inducing task through autobiographical memories to upregulate positive emotion. Then, an explorative analysis of whole brain regions was done to understand the effect of neurofeedback on brain activity and the interaction of whole brain regions involved in emotion regulation. The participants in the control and experimental groups were asked to do emotion regulation while viewing positive images of autobiographical memories and getting sham or real (based on alpha asymmetry) EEG neurofeedback, respectively. The proposed multimodal approach quantified the effects of EEG neurofeedback in changing EEG alpha power, fMRI blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) activity of prefrontal, occipital, parietal, and limbic regions (up to 1.9% increase), and functional connectivity in/between prefrontal, parietal, limbic system, and insula in the experimental group. New connectivity links were identified by comparing the brain functional connectivity between experimental conditions (Upregulation and View blocks) and also by comparing the brain connectivity of the experimental and control groups. Psychometric assessments confirmed significant changes in positive and negative mood states in the experimental group by neurofeedback. Based on the exploratory analysis of activity and connectivity among all brain regions involved in emotion regions, we found significant BOLD and functional connectivity increases due to EEG neurofeedback in the experimental group, but no learning effect was observed in the control group. The results reveal several new connections among brain regions as a result of EEG neurofeedback which can be justified according to emotion regulation models and the role of those regions in emotion regulation and recalling positive autobiographical memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Dehghani
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States,*Correspondence: Amin Dehghani, ,
| | - Hamid Soltanian-Zadeh
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran,Medical Image Analysis Lab, Department of Radiology and Research Administration, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States,School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholam-Ali Hossein-Zadeh
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran,School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
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21
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Fortier A, Dumais A, Athanassiou M, Tikàsz A, Potvin S. Dysconnectivity between the anterior insula and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex during an emotion go/nogo paradigm is associated with aggressive behaviors in male schizophrenia patients. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2023; 328:111579. [PMID: 36469978 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2022.111579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association between past-reported violent/aggressive behaviors and brain functional connectivity in male patients suffering from schizophrenia using a task modeling the interaction between negative emotion processing and response inhibition. Forty-four male patients with schizophrenia and twenty-two healthy male controls performed an emotional go/no-go task using angry and neutral faces during a functional magnetic resonance imaging session. Generalized psycho-physiological interaction was conducted to explore task-based functional connectivity and a negative binomial regression was used to evaluate the relationship between neural alterations and violent/aggressive behaviors. Regions involved in response inhibition and emotion regulation, such as the anterior insula, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), were used as seed regions. During emotion-related response inhibition, patients with schizophrenia displayed altered connectivity between the anterior insula and amygdala, the DLPFC and lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), as well as the anterior insula and the dACC when compared to healthy individuals. The latter was negatively associated with aggressive behaviors in participants with schizophrenia (Wald χ2 = 9.51; p < 0.05, p-FDR corrected). Our results highlight alterations in functional connectivity in brain regions involved in cognitive control and emotion processing which are associated with aggressive behaviors in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Fortier
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alexandre Dumais
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; Philippe-Pinel National Institute of Legal Psychiatry, Montreal, Canada
| | - Maria Athanassiou
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Andràs Tikàsz
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Stéphane Potvin
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
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22
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Kaiser J, Gentsch A, Rodriguez-Manrique D, Schütz-Bosbach S. Function without feeling: neural reactivity and intercommunication during flexible motor adjustments evoked by emotional and neutral stimuli. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:6000-6012. [PMID: 36513350 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor conflicts arise when we need to quickly overwrite prepotent behavior. It has been proposed that affective stimuli modulate the neural processing of motor conflicts. However, previous studies have come to inconsistent conclusions regarding the neural impact of affective information on conflict processing. We employed functional magnetic resonance imaging during a Go/Change-Go task, where motor conflicts were either evoked by neutral or emotionally negative stimuli. Dynamic causal modeling was used to investigate how motor conflicts modulate the intercommunication between the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the anterior insula (AI) as 2 central regions for cognitive control. Conflicts compared to standard actions were associated with increased BOLD activation in several brain areas, including the dorsal ACC and anterior insula. There were no differences in neural activity between emotional and non-emotional conflict stimuli. Conflicts compared to standard actions lowered neural self-inhibition of the ACC and AI and led to increased effective connectivity from the ACC to AI contralateral to the acting hand. Thus, our study indicates that neural conflict processing is primarily driven by the functional relevance of action-related stimuli, not their inherent affective meaning. Furthermore, it sheds light on the role of interconnectivity between ACC and AI for the implementation of flexible behavioral change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Kaiser
- LMU Munich, Department of Psychology, General and Experimental Psychology, Leopoldstr. 13, D-80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Antje Gentsch
- LMU Munich, Department of Psychology, General and Experimental Psychology, Leopoldstr. 13, D-80802 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Simone Schütz-Bosbach
- LMU Munich, Department of Psychology, General and Experimental Psychology, Leopoldstr. 13, D-80802 Munich, Germany
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Approaching or Decentering? Differential Neural Networks Underlying Experiential Emotion Regulation and Cognitive Defusion. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12091215. [PMID: 36138951 PMCID: PMC9496919 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12091215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated the bottom-up experiential emotion regulation in comparison to the cognitiveve top down-approach of cognitive defusion. Rooted in an experiential- and client-centered psychotherapeutic approach, experiential emotion regulation involves an active, non-intervening, accepting, open and welcoming approach towards the bodily felt affective experience in a welcoming, compassionate way, expressed in ‘experiential awareness’ in a first phase, and its verbalization or ‘experiential expression’ in a second phase. Defusion refers to the ability to observe one’s thoughts and feelings in a detached manner. Nineteen healthy participants completed an emotion regulation task during fMRI scanning by processing highly arousing negative events by images. Both experiential emotion regulation and cognitive defusion resulted in higher negative emotion compared to a ‘watch’ control condition. On the neurophysiological level, experiential emotion regulation recruited brain areas that regulate attention towards affective- and somatosensorial experience such as the anterior cingulate cortex, the paracingulate gyrus, the inferior frontal gyrus, and the prefrontal pole, areas underlying multisensory information integration (e.g., angular gyrus), and linking body states to emotion recognition and awareness (e.g., postcentral gyrus). Experiential emotion regulation, relative to the control condition, also resulted in a higher interaction between the anterior insular cortex and left amygdala while participants experienced less negative emotion. Cognitive defusion decreased activation in the subcortical areas such as the brainstem, the thalamus, the amygdala, and the hippocampus. In contrast to cognitive defusion, experiential emotion regulation relative to demonstrated greater activation in the left angular gyrus, indicating more multisensory information integration. These findings provide insight into different and specific neural networks underlying psychotherapy-based experiential emotion regulation and cognitive defusion.
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24
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Differential Effect of Emotional Stimuli on Performance on Verbal and Facial Priming Tasks and Their Relation to PTSD Symptoms in Girls with Intrafamiliar Sexual Abuse. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-022-10313-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Vines L, Bridgwater M, Bachman P, Hayes R, Catalano S, Jalbrzikowski M. Elevated emotion reactivity and emotion regulation in individuals at clinical high risk for developing psychosis and those diagnosed with a psychotic disorder. Early Interv Psychiatry 2022; 16:724-735. [PMID: 34528404 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Disrupted affective processes are core features of psychosis; yet emotion reactivity and emotion regulation impairments have not been fully characterized in individuals at clinical high-risk for developing psychosis (CHR) or adolescents diagnosed with a psychotic disorder (AOP). Characterizing these impairments may provide a fuller understanding of factors contributing to psychosis risk and psychosis onset. Using cross-sectional and longitudinal data, we evaluated (1) group-level effects of emotion reactivity and regulation, (2) stability of group-level effects over time and age, (3) relationships between emotion reactivity and regulation, and (4) associations between these measures and psychosocial functioning and clinical symptomatology. METHODS Eighty-seven participants (CHR = 32, TD = 42, AOP = 13; 12-25 years, 1-5 visits) completed the Emotion Reactivity Scale, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. We assessed psychotic symptoms with the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes and measured real-world functioning with the Global Functioning: Social and Role Scales. We used analysis of variance to assess Aim 1 and linear mixed models to address Aims 2-4. RESULTS CHR and AOP endorsed experiencing heightened levels of emotion reactivity and greater difficulty utilizing emotion regulation strategies compared to TD. These impairments were stable across time and adolescent development. Greater levels of emotion reactivity were associated with greater emotion regulation impairments. Greater impairments in emotion regulation were associated with lower social functioning and greater negative symptom severity. CONCLUSION Therapeutic interventions designed to reduce emotion reactivity and improve one's ability to utilize emotion regulation strategies may be effective in reducing clinical symptomatology and improving real-world functioning in CHR and AOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Vines
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Miranda Bridgwater
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter Bachman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rebecca Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sabrina Catalano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Maria Jalbrzikowski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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26
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Sydnor VJ, Cieslak M, Duprat R, Deluisi J, Flounders MW, Long H, Scully M, Balderston NL, Sheline YI, Bassett DS, Satterthwaite TD, Oathes DJ. Cortical-subcortical structural connections support transcranial magnetic stimulation engagement of the amygdala. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn5803. [PMID: 35731882 PMCID: PMC9217085 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn5803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The amygdala processes valenced stimuli, influences emotion, and exhibits aberrant activity across anxiety disorders, depression, and PTSD. Interventions modulating amygdala activity hold promise as transdiagnostic psychiatric treatments. In 45 healthy participants, we investigated whether transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) elicits indirect changes in amygdala activity when applied to ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC), a region important for emotion regulation. Harnessing in-scanner interleaved TMS/functional MRI (fMRI), we reveal that vlPFC neurostimulation evoked acute and focal modulations of amygdala fMRI BOLD signal. Larger TMS-evoked changes in the amygdala were associated with higher fiber density in a vlPFC-amygdala white matter pathway when stimulating vlPFC but not an anatomical control, suggesting this pathway facilitated stimulation-induced communication between cortex and subcortex. This work provides evidence of amygdala engagement by TMS, highlighting stimulation of vlPFC-amygdala circuits as a candidate treatment for transdiagnostic psychopathology. More broadly, it indicates that targeting cortical-subcortical structural connections may enhance the impact of TMS on subcortical neural activity and, by extension, subcortex-subserved behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie J. Sydnor
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew Cieslak
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Romain Duprat
- Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress (CNDS), Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joseph Deluisi
- Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress (CNDS), Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew W. Flounders
- Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress (CNDS), Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hannah Long
- Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress (CNDS), Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Morgan Scully
- Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress (CNDS), Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicholas L. Balderston
- Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress (CNDS), Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yvette I. Sheline
- Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress (CNDS), Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dani S. Bassett
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
| | - Theodore D. Satterthwaite
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Desmond J. Oathes
- Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress (CNDS), Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Brain Science, Translation, Innovation, and Modulation Center (brainSTIM), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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27
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Effects of facial expression and gaze interaction on brain dynamics during a working memory task in preschool children. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266713. [PMID: 35482742 PMCID: PMC9049575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Executive functioning in preschool children is important for building social relationships during the early stages of development. We investigated the brain dynamics of preschool children during an attention-shifting task involving congruent and incongruent gaze directions in emotional facial expressions (neutral, angry, and happy faces). Ignoring distracting stimuli (gaze direction and expression), participants (17 preschool children and 17 young adults) were required to detect and memorize the location (left or right) of a target symbol as a simple working memory task (i.e., no general priming paradigm in which a target appears after a cue stimulus). For the preschool children, the frontal late positive response and the central and parietal P3 responses increased for angry faces. In addition, a parietal midline α (Pmα) power to change attention levels decreased mainly during the encoding of a target for angry faces, possibly causing an association of no congruency effect on reaction times (i.e., no faster response in the congruent than incongruent gaze condition). For the adults, parietal P3 response and frontal midline θ (Fmθ) power increased mainly during the encoding period for incongruent gaze shifts in happy faces. The Pmα power for happy faces decreased for incongruent gaze during the encoding period and increased for congruent gaze during the first retention period. These results suggest that adults can quickly shift attention to a target in happy faces, sufficiently allocating attentional resources to ignore incongruent gazes and detect a target, which can attenuate a congruency effect on reaction times. By contrast, possibly because of underdeveloped brain activity, preschool children did not show the happy face superiority effect and they may be more responsive to angry faces. These observations imply a crucial key point to build better relationships between developing preschoolers and their parents and educators, incorporating nonverbal communication into social and emotional learning.
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28
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Oar EL, Johnco CJ, Waters AM, Fardouly J, Forbes MK, Magson NR, Richardson CE, Rapee RM. Eye-tracking to assess anxiety-related attentional biases among a large sample of preadolescent children. Behav Res Ther 2022; 153:104079. [PMID: 35395478 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2022.104079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A considerable body of research in adults has demonstrated that anxiety disorders are characterised by attentional biases to threat. Findings in children have been inconsistent. The present study examined anxiety-related attention biases using eye tracking methodology in 463 preadolescents between 10 and 12 years of age, of whom 92 met criteria for a DSM-5 anxiety disorder and 371 did not. Preadolescent's gaze was recorded while they viewed adolescent face pairs depicting angry-neutral and happy-neutral expressions with each face pair presented for 5000 ms. No group differences were observed across any eye tracking indices including probability of first fixation direction, latency to first fixation, first fixation duration and dwell time. The sample overall showed faster initial attention towards threat cues, followed by a later broadening of attention away from threat. There is a need to identify the types of threats and the developmental period during which visual attention patterns of anxious and non-anxious youth diverge to inform more developmentally sensitive treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella L Oar
- Centre for Emotional Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Carly J Johnco
- Centre for Emotional Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Allison M Waters
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mount Gravatt Campus, Mount Gravatt, QLD, 4122, Australia
| | - Jasmine Fardouly
- Centre for Emotional Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia; School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Miriam K Forbes
- Centre for Emotional Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Natasha R Magson
- Centre for Emotional Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Cele E Richardson
- Centre for Emotional Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia; School of Psychological Science, Centre for Sleep Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Ronald M Rapee
- Centre for Emotional Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
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29
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Hanley CJ, Burns N, Thomas HR, Marstaller L, Burianová H. The effects of age-bias on neural correlates of successful and unsuccessful response inhibition. Behav Brain Res 2022; 428:113877. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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30
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Key AP, Jones D, Corbett BA. Sex differences in automatic emotion regulation in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res 2022; 15:712-728. [PMID: 35103402 PMCID: PMC9060299 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Autism may be underdiagnosed in females because their social difficulties are often less noticeable. This study explored sex differences in automatic facial emotion processing in 45 adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (22 female, 23 male), age 10-16 years, performing active target detection task and Go/NoGo tasks where faces with positive and negative emotional expressions served as irrelevant distractors. The combined sample demonstrated more accurate performance on the target detection (response initiation) than the Go/NoGo task (response inhibition), replicating findings previously reported in typical participants. Females exhibited greater difficulty than males with response initiation in the target detection task, especially in the context of angry faces, while males found withholding a response in the Go/NoGo block with happy faces more challenging. Electrophysiological data revealed no sex differences or emotion discrimination effects during the early perceptual processing of faces indexed by the occipitotemporal N170. Autistic males demonstrated increased frontal N2 and parietal P3 amplitudes compared to females, suggesting greater neural resource allocation to automatic emotion regulation processes. The associations between standardized behavioral measures (autism severity, theory of mind skills) and brain responses also varied by sex: more adaptive social functioning was related to the speed of perceptual processing (N170 latency) in females and the extent of deliberate attention allocation (P3 amplitudes) in males. Together, these findings suggest that males and females with autism may rely on different strategies for social functioning and highlight the importance of considering sex differences in autism. LAY SUMMARY: Females with autism may exhibit less noticeable social difficulties than males. This study demonstrates that autistic females are more successful than males at inhibiting behavioral responses in emotional contexts, while males are more likely to initiate a response. At the neural level, social functioning in females is related to the speed of automatic perceptual processing of facial cues, and in males, to the extent of active attention allocation to the stimuli. These findings highlight the importance of considering sex differences in autism diagnosis and treatment selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra P. Key
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Dorita Jones
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Blythe A. Corbett
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
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31
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Sullivan RM, Maple KE, Wallace AL, Thomas AM, Lisdahl KM. Examining Inhibitory Affective Processing Within the Rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex Among Abstinent Cannabis-Using Adolescents and Young Adults. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:851118. [PMID: 35418882 PMCID: PMC8995473 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.851118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis use has been associated with deficits in self-regulation, including inhibitory control. Cannabis users have previously exhibited both structural and functional deficits in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC), a region involved in self-regulation of emotional response and inhibitory control. The present study aimed to examine whether abstinent cannabis users demonstrated abnormal functional activation and connectivity of the bilateral rACC during an emotional inhibitory processing task, and whether gender moderated these relationships. Cannabis-using (N = 34) and non-using (N = 32) participants ages 16-25 underwent at least 2-weeks of monitored substance use abstinence (excluding tobacco) and fMRI scanning while completing a Go/No-go task using fearful and calm emotional faces as non-targets. Multiple linear regression and ANCOVA were used to determine if cannabis group status was related to rACC activation and context-dependent functional connectivity, and whether gender moderated these relationships. Results showed decreased bilateral rACC activation in cannabis users during fearful response inhibition, although groups did not show any context-dependent connectivity differences between the left or right rACC during calm or fearful inhibition. Gender findings revealed that cannabis-using females compared to males did show aberrant connectivity between the right rACC and right cerebellum. These results are consistent with literature demonstrating aberrant structural and functional rACC findings and suggest that chronic cannabis use may disrupt typical rACC development-even after abstinence-potentially conferring risk for later development of mood disorders. Marginal gender-specific connectivity findings bolster continued findings regarding female vulnerability to effects of cannabis on cognition and affect. Findings should be assessed in longitudinal studies to determine causality and timing effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Krista M. Lisdahl
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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32
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Lapate RC, Ballard IC, Heckner MK, D'Esposito M. Emotional Context Sculpts Action Goal Representations in the Lateral Frontal Pole. J Neurosci 2022; 42:1529-1541. [PMID: 34969868 PMCID: PMC8883870 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1522-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotional states provide an ever-present source of contextual information that should inform behavioral goals. Despite the ubiquity of emotional signals in our environment, the neural mechanisms underlying their influence on goal-directed action remains unclear. Prior work suggests that the lateral frontal pole (FPl) is uniquely positioned to integrate affective information into cognitive control representations. We used pattern similarity analysis to examine the content of representations in FPl and interconnected mid-lateral prefrontal and amygdala circuitry. Healthy participants (n = 37; n = 21 females) were scanned while undergoing an event-related Affective Go/No-Go task, which requires goal-oriented action selection during emotional processing. We found that FPl contained conjunctive emotion-action goal representations that were related to successful cognitive control during emotional processing. These representations differed from conjunctive emotion-action goal representations found in the basolateral amygdala. While robust action goal representations were present in mid-lateral prefrontal cortex, they were not modulated by emotional valence. Finally, converging results from functional connectivity and multivoxel pattern analyses indicated that FPl emotional valence signals likely originated from interconnected subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) (BA25), which was in turn functionally coupled with the amygdala. Thus, our results identify a key pathway by which internal emotional states influence goal-directed behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Optimal functioning in everyday life requires behavioral regulation that flexibly adapts to dynamically changing emotional states. However, precisely how emotional states influence goal-directed action remains unclear. Unveiling the neural architecture that supports emotion-goal integration is critical for our understanding of disorders such as psychopathy, which is characterized by deficits in incorporating emotional cues into goals, as well as mood and anxiety disorders, which are characterized by impaired goal-based emotion regulation. Our study identifies a key circuit through which emotional states influence goal-directed behavior. This circuitry comprised the lateral frontal pole (FPl), which represented integrated emotion-goal information, as well as interconnected amygdala and subgenual ACC, which conveyed emotional signals to FPl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina C Lapate
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Ian C Ballard
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Marisa K Heckner
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Centre Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Mark D'Esposito
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
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33
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Luo S, Zhu Y, Han S. Functional connectome fingerprint of holistic-analytic cultural style. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2022; 17:172-186. [PMID: 34160613 PMCID: PMC8847908 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsab080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although research in the field of cultural psychology and cultural neuroscience has revealed that culture is an important factor related to the human behaviors and neural activities in various tasks, it remains unclear how different brain regions organize together to construct a topological network for the representation of individual's cultural tendency. In this study, we examined the hypothesis that resting-state brain network properties can reflect individual's cultural background or tendency. By combining the methods of resting-state magnetic resonance imaging and graph theoretical analysis, significant cultural differences between participants from Eastern and Western cultures were found in the degree and global efficiency of regions mainly within the default mode network and subcortical network. Furthermore, the holistic-analytic thinking style, as a cultural value, provided a partial explanation for the cultural differences on various nodal metrics. Validation analyses further confirmed that these network properties effectively predicted the tendency of holistic-analytic cultural style within a group (r = 0.23) and accurately classified cultural groups (65%). The current study establishes a neural connectome representation of holistic-analytic cultural style including the topological brain network properties of regions in the default mode network, the basal ganglia and amygdala, which enable accurate cultural group membership classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Luo
- Department of Psychology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience and Mental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yiyi Zhu
- Department of Psychology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience and Mental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Shihui Han
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100080, China
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34
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Lee VV, Schembri R, Jordan AS, Jackson ML. The independent effects of sleep deprivation and sleep fragmentation on processing of emotional information. Behav Brain Res 2022; 424:113802. [PMID: 35181390 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Disrupted sleep through sleep deprivation or sleep fragmentation has previously been shown to impair cognitive processing. Nevertheless, limited studies have examined the impact of disrupted sleep on the processing of emotional information. The current study aimed to use an experimental approach to generate sleep disruption and examine whether SD and SF in otherwise healthy individuals would impair emotional facial processing. Thirty-five healthy individuals participated in three-day/two-night laboratory study which consisted of two consecutive overnight polysomnograms and cognitive testing during the day. The first night was an adaptation night of normal sleep while the second was an experimental night where participants underwent either a night of 1) normal sleep, 2) no sleep (SD) or 3) fragmented sleep (SF). The emotional Go/No-Go task was completed in the morning following each night. Data from 33 participants (14 females, mean age = 24.6 years) were included in the final analysis. Following a night of SD or SF, participants performed significantly poorer with emotional (fearful and happy) targets, while no significant changes occurred after a night of normal sleep. Further, sleep deprived individuals experienced additional impairments with notably poorer performance with neutral targets and slower reaction time for all targets, suggesting an overall slowing of cognitive processing speed. These findings suggest that facial recognition in socio-emotional contexts may be impaired in individuals who experience disrupted sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vien Lee
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Breathing and Sleep and Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel Schembri
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Breathing and Sleep and Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amy S Jordan
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Breathing and Sleep and Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melinda L Jackson
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep and Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
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Thompson NM, van Reekum CM, Chakrabarti B. Cognitive and Affective Empathy Relate Differentially to Emotion Regulation. AFFECTIVE SCIENCE 2022; 3:118-134. [PMID: 35465047 PMCID: PMC8989800 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-021-00062-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The constructs of empathy (i.e., understanding and/or sharing another's emotion) and emotion regulation (i.e., the processes by which one manages emotions) have largely been studied in relative isolation of one another. To better understand the interrelationships between their various component processes, this manuscript reports two studies that examined the relationship between empathy and emotion regulation using a combination of self-report and task measures. In study 1 (N = 137), trait cognitive empathy and affective empathy were found to share divergent relationships with self-reported emotion dysregulation. Trait emotion dysregulation was negatively related to cognitive empathy but did not show a significant relationship with affective empathy. In the second study (N = 92), the magnitude of emotion interference effects (i.e., the extent to which inhibitory control was impacted by emotional relative to neutral stimuli) in variants of a Go/NoGo and Stroop task were used as proxy measures of implicit emotion regulation abilities. Trait cognitive and affective empathy were differentially related to both task metrics. Higher affective empathy was associated with increased emotional interference in the Emotional Go/NoGo task; no such relationship was observed for trait cognitive empathy. In the Emotional Stroop task, higher cognitive empathy was associated with reduced emotional interference; no such relationship was observed for affective empathy. Together, these studies demonstrate that greater cognitive empathy was broadly associated with improved emotion regulation abilities, while greater affective empathy was typically associated with increased difficulties with emotion regulation. These findings point to the need for assessing the different components of empathy in psychopathological conditions marked by difficulties in emotion regulation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42761-021-00062-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Thompson
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AL UK
| | - Carien M van Reekum
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AL UK
| | - Bhismadev Chakrabarti
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AL UK
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Platt B, Sfärlea A, Buhl C, Loechner J, Neumüller J, Asperud Thomsen L, Starman-Wöhrle K, Salemink E, Schulte-Körne G. An Eye-Tracking Study of Attention Biases in Children at High Familial Risk for Depression and Their Parents with Depression. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2022; 53:89-108. [PMID: 33398688 PMCID: PMC8813682 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-020-01105-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Attention biases (AB) are a core component of cognitive models of depression yet it is unclear what role they play in the transgenerational transmission of depression. 44 children (9-14 years) with a high familial risk of depression (HR) were compared on multiple measures of AB with 36 children with a low familial risk of depression (LR). Their parents: 44 adults with a history of depression (HD) and 36 adults with no history of psychiatric disorder (ND) were also compared. There was no evidence of group differences in AB; neither between the HR and LR children, nor between HD and ND parents. There was no evidence of a correlation between parent and child AB. The internal consistency of the tasks varied greatly. The Dot-Probe Task showed unacceptable reliability whereas the behavioral index of the Visual-Search Task and an eye-tracking index of the Passive-Viewing Task showed better reliability. There was little correlation between the AB tasks and the tasks showed minimal convergence with symptoms of depression or anxiety. The null-findings of the current study contradict our expectations and much of the previous literature. They may be due to the poor psychometric properties associated with some of the AB indices, the unreliability of AB in general, or the relatively modest sample size. The poor reliability of the tasks in our sample suggest caution should be taken when interpreting the positive findings of previous studies which have used similar methods and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Platt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, Nußbaumstr. 5a, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - A. Sfärlea
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, Nußbaumstr. 5a, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - C. Buhl
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, Nußbaumstr. 5a, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - J. Loechner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, Nußbaumstr. 5a, 80336 Munich, Germany ,Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - J. Neumüller
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, Nußbaumstr. 5a, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - L. Asperud Thomsen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, Nußbaumstr. 5a, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - K. Starman-Wöhrle
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, Nußbaumstr. 5a, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - E. Salemink
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - G. Schulte-Körne
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, Nußbaumstr. 5a, 80336 Munich, Germany
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Sahuquillo-Leal R, Navalón P, Moreno-Giménez A, Almansa B, Vento M, García-Blanco A. Attentional biases towards emotional scenes in autism spectrum condition: An eye-tracking study. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 120:104124. [PMID: 34775276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2021.104124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different attentional processing of emotional information may underlie social impairments in Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC). It has been hypothesized that individuals with ASC show hypersensitivity to threat, which may be related to an avoidance behaviour. However, research on the attentional processing of emotional information in autism is inconclusive. AIM To examine the attentional processing biases of 27 children with ASC and 25 typically developed (TD) participants. METHODS AND PROCEDURES The initial orienting of attention, the attentional engagement, and the attentional maintenance to complex emotional scenes in competition (happy, neutral, threatening, sad) were assessed in a 20-second eye-tracking based free-viewing task. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS i) children with ASC showed an initial orienting bias towards threatening stimuli; ii) TD children demonstrated an attentional engagement and maintenance bias towards threat, while children with ASC did not; and iii) in children with ASC, attentional problems and somatic complaints were associated with higher initial orienting and with higher attentional maintenance towards threat, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results suggest that a perceived threat induces an early overwhelming response in autism, giving rise to an avoidance behaviour. The findings endorse affective information processing theories and shed light on the mechanisms underlying social disturbances in ASC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Sahuquillo-Leal
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Navalón
- La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Valencia, Spain; Neonatal Research Group, La Fe Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Belén Almansa
- Neonatal Research Group, La Fe Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Máximo Vento
- Neonatal Research Group, La Fe Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain; La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Division of Neonatology, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana García-Blanco
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Valencia, Spain; Neonatal Research Group, La Fe Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.
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Robert C, Patel R, Blostein N, Steele CJ, Chakravarty MM. Analyses of microstructural variation in the human striatum using non-negative matrix factorization. Neuroimage 2021; 246:118744. [PMID: 34848302 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The striatum is a major subcortical connection hub that has been heavily implicated in a wide array of motor and cognitive functions. Here, we developed a normative multimodal, data-driven microstructural parcellation of the striatum using non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) based on multiple magnetic resonance imaging-based metrics (mean diffusivity, fractional anisotropy, and the ratio between T1- and T2-weighted structural scans) from the Human Connectome Project Young Adult dataset (n = 329 unrelated participants, age range: 22-35, F/M: 185/144). We further explored the biological and functional relationships of this parcellation by relating our findings to motor and cognitive performance in tasks known to involve the striatum as well as demographics. We identified 5 spatially distinct striatal components for each hemisphere. We also show the gain in component stability when using multimodal versus unimodal metrics. Our findings suggest distinct microstructural patterns in the human striatum that are largely symmetric and that relate mostly to age and sex. Our work also highlights the putative functional relevance of these striatal components to different designations based on a Neurosynth meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Robert
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada.
| | - Raihaan Patel
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada; Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nadia Blostein
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Chrisopher J Steele
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Lau EYY, Wong ML, Lam YC, Lau KNT, Chung KF, Rusak B. Sleep and Inhibitory Control Over Mood-Congruent Information in Emerging Adults With Depressive Disorder. Psychosom Med 2021; 83:1004-1012. [PMID: 34419999 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accumulating evidence has suggested bidirectionality between sleep problems and depression, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. We assessed the role of sleep in inhibitory control ability with emotional stimuli, which has been shown to be suboptimal among individuals with depression and proposed to perpetuate depressive symptoms. METHODS Emerging adults (aged 18-25 years, 64.6% female) were screened for depressive and other mental disorders by structured clinical interview and questionnaire. Individuals with depressive disorders were assigned to have a polysomnography-monitored daytime sleep opportunity (Sleep-Dep, n = 20), whereas nondepressed individuals were randomized to either have daytime sleep (Sleep-Ctrl, n = 27) or stay awake (Wake-Ctrl, n = 18). Participants completed the Affective Go/No-Go Task two times, separated by experimental conditions. RESULTS A factorial model with a between-subject factor (Sleep-Dep/Sleep-Ctrl/Wake-Ctrl) and a within-subject factor (test 1/test 2) was used to assess if the groups differed in inhibitory control across test sessions, as inferred by changes in d-prime and false alarm rates (FA). Results from mixed factorial models showed a significant interaction effect between time and group on FA in the block with neutral faces as the target and happy faces as the nontarget (F(2,61) = 5.15, pfdr = .045). Although Sleep-Dep had decreased FA after sleep (t(19) = 2.94, pfdr = .050), Sleep-Ctrl and Wake-Ctrl had no significant between-session changes (p values > .05). Postsleep improvement in FA in Sleep-Dep correlated with longer stage 2 sleep (r(20) = 0.788, pfdr < .001) and stage 2 fast spindle number at O1 (r(18) = 0.692, pfdr = .015). CONCLUSIONS Sleep gain, particularly stage 2 sleep and related physiology, potentially enhances inhibitory control ability responding to emotional information among individuals with depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Yuet Ying Lau
- From the Department of Psychology (E. Lau, Lam), Centre for Psychosocial Health (E. Lau, Lam), and Centre for Religious and Spirituality Education (E. Lau), The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Psychology (Wong), University of Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom; Clinical Psychological Services (K. Lau), Hong Kong Children & Youth Services; Department of Psychiatry (Chung, E. Lau), Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Departments of Psychiatry (Rusak) and Psychology and Neuroscience (Rusak), Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Metzak PD, Addington J, Hassel S, Goldstein BI, MacIntosh BJ, Lebel C, Wang JL, Kennedy SH, MacQueen GM, Bray S. Functional imaging in youth at risk for transdiagnostic serious mental illness: Initial results from the PROCAN study. Early Interv Psychiatry 2021; 15:1276-1291. [PMID: 33295151 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In their early stages, serious mental illnesses (SMIs) are often indistinguishable from one another, suggesting that studying alterations in brain activity in a transdiagnostic fashion could help to understand the neurophysiological origins of different SMI. The purpose of this study was to examine brain activity in youth at varying stages of risk for SMI using functional magnetic resonance imaging tasks (fMRI) that engage brain systems believed to be affected. METHODS Two hundred and forty three participants at different stages of risk for SMI were recruited to the Canadian Psychiatric Risk and Outcome (PROCAN) study, however only 179 were scanned. Stages included asymptomatic participants at no elevated risk, asymptomatic participants at elevated risk due to family history, participants with undifferentiated general symptoms of mental illness, and those experiencing attenuated versions of diagnosable psychiatric illnesses. The fMRI tasks included: (1) a monetary incentive delay task; (2) an emotional Go-NoGo and (3) an n-back working memory task. RESULTS Strong main effects with each of the tasks were found in brain regions previously described in the literature. However, there were no significant differences in brain activity between any of the stages of risk for SMI for any of the task contrasts, after accounting for site, sex and age. Furthermore, results indicated no significant differences even when participants were dichotomized as asymptomatic or symptomatic. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that univariate BOLD responses during typical fMRI tasks are not sensitive markers of SMI risk and that further study, particularly longitudinal designs, will be necessary to understand brain changes underlying the early stages of SMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Metzak
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jean Addington
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stefanie Hassel
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Benjamin I Goldstein
- Center for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bradley J MacIntosh
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine Lebel
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Child & Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jian Li Wang
- Work & Mental Health Research Unit, Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sidney H Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Arthur Somner Rotenberg Chair in Suicide and Depression Studies, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Glenda M MacQueen
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Signe Bray
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Child & Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Grupe DW, Stoller JL, Alonso C, McGehee C, Smith C, Mumford JA, Rosenkranz MA, Davidson RJ. The Impact of Mindfulness Training on Police Officer Stress, Mental Health, and Salivary Cortisol Levels. Front Psychol 2021; 12:720753. [PMID: 34539521 PMCID: PMC8448191 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.720753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Unaddressed occupational stress and trauma contribute to elevated rates of mental illness and suicide in policing, and to violent and aggressive behavior that disproportionately impacts communities of color. Emerging evidence suggests mindfulness training with police may reduce stress and aggression and improve mental health, but there is limited evidence for changes in biological outcomes or the lasting benefits of mindfulness training. We conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of 114 police officers from three Midwestern U.S. law enforcement agencies. We assessed stress-related physical and mental health symptoms, blood-based inflammatory markers, and hair and salivary cortisol. Participants were then randomized to an 8-week mindfulness intervention or waitlist control (WLC), and the same assessments were repeated post-intervention and at 3-month follow-up. Relative to waitlist control, the mindfulness group had greater improvements in psychological distress, mental health symptoms, and sleep quality post-training, gains that were maintained at 3-month follow-up. Intervention participants also had a significantly lower cortisol awakening response (CAR) at 3-month follow-up relative to waitlist control. Contrary to hypotheses, there were no intervention effects on hair cortisol, diurnal cortisol slope, or inflammatory markers. In summary, an 8-week mindfulness intervention for police officers led to self-reported improvements in distress, mental health, and sleep, and a lower CAR. These benefits persisted (or emerged) at 3-month follow-up, suggesting that this training may buffer against the long-term consequences of chronic stress. Future research should assess the persistence of these benefits over a longer period while expanding the scope of outcomes to consider the broader community of mindfulness training for police. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov#NCT03488875.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Grupe
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jonah L Stoller
- Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | | | - Chad McGehee
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Athletics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Chris Smith
- Academy for Mindfulness, Glendale, WI, United States
| | - Jeanette A Mumford
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Melissa A Rosenkranz
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Richard J Davidson
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Biobehavioral correlates of an fMRI index of striatal tissue iron in depressed patients. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:448. [PMID: 34471098 PMCID: PMC8410762 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01553-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic function is a critical transdiagnostic neurophysiological dimension with broad relevance in psychiatry. Normalized T2*-weighted (nT2*w) imaging has been previously investigated as a method to quantify biological properties of tissue in the striatum (e.g., tissue iron), providing a widely available, in vivo marker with potential relevance to dopaminergic function; but no prior study to our knowledge has examined this neuroimaging marker in clinical depression. In a treatment-seeking, clinically depressed sample (n = 110), we quantified tissue iron (nT2*w) in striatal regions. We assessed test-retest reliability and correlated values with dimensional features across levels of analysis, including demographic/biological (sex, age, Body Mass Index), neuroanatomical (hippocampal atrophy, which was quantified using a recently validated machine-learning algorithm), and performance-based (Affective Go/NoGo task performance) indices with relevance to depressive neurocognition. Across patients, decreased tissue iron concentration (as indexed by higher nT2*w) in striatal regions correlated with indices of decreased cognitive-affective function on the Affective Go/NoGo task. Greater caudate nT2*w also correlated with greater hippocampal atrophy. Striatal tissue iron concentrations were robustly lower in female patients than males but gender differences did not explain relations with other neurocognitive variables. A widely available fMRI index of striatal tissue properties, which exhibited strong psychometric properties and can be readily quantified from most fMRI datasets irrespective of study-specific features such as task design, showed relevance to multiple biobehavioral markers of pathophysiology in the context of moderate-to-severe, treatment-resistant depression. Striatal tissue iron may play a role in dimensional and subgroup-specific features of depression, with implications for future research on depression heterogeneity.
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"Health Comes First": Action Tendencies to Health-Related Stimuli in People with Health-Anxiety as Revealed by an Emotional Go/No-Go Task. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179104. [PMID: 34501693 PMCID: PMC8431473 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The processing of health-related stimuli can be biased by health anxiety and anxiety sensitivity but, at the moment, it is far from clear whether health-related stimuli can affect motor readiness or the ability to inhibit action. In this preliminary study, we assessed whether different levels of health anxiety and anxiety sensitivity affect disposition to action in response to positive and negative health-related stimuli in non-clinical individuals. An emotional go/no-go task was devised to test action disposition in response to positive (wellness-related), and negative (disease-related) stimuli in non-clinical participants who also underwent well-validated self-report measures of health anxiety and anxiety sensitivity. The main results showed that both health anxiety and anxiety sensitivity biased participants' responses. Importantly, safety-seeking and avoidance behaviors differently affected action disposition in response to positive and negative stimuli. These preliminary results support the idea that health anxiety and anxiety sensitivity could determine a hypervigilance for health-related information with a different perturbation of response control depending on the valence of the stimuli. Health anxiety and health anxiety disorder do form a continuum; thus, capturing different action tendencies to health-related stimuli could represent a valuable complementary tool to detect processing biases in persons who might develop a clinical condition.
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Inhibition and individual differences in behavior and emotional regulation in adolescence. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2021; 86:1132-1144. [PMID: 34363502 PMCID: PMC9090849 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-021-01565-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Impulsivity/Reflexivity issue in inhibitory control ability has seldom been investigated in terms of individual differences in typically developing populations. Although there is evidence of changes in executive functioning (EF), including inhibition, in adolescence, very little is known about the role of individual differences. Using the data from 240 14-to-19-year-old high school students who completed a battery of EF tasks (Flanker, Go No-Go, Antisaccade, and Stop signal task), measures of emotion regulation strategies and behavioral difficulties, we performed a latent profile analysis to identify qualitatively distinct score profiles. The results showed the existence in adolescence of two inhibition profiles, Impulsive vs Reflexive, differing in performances at the inhibition tasks. The two profiles were not associated with socio-demographic characteristics, or to psychological variables, such as behavioral characteristics and emotional regulation strategies.
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Zulauf-McCurdy CA, Coxe SJ, Lyon AR, Aaronson B, Ortiz M, Sibley MH. Study protocol of a randomised trial of Summer STRIPES: a peer-delivered high school preparatory intervention for students with ADHD. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e045443. [PMID: 34344674 PMCID: PMC8336126 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High schoolers with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience substantial impairments, particularly in the school setting. However, very few high school students with ADHD receive evidence-based interventions for their difficulties. We aim to improve access to care by adapting evidence-based psychosocial intervention components to a low-resource and novel school-based intervention model, Summer STRIPES (Students Taking Responsibility and Initiative through Peer Enhanced Support). Summer STRIPES is a brief peer-delivered summer orientation to high school with continued peer-delivered sessions during ninth grade. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Participants will be 72 rising ninth grade students with ADHD who are randomised to receive either Summer STRIPES or school services as usual. Summer STRIPES will be delivered by 12 peer interventionists in a school setting. Outcomes will be measured at baseline, start of ninth grade, mid-ninth grade and end-of-ninth grade. At each assessment, self, parent and teacher measures will be obtained. We will test the effect of Summer STRIPES (compared with school services as usual) on ADHD symptoms and key mechanisms (intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, executive functions) as well as key academic outcomes during the ninth-grade year (Grade Point Average (GPA), class attendance). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Findings will contribute to our understanding of how to improve access and utilisation of care for adolescents with ADHD. The protocol is approved by the institutional review board at Seattle Children's Research Institute. The study results will be disseminated through publications in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at scientific conferences. TRIALS REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04571320; pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefany J Coxe
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Aaron R Lyon
- Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ben Aaronson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mercedes Ortiz
- Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Margaret H Sibley
- Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Zhuang Q, Xu L, Zhou F, Yao S, Zheng X, Zhou X, Li J, Xu X, Fu M, Li K, Vatansever D, Kendrick KM, Becker B. Segregating domain-general from emotional context-specific inhibitory control systems - ventral striatum and orbitofrontal cortex serve as emotion-cognition integration hubs. Neuroimage 2021; 238:118269. [PMID: 34139360 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory control hierarchically regulates cognitive and emotional systems in the service of adaptive goal-directed behavior across changing task demands and environments. While previous studies convergently determined the contribution of prefrontal-striatal systems to general inhibitory control, findings on the specific circuits that mediate emotional context-specific impact on inhibitory control remained inconclusive. Against this background we combined an evaluated emotional Go/No Go task with fMRI in a large cohort of subjects (N=250) to segregate brain systems and circuits that mediate domain-general from emotion-specific inhibitory control. Particularly during a positive emotional context, behavioral results showed a lower accuracy for No Go trials and a faster response time for Go trials. While the dorsal striatum and lateral frontal regions were involved in inhibitory control irrespective of emotional context, activity in the ventral striatum (VS) and medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) varied as a function of emotional context. On the voxel-wise whole-brain network level, limbic and striatal systems generally exhibited highest changes in global brain connectivity during inhibitory control, while global brain connectivity of the left mOFC was less decreased during emotional contexts. Functional connectivity analyses moreover revealed that negative coupling between the VS with inferior frontal gyrus (IFG)/insula and mOFC varied as a function of emotional context. Together these findings indicate separable domain- general as well as emotional context-specific inhibitory brain systems which specifically encompass the VS and its connections with frontal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhuang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Xu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuxia Yao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zheng
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinqi Zhou
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jialin Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Meina Fu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Keshuang Li
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Deniz Vatansever
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Keith M Kendrick
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Benjamin Becker
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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Bjork JM, Keyser-Marcus L, Vassileva J, Ramey T, Houghton DC, Moeller FG. Social Information Processing in Substance Use Disorders: Insights From an Emotional Go-Nogo Task. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:672488. [PMID: 34122188 PMCID: PMC8193089 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.672488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Positive social connections are crucial for recovery from Substance Use Disorder (SUD). Of interest is understanding potential social information processing (SIP) mediators of this effect. To explore whether persons with different SUD show idiosyncratic biases toward social signals, we administered an emotional go-nogo task (EGNG) to 31 individuals with Cocaine Use Disorder (CoUD), 31 with Cannabis Use Disorder (CaUD), 79 with Opioid Use Disorder (OUD), and 58 controls. Participants were instructed to respond to emotional faces (Fear/Happy) but withhold responses to expressionless faces in two task blocks, with the reverse instruction in the other two blocks. Emotional faces as non-targets elicited more "false alarm" (FA) commission errors as a main effect. Groups did not differ in overall rates of hits (correct responses to target faces), but participants with CaUD and CoUD showed reduced rates of hits (relative to controls) when expressionless faces were targets. OUD participants had worse hit rates [and slower reaction times (RT)] when fearful faces (but not happy faces) were targets. CaUD participants were most affected by instruction effects (respond/"go" vs withhold response/"no-go" to emotional face) on discriminability statistic A. Participants were faster to respond to happy face targets than to expressionless faces. However, this pattern was reversed in fearful face blocks in OUD and CoUD participants. This experiment replicated previous findings of the greater salience of expressive face images, and extends this finding to SUD, where persons with CaUD may show even greater bias toward emotional faces. Conversely, OUD participants showed idiosyncratic behavior in response to fearful faces suggestive of increased attentional disruption by fear. These data suggest a mechanism by which positive social signals may contribute to recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M. Bjork
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Lori Keyser-Marcus
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Jasmin Vassileva
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Tatiana Ramey
- Division of Therapeutics and Medical Consequences, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - David C. Houghton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - F. Gerard Moeller
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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Fiori M, Udayar S, Vesely Maillefer A. Emotion information processing as a new component of emotional intelligence: Theoretical framework and empirical evidence. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/08902070211007672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and emotion information processing (EIP) has received surprisingly little attention in the literature. The present research addresses these gaps in the literature by introducing a conceptualization of emotional intelligence as composed of two distinct components: (1) EIK or emotion Knowledge component, captured by current ability emotional intelligence tests, related to top-down, higher order reasoning about emotions, and which depends more strongly on acquired and culture-bound knowledge about emotions; (2) EIP or emotion information Processing component, measured with emotion information processing tasks, requires faster processing and is based on bottom-up attention-related responses to emotion information. In Study 1 ( N = 349) we tested the factorial structure of this new EIP component within the nomological network of intelligence and current ability emotional intelligence. In Study 2 ( N =111) we tested the incremental validity of EIP in predicting both overall performance and the charisma of a presenter while presenting in a stressful situation. Results support the importance of acknowledging the role of emotion information processing in the emotional intelligence literature and point to the utility of introducing a new EI measure that would capture stable individual differences in how individuals process emotion information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Fiori
- Swiss Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training (SFIVET), Research and Development Division, Zollikofen, Switzerland
- Department of Organizational Behavior, Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shagini Udayar
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ashley Vesely Maillefer
- Department of Organizational Behavior, Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Grupe DW, McGehee C, Smith C, Francis AD, Mumford JA, Davidson RJ. Mindfulness training reduces PTSD symptoms and improves stress-related health outcomes in police officers. JOURNAL OF POLICE AND CRIMINAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 36:72-85. [PMID: 33737763 PMCID: PMC7963215 DOI: 10.1007/s11896-019-09351-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Law enforcement officers are regularly exposed directly and indirectly to a wide variety of traumatic stressors, which take place against a backdrop of high levels of organizational stressors. Consequently, this group is at elevated risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other negative physical and mental health outcomes, yet there are few empirically supported interventions to proactively mitigate the effects of occupational stress for this population. Recent studies suggest that training in mindfulness meditation may reduce perceived stress and improve related physical and mental health outcomes in this group. We sought to demonstrate feasibility, acceptability, and adherence for an 8-week mindfulness training program in 30 officers from a mid-sized, Midwestern U.S. police department, replicate findings of improved stress-related health outcomes, and provide novel evidence for reduced PTSD symptoms. All 30 officers completed the training, with high rates of class attendance, substantial out-of-class practice time, and good acceptability of the training and teachers. We replicated findings of reduced post-training perceived stress, sleep disturbances, anxiety, and burnout. We also identified novel evidence for reduced PTSD symptoms that persisted at a 5-month follow-up assessment. These results indicate key targets for future investigation in larger, mechanistic, randomized controlled trials of mindfulness training in police officers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Grupe
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Chad McGehee
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | | | | | | | - Richard J Davidson
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison
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Marchner JR, Preuschhof C. The influence of associative reward learning on motor inhibition. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2021; 86:125-140. [PMID: 33595706 PMCID: PMC8821474 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-021-01485-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli that predict a rewarding outcome can cause difficulties to inhibit unfavourable behaviour. Research suggests that this is also the case for stimuli with a history of reward extending these effects on action control to situations, where reward is no longer accessible. We expand this line of research by investigating if previously reward-predictive stimuli promote behavioural activation and impair motor inhibition in a second unrelated task. In two experiments participants were trained to associate colours with a monetary reward or neutral feedback. Afterwards participants performed a cued go/no-go task, where cues appeared in the colours previously associated with feedback during training. In both experiments training resulted in faster responses in rewarded trials providing evidence of a value-driven response bias as long as reward was accessible. However, stimuli with a history of reward did not interfere with goal-directed action and inhibition in a subsequent task after removal of the reward incentives. While the first experiment was not conclusive regarding an impact of reward-associated cues on response inhibition, the second experiment, validated by Bayesian statistics, clearly questioned an effect of reward history on inhibitory control. This stands in contrast to earlier findings suggesting that the effect of reward history on subsequent action control is not as consistent as previously assumed. Our results show that participants are able to overcome influences from Pavlovian learning in a simple inhibition task. We discuss our findings with respect to features of the experimental design which may help or complicate overcoming behavioural biases induced by reward history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Rebecca Marchner
- Department of Clinical Developmental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Universitätsplatz 2, Gebäude 24, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Preuschhof
- Department of Clinical Developmental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Universitätsplatz 2, Gebäude 24, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
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