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Zhang D, You Y, Cai L, Zhang W, Zhang K, Wu Y. The Relationship Between Family Communication and Adolescent Problematic Internet Use: The Chain Mediation Effects of Loneliness and Depression. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:4263-4280. [PMID: 39691582 PMCID: PMC11651063 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s486192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 11/04/2024] [Indexed: 12/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Problematic internet use (PIU) is a significant issue during adolescence. It is recognized as a condition for further study in the DSM-5 and may also be a consequence of underlying psychopathologies, as suggested by previous studies. Poor family communication is an important predictor of adolescent PIU. However, it remains unclear how family communication impacts adolescent PIU from the perspective of underlying psychopathologies. This study tested the chain mediating effect of loneliness and depression as well as the moderating effect of developmental stage in this chain mediation model to uncover the mechanisms underlying this association. Methods This cross-sectional study recruited a total of 1,377 participants (53% male) from 23 provinces across China, all aged 12 to 17. Family communication was assessed using the FCS-10, which measures aspects such as openness, emotional expression, and problem-solving abilities within family interactions. PIU was assessed using the PIUQ-SF-6, loneliness was measured by the T-ILS, and depression was assessed using the PHQ-9. The chain mediating effects were tested using bias-corrected percentile bootstrap (sample = 5000). Results The results indicated that (a) poor family communication was positively associated with adolescent PIU; (b) loneliness and depression mediated the link between family communication and adolescent PIU; (c) loneliness and depression sequentially mediated the link between family communication and adolescent PIU; (d) the developmental stage of adolescence (early vs late) moderated the relationship between depression and PIU in the chain mediation model. Conclusion This study reveals that depression, as a potential underlying psychopathology, may precede PIU. It also establishes a link between family communication and PIU, showing that loneliness resulting from poor family communication contributes to the development of depression in adolescents. The connection between depression and PIU is particularly pronounced in late adolescence. These findings highlight the importance of addressing underlying psychopathologies when screening and treating adolescent PIU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Zhang
- College of Media and International Culture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan You
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King’s College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Lin Cai
- School of Chinese National Community, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
- School of Marxism, Sichuan Institute of Industrial Technology, Deyang, 618500, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Health Promotion and Education Center (Shandong Traditional Chinese Medicine Promotion and Communication Center), Jinan City, Shandong Province, 250002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongying People’s Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, 257091, People’s Republic of China
- Ruiyang Pharmaceutical Company Limited Postdoctoral Research Workstation, Zibo, Shandong, 256100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yibo Wu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
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Calaresi D, Verrastro V, Giordano F, Gullo J, Saladino V. Pathways from Family Functioning to Internet Gaming Disorder: The Mediating Role of the Dark Triad. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:668. [PMID: 39199064 PMCID: PMC11351131 DOI: 10.3390/bs14080668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
With internet gaming disorder (IGD) becoming more common, there are growing worries about the health of those it affects. This study examines how traits like Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism might connect family functioning to IGD. The research involved 1190 young adults who answered an online survey, sharing their personal experiences. To examine the mediation effects, latent variable structural equation modeling (SEM) was used, revealing complex relationships among the variables under investigation. Although all direct and indirect paths were statistically significant, the mediation effects of narcissism were positive only when Machiavellianism and psychopathy were not included as parallel mediators, but negative otherwise. The findings suggest that individuals with strong family functioning could be less likely to internalize manipulative behaviors and show a lack of empathy, traits that could contribute to their involvement in IGD. The results underscore the importance of recognizing the multifaceted nature of this phenomenon and provide valuable insights for developing comprehensive strategies to prevent and tackle IGD. Therefore, prevention and intervention efforts should consider the combined influences of family functioning, personality traits, and individual and contextual factors in the online environment to effectively address this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Calaresi
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (D.C.); (J.G.); (V.S.)
| | - Valeria Verrastro
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (D.C.); (J.G.); (V.S.)
| | - Fiorenza Giordano
- Department of Human, Social and Health Sciences, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, 03043 Cassino, Italy;
| | - Janine Gullo
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (D.C.); (J.G.); (V.S.)
| | - Valeria Saladino
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (D.C.); (J.G.); (V.S.)
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Lochner C, van den Berg G, Chamberlain SR, Marincowitz C, Coetzee B. Family functioning and problematic usage of the internet in youth: A cross-sectional investigation. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 173:239-244. [PMID: 38554619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Problematic usage of the internet (PUI) refers to maladaptive use of the Internet linked to functional impairment as a growing concern in many countries. Youths are often considered more vulnerable to PUI than other age groups. The relationship between PUI and family dynamics is likely bidirectional and complex, warranting further research. Using a cross-sectional study design, we aimed to determine the rate of PUI and the association between PUI and family functioning in a South African sample between the ages of 18 and 30 years. METHODS South African youths were recruited via email and social media. Respondents completed an online survey as part of a cross-sectional study to assess the extent and the types of activities for which they use the internet, as well as the quality of their family relationships and functioning, employing standardised questionnaires (including the IAT-10) and the General Functioning Scale of the Family Assessment Device (GF-FAD). The sample included 814 participants (65% female; aged 21 years; SD 3 years). RESULTS 15.5% of our sample presented with PUI. There was a significant, moderate positive correlation between totals on the IAT-10 and GF-FAD (r = 0.33, p < .001). An independent samples t-test found that individuals with self-reported PUI (GF-FAD: M = 2.57, SD = 0.51) had significantly poorer quality family functioning than individuals without PUI (GF-FAD: M = 2.13, SD = 0.61; t (812) = -7.52, p < .001; Cohen's d = -0.73, 95% CI [-0.92, -0.54]). Correlations were found between increased time spent on various online activities, including pornography (r = 0.20, p < 0.001), cyberbullying (r = 0.17, p < 0.001), social networking (r = 0.11, p = 0.003), and streaming media (r = 0.11, p = 0.003), and poorer quality family functioning. CONCLUSION PUI is common in South African youth. Presence of PUI and increased PUI severity were associated with worse family functioning in this sample. We recommend using family-based approaches in promoting a healthy family environment, and in the prevention of PUI and mitigation of its effects, with the goal of striking a balance between the benefits of the internet and its potential role in compromising aspects of family relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Lochner
- SA MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa.
| | - Gizela van den Berg
- SA MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Samuel R Chamberlain
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Clara Marincowitz
- SA MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Bronwyne Coetzee
- Department of Psychology, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Gori A, Topino E, Griffiths MD. Family Functioning Styles and Exercise Addiction: Disengaged, Enmeshed, and Rigid Family Patterns Are Associated with Exercise Addiction. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2024; 14:148-163. [PMID: 38248130 PMCID: PMC10814248 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe14010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise is a widely recommended practice for promoting health, but for some individuals, this activity can result in pathological and morbid behaviour. Therefore, the study of the factors contributing to the onset, development, and progression of exercise addiction is particularly relevant. Within this framework, the present study assessed the effect of family functioning, body image concerns, age, and gender on exercise addiction. A sample of 300 regular exercisers (Mage = 30.3 years, SD = 11.6; 69.7% females, 30.3% males) participated in the study and completed the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales-IV, Body Image Concern Inventory, and Exercise Addiction Inventory. Data were analysed by implementing a series of moderated moderated-mediations. Results showed that three significant models were relevant. First, positive associations of disengaged (p < 0.05), enmeshed (p < 0.05), and rigid (p < 0.01) family functioning with exercise addiction were found. Furthermore, body image concerns mediated all these relationships, and the interaction between gender and age significantly moderated the effects of body image concerns on exercise addiction (p < 0.05). Such data may be useful for a deeper understanding of the variables associated with the development of exercise addiction, suggesting key elements on which it might be useful to focus in clinical and/or preventive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Gori
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Via di San Salvi 12, Pad. 26, 50135 Florence, Italy
| | - Eleonora Topino
- Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University of Rome, Via della Traspontina 21, 00193 Rome, Italy;
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK;
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Monteiro F, Simões M, Relva IC. Internet Addiction, Sleep Habits and Family Communication: The Perspectives of a Sample of Adolescents. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:3194. [PMID: 38132084 PMCID: PMC10742625 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11243194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the increase in communication technologies, the internet has become an indispensable tool in the life of the individual. Several studies report on the advantages of this resource; however, there is still a group of individuals who use the internet excessively. The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between internet addiction, daytime sleepiness, and family communication in adolescents. METHODS A total of 340 adolescents aged between 12 and 17 years participated in this study. All completed the sociodemographic questionnaire, the internet addiction test, the pediatric daytime sleepiness scale, and the family communication scale. RESULTS The results indicate that 64.1% of the adolescents had mild to moderate addiction to the internet. The main results suggest that internet addiction in adolescents is negatively associated with family communication and positively associated with excessive daytime sleepiness. It was also observed that gender had a significant effect on daytime sleepiness, with female participants having more excessive daytime sleepiness. Regarding age, the results indicate higher values of internet addiction among younger adolescents. CONCLUSIONS In view of the above, it is considered important to develop preventive actions with a view to healthy family communication, with the adoption of sleep hygiene habits and the promotion of healthy use of the internet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Monteiro
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (F.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Margarida Simões
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (F.M.); (M.S.)
- Centre for Research and Intervention in Education (CIIE), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Carvalho Relva
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (F.M.); (M.S.)
- Centre for Research and Intervention in Education (CIIE), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Carone N, Benzi IMA, Muzi L, Parolin LAL, Fontana A. Problematic internet use in emerging adulthood to escape from maternal helicopter parenting: defensive functioning as a mediating mechanism. RESEARCH IN PSYCHOTHERAPY (MILANO) 2023; 26. [PMID: 37946531 DOI: 10.4081/ripppo.2023.693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of the Internet has raised concerns about its problematic use, particularly among emerging adults who grew up in a highly digitalized world. Helicopter parenting, characterized by excessive involvement, overcontrol, and developmentally inappropriate behavior, has been identified as a potential factor contributing to problematic Internet use (PIU). Under these circumstances, considering that emerging adults navigate their adult lives and strive to reduce their sense of being in-between, implicit emotion regulation strategies, such as defense mechanisms, may help comprehend PIU. The present questionnaire-based study investigated the associations between maternal and paternal helicopter parenting and PIU through defensive functioning among a community sample of 401 cisgender emerging adults (71.82% females; 82.04% heterosexuals; Mage=24.85, SD=2.52) living in Italy. About one-fourth (25.19%) reported PIU. Greater maternal, B=0.904, SE=0.235, p<.001, but not paternal, B=0.343, SE=0.188, p=.068, helicopter parenting was significantly associated with PIU through a less mature defensive functioning. Conversely, neither maternal, B=1.158, SE=0.722, p=.109, nor paternal, B=0.355, SE=0.731, p=.628, helicopter parenting had a direct association with PIU. The results suggest the importance for psychotherapists to incorporate individuals' defense mechanisms and parent-child relationship history when designing tailored interventions for effective treatment of PIU. This emphasis is crucial because, in the context of a developmentally appropriate parenting style, relying on more mature defenses after psychotherapeutic intervention can lead to healthier adjustment among emerging adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Carone
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia.
| | | | - Laura Muzi
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences, Humanities and Education, University of Perugia.
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Chemnad K, Aziz M, Abdelmoneium AO, Al-Harahsheh S, Baghdady A, Al Motawaa FY, Alsayed Hassan D, Ali R. Adolescents' Internet addiction: Does it all begin with their environment? Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:87. [PMID: 37403108 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00626-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This is one of the few studies that examines adolescent Internet addiction (IA) among Middle Eastern population. The purpose of this study is to determine whether adolescents' family and school environments play a role in their Internet Addiction. METHODS We conduced a survey that included 479 adolescents in Qatar. The survey collected demographic data, the Internet Addiction Diagnostic Questionnaire (IADQ), the Brief Family Relationship Scale (BFRS) and questions from the WHO Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey that assess school environment, academic performance, teacher support, and peer support of the adolescents. Factorial analysis, multiple regression, and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Family environment and school environment were negative and significant predictors of adolescent Internet addiction. The prevalence rate was 29.64%. CONCLUSION Results imply that interventions and digital parenting programs should not only target adolescents, but also include entities in the developmental environment of adolescents, i.e. their family and school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khansa Chemnad
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Maryam Aziz
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Ahmed Baghdady
- World Innovation Summit for Education, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Diana Alsayed Hassan
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Raian Ali
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
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Eid E, Fekih-Romdhane F, Sarray El Dine A, Malaeb D, Hallit S, Obeid S. Does Problematic Use of Social Network Mediate the Association between Bullying Victimization and Loneliness among Lebanese Adolescents? CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10030599. [PMID: 36980157 PMCID: PMC10046980 DOI: 10.3390/children10030599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Bullying victimization has been associated with several behavioral outcomes, particularly loneliness. Similarly, an increase in social network use has been identified in recent years, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, and has been shown to be associated with bullying and loneliness. Investigating the mediating factors of loneliness among bullied adolescents is useful for taking preventive measures in the Lebanese population. This study aims to examine the association between bullying victimization and loneliness among Lebanese adolescents while considering the indirect effect of problematic social network use. (2) Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study, between January and April 2022, that enrolled 379 adolescent Lebanese students (64.9% females, mean age 16.07 ± 1.19 years) who were current residents of Lebanon (15 to 18 years), and were from the five governorates of Lebanon (Beirut, Mount Lebanon, North, South and Bekaa). The snowball method was applied to select our sample; an electronic copy of the questionnaire was created using the Google Forms software and an online strategy was designed to collect the data. (3) Results: Negative social comparison and addictive consequences of problematic use of social network mediated the association between bullying victimization and loneliness. Higher bullying victimization was significantly associated with higher negative social comparison and addictive consequences of problematic use of social network, which in turn were significantly associated with more loneliness. Finally, higher bullying victimization was directly significantly associated with more loneliness. (4) Conclusions: Studying the mediating factors of loneliness in bullied adolescents can improve our understanding of this topic, allowing us to propose new interventions to prevent psychological problems in adolescents. Future studies are needed to further clarify the physiological processes that underlie the associations between social triggers and loneliness during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Eid
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib P.O. Box 60096, Lebanon
| | - Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
- Department of Psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Razi Hospital, Manouba 2010, Tunisia
| | - Abir Sarray El Dine
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Mazraa, Beirut P.O. Box 146404, Lebanon
| | - Diana Malaeb
- School of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman P.O. Box 4184, United Arab Emirates
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Mazraa, Beirut P.O. Box 146404, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib P.O. Box 60096, Lebanon
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh P.O. Box 446, Lebanon
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11937, Jordan
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Social and Education Sciences Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Jbeil P.O. Box 36, Lebanon
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Tatlı C, Ergin DA. Multigroup analysis of the relationship loneliness, fear of missing out, problematic internet usage and peer perception in gifted and normally developing adolescents. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 42:2325-2334. [PMID: 35915775 PMCID: PMC9330965 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03384-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined the effects of Internet usage characteristics and peer perception on loneliness. The mediating role of Internet usage characteristics was examined in the relationship between loneliness and peer perception. The sample included 661 Turkish adolescents (Ngirls =379, 57.34%; Ngifted= 211, 31.92%) aged 11-18 years. Structural equation model analyzes were conducted to test the hypothesis model across the group. Moreover, multigroup structural model was conducted to test the differences of the relationships across gifted and normally developing adolescents. The results of the structural model showed that Internet use characteristics did not have a mediating role in the relationship between adolescents' peer perception and loneliness. On the other hand, problematic Internet use had a full mediator role in the relationship between fear of missing out and loneliness. The results of the multigroup structural model emphasized the similar effects between the research variables in gifted and normally developing adolescents. The results were discussed with the effects of Internet use characteristics and peer perception on loneliness. We also pointed out that gifted and normally developing adolescents have similar social and technological outcomes and that these outcomes influence mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemre Tatlı
- grid.440437.00000 0004 0399 3159Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Derya Atalan Ergin
- grid.465997.00000 0004 9333 5423Department of Psychology, Cappadocia University, Nevşehir, Turkey
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Troisi G, Parola A, Margherita G. Italian Validation of AAS-R: Assessing Psychometric Properties of Adult Attachment Scale—Revised in the Italian Context. PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES 2022; 67:605-613. [PMCID: PMC9663173 DOI: 10.1007/s12646-022-00672-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gina Troisi
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, Via Porta di Massa, 1, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Parola
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, Via Porta di Massa, 1, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgia Margherita
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, Via Porta di Massa, 1, 80133 Naples, Italy
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Paulus FW, Joas J, Gerstner I, Kühn A, Wenning M, Gehrke T, Burckhart H, Richter U, Nonnenmacher A, Zemlin M, Lücke T, Brinkmann F, Rothoeft T, Lehr T, Möhler E. Problematic Internet Use among Adolescents 18 Months after the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:1724. [PMID: 36360452 PMCID: PMC9689314 DOI: 10.3390/children9111724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Studies in recent years and especially since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic have shown a significant increase in the problematic use of computer games and social media. Adolescents having difficulties in regulating their unpleasant emotions are especially prone to Problematic Internet Use (PIU), which is why emotion dysregulation has been considered a risk factor for PIU. The aim of the present study was to assess problematic internet use (PIU) in adolescents after the third wave (nearly 1.5 years after the onset in Europe) of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the German region of Siegen-Wittgenstein, all students 12 years and older from secondary-level schools, vocational schools and universities were offered a prioritized vaccination in August 2021 with an approved vaccine against COVID-19. In this context, the participants filled out the Short Compulsive Internet Use Scale (SCIUS) and two additional items to capture a possible change in digital media usage time and regulation of negative affect due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A multiple regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of PIU. The original sample consisted of 1477 participants, and after excluding invalid cases the final sample size amounted to 1268 adolescents aged 12-17 (x = 14.37 years, SD = 1.64). The average prevalence of PIU was 43.69%. Gender, age, digital media usage time and the intensity of negative emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic were all found to be significant predictors of PIU: female gender, increasing age, longer digital media usage time and higher intensity of negative emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with higher SCIUS total scores. This study found a very high prevalence of PIU among 12- to 17-year-olds for the period after the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has increased significantly compared to pre-pandemic prevalence rates. PIU is emerging as a serious problem among young people in the pandemic. Besides gender and age, pandemic-associated time of digital media use and emotion regulation have an impact on PIU, which provides starting points for preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank W. Paulus
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Saarland University Hospital, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Jens Joas
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Saarland University Hospital, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Ida Gerstner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Saarland University Hospital, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Anna Kühn
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Markus Wenning
- Medical Association, Westfalen-Lippe, 48151 Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Gehrke
- Medical Association, Westfalen-Lippe, 48151 Münster, Germany
- Vaccination Center, 57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - Holger Burckhart
- School of Education and Psychology, Siegen University, 57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - Ulf Richter
- School of Education and Psychology, Siegen University, 57072 Siegen, Germany
| | | | - Michael Zemlin
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Hospital, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Lücke
- Medical Association, Westfalen-Lippe, 48151 Münster, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruhr University, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Folke Brinkmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruhr University, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Tobias Rothoeft
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruhr University, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Thorsten Lehr
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Eva Möhler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Saarland University Hospital, 66421 Homburg, Germany
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Hanke S, Brecht L, Petersen K, Barth GM, Renner T, Batra A, Brandhorst I. Vorbereitung eines Onlinetrainings für Eltern von Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen mit Internetnutzungsstörungen. KINDHEIT UND ENTWICKLUNG 2022. [DOI: 10.1026/0942-5403/a000393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Eltern von Jugendlichen oder jungen Erwachsenen mit Internetnutzungsstörungen (INS), im Speziellen Computerspielstörungen (CSS) und Soziale Netzwerknutzungsstörungen (SNS), können auf die Symptomatik ihrer Kinder Einfluss nehmen. E-Mental-Health Angebote fehlen für diese Zielgruppe jedoch. Fragestellung: Welche Bedarfe haben Eltern, die die Internetnutzung ihres Kindes als problematisch betrachten, an ein Onlinetraining? Methode: 217 Elternteile wurden online befragt. Der Fragebogen enthielt die Compulsive Internet Use Scale in einer Elternperspektive, Fragen zu den Bedarfen an ein Onlinetraining (z. B. Umfang, Dauer, Kontaktmöglichkeit) und zur eigenen Belastung durch die Problematik des Kindes. Ergebnisse: 57 % der Eltern äußerten Interesse an einem Onlinetraining. 82 % gaben an, dass persönlicher digitaler Kontakt in einem solchen Training für sie wichtig sei. Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung: Da viele der befragten Eltern Interesse an einem Onlinetraining zeigten, wurde ein solches entwickelt, dessen Umrisse in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt werden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hanke
- Abteilung Allgemeine Psychiatrie, Sektion Suchtmedizin und Suchtforschung, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - Lara Brecht
- Abteilung Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie im Kindes- und Jugendalter, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - Kay Petersen
- Abteilung Allgemeine Psychiatrie, Sektion Suchtmedizin und Suchtforschung, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - Gottfried M. Barth
- Abteilung Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie im Kindes- und Jugendalter, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - Tobias Renner
- Abteilung Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie im Kindes- und Jugendalter, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - Anil Batra
- Abteilung Allgemeine Psychiatrie, Sektion Suchtmedizin und Suchtforschung, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - Isabel Brandhorst
- Abteilung Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie im Kindes- und Jugendalter, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Deutschland
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13
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Zhu Y, Deng L, Wan K. The association between parent-child relationship and problematic internet use among English- and Chinese-language studies: A meta-analysis. Front Psychol 2022; 13:885819. [PMID: 36110283 PMCID: PMC9469099 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.885819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
As past studies of the association between parent-child relationship and problematic internet use show mixed results and are influenced by many factors, this meta-analysis of 75 primary Chinese and English language studies from 1990 to 2021 with 110,601 participants (aged 6−25 years) explored (a) the overall association between parent-child relationship and problematic internet use, and (b) whether the association is affected by their types, country, measures, objects of the parent-child relationship, gender, age, year and publication types. We used funnel plots, Classic fail-safe N and Egger's test to test for publication bias and for moderation with the homogeneity tests. The results showed a negative association between quality of parent-child relationship and problematic internet use (r = −0.18, 95% CI = [−0.20, −0.15]). The moderation analysis found that compared with internet addiction tendency, the association between social media addiction and parent-child relationship was stronger. Moreover, the association between the parent-child relationship and problematic internet use of emerging adults (18–25 years old) was stronger than that of adolescents (12−18 years old). Furthermore, the negative association between parent-child relationship and problematic internet use was weaker (a) in Italy than those in Turkey and China, (b) when using CPS (Closeness to Parents Scale), IPPA (Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment), or PARQ (Parent-Child Relationship Questionnaire) measuring parent-child relationship than using PCCS (Parent-Child Communication Scale), (c) when using IAT measuring problematic internet use rather than using IGDS or APIUS. Hence, these results indicate a negative association between parent-child relationships and problematic internet use, and the association is moderated by types of problematic internet use, age, country, scales of both parent-child relationship and problematic internet use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Zhu
- Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Nanhai Middle School of Nanshan Experimental Educational Group, Shenzhen, China
| | - Linyuan Deng
- Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Linyuan Deng
| | - Kun Wan
- Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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14
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Dou K, Feng XK, Wang LX, Li JB. Longitudinal association between parental involvement and internet gaming disorder among Chinese adolescents: Consideration of future consequences as a mediator and peer victimization as a moderator. J Behav Addict 2022; 11:820-830. [PMID: 35994364 PMCID: PMC9872523 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2022.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Internet gaming disorder (IGD) in adolescents is a concerning issue. Positive parenting has been found to protect against adolescent IGD, but the underlying mechanisms await further investigation. As such, this study examined the longitudinal association between parental involvement (PI) - a specific type of positive parenting understudied in the literature of adolescent gaming disorder - and IGD. Moreover, this study also tested consideration of future consequences (CFC) as a mediator and peer victimization (PV) as a moderator. METHODS A two-wave longitudinal research spanning 6 months apart was conducted. Participants were Chinese adolescents (final N = 434; 222 females; Mage = 14.44 years, SD = 1.56). They provided ratings on PI, PV, and IGD at Wave 1, and CFC-immediate, CFC-future, and IGD at Wave 2. RESULTS Descriptive statistics showed that the prevalence rate of IGD was 10.81% and 9.45% at Waves 1 and 2, respectively. Moreover, results of moderated mediation model found that after controlling for Wave 1 IGD and covariates, Wave 1 PI was associated with Wave 2 IGD via preventing adolescents who had higher levels of PV from developing a tendence of CFC-immediate and via promoting adolescents who had lower levels of PV to develop a tendence of CFC-future. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these results suggest that facilitative ecological systems (e.g., positive parenting and good relationships with peers) and personal strengths (e.g., positive future orientation) jointly contribute to the mitigation of adolescent IGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Dou
- Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Ke Feng
- Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin-Xin Wang
- Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Bin Li
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China,Center for Child and Family Science, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China,Corresponding author. E-mail:
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15
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Gan X, Xiang GX, Jin X, Zhu CS, Yu CF. How Does Family Dysfunction Influence Internet Gaming Disorder? Testing a Moderated Serial Mediation Model Among Chinese Adolescents. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00895-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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16
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The Relationship between Attachment Styles and Compulsive Online Shopping: The Mediating Roles of Family Functioning Patterns. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19138162. [PMID: 35805821 PMCID: PMC9266044 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19138162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The rapid expansion of e-commerce has made the buying experience faster, potentially anonymous, and without limits of space and time. While this may produce benefits, for some individuals, online shopping can become an addiction. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the psychological factors that may be associated with Compulsive Online Shopping, with a specific focus on the role of Attachment Styles and Family Functioning patterns as risk or protective factors. The study involved a sample of 306 participants (Mage = 31.86 years, SD = 11.925) who filled out an online survey consisting of the Compulsive Online Shopping Scale, Relationship Questionnaire, Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales-IV, as well as a demographic questionnaire. The results showed two significant parallel mediation models. In the first one, Secure Attachment was negatively and significantly related to Compulsive Online Shopping, with the mediation of Cohesion and Enmeshed Family Functioning. In the second one, Fearful Attachment was positively and significantly related to Compulsive Online Shopping, with the mediation of Cohesion and Enmeshed Family Functioning. Important implications for preventive activity and tailored interventions may emerge from these data.
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17
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Gao Q, Zheng H, Sun R, Lu S. Parent-adolescent relationships, peer relationships, and adolescent mobile phone addiction: The mediating role of psychological needs satisfaction. Addict Behav 2022; 129:107260. [PMID: 35151093 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prior studies have shown that parent-adolescent relationships and peer relationships may be important factors associated with adolescent mobile phone addiction (MPA). The present study aims to further explore the direct effects of parent-adolescent and peer relationships on adolescent MPA as well as the indirect effects through the mediating roles of autonomy, competence, and relatedness needs satisfaction. METHODS Our sample consisted of 1766 Chinese adolescents (53.10% male; Mage = 13.33, SD = 1.94, range from 10 to 18 years) who completed questionnaires regarding parent-adolescent relationships, peer relationships, psychological needs satisfaction, and MPA. SPSS 24.0 was used to analyze correlations among variables and Mplus 7.4 was used to test the structural equation model in this study. RESULTS (1) positive parent-adolescent relationships were negatively associated with adolescent MPA, while peer relationships did not show a significant association with MPA; (2) autonomy and competence needs satisfaction significantly mediated the effects of parent-adolescent and peer relationships on MPA, while the mediating role of relatedness need satisfaction between parent-adolescent and peer relationships and MPA was not significant; (3) the mediating effect of competence need satisfaction between peer relationships and MPA was significantly stronger than that between parent-adolescent relationships and MPA. CONCLUSIONS This study explored the different mechanisms by which parent-adolescent and peer relationships influence adolescent MPA. These discoveries may contribute to intervention and prevention programs for adolescent MPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiufeng Gao
- Department of Sociology, School of Government, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haiyan Zheng
- Department of Sociology, School of Government, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruimei Sun
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China; Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China.
| | - Sihan Lu
- Department of Sociology, School of Government, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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18
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Lopez-Fernandez O, Romo L, Kern L, Rousseau A, Graziani P, Rochat L, Achab S, Zullino D, Landrø NI, Zacarés JJ, Serra E, Chóliz M, Pontes HM, Griffiths MD, Kuss DJ. Perceptions Underlying Addictive Technology Use Patterns: Insights for Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19010544. [PMID: 35010804 PMCID: PMC8744933 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is considered the 'gold standard' in the treatment of addictive disorders related to excessive technology use. However, the cognitive components of problematic internet use are not yet well-known. The aim of the present study was to explore the cognitive components, that according to problematic users, can lead to potential internet addiction. A total of 854 European adults completed an online survey using a mixed-methods design. Internet problems and attachment styles were assessed, prevalence rates estimated, correlations, chi-squared automatic interaction detection, and content analysis were performed. Self-reported addictions to social networking, internet, and gaming had a prevalence between 1.2% (gaming) to 2.7% (social networking). Self-perception of the addiction problem and preoccupied attachment style were discriminative factors for internet addiction. In an analysis of qualitative responses from self-identified compulsive internet users, a sense of not belonging and feeling of disconnection during life events were perceived as causes for internet addiction. The development depended on a cycle of mixed feelings associated with negative thoughts, compensated by a positive online identity. The severity of this behaviour pattern produced significant impairment in various areas of the participants' functioning, suggesting a possible addiction problem. It is suggested that health professionals administering CBT should target unhealthy preoccupations and monitor mixed feelings and thoughts related to internet use to support coping with cognitive distortions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olatz Lopez-Fernandez
- Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital Health Research Institute, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Avda. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Lucia Romo
- CLInique PSYchanalyse Développement (CLIPSYD—EA4430), Université Paris Nanterre, 200 Av. de la République, 92000 Nanterre, France;
- Hôpital Universitaire Raymond Poincaré, AP-HP Garches, CESP, U1018 INSERM UPS UVSQ 2, 104 Bd Raymond Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France
| | - Laurence Kern
- EA 2931, Centre de Recherches sur le Sport et le Mouvement (CESRM), Université Paris Nanterre, 200 Av. de la République, 92000 Nanterre, France;
| | - Amélie Rousseau
- Psychology Department, Centre d’Etudes et Recherches en Psychopathologie et Psychologie de la Santé (EA7411), Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, 5 All. Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse, France;
- Laboratoie VCR, Ecole de Psychologues Praticiens de l’Institut Catholique de Paris, 71, Rue Molière, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Pierluigi Graziani
- LPS EA 849, Aix-Marseille University, Jardin du Pharo, 58 Boulevard Charles Livon, 13007 Marseille, France;
- Psychologie, Langues, Lettres et Histoire Département, University of Nîmes, Rue de Docteur Georges Salang Cs 13019, 30021 Nîmes, France
| | - Lucien Rochat
- Specialized Facility in Behavioral Addiction ReConnecte, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Sophia Achab
- Psychological and Sociological Research and Training Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, 24 Rue du Général-Dufour, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (S.A.); (D.Z.)
- Outpatient Treatment Unit for Addictive Behaviors ReConnecte, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniele Zullino
- Psychological and Sociological Research and Training Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, 24 Rue du Général-Dufour, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (S.A.); (D.Z.)
- Outpatient Treatment Unit for Addictive Behaviors ReConnecte, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nils Inge Landrø
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Forskningsveien 3A, 0373 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Juan José Zacarés
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Valencia, Av. de Blasco Ibáñez, 13, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.J.Z.); (E.S.)
| | - Emilia Serra
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Valencia, Av. de Blasco Ibáñez, 13, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.J.Z.); (E.S.)
| | - Mariano Chóliz
- Department of Basic Psychology, University of Valencia, Av. de Blasco Ibáñez, 13, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Halley M. Pontes
- Department of Organizational Psychology, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet St, London WC1E 7HX, UK;
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Cyberpsychology Research Group, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK; (M.D.G.); (D.J.K.)
| | - Daria J. Kuss
- International Gaming Research Unit, Cyberpsychology Research Group, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK; (M.D.G.); (D.J.K.)
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Topino E, Gori A, Cacioppo M. Alexithymia, Dissociation, and Family Functioning in a Sample of Online Gamblers: A Moderated Mediation Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:13291. [PMID: 34948900 PMCID: PMC8707594 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The diffusion of the internet and technological progress have made gambling on online platforms possible, also making it more anonymous, convenient, and available, increasing the risk of pathological outcomes for vulnerable individuals. Given this context, the present study explores the role of some protective and risk factors for problematic gambling in online gamblers by focusing on the interaction between alexithymia, dissociation, and family functioning. A sample of 193 online gamblers (Mage = 28.8 years, SD = 10.59; 17% females, 83% males) completed the South Oaks Gambling Screen, Twenty-Items Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Dissociative Experience Scale-II, and Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales-IV through an online survey. MANOVA, ANOVA and moderated mediation analyses were carried out to analyse the data. Significant differences in cohesive family functioning, alexithymia and dissociation have been found between online gamblers with problematic, at-risk or absent levels of gambling disease. Furthermore, the results showed a significant and positive association between alexithymia and problematic online gambling, partially mediated by dissociation, with the moderation of cohesive family functioning. Such data may have relevant clinical implications, highlighting the interaction of some core personal and environmental variables that may be involved in the etiology of online pathological gambling and could be kept in mind to tailor preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Topino
- Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University of Rome, Via della Traspontina 21, 00193 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessio Gori
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Via di San Salvi 12, Pad. 26, 50135 Florence, Italy;
| | - Marco Cacioppo
- Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University of Rome, Via della Traspontina 21, 00193 Rome, Italy;
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20
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Internet Addiction: The Role of Parental Care and Mental Health in Adolescence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182412876. [PMID: 34948485 PMCID: PMC8700934 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182412876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Internet addiction in adolescence is a social issue which is being increasingly discussed worldwide. Hence, deepening the knowledge of its development is necessary to prevent short- and long-term negative outcomes. This study involving 266 adolescents (mean age = 16.1 years, SD = 1.4) aimed at analyzing the relationship between quality of parental care, Internet addiction and adolescents’ mental health, by means of the following self-report tools: the Parental Bonding Instrument, the Internet Addiction Test, and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. The findings, collected through structural equation model analyses, showed that perceived care from both father and mother had significant indirect effects on Internet addiction problems through adolescents’ mental health problems. Furthermore, Internet addiction problems were demonstrated to be negatively associated with maternal care but not with paternal care. The study provides empirical support to the need of family-based prevention and intervention programs to take care of Internet addiction.
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21
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Haddad C, Malaeb D, Sacre H, Bou Khalil J, Khansa W, Al Hajj R, Kheir N, Saade S, Obeid S, Hallit S. Association of problematic internet use with depression, impulsivity, anger, aggression, and social anxiety: Results of a national study among Lebanese adolescents. Pediatr Investig 2021; 5:255-264. [PMID: 34938966 PMCID: PMC8666947 DOI: 10.1002/ped4.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Several studies conducted worldwide (mostly in Western countries) highlighted the negative effects of problematic internet use, particularly among adolescents aged 12 to 17, including depression, impulsivity, aggression, and social fear and avoidance. In Lebanon, literature on the prevalence and impact of problematic internet use among adolescents is limited. OBJECTIVE This study aim was to study the association between problematic internet use and depression, impulsivity, anger, aggression and social phobia among Lebanese adolescents. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed on 1103 young adolescents (14-17 years), recruited from October 2017 till April 2018. The Internet Addiction Test (IAT) was used to evaluate the level of problematic internet use. Data were analyzed using the MANCOVA analysis. The main independent variable of interest was the IAT, while the dependent variables included the psychological scales. RESULTS The multivariate analysis taking the psychological scales as the dependent variables and the problematic internet use (IAT score) as an independent variable, showed that problematic internet use was associated with higher depression, impulsivity, aggression, anger, hostility and social anxiety. INTERPRETATION Problematic internet use has become an important health issue that should not be overlooked, particularly because of the increased use of the internet by adolescents. Educational programs on early exposure to the internet should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadia Haddad
- Research DepartmentPsychiatric Hospital of the CrossJal EddibLebanon
- INSERMUniv. LimogesCHU EsquirolIRDU1094 Tropical NeuroepidemiologyInstitute of Epidemiology and Tropical NeurologyGEISTLimogesFrance
- INSPECT‐LB: Institut National de SantéPublique, Epidémiologie Clinique et ToxicologieBeirutLebanon
| | - Diana Malaeb
- School of PharmacyLebanese International UniversityBeirutLebanon
- Life sciences and health departmentParis‐Est UniversityParisFrance
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT‐LB: Institut National de SantéPublique, Epidémiologie Clinique et ToxicologieBeirutLebanon
| | - Jad Bou Khalil
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical SciencesHoly Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK)JouniehLebanon
| | - Wael Khansa
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical SciencesHoly Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK)JouniehLebanon
| | - Roula Al Hajj
- Faculty of Arts and SciencesHoly Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK)JouniehLebanon
| | - Nelly Kheir
- Research DepartmentPsychiatric Hospital of the CrossJal EddibLebanon
| | - Sylvia Saade
- School of PharmacyLebanese International UniversityBeirutLebanon
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Faculty of Arts and SciencesHoly Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK)JouniehLebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- Research DepartmentPsychiatric Hospital of the CrossJal EddibLebanon
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical SciencesHoly Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK)JouniehLebanon
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22
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Gori A, Topino E, Pucci C, Griffiths MD. The Relationship between Alexithymia, Dysmorphic Concern, and Exercise Addiction: The Moderating Effect of Self-Esteem. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11111111. [PMID: 34834464 PMCID: PMC8621958 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As with other addictions, exercise addiction can severely impact individuals' lives and have significant psychophysical consequences. Consequently, the study of the mechanisms involved in this psychopathological condition has great clinical and practical relevance. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to explore the risk factors and protective factors for exercise addiction, with a particular focus on the roles of alexithymia, body image concerns, and self-esteem. A sample of 288 regular exercisers (mean age = 28.35 years, SD = 8.26; 72% females, 18% males) completed the Exercise Addiction Inventory, 20-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Body Image Concern Inventory, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Data were analyzed by implementing a moderated mediation model. Results showed a significant and positive association between alexithymia and exercise addiction, totally mediated by body image concerns. Furthermore, self-esteem showed a relevant moderating effect, such that at high levels of self-esteem the effect of alexithymia on body image concerns became insignificant. Such data have important implications, highlighting some core variables on which it might be useful to keep a focus in order to elaborate tailored interventions, from both preventive and treatment perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Gori
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Via di San Salvi 12, Pad. 26, 50135 Florence, Italy;
- Integrated Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Institute (IPPI), via Ricasoli 32, 50122 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: Correspondence:
| | - Eleonora Topino
- Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University of Rome, Via della Traspontina 21, 00193 Rome, Italy;
| | - Caterina Pucci
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Via di San Salvi 12, Pad. 26, 50135 Florence, Italy;
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK;
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Gori A, Topino E, Caretti V. The impact of COVID‐19 lockdown on perceived stress: The role of defence mechanisms and coping strategies. JOURNAL OF CONTINGENCIES AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT 2021. [PMCID: PMC8652453 DOI: 10.1111/1468-5973.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The COVID‐19 pandemic represents a unique global challenge. To deter its spread, several countries have put lockdown and physical distancing measures in place that could have potentially harmful consequences on people's mental health. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the relationship between anxiety and perceived stress in individuals who were experiencing the COVID‐19 lockdown measures, while also analyzing the impact of coping strategies interacting with defence mechanisms. A sample of 1408 individuals (Mage = 34.69; SD = 11.87) completed the Ten Item Perceived Stress Scale, State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory—Form X3, Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced and Forty‐Item Defense Style Questionnaire, after providing written informed consent. Results highlighted the significant impact of state anxiety levels on perceived stress, both directly and indirectly. The indirect pathways have been explored by performing three mixed serial‐parallel mediation analyses, where significant associations between coping strategies (Social Support, Avoidance Strategies, Positive Attitude, Problem‐solving and Turning to Religion) and mature, neurotic, or immature defences have been found. These findings may contribute to orientate prevention and intervention activity during the several management phases of COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Gori
- Department of Health Sciences University of Florence Firenze Italy
| | - Eleonora Topino
- Department of Human Sciences LUMSA University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Vincenzo Caretti
- Department of Human Sciences LUMSA University of Rome Rome Italy
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Association between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Time Spent Playing Video Games in Adolescents: Results from A-CHILD Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910377. [PMID: 34639677 PMCID: PMC8508283 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Excessive time spent playing video games is associated with adverse health outcomes in adolescents. Although poor child–parent relationship and social relations with peers are considered as possible predictors, little is known as to whether adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with time spent playing video games. The aim is to examine the association between ACEs and time spent playing video games in adolescents. Methods: We used pooled data from the Adachi Child Health Impact of Living Difficulty (A-CHILD) study in 2016 and 2018, which is a population-based cross-sectional study in Adachi City, Tokyo, Japan (N = 6799, 4th, 6th, and 8th-grade students). Adolescents answered questionnaires examining the time spent playing video games, per day, on weekdays (“less than 1 h”, “less than 3 h”, and “more than 3 h”) and ACEs (eight types). Results: The results of the ordinal logistic regression analysis showed a positive association between ACE total score and time spent playing video games after adjusting for covariates (1 ACE: OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.10–1.48; 2 ACEs: OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.06–1.48; 3 + ACEs: OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.14–1.82, p for trend < 0.001). Regarding each type of ACE, the experiences of single parenthood, parental history of psychiatric disorders, and peer isolation were independently positively associated with time spent playing video games. Conclusions: Health policy to address ACEs might be important to shorten the time spent playing video games.
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Mangialavori S, Russo C, Jimeno MV, Ricarte JJ, D’Urso G, Barni D, Cacioppo M. Insecure Attachment Styles and Unbalanced Family Functioning as Risk Factors of Problematic Smartphone Use in Spanish Young Adults: A Relative Weight Analysis. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2021; 11:1011-1021. [PMID: 34563088 PMCID: PMC8544237 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe11030075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Young adulthood is the life stage during which people are more prone to develop problematic smartphone use (PSU). Only one study investigated the relationship among attachment styles, family functioning, and PSU, but thus far, no research has shown the relative importance that such dimensions may have on PSU. The main aim of this study was to analyze to what extent insecure attachment styles and unbalanced family functioning are related to PSU, investigating the specific weight of each dimension in a sample of young adults (N = 301; 82.7% females; Mage = 22.89; SD = 3.02). Participants completed a self-report questionnaire, including the Relationship Questionnaire, the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale IV, and the Smartphone Addiction Scale. The regression and relative weight analyses results showed that preoccupied attachment style and disengaged, chaotic, and enmeshed family functioning were positively related to PSU. Implications for future research and interventions were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Mangialavori
- Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University, Piazza delle Vaschette 101, 00193 Rome, Italy; (C.R.); (M.C.)
| | - Claudia Russo
- Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University, Piazza delle Vaschette 101, 00193 Rome, Italy; (C.R.); (M.C.)
| | - Maria Veronica Jimeno
- Department of Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Castilla La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (M.V.J.); (J.J.R.)
| | - Jorge Javier Ricarte
- Department of Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Castilla La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (M.V.J.); (J.J.R.)
| | - Giulio D’Urso
- School of Education, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland;
| | - Daniela Barni
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, 24129 Bergamo, Italy;
| | - Marco Cacioppo
- Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University, Piazza delle Vaschette 101, 00193 Rome, Italy; (C.R.); (M.C.)
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Brandhorst I, Renner T, Barth GM. [Parental factors in internet and computer game addiction in adolescence: An overview]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2021; 50:37-50. [PMID: 34238056 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Parental factors in internet and computer game addiction in adolescence: An overview Abstract. Objective: Internet-related disorders (IRD) in adolescents and young adults are closely linked to family factors. However, few research and review articles include the family. To this end, N = 87 scientific papers were integrated into the literature review. Method: The present work gives an overview of parental factors that can be involved in the development, maintenance, and reduction of symptoms. Results: The literature provides clear connections between the parent-child relationship and IRD in adolescents and young adults. The quality of parent-child communication appears to be a promising approach for influencing IRD symptoms. There are indications that, at least for some families, encouraging the time spent together could be helpful. Regarding educational aspects, a distinction should be made between different areas. Parental knowledge and control of internet use seem to be protective factors. The effect of rules and restrictions, however, is unclear. Conclusions: To change IRD symptoms, it makes sense to improve the parent-child relationship. However, the ways to achieve that have hardly been explored. Recommendations regarding parenting strategies (e. g., rules and restrictions) should be formulated very carefully, as the effects are still unclear. The integration of parents in prevention and intervention efforts is advocated by many researchers, but there only individual studies have considered parents in the context of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Brandhorst
- Abteilung Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie im Kindes- und Jugendalter, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
| | - Tobias Renner
- Abteilung Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie im Kindes- und Jugendalter, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
| | - Gottfried Maria Barth
- Abteilung Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie im Kindes- und Jugendalter, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
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Lo CKM, Yu L, Cho YW, Chan KL. A Qualitative Study of Practitioners' Views on Family Involvement in Treatment Process of Adolescent Internet Addiction. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 18:E86. [PMID: 33374348 PMCID: PMC7795326 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite emerging evidence of the effectiveness of a family-focused approach as an Internet addiction (IA) treatment modality for adolescents, little research has been done to explore family involvement in the treatment process from the clinician's perspective. This study employed a qualitative design to examine practitioners' views pertaining to the roles and challenges of family participation in IA intervention. In total, 10 practitioners working with adolescents with IA were interviewed. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the transcribed interviews. Three overreaching themes were synthesized: That family involvement in IA intervention is challenging yet important; shifting the focus from the adolescent to the relationship; and provision of individualized services and intervention to address the heterogeneous nature of cases. The findings show that family participation in IA treatment is successful in enhancing positive outcomes. The needs of adolescents with IA and family members are addressed through individual counseling and psychoeducation, respectively. Conjoint therapy sessions foster effective communication, improve family interactions and functioning, and restore relationships. However, caution regarding family dynamics is required when considering whether family involvement is appropriate. Practitioners need to establish therapeutic alliances and be flexible when working with family members in terms of the degree and arrangement of participation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ko Ling Chan
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (C.K.M.L.); (L.Y.); (Y.W.C.)
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28
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Lan X, Wang W. Parental Attachment and Problematic Internet Use among Chinese Adolescents: The Moderating Role of Gender and Grit. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:8933. [PMID: 33271793 PMCID: PMC7730796 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Problematic Internet use (PIU) is currently becoming a more serious public health concern, representing a deleterious effect on adolescent adaptive emotional and behavioral patterns. Given the prevalence of PIU and its deleterious impact on adolescents' optimal functioning, it is valuable to investigate the risk and protective factors of PIU. Guided by a socio-ecological framework, the current study examines the associations of paternal attachment and maternal attachment with PIU among Chinese adolescents. Furthermore, this study investigates whether adolescents' gender and grit moderate this association. A total of 2677 Chinese adolescents (56.5% girls; Mage = 15.56; SD = 1.57) was involved in this study. Adolescents were uniformly instructed to complete a battery of self-reported questionnaires. The results of linear regression analyses showed that paternal attachment and maternal attachment security were negatively related to PIU. Moreover, moderation analyses revealed that higher levels of grit buffered against boys' PIU in the context of paternal attachment security and girls' PIU in the context of paternal attachment insecurity. The current study suggests that parental attachment security plays an important role in mitigating the likelihood of Chinese adolescents' PIU. Moreover, the buffering role of grit in PIU varies by the levels of paternal attachment security, depending on the adolescents' gender.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenchao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
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Xiao X, Zhan Y, Zhong Y. Parental attachment and adolescent Internet morality: A moderated mediation model. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2020.1852922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- College of Chengnan, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Youlong Zhan
- Department of Psychology, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
| | - Yiping Zhong
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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30
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Marzilli E, Cerniglia L, Ballarotto G, Cimino S. Internet Addiction among Young Adult University Students: The Complex Interplay between Family Functioning, Impulsivity, Depression, and Anxiety. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17218231. [PMID: 33171742 PMCID: PMC7664422 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
International research has underlined that both interpersonal, self-regulation, and comorbid variables can lead to a higher risk of developing internet addiction (IA) among young adults. To date, no studies have explored the interplay between young adults’ family functioning, impulsivity, and psychopathological difficulties. In a community sample of 244 young adult university students, this study aims to assess the relationship between young adults’ IA and young adults’ gender, the perception of their family functioning, impulsivity level, and depressive and anxiety symptoms, considering the possible interplay between these variables. The presence and the severity of IA were addressed through the Internet Addiction Test (IAT). Moreover, young adults filled out self-reporting questionnaires, assessing their perception of family functioning and their impulsivity levels and psychopathological symptoms. Results showed no significant association between the youth’s gender and IA. However, moderately addicted young adults were more likely to report poorer quality of family affective involvement and higher attentional impulsivity and depressive problems than other groups. Moreover, young adults’ attentional impulsivity mediated the relationship between family affective involvement and IA. This study provides new evidence on the complex interaction between individuals and interpersonal risk factors involved in IA among young adults, with important implications for the planning of intervention treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Marzilli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli, 1, cap. 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Luca Cerniglia
- Faculty of Psychology, International Telematic University Uninettuno, 00186 Roma, Italy;
| | - Giulia Ballarotto
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli, 1, cap. 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Silvia Cimino
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli, 1, cap. 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (S.C.)
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Arpaci I. Gender differences in the relationship between problematic internet use and nomophobia. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-01160-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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32
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Nielsen P, Favez N, Rigter H. Parental and Family Factors Associated with Problematic Gaming and Problematic Internet Use in Adolescents: a Systematic Literature Review. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-020-00320-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Personal Factors, Internet Characteristics, and Environmental Factors Contributing to Adolescent Internet Addiction: A Public Health Perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16234635. [PMID: 31766527 PMCID: PMC6926822 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Individual characteristics, family- and school-related variables, and environmental variables have equal importance in understanding Internet addiction. Most previous studies on Internet addiction have focused on individual factors; those that considered environmental influence typically only examined the proximal environment. Effective prevention and intervention of Internet addiction require a framework that integrates individual- and environmental-level factors. This study examined the relationships between personal factors, family/school factors, perceived Internet characteristics, and environmental variables as they contribute to Internet addiction among adolescents based on the public health model. A representative sample of 1628 junior high school students from 56 regions in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do participated in the study via questionnaires with the cooperation of the Ministry of Health and Welfare and the district office of education. The study analyzed psychological factors, family cohesion, attitudes toward academic activities, Internet characteristics, accessibility to PC cafés, and exposure to Internet game advertising. About 6% of the adolescents were categorized as being in the severely addicted group. Between-group comparisons showed that the addicted group had started using the Internet earlier; had higher levels of depression, compulsivity, and aggressiveness as well as lower family cohesion; and reported higher accessibility to PC cafés and exposure to Internet game advertising. Multiple logistic regression indicated that for adolescents, environmental factors had a greater influence than family or school-related factors. Policy implications for prevention and intervention are discussed.
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Brighi A, Menin D, Skrzypiec G, Guarini A. Young, Bullying, and Connected. Common Pathways to Cyberbullying and Problematic Internet Use in Adolescence. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1467. [PMID: 31333534 PMCID: PMC6620831 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyberbullying perpetration (CBP) and problematic Internet use (PIU) are the most studied risky online activities for adolescents in the current generation. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between CBP and PIU. Still lacking is a clear understanding of common or differentiated risk and protective pathways for adolescents interacting in the cyber world. The aim of this study was to understand the role of individual (emotional symptoms) and environmental variables (parental monitoring) underpinning both CBP and PIU, with time spent online as a mediator of these factors. Furthermore, we investigated gender and school level differences in these dynamics. A questionnaire was filled in by 3,602 students from Italian Lower Secondary Schools and Upper Secondary Schools. Structural equation modeling was used to test the effects of emotional symptoms and parental monitoring on CBP and PIU mediated by time spent online, controlling for school level. In addition, the model was implemented for girls and boys, respectively. Negative emotional symptoms and low levels of parental monitoring were risk factors for both CBP and PIU, and their effect was mediated by the time spent online. In addition, parental monitoring highlighted the strongest total effect on both CBP and PIU. Risk and protective pathways were similar in girls and boys across Lower Secondary and Upper Secondary Schools, although there were some slight differences. CBP and PIU are the outcomes of an interplay between risk factors in the individual and environmental systems. The results highlight the need to design interventions to reduce emotional symptoms among adolescents, to support parental monitoring, and to regulate the time spent online by adolescents in order to prevent risky online activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Brighi
- Faculty of Education, Campus of Bressanone, Free University of Bolzano-Bozen, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Damiano Menin
- Department of Education, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Grace Skrzypiec
- College of Education, Psychology, and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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