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Liu X, Yao Y, Zhu S, Gong Q. The influence of childhood trauma on social media-induced secondary traumatic stress among college students: the chain mediating effect of self-compassion and resilience. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2025; 16:2456322. [PMID: 39899394 PMCID: PMC11792160 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2025.2456322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2024] [Revised: 12/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2025] [Indexed: 02/05/2025] Open
Abstract
Background: Studies have shown that media exposure to critical public events can lead to secondary traumatic stress (STS). Personal trauma history, self-compassion and resilience are important factors influencing STS in healthy professionals. However, whether these variables are associated with social media-induced STS in college students and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the complex relationship linking childhood trauma to social media-induced STS in a large sample of college students.Methods: A total of 1151 Chinese college students from Chengdu, Sichuan Province of China completed a web-based cross-sectional survey, which included standard assessments of childhood trauma, self-compassion, resilience and social media-induced STS, as well as sociodemographic questionnaires. The chain mediation model was tested using the PROCESS macro programme in SPSS software.Results: There was a moderate correlation between childhood trauma and social media-induced STS (r = 0.34, p < .001). This association was significantly mediated by self-compassion (indirect effect [95% CI] = 0.14[0.11, 0.17]) and resilience (indirect effect = 0.03[0.01, 0.04]), respectively. Further, a chained mediating effect was observed with self-compassion and resilience consecutively mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and social media-induced STS (indirect effect = 0.02[0.01, 0.03]). These results persisted after sociodemographic characteristics were included as controlling variables.Conclusions: Early life trauma impacts STS induced by exposure to traumatic materials on social media through self-compassion and resilience among Chinese college students. Psychological interventions targeting self-compassion and resilience can be implemented to reduce the risk of STS, especially in vulnerable individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiqin Liu
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Institute of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye Yao
- School of Sociology and Psychology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siyu Zhu
- The Laboratory of Sport Psychology, School of Sport Training, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Sports for Promoting Adolescent Mental Health, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Institute of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
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Vestin M, Wallin L, Naesström M, Blomqvist I, Svedin CG, Beaumont E, Jokinen J, Dennhag I. Internet-based group compassion-focused therapy for Swedish young people with stress, anxiety and depression: a pilot waitlist randomized controlled trial. Front Psychol 2025; 16:1547046. [PMID: 40236966 PMCID: PMC11996905 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1547046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2025] [Indexed: 04/17/2025] Open
Abstract
Introduction Compassion-focused therapy (CFT) has shown promising outcomes for young people, but research on CFT for this population remains limited. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a seven-session, therapist-led, internet-based group CFT for young people, and to investigate its preliminary effects. Methods A two-arm pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted. The study included 42 participants (aged 15-20), experiencing mild to moderate stress, anxiety, or depression, most of whom (90%) were female. In the intervention group, 22 participants were included in the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05448014). Results The intervention group had low attrition and moderate attendance, with 77% completing four or more modules. No adverse events were reported, and participants generally expressed satisfaction with the intervention. Linear regression models showed preliminary between-group differences in two variables. Depressive symptoms increased post-intervention for individuals in the intervention group compared to the waitlist (WL) group (p = 0.002). Self-compassion improved in the intervention group (p = 0.023). These patterns were consistent among participants who completed more than two sessions. Within-group analyses indicated moderate, significant improvements in stress, self-compassion and compassion from others. Discussion These preliminary results suggest that CFT is feasible and acceptable and may offer benefits for young people, particularly by enhancing self-compassion and compassion for others. The observed increase in depressive symptoms in the intervention group, despite improvements in self-compassion, warrants further investigation. Larger studies are needed to confirm these preliminary results and to better understand the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Vestin
- Department of Clinical Science, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Linda Wallin
- Department of Clinical Science, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Matilda Naesström
- Department of Clinical Sciences/Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ida Blomqvist
- Department of Clinical Science, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carl Göran Svedin
- Department of Social Sciences, Marie Cederschiöld University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elaine Beaumont
- School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Jussi Jokinen
- Department of Clinical Sciences/Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inga Dennhag
- Department of Clinical Science, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Ngai SSY, Cheung CK, Ng YH, Guo HY, Du HL, Chen C, Wong LM, Zhou QS, Pang WT. Compassion Scale: factor structure and scale validation in Hong Kong adolescents. Front Psychol 2025; 16:1508402. [PMID: 40078424 PMCID: PMC11897485 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1508402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2025] [Indexed: 03/14/2025] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to validate the 16-item Compassion Scale (CS) for use with Hong Kong adolescents. 1,193 secondary school students in grades 7 to 11 (M = 13.80 years, 43.3% female) completed the questionnaire survey. Methods We used EFA and CFA to examine the factor structure of the CS and assessed its convergent and discriminant validity through CR, AVE, AIC, and BIC calculations. We also evaluated the concurrent validity by analysing partial correlations between the CS and its subscales with social connectedness and self-efficacy. In addition, we employed multigroup analysis to determine the model fit of the CS across demographic subgroups. Results Factor analyses showed a three-factor structure combining mindfulness and kindness into one factor that we named benevolence, together with common humanity and indifference. Satisfactory model fit was found in different subgroups across age, gender, grade, and school type. Findings suggested that girls, on average, showed a higher level of compassionate concern for others than boys, and younger adolescents were more compassionate than their older counterparts. The CS and its subscales were significantly and positively correlated with social connectedness and self-efficacy, supporting concurrent validity. Discussion The findings signify the unique sociocultural context in Hong Kong, which is deeply affected by Chinese traditions, Western individualism, and neoliberal ideals. Overall, the study provides robust support for the CS as a reliable and valid measure for cross-cultural research on compassion and yields evidence-based implications for compassion interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Sek-yum Ngai
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chau-kiu Cheung
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuen-hang Ng
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hao-yi Guo
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Han-lei Du
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Laing-ming Wong
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qiu-shi Zhou
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wing-tsam Pang
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Liu Y, Yang X, Liu Y, Wei C, Zhao J, Kong F. Bidirectional relationship between self-compassion and psychological richness: A two-wave longitudinal study. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2025; 17:e12607. [PMID: 39402984 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 10/01/2024] [Indexed: 12/13/2024]
Abstract
Previous research has found that self-compassion enhances well-being outcomes such as happiness and meaning in life. However, little is known about the link between self-compassion and psychological richness, a recently introduced concept of well-being. Thus, an exploration of the relationship between self-compassion and psychological richness is necessary to gain a comprehensive understanding of the association between self-compassion and well-being. To address this issue, this study investigated the temporal directionality of their relationship within a cohort of Chinese college students, utilizing a two-wave longitudinal approach. Using a cross-lagged model, the results revealed that the self-compassion could predict psychological richness 3 months later, and conversely, psychological richness could also predict subsequent self-compassion. This research provides new insights into the bidirectional relationship between self-compassion and psychological richness, broadening our understanding of the association between self-compassion and well-being. Future interventions should focus on the important effect of self-compassion interventions in the development of psychological richness. In addition, future research could consider interventions on increasing psychological richness to improve the level of self-compassion among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuening Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoni Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cangpi Wei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Kong
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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Ciabatti M, Nerini A, Matera C. Gaslighting Experience, Psychological Health, and Well-being: The Role of Self-Compassion and Social Support. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024:8862605241307232. [PMID: 39727018 DOI: 10.1177/08862605241307232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2024]
Abstract
Gaslighting is an understudied form of psychological violence aimed to reduce victims' autonomy, decision-making ability, security, and belief in their own perceptions. Although it leads to negative psychological, relational, and health consequences, few studies have examined the protective variables of this form of violence. The present study aims to analyze the role of self-compassion and social support (from family, friends, and significant others) in predicting gaslighting experiences, psychological health, and eudaimonic well-being among young Italian women. The mediational role of the gaslighting experience was examined. Participants (251 women, mean age = 38.72) completed an online survey assessing the variables of interest. Path analysis showed that participants' self-compassion and perceived social support from family and significant others (but not one from friends) were negatively and significantly associated with gaslighting experience. Gaslighting experience emerged as a significant and negative predictor of both psychological health and eudaimonic well-being. Gaslighting experience partially mediated the relationship among self-compassion and both psychological health and eudaimonic well-being, and totally mediated the association among perceived social support (from family and from significant others) and both psychological health and eudaimonic well-being. This is one of the few studies that allowed to identify the important role of some interpersonal (i.e., social support) and intrapersonal (i.e., self-compassion) factors in predicting gaslighting experience. Our findings could be useful in designing preventive programs aimed to increase women's abilities to cope with the potential manipulative intentions of their partner with positive consequences on their health and well-being.
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Wooten W, Heyn S, Herringa R. A comparison of reappraisal and self-compassion as an emotion regulation strategy in the context of maltreatment. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024:107063. [PMID: 39304356 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maltreatment is a significant contributor of emotion dysregulation. Self-compassion could be an effective novel emotion regulation strategy for maltreatment. We compare self-compassion and other strategies with and without the context of maltreatment. METHODS We recruited a cross-sectional sample of 188 adult participants using Mechanical Turk (21-69 years), with and without childhood maltreatment exposure, to complete an emotion regulation task comparing reappraisal, self-compassion, and a non-instruction condition for positive and negative emotions. We examined the impact of valence and strategy on self-reported emotional intensity in response to each image, and analyzed the interaction of maltreatment exposure and severity with valence and regulation strategy. FINDINGS Without factoring in maltreatment, we observed significant differences between reappraisal and self-compassion (F(1,14,117.1) = 5.716, p < 0.001) in response to emotional images. When using self-compassion, negative images evoked less intense negative emotions, and more extreme positive emotions compared to reappraisal. We also detected a significant interaction of valence, strategy, and maltreatment severity (F(2,16,818.2) = 4.24, p = 0.014). We observed differences in emotional responses for those with high levels and low levels of maltreatment severity between strategies. Self-compassion use resulted in the most consistent emotional ratings across all severity levels for negative image trials, while reappraisal and non-instructed trials minimized emotional responses as severity increased. In response to positive images, reappraisal was most effective at minimizing emotions at low levels of maltreatment severity and performed similarly to self-compassion at higher levels of severity. CONCLUSION The current study provides early evidence that self-compassion performs effectively as an emotion regulation strategy. It performed similarly, or superior, to reappraisal in the context of maltreatment and was consistently effective across both maltreatment and abuse severity in a cross-sectional sample. We observed more extreme positive affect in those who experienced maltreatment. However, these strategies performed similarly when we did not include maltreatment, indicating similar general effectiveness. These findings have potential implications for further research regarding emotion regulation strategies and for clinical interventions as a function of maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Wooten
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Sara Heyn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ryan Herringa
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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Alsamman S, Dajani R, Al-Delaimy WK. Self-compassion and association with distress, depression, and anxiety among displaced Syrians: A population-based study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0309051. [PMID: 39298519 PMCID: PMC11412651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Displaced communities are at increased risk of poor mental health with limited resources for treatment. Self-compassion moderates the impacts of stressors on mental health in high-income country general population samples, but its impact has not been described among people who have experienced displacement and associated trauma. The aim of this study was to characterize the associations between self-compassion, mental health, and resilience in a sample of displaced Syrian adults living in Jordan. This is a cross-sectional study using four validated survey tools measuring self-compassion, resilience, mental health, and traumatic exposure. Syrian adults who presented to four different community organizations serving refugees within Amman, Jordan were invited to participate. A total of 272 displaced Syrians were included in the final analysis. A majority of those surveyed were positive for emotional distress (84.6%), depression (85.7%), and anxiety (76.5%). In univariate analysis there was a significant lower risk of emotional distress, depression, and anxiety, with both higher resilience and self-compassion. However, in the multivariate model only self-compassion remained significantly associated with less emotional distress, depression, and anxiety, independent of resilience and other covariates. Female gender, poor financial stability, and high levels of traumatic exposure were also identified as persistent predictors of mental health morbidity. The findings of this study suggest that self-compassion is associated with less distress, depression, and anxiety in displaced individuals; suggesting it might be protective against poor mental health. Self-compassion is a modifiable factor that can be utilized as a tool by healthcare professionals and communities caring for refugees to promote positive mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Alsamman
- University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Rana Dajani
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
- MIT Refugee Action Hub (ReACT), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Wael K. Al-Delaimy
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
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Letendre Jauniaux M, Lawford HL. Interpersonal curiosity as a tool to foster safe relational spaces: a narrative literature review. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1379330. [PMID: 39193028 PMCID: PMC11347427 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1379330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Interpersonal curiosity (IPC), or the desire for information about others, is a core component of human connection, belonging, security, survival, and flourishing. Current research on leveraging IPC is scarce, making it an overlooked mechanism for building safer relational spaces. This narrative literature review attempts to answer the following questions: how can IPC facilitate safe relational spaces? How can this knowledge be made accessible and actionable for readers working in relational fields or public health? Results from the analysis of 23 articles indicate that IPC can manifest as either a trait or a state. At best, IPC can be a powerful tool for connection. At worst, IPC can lead to non-prosocial behaviors and relational disruptions. Suggestions are provided to harness the potential of IPC to foster quality connection and safer relational spaces.
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Hauck F, Borho A, Romero Gibu L, Atal M, Dederer S, Bendel P, Morawa E, Erim Y, Jansen S, Rohleder N. The association of perceived ethnic discrimination and institutional verbal violence with chronic stress in an immigrant sample: The role of protective factors - results from the VIOLIN study. J Migr Health 2024; 10:100260. [PMID: 39220099 PMCID: PMC11365374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2024.100260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Immigrants are exposed to a variety of stressors, such as ethnic discrimination, and therefore experience a higher risk of developing adverse health outcomes. However, the role of potentially protective psychological factors is not well-studied. The present study addresses the question how discrimination and institutional verbal violence (IVV) are associated with chronic stress in an immigrant sample. In addition, this study highlights moderating effects of migration-specific variables (first or second migration generation and citizenship status). Participants (n = 232; 69.4 % female) completed an online-survey, which included demographics, questionnaires (Everyday Discrimination Scale, EDS; Perceived Stress Scale, PSS-4; Resilience Scale, RS-11; Self-Compassion Scale, SCS-SF) as well as a self-developed questionnaire on institutional verbal violence. Only participants living in Germany with migration background (self or one parent migrated to Germany) were included. Results showed that perceived discrimination and institutional verbal violence were highly associated with chronic stress. Further, self-compassion buffered the connection between discrimination and stress, whereas resilience was no protective factor. The inclusion of migration-specific variables showed that the second-generation sub-group experienced less discrimination-related stress and self-compassion was shown to be particularly protective within this sub-group. Citizenship status did not appear to be a moderator, but especially persons with temporary or permanent residence status, compared to German/EU-citizens, reported higher values of verbal violence and discrimination-related stress. These findings highlight the importance of considering not only psychological but also structural and societal protective and risk factors, as they may be differentially associated with immigrants' stress perceptions. Implications for future research and practical implementations are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicitas Hauck
- Department of Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 49a, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea Borho
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstraße 14, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lucía Romero Gibu
- Department of Romance Studies, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Bismarkstraße 1, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mojib Atal
- Institute of Political Science, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Kochstraße 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sevil Dederer
- Department of Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 49a, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Petra Bendel
- Institute of Political Science, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Kochstraße 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eva Morawa
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstraße 14, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yesim Erim
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstraße 14, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Silke Jansen
- Department of Romance Studies, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Bismarkstraße 1, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Rohleder
- Department of Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 49a, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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Thorvaldsen S, Hansen KT, Forsberg JT. Children and adolescents weathering the storm: Resilience in the presence of bullying victimization, harassment, and pandemic lockdown in northern Norway. Scand J Psychol 2024; 65:735-746. [PMID: 38574243 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Resilience is a concept of growing interest because it can systematically inform prevention measures and psychosocial interventions for children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to explore resilience factors among young people who are victims of bullying and harassment (age 9 to 16 years old). In 2021 the burden of the pandemic lockdown became an additional adversity. The study used a repeated cross-sectional design. Two datasets with a total of 2,211 participants from 2017 (N = 972) and 2021 (N = 1,239) were included. The strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) was applied to define the resilient and non-resilient groups, and the quality-of-life questionnaire (KINDL) was used to map resilience factors. A total of 227 participants reported that they were being bullied, and 604 participants reported harassments from their peers. We used correlation and regression analyses to identify which factors predicted the highest resistance to the negative effects of bullying and harassment. The results were that 77.2% of the participants stayed resilient when facing these maladjustments, but this dropped to 61.7% during the pandemic. The most important resilience factors before the pandemic were the school environment, emotional well-being, and good relations with their friends. The impact of these predictors changed during the pandemic. Emotional well-being increased in strength, school environment was reduced, and friends did not predict resilience anymore. The effect sizes were generally large to medium. As it is common to experience adversity at some stage in life, it is vital for families, schools, social and healthcare workers to be aware of the factors associated with resilience. The results of this study may contribute towards an evidence base for developing plans to increase the capacity of resilience among young people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karl T Hansen
- Pedagogical and Psychological Service Troms (PPT), Tromsø, Norway
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11
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Skinner CM, Kuijer RG. Self-compassion and health-related quality of life in individuals with endometriosis. Psychol Health 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38475983 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2024.2325506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE International research highlights the detrimental impact of endometriosis on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), yet few studies have examined positive resources such as self-compassion and resilience as correlates. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the relationship between self-compassion and HRQoL in individuals with endometriosis in Aotearoa New Zealand. Resilience and perceived symptom severity were examined as potential mediators. METHODS AND MEASURES Six hundred and three individuals with endometriosis completed an online questionnaire measuring demographic and endometriosis-related information, endometriosis symptoms (number and severity), HRQoL, self-compassion and resilience. RESULTS In line with international research, the current sample reported significant impairment in all aspects of HRQoL. As expected, those with higher levels of self-compassion reported less impairment in HRQoL, and this relationship was partially mediated by perceived symptom severity (all aspects of HRQoL). Resilience mediated the relationship between self-compassion and two aspects of HRQoL (emotional wellbeing and control/powerlessness). CONCLUSION These findings confirm that HRQoL is significantly impaired in individuals with endometriosis in Aotearoa New Zealand and point to the potential role of self-compassion and resilience as protective factors in encouraging positive coping styles to manage symptoms and maintain high HRQoL. Interventions targeting self-compassion may be a promising tool to improve wellbeing in individuals with endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea M Skinner
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Roeline G Kuijer
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Ma J, Xiao Q. Relationship Between Self-Compassion and Compassion for Others: The Mediated Effect of Perceived Social Support and Psychological Resilience. Psychol Rep 2024:332941241226906. [PMID: 38214161 DOI: 10.1177/00332941241226906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Studies from individualistic cultural contexts have shown there were no or negative significant correlation between self-compassion and compassion (for others). However, there may be a closer association between them in a collectivism and Buddhism culture. This study randomly selected 441 college students in China and used measures of self-compassion, trait compassion (compassion for others), psychological resilience, and perceiving social support to investigate this relationship. The results showed a moderately positive correlation between self-compassion and compassion. Further chain-mediation analyses revealed that self-compassion not only directly predicted compassion for others but also indirectly influenced it through the mediating effects of perceiving social support and psychological resilience. The results of this study suggest that the quality of compassion may be significantly influenced by culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialan Ma
- Department of Psychology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Huhehaote, China
| | - Qianguo Xiao
- Research center of Humanities and Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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DiFonte MC, Schick MR, Spillane NS. Perceived stress and resilience among college students: The roles of self-compassion and anxiety symptomatology. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:128-134. [PMID: 35114902 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.2024211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study explored the role of self-compassion on the relationship between perceived stress and resilience among college students experiencing different levels of anxiety symptomatology. PARTICIPANTS Three hundred and forty-five undergraduate students (Mage= 19.66; 74.8% female) were recruited from a public university in the northeastern United States. METHODS Participants completed self-report measures assessing perceived stress, self-compassion, anxiety symptomatology, and resilience. RESULTS Self-compassion was found to indirectly affect the association between perceived stress and resilience at both low (b = -0.06, 95% CI [-0.08, -0.04]) and high levels (b = -0.03, 95% CI [-0.05, -0.01]) of anxiety symptomatology. The index of moderated mediation was significant (b = 0.005, 95% CI [0.001, 0.01]). CONCLUSIONS Results of the present study suggest that interventions to enhance resilience should incorporate strategies aimed at managing stress and anxiety and increasing self-compassion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C DiFonte
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Melissa R Schick
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Nichea S Spillane
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
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Mahon C, Hamburger D, Webb JB, Yager Z, Howard E, Booth A, Fitzgerald A. Protocol of a cluster randomised trial of BodyKind: a school-based body image programme for adolescents. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2246. [PMID: 37964252 PMCID: PMC10647142 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor body image is prevalent among adolescents and associated with several negative outcomes for their physical and psychological health. There is a pressing need to address this growing public health concern, yet there are few evidence-informed universal programmes for older adolescents that address contemporary body image concerns (i.e., social media). BodyKind is a four lesson, school-based, teacher led, universal body image programme that incorporates empirically supported principles of cognitive dissonance, self-compassion, compassion for others and social activism, to support positive body image development. Building on previous pilot trials in the USA, this paper outlines the protocol for a cluster randomised control trial (cRCT) and implementation evaluation of the BodyKind programme which was culturally adapted for the Irish cultural context. METHODS We aim to recruit 600 students aged 15-17 years in Transition Year (4th year) across 26 second-level schools in Ireland. Using minimisation, schools will be randomly assigned to receive BodyKind (intervention condition, n=300) or classes as usual (waitlist control, n=300). Teachers in intervention groups will receive training and deliver the programme to students over four weeks, at a rate of one lesson per week. Primary outcomes of body appreciation, body dissatisfaction and psychological wellbeing and secondary outcomes of self-compassion, compassion for others, body ideal internalisation, social justice motives and appearance-based social media use will be assessed at pre-, post- and 2 month follow up. Mediation and moderation analyses will be conducted to identify how and for whom the intervention works best. An implementation evaluation will assess the quality of programme implementation across schools and how this may influence intervention outcomes. Waitlist control schools will receive the programme after the 2-month follow up. CONCLUSION This study will be the first to implement a cRCT and an implementation evaluation to assess the impact of this multicomponent school-based body image programme designed to support healthy body image development. If shown to be effective, BodyKind will have the potential to improve adolescent body image and wellbeing and inform efforts to implement sustainable and scalable programmes in schools. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was retrospectively registered on 10/10/2023 on ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06076993 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara Mahon
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin (UCD), Newman Building, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | | | - Jennifer B Webb
- Department of Psychological Science, Health Psychology Ph.D. Program, University of North Carolina at Charlotte (UNC Charlotte), Charlotte, USA
| | - Zali Yager
- Embrace Collective NFP, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Emma Howard
- School of Computer Science and Statistics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ailbhe Booth
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin (UCD), Newman Building, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Jigsaw, The National Centre for Youth Mental Health, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Amanda Fitzgerald
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin (UCD), Newman Building, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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15
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Dan VH, Ponnuchamy L, Anand NK, Bhaskarapillai B, Sharma MK. Resilience and self-compassion among persons with depressive disorders: Prerequisite for a positive mental health approach. J Family Med Prim Care 2023; 12:1621-1628. [PMID: 37767454 PMCID: PMC10521843 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2270_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment gap for common mental health problems, especially of the depressive disorders is consequential in developing countries like India. Positive mental health domains like resilience and self-compassion have been long hailed as protective factors against depression and viable for use in therapeutic aspects. The objectives were to find an association between resilience, self-compassion, and depression. Methods The study was conducted using a cross-sectional design among 75 respondents who were seeking treatment for major depressive disorders from a tertiary care center during the second wave of COVID-19. Three scales were administered online, namely Beck's Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD RISC-25), and Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF). Spearman's rank correlation test, Chi-square with Fisher's exact test, and Kruskal Wallis H test were used to study the relationships and differences in average scores with respect to the severity of depression. Results Most of the respondents had moderate depressive features along with moderately high levels of resilience (CD RISC 25) and self-compassion (SCS-SF) scores. Resilience and self-compassion were found to have no significant relationship with respect to the severity of depression. There was a weakly positive correlation between resilience and self-compassion among those with moderate and severe depression. Conclusion Since the individuals with depression had higher scores on resilience and self-compassion, the levels of depression remained at moderate levels of severity despite the devastating impact of the second wave of COVID-19 in the Indian sub-continent. Results are to be interpreted with respect to psychosocial contexts arising during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mental health programs can incorporate the variables of resilience and self-compassion in intervention among individuals with depression which have likely been beneficial in their process of recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hubert Dan
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Lingam Ponnuchamy
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Nitin K. Anand
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Binukumar Bhaskarapillai
- Department of Biostatistics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Manoj K. Sharma
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Hu Y. Examining the effects of teacher self-compassion, emotion regulation, and emotional labor strategies as predictors of teacher resilience in EFL context. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1190837. [PMID: 37546437 PMCID: PMC10401064 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1190837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study investigates the effects of teacher self-compassion, emotion regulation, and emotional labor strategies on teacher resilience in the English as a foreign language (EFL) context. The study aims to understand the relationships between these variables and their potential implications for promoting teacher resilience. Methods A sample of 711 Chinese EFL teachers participated in the study. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to assess the psychometric properties of the instruments used to measure teacher self-compassion, emotion regulation, emotional labor strategies, and teacher resilience. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to examine the relationships between these variables. Results The results of the study revealed that teacher self-compassion and emotional labor strategies had direct positive effects on teacher resilience. Specifically, higher levels of self-compassion and effective use of emotional labor strategies were associated with greater teacher resilience. Furthermore, teacher emotion regulation was found to indirectly predict teacher resilience through the mediation of emotional labor strategies. This suggests that the ability to regulate emotions influences the adoption of effective emotional labor strategies, which in turn contributes to higher levels of teacher resilience. Discussion The findings of this study highlight the importance of teacher self-compassion, emotion regulation, and emotional labor strategies in promoting teacher resilience in the EFL context. Interventions aimed at enhancing teacher emotional regulation skills and fostering self-compassion may have significant implications for supporting teachers in managing the demands and challenges of their profession, ultimately enhancing their resilience. These findings contribute to the understanding of factors that can promote teacher resilience and inform the development of targeted interventions in the EFL context.
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Tali E, Potharst ES, de Bruin EI, Utens EMWJ. Self-Compassion and Anxiety in Adolescents with and without Anxiety Disorder. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1181. [PMID: 37508678 PMCID: PMC10378593 DOI: 10.3390/children10071181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have linked self-compassion to mental health, specifically anxiety, in non-clinical adolescents, suggesting that self-compassion can be a protective factor against anxiety. This study compared the overall level of self-compassion and (un)compassionate self-responding in adolescents with and without an anxiety disorder and assessed the association between self-compassion and anxiety. This cross-sectional study included adolescents (12-19 years) with an anxiety disorder (N = 23) and a reference group (N = 28). Participants completed the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) and State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Results showed that overall self-compassion and uncompassionate self-responding were significantly lower and higher in the clinical than the reference group, respectively, while compassionate self-responding did not differ between groups. In the clinical group, only uncompassionate self-responding was significantly associated with higher anxiety. In the reference group, uncompassionate self-responding showed a significant positive association with anxiety, and compassionate self-responding showed a significant negative association with anxiety. Although the results suggest that low uncompassionate self-responding may buffer against anxiety, the role of compassionate and uncompassionate self-responding remains unclear. An alternative explanation is that the uncompassionate self-responding items measure the presence of psychopathology in adolescents with an anxiety disorder. More research on the construct validity of the SCS uncompassionate self-responding scale is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edibe Tali
- Levvel, Rijksstraatweg 145, 1115 AP Duivendrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eva S Potharst
- UvA Minds, Academic Outpatient (Child and Adolescent) Treatment Centre, University of Amsterdam, Banstraat 29, 1071 JW Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 127, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther I de Bruin
- UvA Minds, Academic Outpatient (Child and Adolescent) Treatment Centre, University of Amsterdam, Banstraat 29, 1071 JW Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 127, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth M W J Utens
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 127, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 8, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Haldorai K, Kim WG, Agmapisarn C, Li JJ. Fear of COVID-19 and employee mental health in quarantine hotels: The role of self-compassion and psychological resilience at work. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT 2023; 111:103491. [PMID: 37082304 PMCID: PMC10076513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2023.103491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a massive and unprecedented impact on the mental health of individuals worldwide. Quarantine hotel employees not only endured enormous upheavals when providing service to quarantine guests during obligatory quarantine periods, but also experienced the high mental stress that comes with the risk of exposure and contagion of themselves, their friends, and their families. This study investigated the impact of the fear of COVID-19 on mental health problems. The moderating roles of self-compassion and psychological resilience were also examined. Data was collected from 360 employees from thirteen "Alternative State Quarantine" hotels in Thailand. The results suggested that fear of COVID-19 positively influenced mental health problems. Self-compassion and psychological resilience at work buffered the detrimental impact of fear of COVID-19 on mental health. This three-way interaction demonstrated that employees with high self-compassion and high resilience coped better. The theoretical and practical implications for hospitality managers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Haldorai
- International Center for Hospitality Research & Development, Dedman College of Hospitality, Florida State University, 288 Champions Way, UCB 4117, P.O. Box 3062541, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Woo Gon Kim
- International Center for Hospitality Research & Development, Dedman College of Hospitality, Florida State University, 288 Champions Way, UCB 4115, P.O. Box 3062541, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Charoenchai Agmapisarn
- Graduate School of Tourism Management, National Institute of Development Administration (NIDA), 148 Serithai Road, Klong-Chan, Bangkapi, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
| | - Jun Justin Li
- School of Tourism Management, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Faculty of International Tourism and Management, City University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
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Shahidi Delshad E, Nobahar M, Raiesdana N, Yarahmadi S, Saberian M. Academic resilience, moral perfectionism, and self-compassion among undergraduate nursing students: A cross-sectional, multi-center study. J Prof Nurs 2023; 46:39-44. [PMID: 37188420 DOI: 10.1016/j.profnurs.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Academic resilience has been identified as a coping method for nursing students' educational and practice challenges. Despite the importance of academic resilience, knowledge on how to enhance academic resilience is under-researched. To suggest suitable approaches, relationships between academic resilience and other constructs need to be appraised. OBJECTIVES This study aims to evaluate predictors of academic resilience, examining its relationships with other essential constructs: self-compassion and moral perfectionism, in undergraduate nursing students in Iran. DESIGN This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022. PARTICIPANTS A convenience sample of 250 undergraduate nursing students at three universities in Iran participated in this study by completing self-report measures. METHODS Data collection tools were Nursing Student Academic Resilience Inventory, Moral Perfectionism scale, and Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form. Correlation and regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS The mean and standard deviation of academic resilience were 57.57 ± 23.69; moral perfectionism 50.24 ± 9.97, and self-compassion 37.19 ± 5.02. Self-compassion had significantly related to moral perfectionism (r = 0.23, p < 0.001). Academic resilience had no statistically significant relationship with moral perfectionism (r = -0.05, p = 0.41) and self-compassion (r = -0.06, p = 0.35), but significantly affect age (r = 0.14, p = 0.03), Grade point average (r = 0.18, p < 0.001) and university of study (r = 0.56, p < 0.001). The grade point average and the university of the study predicted 33 % of the changes in academic resilience, and the greatest impact was related to the university (r = 0.56, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Adopting appropriate educational strategies and supporting the students will help improve nursing students' academic resilience and performance. Promoting self-compassion will lead to the development of nursing students' moral perfectionism.
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Kotera Y, Jackson JE, Kirkman A, Edwards AM, Colman R, Underhill A, Jackson JG, Baker D, Ozaki A. Comparing the Mental Health of Healthcare Students: Mental Health Shame and Self-compassion in Counselling, Occupational Therapy, Nursing and Social Work Students. Int J Ment Health Addict 2023:1-18. [PMID: 36817984 PMCID: PMC9924877 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-023-01018-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor mental health of healthcare students is a cause for concern in many universities. Though previous research has identified mental health shame and self-compassion as critical in this student group, how these variables differ across different healthcare disciplines remains to be evaluated. Healthcare students (n = 344; counselling, occupational therapy, social work and nursing) completed measures regarding these variables. MANOVA and regression analyses were performed. (1) Counselling and nursing students were more depressed than occupational therapy students; (2) nursing students were more anxious than occupational therapy and social work students; (3) occupational therapy students had more positive attitudes towards mental health than the others; and (4) nursing students worried about their own reputation associated with their family more than counselling students. Self-compassion was the strongest predictor of mental health in all groups; however, the effect sizes varied: largest in nursing and smallest in social work students. Findings will help inform effective interventions for students in each healthcare discipline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Kotera
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2TU Nottinghamshire UK
| | - Jessica E. Jackson
- College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Ann Kirkman
- College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Ann-Marie Edwards
- College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Rory Colman
- College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Ann Underhill
- College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Jessica G. Jackson
- College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Denise Baker
- College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Akihiko Ozaki
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Fukushima, Japan
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Makarti P, Tjahjoanggoro AJ. Self Compassion Training to Increase Resilience in Inmates of Class II A Women's Prison in Pontianak. ANALITIKA 2022. [DOI: 10.31289/analitika.v14i2.6880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to test the effectiveness of self-compassion training to increase resilience. The training provided is based on aspects of self-compassion, namely self kindness, common humanity and mindfulness. The method used is a quasi-experimental one group pre-test post-test design. The training was attended by 15 residents of Class II A Women's Prison in Pontianak who have an age range of 18 to 56 years with the last education being elementary school to bachelor degree. Evaluation is done at the level of reaction, learning, and behavior. Quantitative data was obtained by providing a resilience scale as measured by the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) which consists of 10 items with five choices of answer from very inappropriate to very appropriate. Quantitative data were then analyzed using a paired sample t-test (t = 3,800, p = 0.002 (p < 0.05)). The conclusions of this study indicate that self-compassion training is effective in increasing resilience of the inmates at Class II A Women's Prison in Pontianak.
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Psychological resilience and posttraumatic growth in adolescent survivors of earthquake: A 10-year cohort study. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 155:331-337. [PMID: 36174368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This 10-year cohort study explored whether individual differences in resilience during early stages post-earthquake could have diverse impacts on future PTG and whether the impacts varied by sex. 1357 Chinese adolescent survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake were assessed on their resilience at 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-months post-earthquake. 799 participants responded to an online survey 10 years later, and 744 of which provided useable data for subsequent analysis. Resilience trajectories were modeled using the latent class growth analysis. Linear regressions were used to test the predictive effects of different resilience trajectories on subsequent PTG. Of 744 samples (Mage=15.44, SD = 0.66 at baseline), 59.1% were females. Three trajectories of resilience were identified, including low resilience (19.8%), moderate resilience (58.7%), and high resilience (21.5%). Highly resilient participants reported greater PTG 10 years later (β = 0.12, 95%CI 0.60-6.08) after adjusting for demographic variables, earthquake exposure, negative life events, and mental health problems. Moreover, the same findings only existed in males (β = 0.22, 95%CI 1.26-11.01). Our findings highlight the importance of classifying survivors by resilience trajectories in order to better account for different implications on future PTG. Moreover, sex-specific programs are needed to provide tailored intervention.
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Zhang H, Jasim SA, Suksatan W, Hashim Alghazali TA, Doewes RI, Jalil AT, Patra I, Singer N, Failoc-Rojas VE, Marhoon HA, Mustafa YF, Ramírez-Coronel AA, Abdollahi A. Moderating role of compassion in the link between fear of Coronavirus disease and mental health among undergraduate students. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:990678. [PMID: 36147995 PMCID: PMC9486091 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.990678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The societal challenges presented by fear related to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic may present unique challenges for an individual's mental health. However, the moderating role of compassion in the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and mental health has not been well-studied. The present study aimed to explore the association between fear of COVID-19 and mental health, as well as test the buffering role of compassion in this relationship. Methods The participants in this study were 325 Iranian undergraduate students (228 females), aged 18-25 years, who completed questionnaires posted on social networks via a web-based platform. Results The results showed that fear of COVID-19 was positively related with physical symptoms, social function, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms. The results also showed that compassion was negatively associated with physical symptoms, social function, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms. The interaction-moderation analysis revealed that compassion moderated the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and subscale of mental health. Conclusion Results highlight the important role of compassion in diminishing the effect of fear of COVID-19 on the mental health (physical symptoms, social function, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms) of undergraduate students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichun Zhang
- Student Work Department of the Party Committee and Student Work Department, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Saade Abdalkareem Jasim
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Anbar-Ramadi, Iraq
| | - Wanich Suksatan
- Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Rumi Iqbal Doewes
- Faculty of Sport, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Kentingan, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla, Iraq
| | - Indrajit Patra
- Independent Researcher, NIT Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Nermeen Singer
- Media and Children's Culture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Virgilio E. Failoc-Rojas
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Traslacional, Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
| | - Haydar Abdulameer Marhoon
- Information and Communication Technology Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Andrés Alexis Ramírez-Coronel
- Laboratory of Psychometrics and Ethology and Health and Behavior Research Group, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Ecuador
- Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
- Universidad Nacional del EcuadorCuenca, Ecuador
- Universidad dePalermo, Argentina
| | - Abbas Abdollahi
- Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
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Ferrari M, Beath A, Einstein DA, Yap K, Hunt C. Gender differences in self-compassion: a latent profile analysis of compassionate and uncompassionate self-relating in a large adolescent sample. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03408-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSelf-compassion, a healthy way of relating to oneself, may promote psychological resilience during adolescence. How adolescents engage with self-compassion, and whether they have distinct self-compassionate or uncompassionate psychological profiles, is unclear. This study investigated potential self-compassion profiles based on responses to the Self-Compassion Scale–Short Form (SCS-SF) and examined their relationship with a range of mental health symptoms and cognitive and emotional tendencies. A large cross-sectional sample of high school students (N = 950; Mage = 13.70 years, SDage = 0.72, range = 12 to 16 years; 434 female and 495 male) completed several online self-report measures including the SCS-SF. Latent profile analysis identified parsimonious self-compassion profiles by gender using the six SCS-SF subscales. Five female profiles included ‘Low Self-Relating’, ‘Uncompassionate’, ‘High Self-Relating’, ‘Moderately Compassionate’ and ‘Highly Compassionate’. Comparatively, two male profiles included ‘Low Self-Relating’ and ‘Moderately Self-Relating’. Low Self-Relating involved low levels of both compassionate and uncompassionate responding, and Moderately Self-Relating involved higher levels of both. Low Self-Relating and Highly Compassionate profiles for females consistently reported lower levels of anxiety and depression symptoms, maladaptive perfectionism, intolerance of uncertainty, repetitive thinking and avoidance-fusion thinking patterns compared to the other female profiles. Low Self-Relating males reported more adaptive outcomes compared to Moderate Self-Relating males. These findings illustrate important adolescent gender differences in compassionate and uncompassionate self-response profiles. Results suggest self-compassion is an important psychological construct with diverse mental health benefits for females, whereas for males a lack of attachment to either response styles are linked with better psychological outcomes.
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25
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Bag SD, Kilby CJ, Kent JN, Brooker J, Sherman KA. Resilience, self-compassion, and indices of psychological wellbeing: a not so simple set of relationships. AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00050067.2022.2089543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shobhna D. Bag
- Centre for Emotional Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Kilby
- Centre for Emotional Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychology, Counselling, and Psychotherapy, The Cairnmillar Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jessica N. Kent
- School of Psychology, Counselling, and Psychotherapy, The Cairnmillar Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joanne Brooker
- School of Psychology, Counselling, and Psychotherapy, The Cairnmillar Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kerry A. Sherman
- Centre for Emotional Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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Chan KKS, Lee JCK, Yu EKW, Chan AWY, Leung ANM, Cheung RYM, Li CW, Kong RHM, Chen J, Wan SLY, Tang CHY, Yum YN, Jiang D, Wang L, Tse CY. The Impact of Compassion from Others and Self-compassion on Psychological Distress, Flourishing, and Meaning in Life Among University Students. Mindfulness (N Y) 2022; 13:1490-1498. [PMID: 35506030 PMCID: PMC9050348 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-022-01891-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Research shows that compassion from others and from the self may enable university students to face, overcome, and bounce back from adversity and generate a greater sense of thriving and meaning in life. However, the underlying processes are largely unknown. The present study aimed to examine the associations of compassion with psychological distress, flourishing, and meaning in life among university students and explore the mechanisms underlying these associations. Methods A total of 536 Hong Kong university students completed questionnaires measuring their experiences of compassion from others, self-compassion, resilience, psychological distress, flourishing, and meaning in life. Results Serial mediation analyses showed that compassion from others was associated positively with self-compassion, which was, in turn, linked to greater resilience and consequently lower levels of psychological distress and higher levels of flourishing and meaning in life. Conclusions Our findings reveal the associations of compassion from others and self-compassion with the well-being and life meaning of university students. The findings highlight the importance of being open and receptive to love and kindness from others. The findings also point to the importance of developing a caring attitude toward oneself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Ka Shing Chan
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong.,Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - John Chi-Kin Lee
- Department of Curriculum and Instruction, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong.,Centre for Religious and Spirituality Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Eric Kwan Wai Yu
- Department of Literature and Cultural Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Arita W Y Chan
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Angel Nga Man Leung
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong.,Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Rebecca Y M Cheung
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong.,Centre for Child and Family Science, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Chin Wa Li
- Centre for Religious and Spirituality Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong.,Department of International Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Raymond Ho-Man Kong
- Department of Curriculum and Instruction, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Junjun Chen
- Department of Education Policy and Leadership, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Sarah Lai Yin Wan
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong.,Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Christine Hau Yu Tang
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong.,Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Yen Na Yum
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong.,Integrated Centre for Wellbeing, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Da Jiang
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong.,Integrated Centre for Wellbeing, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Lixun Wang
- Department of Linguistics and Modern Language Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Chun Yip Tse
- Centre for Language in Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
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Developing Resilience from Attachment Anxiety/Avoidance: The Roles of Self-Compassion and Self-Efficacy in An Adolescent Sample in the U.S. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COUNSELLING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10447-022-09468-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yang F, Oka T. The role of mindfulness and attachment security in facilitating resilience. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:69. [PMID: 35296358 PMCID: PMC8924741 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00772-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, there has been growing interest in exploring ways to facilitate positive psychological dispositions, including resilience. The goal of the present study was to explore the possibility that trait mindfulness facilitates attachment security and thus enhances resilience. Methods We conducted two studies based on cross-sectional surveys. In Study 1, data of 207 students studying in Japan was collected. In Study 2, we used a different sample of 203 participants and different measurements to replicate the findings of Study 1. Results The results of Study 1 revealed that mindfulness positively predicted resilience, while attachment anxiety and avoidance were mediators between mindfulness and resilience. The results of Study 2 showed that mindfulness positively predicted resilience, and the mediating effect of attachment avoidance was significant, but the mediating effect of attachment anxiety was not significant. Conclusions It is possible to facilitate attachment security through cultivating trait mindfulness, and in this way, resilience could be enhanced. The effect of different components of mindfulness on attachment and resilience requires further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Psychology, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, 3-chōme-25-40, Sakurajōsui, Setagaya City, Tokyo, 156-8550, Japan
| | - Takashi Oka
- Department of Psychology, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, 3-chōme-25-40, Sakurajōsui, Setagaya City, Tokyo, 156-8550, Japan.
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29
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Ma J, Liu C, Bao H, Gu X. How to ward off the threat of workplace ostracism? The merit of self-compassion. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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30
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Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Psychological Hardiness, Social Isolation and Loneliness of Women with Breast Cancer. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND BASIC RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.52547/jcbr.6.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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31
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Deniz ME, Satici SA, Doenyas C, Caglar A. Self-Compassion Scale for Youth: Turkish Adaptation and Exploration of the Relationship with Resilience, Depression, and Well-being. CHILD INDICATORS RESEARCH 2022; 15:1255-1267. [PMID: 35126783 PMCID: PMC8800551 DOI: 10.1007/s12187-022-09915-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Self-compassion refers to being kind, understanding, and accepting toward oneself in times of failure, frustration, or negative feelings. Since self-compassion is related to both physical and psychological well-being, measuring and understanding self-compassion in different populations carries importance for their mental well-being and life satisfaction outcomes. One such group is the youth, who experience unique developmental challenges. For this purpose, a Self-Compassion Scale for Youth (SCS-Y) was developed (Neff et al., 2021) and this paper presents its Turkish adaptation. The Turkish translation of SCS-Y was tested on a sample of Turkish youth (N = 450, 61.8% female, M age= 13.09 ± 1.59, range = 11-15) and was found to have acceptable reliability. The scale showed a similar structure to the original testing on American youth with a bifactor model of a general self-compassion score and six subscale scores, and a two-bifactor model where negative and positive aspects are grouped together. Self-compassion was positively related to resilience and well-being, and negatively related to depression. A serial mediation analysis showed self-compassion to have a direct and positive effect on resilience, and to have an indirect effect on well-being mediated by resilience and depression. Given that the trainable skill of self-compassion is associated with higher resilience, lower depression, and better well-being, the value of this scale and its different adaptations becomes evident, as they enable measuring self-compassion in youth in various populations such as the present Turkish one and guiding the design of future interventions to increase self-compassion, targeted for the specific concerns of the youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Engin Deniz
- Department of Psychological Counseling, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seydi Ahmet Satici
- Department of Psychological Counseling, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey
| | - Ceymi Doenyas
- Department of Psychological Counseling, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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32
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Chi X, Jiang W, Guo T, Hall DL, Luberto CM, Zou L. Relationship between adverse childhood experiences and anxiety symptoms among Chinese adolescents: The role of self-compassion and social support. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-13. [PMID: 35035184 PMCID: PMC8741560 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02534-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) create a significant and lasting effect of increased anxiety. However, few studies have examined the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this relation. The present study aimed to explore the mediating role of self-compassion and moderating role of social support in ACEs-anxiety relationship among Chinese adolescents. In this cross-sectional study, 1,764 middle school students completed questionnaires measuring their levels of ACEs, anxiety, self-compassion (SC), and social support. Correlations of variables were computed using Pearson's r. Mediation and moderated mediation models were tested using PROCESS macro with the regression bootstrapping method. After covariates (age and gender) were controlled, results showed that: (1) ACEs were positively associated with anxiety symptoms; (2) self-compassion partially mediated the ACEs-anxiety association; (3) both ACEs-anxiety and SC-anxiety relationships were moderated by social support. Specifically, social support was associated with lower anxiety, particularly among students with fewer ACEs or lower level of self-compassion. Reducing possible adversities existing in environment may help to reduce risk of anxiety for adolescents. Cultivating self-compassion is crucial for adolescents' mental health, since it may play a role in ACEs-anxiety relationship. Social support would operate as a buffer to ACEs in the relation with anxiety, under the circumstances of mild adversities, and a promoter to self-compassion in the relation with anxiety, under the circumstances of low self-compassion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Chi
- Exercise Psychophysiology Laboratory, Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Weiwei Jiang
- Exercise Psychophysiology Laboratory, Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Tianyou Guo
- Exercise Psychophysiology Laboratory, Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Daniel L. Hall
- Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, MA Boston, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114 USA
| | - Christina M. Luberto
- Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, MA Boston, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114 USA
| | - Liye Zou
- Exercise Psychophysiology Laboratory, Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
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Nazari N, Hernández RM, Ocaña-Fernandez Y, Griffiths MD. Psychometric Validation of the Persian Self-Compassion Scale Youth Version. Mindfulness (N Y) 2022; 13:385-397. [PMID: 35018198 PMCID: PMC8736317 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-021-01801-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Empirical research investigating self-compassion is a rapidly developing field, and it is potentially crucial in early adolescence. The primary aim of the present study was to psychometrically evaluate the Persian translation of the Self-Compassion Scale Youth version (SCS-Y) and evaluate its factor structure among young adolescents. The second aim was to explore the buffering effect of self-compassion against the negative effect of difficulties in emotion regulation on COVID-19-related anxiety. METHODS A sample of young students (n = 532; mean age 13.57 years) completed an online survey, which included the SCS-Y, Patient Health Questionnaire, Difficulties In Emotion Regulation Scale, Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, Youth Life Orientation Test, Brief Resilience Scale, and Brief 10-Item Big Five Inventory. First-order (six-factor) confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and bi-factor exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) analysis were used to evaluate the factor structure of the SCS-Y. RESULTS Results showed that the SCS-Y had very good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient: 0.88; McDonald's omega coefficient: 0.90), composite reliability (0.87), and adequate test-retest reliability after 4 weeks (0.60). The first-order (six-factor) CFA and bi-factor ESEM analysis demonstrated the SCS-Y had excellent dimensionality. Further analysis found negative associations between self-compassion with both depression and neuroticism, and positive associations between self-compassion with both resilience and optimism. Moreover, self-compassion moderated the association between emotion dysregulation and anxiety generated by the COVID-19. Overall, the findings indicated that the SCS-Y had acceptable criterion-related validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide evidence that the SCS-Y is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing the six factors of self-compassion among younger adolescents. Based on the study's findings, self-compassion appears to be a protective factor against mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic for younger adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabi Nazari
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ronald M. Hernández
- Unidad de Virtualización Académica, Universidad de San Martin de Porres, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Division, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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Bluth K, Lathren C, Clepper-Faith M, Larson LM, Ogunbamowo DO, Pflum S. Improving Mental Health Among Transgender Adolescents: Implementing Mindful Self-Compassion for Teens. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/07435584211062126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary outcomes of an online self-compassion intervention for transgender adolescents, with the aim of improving mental health. Participants identified as transgender or gender expansive, were between the ages of 13 and 17, and lived in the U.S. or Canada. The empirically-based self-compassion program, Mindful Self-Compassion for Teens (formerly Making Friends with Yourself) was implemented in eight 1.5 hour sessions on the Zoom platform by two trained instructors. Surveys were administered pre-, post-intervention, and at 3 months follow-up, and qualitative data were collected through end-of-program interviews and open-ended questions on the post-survey. All protocols were approved by the university IRB. Quantitative data analysis included repeated measures ANOVAs, and qualitative data were analyzed via both inductive and deductive methods. Results indicated that all but one psychosocial measure significantly improved from pre- to post-intervention, which then significantly improved at 3-month follow-up; most other improvements were maintained at follow-up. Four themes emerged from the qualitative data: virtual safe space; connection to body; personal growth; and recommended course changes and are discussed. Results suggest that self-compassion interventions can be incorporated into therapy programs to support and improve mental health for transgender adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Bluth
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
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Chi XL, Huang QM, Liu XF, Huang LY, Hu MJ, Chen ZJ, Jiao C, Stubbs B, Hossain MM, Zou LY. Self-compassion and resilience mediate the relationship between childhood exposure to domestic violence and posttraumatic growth/stress disorder during COVID-19 pandemic. World J Psychiatry 2021; 11:1106-1115. [PMID: 34888177 PMCID: PMC8613750 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v11.i11.1106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have indicated that childhood exposure to domestic violence is a common factor in posttraumatic growth (PTG) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but it is unclear whether PTG and PTSD share a common/different underlying mechanism. AIM To explore the common/different underlying mechanism of PTG and PTSD. METHODS Between February 12 and 17, 2020, a nationwide cross-sectional online survey was conducted in China among 2038 university students, and a self-administered questionnaire was used for the data collection. The data included demographic characteristics, such as age, gender, and subjective social economic status, and childhood exposure to domestic violence scale that was selected from the Chinese version of revised Adverse Childhood Experiences Question, Self-compassion Scale, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, and the Abbreviated PTSD Checklist-Civilian version. A structural equation model was used to test the hypotheses. RESULTS Exposure to domestic violence was significantly associated with PTG and PTSD via a 1-step indirect path of self-compassion (PTG: β = -0.023, 95%CI: -0.44 to -0.007; PTSD: β = 0.008, 95%CI: 0.002, 0.014) and via a 2-step indirect path from self-compassion to resilience (PTG: β = -0.008, 95%CI: -0.018 to -0.002; PTSD: β = 0.013, 95%CI: 0.004-0.024). However, resilience did not mediate the relationship between exposure to domestic violence and PTG and PTSD. CONCLUSION PTG and PTSD are common results of childhood exposure to domestic violence, which may be influenced by self-compassion and resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Li Chi
- Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qiao-Min Huang
- Guangdong Polytechnic, Foshan 528041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Liu
- Longhua No. 2 Experimental School Affiliated Hongchuang Kindergarten, Shenzhen 518100, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Liu-Yue Huang
- Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Meng-Jian Hu
- Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhi-Jing Chen
- Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Can Jiao
- Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London & Maudsley NHS Fdn Trust, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - M Mahbub Hossain
- School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, Texas, TX 77843, United States
| | - Li-Ye Zou
- Exercise Psychophysiology Laboratory, Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong Province, China
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Anderson K, Priebe S. Concepts of Resilience in Adolescent Mental Health Research. J Adolesc Health 2021; 69:689-695. [PMID: 34045094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Strengthening the resilience of adolescents is central to promoting long-term mental health outcomes, but resilience is a widely used term, often applied in different ways. We explored how resilience is understood in the adolescent mental health literature and developed a framework that synthesizes the core characteristics of different resilience concepts. METHODS Systematic searches of electronic databases, hand searches of reference lists and known work on resilience, and multidisciplinary team discussions were employed, and articles with explicit conceptualizations of resilience in adolescent mental health literature were included. After screening 9,562 articles, 105 articles were retained, analyzed and used to refine a framework. RESULTS Three dimensions capture the various concepts of resilience, each with two end points: (1) resilience as withstanding adversity without any distress versus overcoming the distress resulting from adversity; (2) resilience as an existing trait versus as a process over time; and (3) resilience of individuals versus resilience of groups. CONCLUSION Concepts of resilience in adolescence can be clearly categorized within three distinct dimensions. Referring to this framework may help to clarify and compare different concepts of resilience of adolescents in mental health research as well as at a policy level and in clinical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley Anderson
- Unit for Social & Community Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Services Development, Queen Mary University of London, East London NHS Foundation Trust. Newham Centre for Mental Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Priebe
- Unit for Social & Community Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Services Development, Queen Mary University of London, East London NHS Foundation Trust. Newham Centre for Mental Health, London, United Kingdom.
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Self-Compassion in Irish Social Work Students: Relationships between Resilience, Engagement and Motivation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18158187. [PMID: 34360476 PMCID: PMC8346051 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18158187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Self-compassion recognises a meaning of life’s suffering, aligning with existential positive psychology. Although this construct is known to protect our mental health, how to augment self-compassion remains to be evaluated. Social work students suffer from high rates of mental health problems; however, research into self-compassion in this population remains to be developed. This study aimed to evaluate (i) relationships between self-compassion and more traditional positive constructs—resilience, engagement and motivation, and (ii) differences of these constructs between the levels of studies to inform how self-compassion can be enhanced in social work students. A total of 129 Irish social work students completed self-report scales regarding self-compassion, resilience, engagement and motivation. Correlation, regression and one-way MANOVA were conducted. Self-compassion was associated with gender, age, resilience, engagement and intrinsic motivation. Resilience and intrinsic motivation were significant predictors of self-compassion. There was no significant difference in the levels of these constructs between the levels of studies. Findings suggest that social work educators across different levels can strengthen students’ resilience and intrinsic motivation to cultivate the students’ self-compassion. Moreover, the close relationships between self-compassion, resilience and intrinsic motivation indicate that orienting students to the meaning of the studies helps their mental health.
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38
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The flows of compassion in adolescents as measured by the compassionate engagement and action scales. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02097-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Symptom centrality and infrequency of endorsement identify adolescent depression symptoms more strongly associated with life satisfaction. J Affect Disord 2021; 289:90-97. [PMID: 33962367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although depression symptoms are often treated as interchangeable, some symptoms may relate to adolescent life satisfaction more strongly than others. To assess this premise, we first conducted a network analysis on the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ) in a large (N = 1,059), cross-sectional sample of community adolescents (age M = 14.72 ± 1.79). The most central symptoms of adolescent depression, as indexed by strength, were self-hatred, loneliness, sadness, and worthlessness while the least frequently endorsed symptoms were self-hatred, anhedonia, feeling like a bad person, and feeling unloved. Moreover, the more central a depression symptom was in the network (i.e., higher strength), the more variance it shared with life satisfaction (r = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.27, 0.76). How frequently a symptom was endorsed was negatively associated with the variance symptoms shared with life satisfaction (r = -0.48, 95% CI: -0.63, -0.21). Cross-validated, prediction focused models found central symptoms were expected to predict more out of fold variance in life satisfaction than peripheral symptoms and frequently endorsed symptoms, but not the least frequently endorsed symptoms. These findings show certain depression symptoms may be more strongly associated with life satisfaction in adolescence and these symptoms can be identified by multiple symptom-level metrics. Limitations include use of cross-sectional data and utilizing a community sample. Better understanding which symptoms of depression share more variance with important outcomes like life satisfaction could help us develop a more fine-grained understanding of adolescent depression.
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Ponkosonsirilert T, Laemsak O, Pisitsungkagarn K, Jarukasemthawee S, Audboon S, Leangsuksant T. Stress, self-compassion, and school burnout in Thai high school students. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2020; 34:343-349. [PMID: 32853165 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2020-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives High school has been recognized as a critical period for many students. With the upcoming competition for university admission, they tend to encounter significant stress. Exceeding its optimal level, stress became debilitating and could escalate into school burnout, which entailed various negative outcomes. The current study, hence, was aimed to identify a protective factor that helped mediate the relationship between stress and school burnout in Thai high school students. Self-compassion was selected here, given its relevant conceptual grounds and its cultural relevance (i.e., Thai individuals shown to be particularly oriented toward self-compassion). Methods Data were collected from 170 Thai high school students, who responded to measures of stress, self-compassion, and school burnout. A structural equation model (SEM) was used to test the hypothetical model where the positive association between stress and school burnout was mediated by self-compassion. Results All indices of the model fits were confirmed, and the proposed model explained 80% of the variance in school burnout. Conclusion The role of self-compassion in alleviating the impact of stress on school burnout was shown and relevant implications were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Orawee Laemsak
- Faculty of Psychology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Siripat Audboon
- Faculty of Psychology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Henje E, Rindestig FC, Gilbert P, Dennhag I. Psychometric validity of the Compassionate Engagement and Action Scale for Adolescents: a Swedish version. Scand J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Psychol 2020; 8:70-80. [PMID: 33520779 PMCID: PMC7685496 DOI: 10.21307/sjcapp-2020-007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence that compassion is linked to mental health and well-being while difficulties in receiving and expressing compassion to self and others is associated with mental health and social difficulties. For the most part the self-report scales that measure these processes have been developed for adults and little is known how they function in adolescents. This study investigates a Swedish adaption for adolescents of the Compassionate Engagement and Action Scales (CEAS), developed by Gilbert et al. (2017) for adults. This assesses different competencies associated with being compassionate to others, the experience receiving compassion from others, and being compassionate with one-self. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the psychometric properties and gender differences of CEAS for Youths - Swedish version (CEASY-SE), in a school-sample of adolescents (n = 316) aged 15-20 years. METHOD The Compassionate Engagement and Action Scales were translated into Swedish. A back-translation method was used. It was then adapted for adolescents with age-appropriate language. Adolescents were recruited by research assistants at two public high schools. RESULTS After removing one item of each subscale, the dimensionalities of the three scales were good. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that engagement and action constituted different dimensions in each scale. Internal consistency was good to excellent in all three sub-scales (α from 0.74 to 0.92). Intra Class Correlations demonstrated good to excellent test-retest reliability over a period of three weeks (0.67 to 0.85). Convergent and divergent validity were as expected, except for Compassion for others, which did not correlate with anxiety and depression symptoms as expected. Girls showed less self-compassion compared to boys and more compassion for others. CONCLUSIONS Present study suggests that CEASY-SE has good to excellent psychometric properties and further study is needed for more definite establishment of the psychometric properties. Girls and boys have different patterns of compassion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Henje
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Clinical Sciences, Umea University, Sweden
| | | | - Paul Gilbert
- Clinical Psychology, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Inga Dennhag
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Clinical Sciences, Umea University, Sweden
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Neff KD, Bluth K, Tóth-Király I, Davidson O, Knox MC, Williamson Z, Costigan A. Development and Validation of the Self-Compassion Scale for Youth. J Pers Assess 2020; 103:92-105. [PMID: 32125190 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2020.1729774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We present a series of studies on the development and validation of the Self-Compassion Scale-Youth version (SCS-Y), which is intended for use with early adolescents in middle school. Study 1 (N = 279, Mage = 12.17) describes the selection of 17 items out of a pool of 36 potential items, with three items each representing the subscales of self-kindness, mindfulness, common humanity, self-judgment, isolation, and two items representing over-identification. Using state-of-the-art psychometric analyses ideal for examining multidimensional constructs like self-compassion-bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling (bifactor-ESEM)-findings supported the use of a general self-compassion score and six subscale scores. Study 2 cross-validated the factor structure of the SCS-Y with a second sample of youths (N = 402, Mage = 12.43). Study 3 found support for the test-retest reliability of the SCS-Y (N = 102, Mage = 12.52). Study 4 (N = 212, Mage = 12.18) established construct validity for the SCS-Y by demonstrating that SCS-Y scores were significantly associated with mindfulness, happiness, life-satisfaction, depression, resilience, and achievement goal orientation in expected directions. Overall, findings suggest that the SCS-Y is a reliable and valid measure of self-compassion for use with youths.
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Lathren C, Bluth K, Park J. Adolescent Self-Compassion Moderates the Relationship Between Perceived Stress and Internalizing Symptoms. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019; 143:36-41. [PMID: 32042216 PMCID: PMC7009781 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Self-compassion, a trait that involves responding to one's difficulties with care and concern, may offer unique stress coping benefits during the challenges of adolescence. METHODS This cross-sectional study used survey data from a large adolescent sample within two U.S. school settings (N=1,057; 65% female; 68% white; mean age 14.7 years) to examine whether self-compassion buffers the impact of perceived stress on internalizing symptoms, and secondarily, if these relationships differ by gender. RESULTS Regression analysis revealed self-compassion is inversely related to internalizing symptoms. Moreover, the relationship between stress and depression and anxiety symptoms differed by level of self-compassion. This moderation effect was similar between genders for depressive symptoms, but slightly greater in males compared to females for anxiety. CONCLUSIONS These results add to our understanding of self-compassion as an adaptive emotion regulation strategy with potential benefits for youth experiencing stress. Further research is needed to confirm if moderation effects for anxiety differ by gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Lathren
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Program on Integrative Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Box 7200, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514 USA 919-966-8586
| | - Karen Bluth
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Jinyoung Park
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Program on Integrative Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Box 7200, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514 USA 919-966-8586
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