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Launbo NP, Pedersen HE, van Elst C, Grunnet LG, Færch K, Finlayson G, Quist JS, Beaulieu K. Food perceptions related to appetite and weight management among individuals with different weight and diabetes status. Appetite 2025; 209:107927. [PMID: 39993449 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2025.107927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2025] [Accepted: 02/21/2025] [Indexed: 02/26/2025]
Abstract
Food perceptions play a critical role in shaping appetite control and eating behaviour, influencing food choices and energy intake. This study aimed to explore how individuals with varying weight and diabetes status perceive food in relation to appetite and weight management, specifically examining associations with hedonic overeating, successful weight management, healthiness, and satiating capacity. An online survey with 28 food images (7 from each of the combined food categories, i.e., high-fat/sweet, low-fat/sweet, high-fat/savoury, and low-fat/savoury was completed by 349 responders: 90 people with normal weight (NW), 137 with overweight or obesity (OW/OB), and 122 with overweight or obesity and type 2 diabetes (OW/OB + T2D). Individuals with OW/OB + T2D rated high-fat foods higher for their association with successful weight management compared to other groups, while those with OW/OB scored low-fat sweet foods higher than others. The OW/OB + T2D group generally perceived low-fat foods as less healthy, except for low-fat/sweet foods, where their ratings aligned with those of NW participants. Notably, NW participants rated foods as the most filling across categories, followed by OW/OB, with the OW/OB + T2D group giving the lowest ratings for satiating capacity. These findings suggest that weight and diabetes status influence food perceptions, particularly regarding their perceived healthiness, satiating capacity, and role in successful weight management. These findings underscore the intricate relationship between food perceptions, weight, and diabetes status, emphasizing the importance of tailoring dietary guidelines and interventions to suit the specific characteristics of different groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natja Poder Launbo
- Copenhagen University Hospital, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 83, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Hanne Enghoff Pedersen
- Copenhagen University Hospital, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 83, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Christina van Elst
- Copenhagen University Hospital, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 83, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Louise Groth Grunnet
- Copenhagen University Hospital, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 83, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Kristine Færch
- Copenhagen University Hospital, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 83, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Graham Finlayson
- Copenhagen University Hospital, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 83, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; School of Psychology, University of Leeds, University Road, Woodhouse, Leeds LS2 9JT, England, United Kingdom
| | - Jonas Salling Quist
- Copenhagen University Hospital, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 83, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; School of Psychology, University of Leeds, University Road, Woodhouse, Leeds LS2 9JT, England, United Kingdom; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Kristine Beaulieu
- Copenhagen University Hospital, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 83, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; School of Psychology, University of Leeds, University Road, Woodhouse, Leeds LS2 9JT, England, United Kingdom
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Locatelli G, Matus A, Lin CY, Vellone E, Riegel B. Symptom perception in adults with chronic physical disease: A systematic review of insular impairments. Heart Lung 2025; 70:122-140. [PMID: 39662138 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2024.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2024] [Revised: 10/22/2024] [Accepted: 11/03/2024] [Indexed: 12/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To perform self-care, individuals with a chronic illness must be able to perceive bodily changes (ie., interoception) so they can respond to symptoms when they arise. Interoception is regulated by the insular cortex of the brain. Symptom perception is poor in various physical diseases, which may be associated with impairments in the insular cortex. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to explore whether patterns of insular impairment exist among adults with chronic physical diseases and to analyze the relationship with disease-related symptoms. METHODS We identified studies that assessed the structure and/or activity of the insula through MRI and/or (f)MRI in adults with chronic physical diseases (vs. healthy controls) by searching five databases. Results are reported as a narrative synthesis. RESULTS Fifty studies were conducted to investigate the structure or activity of the insula among adults with diabetes, cancer, heart failure, or chronic pulmonary disease. In 19 studies investigators found that patients with a chronic disease had lower/damaged insular volume/density/thickness than healthy controls or reduced insular blood flow. When insular activity was explored in 22 studies, most investigators reported higher insular activity and lower neural connectivity. Five studies explored the association between insular volume/activity and symptom severity: four reported a positive trend. CONCLUSION People with chronic physical diseases have lower insular grey matter volume/density/thickness and abnormal insular activity when compared to healthy people. Insular activity may be related to symptom severity. These results suggest that insular structure and/or activity may explain poor symptom perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Locatelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Austin Matus
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chin-Yen Lin
- College of Nursing, Auburn University, Auburn, USA
| | - Ercole Vellone
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy; Department of Nursing and Obstetrics, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
| | - Barbara Riegel
- Center for Home Care Policy & Research at VNS Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA; School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, 418 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Saito J, Kumano H. Psychosocial factors influencing dietary management in patients with type 2 diabetes and healthy adults: an ecological momentary assessment approach. Front Psychol 2025; 15:1464542. [PMID: 39839927 PMCID: PMC11745877 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1464542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 10/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary management in diabetic patients is affected by psychosocial factors and the social-environmental context. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) allows patients to consistently report their experiences in real-time over a certain period and across different contexts. Despite the importance of dietary management, only a few EMA studies have been conducted on dietary management and psychosocial factors in patients with type 2 diabetes; further evidence must be gathered. Therefore, this study examined dietary management and psychosocial factors using EMA, comparing type 2 diabetes patients with healthy adults. Methods A total of 20 patients with type 2 diabetes and 16 healthy adults underwent EMA. Relying on event-contingent recordings, this study evaluated the participants' mood (e.g., anxiety, anger, vigor), appetite (hunger, craving), meal types (e.g., breakfast), location (e.g., eating out), companions (e.g., family), and dietary lapses (e.g., I ate a larger portion of a meal or snack than I intended) before and after meals. Dietary lapse recording after meals was paired with psychosocial data before meals. Only the type 2 diabetes patients used a sensor-based glucose monitoring system (Freestyle Libre Pro, Abbot) and wearable activity monitors (GT3X-BT, ActiGraph). Results The EMA produced a total of 4,254 responses. Dietary lapse predicted two-hour postprandial glucose through a sensor-based glucose monitoring system. Multilevel logistic regression analyses were performed. For diabetes patients, dietary lapse was affected by vigor, fatigue, and cravings before eating. Meanwhile, for healthy adults, only fatigue before meals affected dietary lapse, and increased vigor from dietary intake was associated with dietary lapse. In both type 2 diabetes patients and healthy adults, eating-out situations were linked to dietary lapse. Conclusion The results suggest differences in psychosocial factors influencing dietary lapse between patients with type 2 diabetes and healthy adults. EMA is well suited to assess psychosocial factors that drive dietary management in diabetic patients. This study further discussed the possibility of individual approaches using EMA data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Saito
- Comprehensive Research Organization, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kumano
- Comprehensive Research Organization, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
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Oliel Y, Ravona‐Springer R, Harel M, Azuri J, Moshe CB, Tanne D, Haratz S, Bendlin BB, Beeri MS, Livny A. The role of cerebrovascular reactivity on brain activation during a working memory task in type 2 diabetes. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2025; 17:e70045. [PMID: 40078378 PMCID: PMC11899760 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.70045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 11/06/2024] [Accepted: 11/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2025]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Impaired cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) is common in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients and is a risk factor for dementia. However, most prior functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies in T2D disregarded the impact of impaired CVR on brain activation patterns. This study investigated the relationship between CVR and brain activation during an fMRI task in T2D patients. METHODS Seventy-four T2D patients underwent a working-memory (WM) fMRI task. CVR was measured by the breath-holding index test using transcranial Doppler (TCD). Regression analyses examined associations between CVR and brain activation and between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and activation with/without adjusting for CVR. RESULTS An association between CVR and brain activation was found in the left middle and inferior frontal gyri. Adjusting for CVR led to a different pattern of HbA1c-related activation. DISCUSSION The findings highlight methodological implications, emphasizing the importance of accounting for impaired CVR when analyzing and interpreting fMRI data in T2D patients. Highlights The study found that cerebrovascular reactivity impacts brain activation patterns during a working memory task in type 2 diabetes patients.Accounting for cerebrovascular reactivity altered the brain regions showing activation related to working memory and glycemic control.The findings highlight the importance of considering vascular factors when interpreting fMRI data in populations with vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarden Oliel
- Division of Diagnostic ImagingSheba Medical CenterRamat GanIsrael
| | - Ramit Ravona‐Springer
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience CenterSheba Medical CenterRamat GanIsrael
- Memory ClinicSheba Medical CenterRamat GanIsrael
- Faculty of Medical & Health SciencesTel‐Aviv UniversityTel Aviv‐YafoIsrael
| | - Maayan Harel
- Division of Diagnostic ImagingSheba Medical CenterRamat GanIsrael
| | - Joseph Azuri
- Faculty of Medical & Health SciencesTel‐Aviv UniversityTel Aviv‐YafoIsrael
- Maccabi Healthcare ServicesTel AvivIsrael
| | - Chen Botvin Moshe
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience CenterSheba Medical CenterRamat GanIsrael
- Faculty of Medical & Health SciencesTel‐Aviv UniversityTel Aviv‐YafoIsrael
| | - David Tanne
- Stroke and Cognition InstituteRambam Health Care CampusHaifaIsrael
- Samson Assuta Ashdod University HospitalAshdodIsrael
| | - Salo Haratz
- Samson Assuta Ashdod University HospitalAshdodIsrael
| | - Barbara B Bendlin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Michal Schnaider Beeri
- Krieger Klein Alzheimer's Research CenterBrain Health InstituteRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Abigail Livny
- Division of Diagnostic ImagingSheba Medical CenterRamat GanIsrael
- Faculty of Medical & Health SciencesTel‐Aviv UniversityTel Aviv‐YafoIsrael
- Sagol School of NeuroscienceTel‐Aviv UniversityTel Aviv‐YafoIsrael
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Budnik-Przybylska D, Fituch M, Kowalewska A. Why Should Diabetic Women Be Active?-The Role of Personality, Self-Esteem, Body-Esteem, and Imagery. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:857. [PMID: 38667619 PMCID: PMC11050508 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12080857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the fastest spreading diseases in the 21st century. The aim of the study is twofold: (1) to find differences in personality traits, self-esteem, body-esteem, and imagery between healthy women and women with diabetes; (2) to verify whether there are differences in the analyzed factors among women with diabetes who engage in sports compared to those who do not. We used 3 questionnaires: Imagination in Sport-short form, Self-Esteem Scale (SES), and BFIS Personality, which were tested online. We found that women with diabetes were characterized by significantly higher neuroticism, lower extraversion, and higher conscientiousness (marginally significant). We also found that women with diabetes who practice sport rated their bodies more highly in terms of sexual attractiveness and made better use of imagined affirmations than women without diabetes who were not active. Our study provides new insights into diabetics in terms of women navigating the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Budnik-Przybylska
- Sport Psychology Division, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, University of Gdansk, 80-309 Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Aleksandra Kowalewska
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, University of Gdansk, 80-309 Gdansk, Poland;
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Timasheva Y, Balkhiyarova Z, Avzaletdinova D, Morugova T, Korytina GF, Nouwen A, Prokopenko I, Kochetova O. Mendelian Randomization Analysis Identifies Inverse Causal Relationship between External Eating and Metabolic Phenotypes. Nutrients 2024; 16:1166. [PMID: 38674857 PMCID: PMC11054043 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Disordered eating contributes to weight gain, obesity, and type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the precise mechanisms underlying the development of different eating patterns and connecting them to specific metabolic phenotypes remain unclear. We aimed to identify genetic variants linked to eating behaviour and investigate its causal relationships with metabolic traits using Mendelian randomization (MR). We tested associations between 30 genetic variants and eating patterns in individuals with T2D from the Volga-Ural region and investigated causal relationships between variants associated with eating patterns and various metabolic and anthropometric traits using data from the Volga-Ural population and large international consortia. We detected associations between HTR1D and CDKAL1 and external eating; between HTR2A and emotional eating; between HTR2A, NPY2R, HTR1F, HTR3A, HTR2C, CXCR2, and T2D. Further analyses in a separate group revealed significant associations between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the loci in CRP, ADCY3, GHRL, CDKAL1, BDNF, CHRM4, CHRM1, HTR3A, and AKT1 genes. MR results demonstrated an inverse causal relationship between external eating and glycated haemoglobin levels in the Volga-Ural sample. External eating influenced anthropometric traits such as body mass index, height, hip circumference, waist circumference, and weight in GWAS cohorts. Our findings suggest that eating patterns impact both anthropometric and metabolic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanina Timasheva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia; (G.F.K.); (O.K.)
- Department of Medical Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa 450008, Russia;
| | - Zhanna Balkhiyarova
- Section of Statistical Multi-Omics, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences & Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK; (Z.B.); (I.P.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa 450008, Russia;
| | - Diana Avzaletdinova
- Department of Medical Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa 450008, Russia;
- Department of Endocrinology, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa 450008, Russia;
| | - Tatyana Morugova
- Department of Endocrinology, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa 450008, Russia;
| | - Gulnaz F. Korytina
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia; (G.F.K.); (O.K.)
- Department of Biology, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa 450008, Russia
| | - Arie Nouwen
- Department of Psychology, Middlesex University, London NW4 4BT, UK;
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Section of Statistical Multi-Omics, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences & Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK; (Z.B.); (I.P.)
| | - Olga Kochetova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia; (G.F.K.); (O.K.)
- Department of Biology, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa 450008, Russia
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Alabdulkader S, Al-Alsheikh AS, Miras AD, Goldstone AP. Obesity surgery and neural correlates of human eating behaviour: A systematic review of functional MRI studies. Neuroimage Clin 2024; 41:103563. [PMID: 38237270 PMCID: PMC10828606 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Changes in eating behaviour including reductions in appetite and food intake, and healthier food cue reactivity, reward, hedonics and potentially also preference, contribute to weight loss and its health benefits after obesity surgery. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been increasingly used to interrogate the neural correlates of eating behaviour in obesity, including brain reward-cognitive systems, changes after obesity surgery, and links with alterations in the gut-hormone-brain axis. Neural responses to food cues can be measured by changes in blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal in brain regions involved in reward processing, including caudate, putamen, nucleus accumbens, insula, amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, and top-down inhibitory control, including dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). This systematic review aimed to examine: (i) results of human fMRI studies involving obesity surgery, (ii) important methodological differences in study design across studies, and (iii) correlations and associations of fMRI findings with clinical outcomes, other eating behaviour measures and mechanistic measures. Of 741 articles identified, 23 were eligible for inclusion: 16 (69.6%) longitudinal, two (8.7%) predictive, and five (21.7%) cross-sectional studies. Seventeen studies (77.3%) included patients having Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery, six (26.1%) vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), and five (21.7%) laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB). The majority of studies (86.0%) were identified as having a very low risk of bias, though only six (27.3%) were controlled interventional studies, with none including randomisation to surgical and control interventions. The remaining studies (14.0%) had a low risk of bias driven by their control groups not having an active treatment. After RYGB surgery, food cue reactivity often decreased or was unchanged in brain reward systems, and there were inconsistent findings as to whether reductions in food cue reactivity was greater for high-energy than low-energy foods. There was minimal evidence from studies of VSG and LAGB surgeries for changes in food cue reactivity in brain reward systems, though effects of VSG surgery on food cue reactivity in the dlPFC were more consistently found. There was consistent evidence for post-operative increases in satiety gut hormones glucagon-like-peptide 1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY) mediating reduced food cue reactivity after RYGB surgery, including two interventional studies. Methodological heterogeneity across studies, including nutritional state, nature of food cues, post-operative timing, lack of control groups for order effects and weight loss or dietary/psychological advice, and often small sample sizes, limited the conclusions that could be drawn, especially for correlational analyses with clinical outcomes, other eating behaviour measures and potential mediators. This systematic review provides a detailed data resource for those performing or analysing fMRI studies of obesity surgery and makes suggestions to help improve reporting and design of such studies, as well as future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahd Alabdulkader
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, PO Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Alhanouf S Al-Alsheikh
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK; Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Alexander D Miras
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK; Ulster University, School of Medicine, Faculty of Life & Health Sciences, Londonderry, Northern Ireland BT48 7JL, UK.
| | - Anthony P Goldstone
- PsychoNeuroEndocrinology Research Group, Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK.
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Lesniara-Stachon A, Quansah DY, Schenk S, Retsa C, Halter RJ, Murray MM, Lacroix A, Horsch A, Toepel U, Puder JJ. Brain responses to food viewing in women during pregnancy and post partum and their relationship with metabolic health: study protocol for the FOODY Brain Study, a prospective observational study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e067013. [PMID: 37072356 PMCID: PMC10124253 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Food cravings are common in pregnancy and along with emotional eating and eating in the absence of hunger, they are associated with excessive weight gain and adverse effects on metabolic health including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Women with GDM also show poorer mental health, which further can contribute to dysregulated eating behaviour. Food cravings can lead to greater activity in brain centres known to be involved in food 'wanting' and reward valuation as well as emotional eating. They are also related to gestational weight gain. Thus, there is a great need to link implicit brain responses to food with explicit measures of food intake behaviour, especially in the perinatal period. The aim of this study is to investigate the spatiotemporal brain dynamics to visual presentations of food in women during pregnancy and in the post partum, and link these brain responses to the eating behaviour and metabolic health outcomes in women with and without GDM. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This prospective observational study will include 20 women with and 20 without GDM, that have valid data for the primary outcomes. Data will be assessed at 24-36 weeks gestational age and at 6 months post partum. The primary outcomes are brain responses to food pictures of varying carbohydrate and fat content during pregnancy and in the post partum using electroencephalography. Secondary outcomes including depressive symptoms, current mood and eating behaviours will be assessed with questionnaires, objective eating behaviours will be measured using Auracle and stress will be measured with heart rate and heart rate variability (Actiheart). Other secondary outcome measures include body composition and glycaemic control parameters. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The Human Research Ethics Committee of the Canton de Vaud approved the study protocol (2021-01976). Study results will be presented at public and scientific conferences and in peer-reviewed journals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lesniara-Stachon
- Obstetric Service, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dan Yedu Quansah
- Obstetric Service, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sybille Schenk
- Obstetric Service, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chrysa Retsa
- Laboratory for Investigative Neurophysiology (the LINE), Radiology Department, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- The Sense Innovation and Research Center, Lausanne and Sion, Switzerland
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ryan J Halter
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Micah M Murray
- Laboratory for Investigative Neurophysiology (the LINE), Radiology Department, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- The Sense Innovation and Research Center, Lausanne and Sion, Switzerland
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alain Lacroix
- Institute of Higher Education and Research in Healthcare (IUFRS), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Neonatology service, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antje Horsch
- Institute of Higher Education and Research in Healthcare (IUFRS), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Neonatology service, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Toepel
- Laboratory for Investigative Neurophysiology (the LINE), Radiology Department, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jardena J Puder
- Obstetric Service, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Gruber J, Hanssen R, Qubad M, Bouzouina A, Schack V, Sochor H, Schiweck C, Aichholzer M, Matura S, Slattery DA, Zopf Y, Borgland SL, Reif A, Thanarajah SE. Impact of insulin and insulin resistance on brain dopamine signalling and reward processing- an underexplored mechanism in the pathophysiology of depression? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 149:105179. [PMID: 37059404 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes and major depressive disorder (MDD) are the leading causes of disability worldwide and have a high comorbidity rate with fatal outcomes. Despite the long-established association between these conditions, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Since the discovery of insulin receptors in the brain and the brain's reward system, evidence has accumulated indicating that insulin modulates dopaminergic (DA) signalling and reward behaviour. Here, we review the evidence from rodent and human studies, that insulin resistance directly alters central DA pathways, which may result in motivational deficits and depressive symptoms. Specifically, we first elaborate on the differential effects of insulin on DA signalling in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) - the primary DA source region in the midbrain - and the striatum as well as its effects on behaviour. We then focus on the alterations induced by insulin deficiency and resistance. Finally, we review the impact of insulin resistance in DA pathways in promoting depressive symptoms and anhedonia on a molecular and epidemiological level and discuss its relevance for stratified treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Gruber
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ruth Hanssen
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetology and Prevention Medicine, Germany
| | - Mishal Qubad
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Aicha Bouzouina
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Vivi Schack
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hannah Sochor
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Carmen Schiweck
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mareike Aichholzer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Silke Matura
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - David A Slattery
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yurdaguel Zopf
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephanie L Borgland
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sharmili Edwin Thanarajah
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
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Xin H, Fu Y, Feng M, Wang S, Sui C, Gao Y, Zhang N, Guo L, Wen H, Liang C. Altered Intrinsic Brain Activity Related to Neurologic and Motor Dysfunction in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:802-811. [PMID: 36333998 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Brain functional alterations in type 2 diabetes with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) related to motor dysfunction remain largely unknown. OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore intrinsic resting brain activity in DPN. METHODS A total of 28 patients with DPN, 43 patients with diabetes and without DPN (NDPN), and 32 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited and underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. We calculated the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), fractional ALFF (fALFF), and regional homogeneity (ReHo). One-way analysis of covariance was applied to evaluate the above indicators among the 3 groups, and the mean ALFF/fALFF/ReHo values of altered brain regions were then correlated with clinical features of patients. RESULTS Compared with the NDPN group, the DPN group showed significantly decreased ALFF values in the right orbital superior frontal gyrus (ORBsup) and medial superior frontal gyrus (SFGmed), and increased ALFF values in the left inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) and decreased fALFF values in the right SFGmed. Compared with HCs, the NDPN group showed increased ALFF values in the right ORBsup, middle frontal gyrus, and left orbital middle frontal gyrus, and decreased fALFF values in the right middle temporal gyrus. Notably, the mean ALFF values of the right ORBsup were significantly negatively correlated with Toronto Clinical Scoring System scores and gait speed in diabetics. The mean ALFF/fALFF values of right SFGmed and the mean ALFF values of left ITG and right ORBsup were significantly differentiated between DPN and patients witht NDPN in receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. CONCLUSION Patients with DPN have abnormal brain activity in sensorimotor and cognitive brain areas, which may implicate the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms in intrinsic brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Xin
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Yajie Fu
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Abdominal Medical Imaging, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Mengmeng Feng
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Shengpei Wang
- Research Center for Brain-inspired Intelligence Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chaofan Sui
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Yian Gao
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Lingfei Guo
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Hongwei Wen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Changhu Liang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
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11
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Guerrero-Hreins E, Foldi CJ, Oldfield BJ, Stefanidis A, Sumithran P, Brown RM. Gut-brain mechanisms underlying changes in disordered eating behaviour after bariatric surgery: a review. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:733-751. [PMID: 34851508 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09696-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bariatric surgery results in long-term weight loss and an improved metabolic phenotype due to changes in the gut-brain axis regulating appetite and glycaemia. Neuroendocrine alterations associated with bariatric surgery may also influence hedonic aspects of eating by inducing changes in taste preferences and central reward reactivity towards palatable food. However, the impact of bariatric surgery on disordered eating behaviours (e.g.: binge eating, loss-of-control eating, emotional eating and 'addictive eating'), which are commonly present in people with obesity are not well understood. Increasing evidence suggests gut-derived signals, such as appetitive hormones, bile acid profiles, microbiota concentrations and associated neuromodulatory metabolites, can influence pathways in the brain implicated in food intake, including brain areas involved in sensorimotor, reward-motivational, emotional-arousal and executive control components of food intake. As disordered eating prevalence is a key mediator of weight-loss success and patient well-being after bariatric surgery, understanding how changes in the gut-brain axis contribute to disordered eating incidence and severity after bariatric surgery is crucial to better improve treatment outcomes in people with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Guerrero-Hreins
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Claire J Foldi
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Brian J Oldfield
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Aneta Stefanidis
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Priya Sumithran
- Department of Medicine (St Vincent's), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robyn M Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.
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12
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Schneider E, Spetter MS, Martin E, Sapey E, Yip KP, Manolopoulos KN, Tahrani AA, Thomas JM, Lee M, Hallschmid M, Rotshtein P, Dourish CT, Higgs S. The effect of intranasal insulin on appetite and mood in women with and without obesity: an experimental medicine study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:1319-1327. [PMID: 35397638 PMCID: PMC9239904 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01115-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Intranasal (IN) administration of insulin decreases appetite in humans, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear, and it is unknown whether IN insulin affects the food intake of women with obesity. SUBJECTS/METHODS In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design, participants (35 lean women and 17 women with obesity) were randomized to receive 160 IU/1.6 mL of IN insulin or placebo in a counterbalanced order in the post prandial state. The effects of IN insulin on cookie intake, appetite, mood, food reward, cognition and neural activity were assessed. RESULTS IN insulin in the post prandial state reduced cookie intake, appetite and food reward relative to placebo and these effects were more pronounced for women with obesity compared with lean women. IN insulin also improved mood in women with obesity. In both BMI groups, IN insulin increased neural activity in the insula when viewing food pictures. IN insulin did not affect cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that IN insulin decreases palatable food intake when satiated by reducing food reward and that women with obesity may be more sensitive to this effect than lean women. Further investigation of the therapeutic potential of IN insulin for weight management in women with obesity is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Schneider
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Maartje S Spetter
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Elizabeth Martin
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Elizabeth Sapey
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kay Por Yip
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- University of Birmingham Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, Birmingham, UK
| | - Konstantinos N Manolopoulos
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
| | - Abd A Tahrani
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Michelle Lee
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Manfred Hallschmid
- Department of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen (IDM), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pia Rotshtein
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Colin T Dourish
- P1vital Ltd., Wallingford, UK
- P1vital Products Ltd, Wallingford, UK
| | - Suzanne Higgs
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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13
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Schneider E, Dourish CT, Higgs S. Utility of an experimental medicine model to evaluate efficacy, side-effects and mechanism of action of novel treatments for obesity and binge-eating disorder. Appetite 2022; 176:106087. [PMID: 35588993 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and Binge Eating Disorder (BED) are prevalent conditions that are associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. There is evidence that the use of pharmacotherapy alongside behavioural treatments can improve quality of life and reduce disease risk for patients with these disorders. However, there are few approved drug therapies for obesity, and these are limited by poor efficacy and/or side effects and only one drug has been approved for the treatment of BED. There is considerable potential to use experimental medicine models to identify new drug treatments for obesity and BED, with greater efficacy and an improved side effect profile, at an early stage of development. Here, we present a model developed in our laboratory that incorporates both behavioural and neuroimaging measures which can be used to facilitate drug development for obesity and BED. The results from validation studies conducted to date using our model suggest that it is sensitive to the effects of agents with behavioural, neurophysiological and neuropharmacological mechanisms of action known to be associated with weight loss and reductions in binge eating. Future studies using the model will be valuable to evaluate the potential efficacy and side-effects of new candidate drugs at an early stage in the development pipeline for both obesity and BED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Schneider
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
| | - Colin T Dourish
- P1vital Ltd, Howbery Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BA, United Kingdom; P1vital Products Ltd, Howbery Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BA, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne Higgs
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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14
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van Ruiten CC, Ten Kulve JS, van Bloemendaal L, Nieuwdorp M, Veltman DJ, IJzerman RG. Eating behavior modulates the sensitivity to the central effects of GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment: a secondary analysis of a randomized trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 137:105667. [PMID: 35033928 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We investigated if individuals with higher emotional eating scores are less sensitive to the effects of a GLP-1RA on central responses to food cues. Additionally, we investigated the associations of higher external and restraint eating scores with the sensitivity to the central effects of GLP-1RA. METHODS This secondary analysis of a randomized crossover study in people with obesity and type 2 diabetes, consisted of two periods of 12-week treatment with liraglutide or insulin glargine. Using functional MRI, we assessed the relation between baseline eating behavior and the effects of the GLP-1RA liraglutide compared with insulin after 10 days and 12 weeks of treatment on brain responses to food cues. RESULTS After 10 days, higher emotional eating scores were associated with less pronounced GLP-1RA induced reductions in brain responses to food pictures in the amygdala, insula and caudate nucleus. In addition, higher emotional eating scores tended to be associated with less pronounced GLP-1RA increases in brain responses to chocolate milk receipt in the caudate nucleus and insula. After 12 weeks, there were no significant associations between emotional eating scores and liraglutide-induced changes in brain responses to food cues. After 10 days, baseline external eating scores were associated with less pronounced GLP-1RA induced reductions in brain responses to food pictures in the insula, amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex. After 12 weeks, baseline restraint eating scores were associated with more GLP-1RA induced reductions in brain responses to food pictures in the insula and caudate nucleus, and with more GLP-1RA induced reductions in brain responses to the anticipation of chocolate milk in the caudate nucleus. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that individuals with higher baseline emotional eating scores are less sensitive to the central effect of GLP-1RA treatment. Additionally, external eating may also decrease, whereas restraint eating may increase the sensitivity to the treatment effects of GLP-1RAs. These insights may help to optimize treatment strategies for obesity and to select patient groups with better efficacy of GLP-1RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte C van Ruiten
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jennifer S Ten Kulve
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liselotte van Bloemendaal
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick J Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard G IJzerman
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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A review of sex differences in the mechanisms and drivers of overeating. Front Neuroendocrinol 2021; 63:100941. [PMID: 34454955 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Disordered eating is often associated with marked psychological and emotional distress, and severe adverse impact on quality of life. Several factors can influence eating behavior and drive food consumption in excess of energy requirements for homeostasis. It is well established that stress and negative affect contribute to the aetiology of eating disorders and weight gain, and there is substantial evidence suggesting sex differences in sub-clinical and clinical types of overeating. This review will examine how negative affect and stress shape eating behaviors, and how the relationship between the physiological, endocrine, and neural responses to stress and eating behaviors differs between men and women. We will examine several drivers of overeating and explore possible mechanisms underlying sex differences in eating behavior.
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16
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Blanco-Gandia MC, Montagud-Romero S, Rodríguez-Arias M. Binge eating and psychostimulant addiction. World J Psychiatry 2021; 11:517-529. [PMID: 34631457 PMCID: PMC8475000 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v11.i9.517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many of the various factors, characteristics, and variables involved in the addictive process can determine an individual’s vulnerability to develop drug addiction. Hedonic eating, based on pleasure rather than energy needs, modulates the same reward circuits, as do drugs of abuse. According to the last report of the World Health Organization, the worldwide obesity rate has more than doubled since 1980, reaching especially critical levels in children and young people, who are overexposed to high-fat, high-sugar, energy-dense foods. Over the past few decades, there has been an increase in the number of studies focused on how eating disorders can lead to the development of drug addiction and on the comorbidity that exists between the two disorders. Herein, we review the most recent research on the subject, focusing especially on animal models of binge eating disorders and drug addiction. The complex profile of patients with substance use and binge eating disorders requires an integrated response to dually diagnosed patients. Nutritional patterns should be considered an important variable in the treatment of substance use disorders, and future studies need to focus on specific treatments and interventions in individuals who show a special vulnerability to shift from one addiction to the other.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain
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17
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Ródenas-González F, Blanco-Gandía MDC, Pascual M, Molari I, Guerri C, López JM, Rodríguez-Arias M. A limited and intermittent access to a high-fat diet modulates the effects of cocaine-induced reinstatement in the conditioned place preference in male and female mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:2091-2103. [PMID: 33786639 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05834-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Palatable food and drugs of abuse activate common neurobiological pathways and numerous studies suggest that fat consumption increases vulnerability to drug abuse. In addition, preclinical reports show that palatable food may relieve craving for drugs, showing that an ad libitum access to a high-fat diet (HFD) can reduce cocaine-induced reinstatement. OBJECTIVE The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a limited and intermittent exposure to HFD administered during the extinction and reinstatement processes of a cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP). METHODS Male and female mice underwent the 10 mg/kg cocaine CPP. From post-conditioning onwards, animals were divided into four groups: SD (standard diet); HFD-MWF with 2-h access to the HFD on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays; HFD-24h, with 1-h access every day; and HFD-Ext with 1-h access to the HFD before each extinction session. RESULTS Our results showed that all HFD administrations blocked reinstatement in males, while only the HFD-MWF was able to inhibit reinstatement in females. In addition, HFD-Ext males needed fewer sessions to extinguish the preference, which suggests that administration of fat before being exposed to the environmental cues is effective to extinguish drug-related memories. HFD did not affect Oprμ gene expression but increased CB1r gene expression in the striatum in HFD-Ext males. CONCLUSIONS These results support that palatable food could act as an alternative reward to cocaine, accelerating extinction and blocking reinstatement, these effects being sex specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Ródenas-González
- Unit of Research Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - María Pascual
- Unit of Research Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology of Alcohol, Principe Felipe Research Center, C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS-Trastornos Adictivos), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Molari
- Unit of Research Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Consuelo Guerri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology of Alcohol, Principe Felipe Research Center, C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS-Trastornos Adictivos), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Miñarro López
- Unit of Research Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS-Trastornos Adictivos), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Unit of Research Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS-Trastornos Adictivos), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain.
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18
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Hitchen B, Norwood K, Gault VA, Leslie JC. Behavioural evaluation of mouse models of type 2 diabetes. LEARNING AND MOTIVATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lmot.2021.101730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Psychobiology of Appetite and Food Reward in Adults with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: Is there a Role for Exercise? Can J Diabetes 2020; 44:768-774. [PMID: 33279099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2020.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is the defining feature of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and results from deficient insulin production, impaired insulin-stimulated glucose uptake or both. It is now well established that hyperglycemia results in profound metabolic complications, but the effect of diabetes and its associated metabolic effects on homeostatic and hedonic appetite control has received less attention. Inappropriate food choices and excess food intake might promote weight gain, further exacerbating the metabolic consequences of T1D and T2D. The need to control blood glucose through diet, physical activity and/or medication as a consequence of impaired insulin secretion and/or sensitivity adds a further level of physiological and behavioural complexity to the processes underlying food choice and appetite control. Alterations in appetite-related processes have been noted in people with T2D, but the effect of T1D on appetite is largely unexplored. Peripheral neuroendocrine signalling appears disrupted in people with T2D, and brain regions involved in the central modulation of appetite might display central insulin resistance. However, it is difficult to isolate the consequences of T2D from those of obesity. Health-care policy advocates the use of physical activity as a means of preventing and treating T2D via the promotion of weight loss and its independent influence on insulin sensitivity. Exercise-induced perturbations to energy balance can elicit biological and behavioural compensation that attenuates weight loss, and diabetes pathophysiology might alter the strength of such compensation. However, the effect of exercise on appetite in people living with diabetes has yet to be fully explored.
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20
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Kahleova H, Tintera J, Thieme L, Veleba J, Klementova M, Kudlackova M, Malinska H, Oliyarnyk O, Markova I, Haluzik M, Pavlovicova R, Hill M, Tura A, Pelikanova T. A plant-based meal affects thalamus perfusion differently than an energy- and macronutrient-matched conventional meal in men with type 2 diabetes, overweight/obese, and healthy men: A three-group randomized crossover study. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:1822-1833. [PMID: 33081982 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Reward circuitry in the brain plays a key role in weight regulation. We tested the effects of a plant-based meal on these brain regions. METHODS A randomized crossover design was used to test the effects of two energy- and macronutrient-matched meals: a vegan (V-meal) and a conventional meat (M-meal) on brain activity, gastrointestinal hormones, and satiety in participants with type 2 diabetes (T2D; n = 20), overweight/obese participants (O; n = 20), and healthy controls (H; n = 20). Brain perfusion was measured, using arterial spin labeling functional brain imaging; satiety was assessed using a visual analogue scale; and plasma concentrations of gut hormones were determined at 0 and 180 min. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons was applied. The Hedge's g statistic was used to measure the effect size for means of paired difference between the times (180-0 min) and meal types (M-V meal) for each group. RESULTS Thalamus perfusion was the highest in patients with T2D and the lowest in overweight/obese individuals (p = 0.001). Thalamus perfusion decreased significantly after ingestion of the M-meal in men with T2D (p = 0.04) and overweight/obese men (p = 0.004), and it decreased significantly after ingestion of the V-meal in healthy controls (p < 0.001; Group x Meal x Time: F = 3.4; p = 0.035). The effect size was -0.41 (95% CI, -1.14 to 0.31; p = 0.26) for men with diabetes; -0.72 (95% CI, -1.48 to 0.01; p = 0.05) for overweight/obese men; and 0.82 (95% CI, 0.09 to 1.59; p = 0.03) for healthy men. Postprandial secretion of active GLP-1 increased after the V-meal compared with the M-meal by 42% (95% CI 25-62%; p = 0.003) in men with T2D and by 41% (95% CI 24-61%; p = 0.002) in healthy controls. Changes in thalamus perfusion after ingestion of both test meals correlated with changes in satiety (r = +0.68; p < 0.01), fasting plasma insulin (r = +0.40; p < 0.01), C-peptide (r = +0.48; p < 0.01) and amylin (r = +0.55; p < 0.01), and insulin secretion at 5 mmol/l (r = +0.77; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The higher postprandial GLP-1 secretion after the V-meal in men with T2D, with concomitant greater satiety and changes in thalamus perfusion, suggest a potential use of plant-based meals in addressing the key pathophysiologic mechanisms of food intake regulation. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02474147.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Kahleova
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic; Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Jaroslav Tintera
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Thieme
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Veleba
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Klementova
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Hana Malinska
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olena Oliyarnyk
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Markova
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Haluzik
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Pavlovicova
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hill
- Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Tura
- Metabolic Unit, CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padua, Italy
| | - Terezie Pelikanova
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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21
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Mostafavi-Darani F, Zamani-Alavijeh F, Mahaki B, Salahshouri A. Exploring the barriers of adherence to dietary recommendations among patients with type 2 diabetes: A qualitative study in Iran. Nurs Open 2020; 7:1735-1745. [PMID: 33072357 PMCID: PMC7544840 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Type 2 diabetes is a major global health concern, and its prevalence is rapidly increasing throughout the world. The present study was conducted to explore the experiences of patients and healthcare providers to identify the social barriers to patients' adherence to their recommended diet and thus help the design of future interventions. Design This study was conducted as a qualitative study with content analysis approach. Methods The present qualitative study was conducted from November 2016–July 2017. Data were collected through 38 unstructured in‐depth interviews with 33 T2D patients and their treatment supervisors and field notes. The interview transcripts were coded using the MAXQDA 10 software. To extract categories and themes, the thematic analysis approach was used. We followed the COREQ Checklist to ensure rigour in our study. Results The analysis of the study revealed the emergence of five categories of perceived barriers including social priorities and rivalries, family's food habits, poor social support, social impasses and dominant food patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firoozeh Mostafavi-Darani
- Department of Health Education and Promotion School of Health Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Fereshteh Zamani-Alavijeh
- Department of Health Education and Promotion School of Health Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Behzad Mahaki
- Department of Biostatistics School of Health Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
| | - Arash Salahshouri
- Department of Health Education and Promotion School of Public Health Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran
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22
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Blanco-Gandía MC, Miñarro J, Rodríguez-Arias M. Common Neural Mechanisms of Palatable Food Intake and Drug Abuse: Knowledge Obtained with Animal Models. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2372-2384. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200213123608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Eating is necessary for survival, but it is also one of the great pleasures enjoyed by human beings.
Research to date shows that palatable food can be rewarding in a similar way to drugs of abuse, indicating
considerable comorbidity between eating disorders and substance-use disorders. Analysis of the common characteristics
of both types of disorder has led to a new wave of studies proposing a Gateway Theory of food as a vulnerability
factor that modulates the development of drug addiction. The homeostatic and hedonic mechanisms of
feeding overlap with some of the mechanisms implicated in drug abuse and their interaction plays a crucial role in
the development of drug addiction. Studies in animal models have shown how palatable food sensitizes the reward
circuit and makes individuals more sensitive to other substances of abuse, such as cocaine or alcohol. However,
when palatable food is administered continuously as a model of obesity, the consequences are different, and
studies provide controversial data. In the present review, we will cover the main homeostatic and hedonic mechanisms
that regulate palatable food intake behavior and will explain, using animal models, how different types of
diet and their intake patterns have direct consequences on the rewarding effects of psychostimulants and ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C. Blanco-Gandía
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, C/ Ciudad Escolar s/n, 44003, Teruel, Spain
| | - José Miñarro
- Unit of Research Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicologia, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibanez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Unit of Research Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicologia, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibanez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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23
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Kleinridders A, Pothos EN. Impact of Brain Insulin Signaling on Dopamine Function, Food Intake, Reward, and Emotional Behavior. Curr Nutr Rep 2020; 8:83-91. [PMID: 31001792 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-019-0276-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Dietary obesity is primarily attributed to an imbalance between food intake and energy expenditure. Adherence to lifestyle interventions reducing weight is typically low. As a result, obesity becomes a chronic state with increased co-morbidities such as insulin resistance and diabetes. We review the effects of brain insulin action and dopaminergic signal transmission on food intake, reward, and mood as well as potential modulations of these systems to counteract the obesity epidemic. RECENT FINDINGS Central insulin and dopamine action are interlinked and impact on food intake, reward, and mood. Brain insulin resistance causes hyperphagia, anxiety, and depressive-like behavior and compromises the dopaminergic system. Such effects can induce reduced compliance to medical treatment. Insulin receptor sensitization and dopamine receptor agonists show attenuation of obesity and improvement of mental health in rodents and humans. Modulating brain insulin and dopamine signaling in obese patients can potentially improve therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Kleinridders
- Central Regulation of Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany. .,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Land Str. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Emmanuel N Pothos
- Program in Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Pharmacology and Drug Development, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences and Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
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24
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Lakerveld J, Palmeira AL, van Duinkerken E, Whitelock V, Peyrot M, Nouwen A. Motivation: key to a healthy lifestyle in people with diabetes? Current and emerging knowledge and applications. Diabet Med 2020; 37:464-472. [PMID: 31916283 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Motivation to take up and maintain a healthy lifestyle is key to diabetes prevention and management. Motivations are driven by factors on the psychological, biological and environmental levels, which have each been studied extensively in various lines of research over the past 25 years. Here, we analyse and reflect on current and emerging knowledge on motivation in relation to lifestyle behaviours, with a focus on people with diabetes or obesity. Structured according to psychological, (neuro-)biological and broader environmental levels, we provide a scoping review of the literature and highlight frameworks used to structure motivational concepts. Results are then put in perspective of applicability in (clinical) practice. RESULTS Over the past 25 years, research focusing on motivation has grown exponentially. Social-cognitive and self-determination theories have driven research on the key motivational concepts 'self-efficacy' and 'self-determination'. Neuro-cognitive research has provided insights in the processes that are involved across various layers of a complex cortical network of motivation, reward and cognitive control. On an environmental - more upstream - level, motivations are influenced by characteristics in the built, social, economic and policy environments at various scales, which have provided entry points for environmental approaches influencing behaviour. CONCLUSIONS Current evidence shows that motivation is strongly related to a person's self-efficacy and capability to initiate and maintain healthy choices, and to a health climate that supports autonomous choices. Some approaches targeting motivations have been shown to be promising, but more research is warranted to sustainably reduce the burden of diabetes in individuals and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lakerveld
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Vrije Universteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A L Palmeira
- CIPER-PANO/SR/Faculty of Human Movement, University of Lisbon & University Lusófona, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - E van Duinkerken
- Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Vrije Universteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Diabetes Centre/Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Vrije Universteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Epilepsy, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - V Whitelock
- Department of Psychology, Middlesex University, London, UK
- Cancer Intelligence, Cancer Research UK, London, UK
| | - M Peyrot
- Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Western Norway University for Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - A Nouwen
- Department of Psychology, Middlesex University, London, UK
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25
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Binda P, Eldor R, Huerta C, Adams J, Lancaster J, Fox P, Prato SD, DeFronzo R, Abdul-Ghani M, Daniele G. Exenatide modulates visual cortex responses. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2019; 35:e3167. [PMID: 30974038 PMCID: PMC6718343 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that metabolism affects brain physiology. Here, we examine the effect of GLP-1 on simple visual-evoked functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) responses in cortical areas. METHODS Lean (n = 10) and nondiabetic obese (n = 10) subjects received exenatide (a GLP-1 agonist) or saline infusion, and fMRI responses to visual stimuli (food and nonfood images) were recorded. We analysed the effect of exenatide on fMRI signals across the cortical surface with special reference to the visual areas. We evaluated the effects of exenatide on the raw fMRI signal and on the fMRI signal change during visual stimulation (vs rest). RESULTS In line with previous studies, we find that exenatide eliminates the preference for food (over nonfood) images present under saline infusion in high-level visual cortex (temporal pole). In addition, we find that exenatide (vs saline) also modulates the response of early visual areas, enhancing responses to both food and nonfood images in several extrastriate occipital areas, similarly in obese and lean participants. Unexpectedly, exenatide increased fMRI raw signals (signal intensity during rest periods without stimulation) in a large occipital region, which were negatively correlated to BMI. CONCLUSIONS In both lean and obese individuals, exenatide affects neural processing in visual cortex, both in early visual areas and in higher order areas. This effect may contribute to the known effect of GLP1 analogues on food-related behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Binda
- Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa. Pisa. Italy
| | - Roy Eldor
- Diabetes Unit-Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Hypertension at The Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center. Tel-Aviv. Israel
| | - Claudia Huerta
- Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. San Antonio, TX. US
| | - John Adams
- Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. San Antonio, TX. US
| | - John Lancaster
- Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. San Antonio, TX. US
| | - Peter Fox
- Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. San Antonio, TX. US
| | - Stefano Del Prato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Section of Diabetes. University of Pisa. Pisa. Italy
| | - Ralph DeFronzo
- Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. San Antonio, TX. US
| | - Muhammad Abdul-Ghani
- Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. San Antonio, TX. US
- Diabetes and Obesity Clinical Research Center, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Giuseppe Daniele
- Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. San Antonio, TX. US
- Diabetes and Obesity Clinical Research Center, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Section of Diabetes. University of Pisa. Pisa. Italy
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26
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McDermott KD, Williams SE, Espeland MA, Erickson K, Neiberg R, Wadden TA, Bryan RN, Desiderio L, Leckie RL, Falconbridge LH, Jakicic JM, Alonso-Alonso M, Wing RR. Impact of Intensive Lifestyle Intervention on Neural Food Cue Reactivity: Action for Health in Diabetes Brain Ancillary Study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:1076-1084. [PMID: 31112370 PMCID: PMC6591068 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) research study was a randomized trial comparing the effects of an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) versus a diabetes support and education (DSE) control group in adults with type 2 diabetes and overweight or obesity. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to determine whether neural food cue reactivity differed for these groups 10 years after randomization. METHODS A total of 232 participants (ILI, n = 125, 72% female; DSE, n = 107, 64% female) were recruited at three of the Look AHEAD sites for functional magnetic resonance imaging. Neural response to high-calorie foods compared with nonfoods was assessed in DSE versus ILI. Exploratory correlations were conducted within ILI to identify regions in which activity was associated with degree of weight loss. RESULTS Voxel-wise whole-brain comparisons revealed greater reward-processing activity in left caudate for DSE compared with ILI and greater activity in attention- and visual-processing regions for ILI than DSE (P < 0.05, family-wise error corrected). Exploratory analyses revealed that greater weight loss among ILI participants from baseline was associated with brain activation indicative of increased cognitive control and attention and visual processing in response to high-calorie food cues (P < 0.001, uncorrected). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest there may be legacy effects of participation in a behavioral weight loss intervention, with reduced reward-related activity and enhanced attention or visual processing in response to high-calorie foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Demos McDermott
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, The Miriam Hospital/Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Samantha E Williams
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, The Miriam Hospital/Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Psychology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Mark A Espeland
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kirk Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rebecca Neiberg
- Department of Psychology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Thomas A Wadden
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - R Nick Bryan
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lisa Desiderio
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Regina L Leckie
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lucy H Falconbridge
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John M Jakicic
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Miguel Alonso-Alonso
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rena R Wing
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, The Miriam Hospital/Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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27
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Wheatley SD, Whitaker MJG. Why do people overeat? Hunger, psychological eating and type 2 diabetes. PRACTICAL DIABETES 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pdi.2232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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28
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Towards a Translational Approach to Food Addiction: Implications for Bulimia Nervosa. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-019-00264-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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29
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Giganti F, Gavazzi G, Righi S, Rossi A, Caprilli S, Giovannelli F, Toni S, Rebai M, Viggiano MP. Priming effect in children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Child Neuropsychol 2019; 26:100-112. [PMID: 31111792 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2019.1617260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have evidenced cognitive difficulties across various domains in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) children, but the implicit memory system has not yet been systematically explored.Taking into account that the interplay between memory and perception may be modulated by the semantic category of the stimuli and their salience, we explored explicit and implicit memory using both object and food stimuli to verify whether for T1DM children there is a feebleness in performing the function of memory as a function of the stimuli used.Eighteen T1DM children and 47 healthy children performed an explicit recognition task in which they were requested to judge whether the presented image had already been shown ("old") or not ("new") and an identification priming task in which they were asked to name new and old pictures presented at nine ascending levels of spatial filtering.Results did not reveal any differences between controls and T1DM children in the explicit memory recognition task, whereas some differences between the two groups were found in the identification priming task. In T1DM children, the priming effect was observed only for food images.The dissociation between implicit and explicit memory observed in children with diabetes seems to be modulated by the category of the stimuli, and these results underscore the relevance of taking into account this variable when exploring cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Giganti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - G Gavazzi
- Diagnostic and Nuclear Research Institute, IRCCS SDN, Napoli, Italy
| | - S Righi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - A Rossi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - S Caprilli
- Istituto di Psicoanalisi - ISIPSE, Rome, Italy
| | - F Giovannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - S Toni
- Pediatric Diabetologic Unit, AOU Meyer, Florence, Italy
| | - M Rebai
- CRFDP, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
| | - M P Viggiano
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Drummen M, Dorenbos E, Vreugdenhil ACE, Raben A, Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Adam TC. Insulin resistance, weight, and behavioral variables as determinants of brain reactivity to food cues: a Prevention of Diabetes through Lifestyle Intervention and Population Studies in Europe and around the World - a PREVIEW study. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:315-321. [PMID: 30590423 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity and type 2 diabetes have been linked to alterations in food reward processing, which may be linked to insulin resistance. Objectives In this clinical study, we investigated the respective contribution of insulin resistance, anthropometric measurements, and behavioral factors to brain reward activation in response to visual stimuli. Design Food reward-related brain reward activation was assessed with functional magnetic resonance imaging in 39 overweight or obese individuals with impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, or both [22 women, 17 men; mean ± SD insulin sensitivity index (ISI): 2.7 ± 1.3; body mass index (BMI; kg/m2): 32.3 ± 3.7; body fat percentage: 40.5% ± 7.9%; fasting glucose: 6.3 ± 0.6 mmol/L]. Food and nonfood images were shown in a randomized block design. Brain activation (food compared with nonfood images) was correlated with anthropometric and behavioral variables. Behavioral variables included eating behavior [Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ)] and habitual physical activity (Baecke). Glucose and insulin concentrations, determined during an oral-glucose challenge, were used to assess the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and Matsuda ISI. Results Food compared with nonfood brain activation was positively associated with HOMA-IR in the nucleus accumbens, right and left insula, and right cingulate gyrus (P < 0.005, corrected for multiple comparisons). TFEQ factor 2 was positively related to food compared with nonfood brain activation in the supramarginal gyrus (P < 0.005, corrected for multiple comparisons). Habitual physical activity during leisure time was negatively associated with food compared with nonfood brain activation in multiple regions associated with the attention and reward network (P < 0.005, corrected for multiple comparisons). Conclusions Individuals with increased insulin resistance and emotional eating or disinhibition showed higher brain reactivity to food cues, which may imply changes in food preference and hyperphagia. Individuals with higher habitual physical activity showed less food reward-related brain activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathijs Drummen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences.,NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Elke Dorenbos
- Center for Overweight Adolescent and Children's Health Care (COACH), Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.,NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Anita C E Vreugdenhil
- Center for Overweight Adolescent and Children's Health Care (COACH), Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.,NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Anne Raben
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Tanja C Adam
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences.,NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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31
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Rosenberg J, Lechea N, Pentang GN, Shah NJ. What magnetic resonance imaging reveals - A systematic review of the relationship between type II diabetes and associated brain distortions of structure and cognitive functioning. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 52:79-112. [PMID: 30392901 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Due to its increasing prevalence, Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents a major health challenge for modern society. Despite it being of fundamental interest, only a few MRI studies have conducted statistical analyses to draw scientifically valid conclusions about the complex interplay of T2DM and its associated clinical, structural, functional, metabolite, as well as cognitive distortions. Therefore, a systematic review of 68 manuscripts, following the PRISMA guidelines, was conducted. Notably, although the associations between imaging, clinical, and cognitive variables are not fully homogeneous, findings show a clear trend towards a link between altered brain structure and a decline in cognitive processing ability. The results of the review highlight the heterogeneity of the methods used across manuscripts in terms of assessed clinical variables, imaging, and data analysis methods. This is particularly significant as, if the subjects' criteria are not carefully considered, results are easily prone to confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Rosenberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Medical Imaging Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany; JARA - Translational Brain Medicine & INM-11, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Clinic Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Nazim Lechea
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Medical Imaging Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Gael N Pentang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Medical Imaging Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Nadim J Shah
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Medical Imaging Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany; JARA - Translational Brain Medicine & INM-11, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Clinic Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, and Monash Biomedical Imaging, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Drummen M, Dorenbos E, Vreugdenhil ACE, Stratton G, Raben A, Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Adam TC. Associations of Brain Reactivity to Food Cues with Weight Loss, Protein Intake and Dietary Restraint during the PREVIEW Intervention. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1771. [PMID: 30445718 PMCID: PMC6266251 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to assess the effects of a weight loss and subsequent weight maintenance period comprising two diets differing in protein intake, on brain reward reactivity to visual food cues. Brain reward reactivity was assessed with functional magnetic resonance imaging in 27 overweight/obese individuals with impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance (HOMA-IR: 3.7 ± 1.7; BMI: 31.8 ± 3.2 kg/m²; fasting glucose: 6.4 ± 0.6 mmol/L) before and after an 8-week low energy diet followed by a 2-year weight maintenance period, with either high protein (HP) or medium protein (MP) dietary guidelines. Brain reactivity and possible relationships with protein intake, anthropometrics, insulin resistance and eating behaviour were assessed. Brain reactivity, BMI, HOMA-IR and protein intake did not change differently between the groups during the intervention. In the whole group, protein intake during weight maintenance was negatively related to changes in high calorie images>low calorie images (H > L) brain activation in the superior/middle frontal gyrus and the inferior temporal gyrus (p < 0.005, corrected for multiple comparisons). H > L brain activation was positively associated with changes in body weight and body-fat percentage and inversely associated with changes in dietary restraint in multiple reward, gustatory and processing regions (p < 0.005, corrected for multiple comparisons). In conclusion, changes in food reward-related brain activation were inversely associated with protein intake and dietary restraint during weight maintenance after weight loss and positively associated with changes in body weight and body-fat percentage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathijs Drummen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Elke Dorenbos
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Centre for Overweight Adolescent and Children's Health Care (COACH), Department of Paediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Anita C E Vreugdenhil
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Centre for Overweight Adolescent and Children's Health Care (COACH), Department of Paediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Gareth Stratton
- Research Centre in Applied Sports, Technology Exercise and Medicine, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN Wales, UK.
| | - Anne Raben
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, DK-1017 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Margriet S Westerterp-Plantenga
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Tanja C Adam
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Farr OM, Mantzoros CS. Obese individuals with type 2 diabetes demonstrate decreased activation of the salience-related insula and increased activation of the emotion/salience-related amygdala to visual food cues compared to non-obese individuals with diabetes: A preliminary study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2018; 20:2500-2503. [PMID: 29882627 PMCID: PMC6133716 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of obesity and its comorbidities is needed to develop more effective therapeutics. In the current study, differences in brain activation to food cues between obese (n = 6) versus non-obese (n = 5) individuals with type 2 diabetes were examined cross-sectionally using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Obese individuals with type 2 diabetes demonstrate less activation of the salience- and reward-related insula while fasting and increased activation of the amygdala to highly desirable foods after a meal. These findings in individuals with type 2 diabetes suggest a persistence of differences between obese versus non-obese individuals. Future, larger studies should confirm this differential activation between lean and obese individuals with and without type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M Farr
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Macpherson H, Formica M, Harris E, Daly RM. Brain functional alterations in Type 2 Diabetes - A systematic review of fMRI studies. Front Neuroendocrinol 2017; 47:34-46. [PMID: 28687473 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) is emerging as a major global health issue. T2DM can adversely affect cognition and increase dementia risk. This systematic review aimed to examine the functional brain changes that may underlie cognitive dysfunction in adults with T2DM. Studies were restricted to those which used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Nineteen independent studies were identified, mostly comprised of middle aged or older adults. Resting-state studies demonstrated that compared to controls, connectivity of the Default Mode Network (DMN) was reduced and the majority of task-based studies identified reduced activation in T2DM patients in regions relevant to task performance. Abnormalities of low frequency spontaneous brain activity were observed, particularly in visual regions. As most studies demonstrated that alterations in fMRI were related to poorer neuropsychological task performance, these results indicate that functional brain abnormalities in T2DM have consequences for cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Macpherson
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
| | - Melissa Formica
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Harris
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Robin M Daly
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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Sun DM, Ma Y, Sun ZB, Xie L, Huang JZ, Chen WS, Duan SX, Lin ZR, Guo RW, Le HB, Xu WC, Ma SH. Decision-making in primary onset middle-age type 2 diabetes mellitus: a BOLD-fMRI study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10246. [PMID: 28860463 PMCID: PMC5579021 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10228-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a well-recognized risk factor for dementia, the neural mechanisms that underlying cognitive impairment in T2DM remain unclear. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a computerized version of the Iowa Gambling Task to investigate the neural basis of decision making at the initial onset stage of T2DM. Eighteen newly diagnosed middle-aged T2DM patients, with no previous diabetic treatment history, and 18 matched controls were recruited. Results indicated that T2DM patients made more disadvantageous decisions than controls. Compared to healthy subjects, T2DM patients showed decreased activation in the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and anterior cingulate cortex, and increased activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, insula and occipital lobes. IGT performance positively correlated with changes in brain activation in the VMPFC and OFC in both groups. Moreover, poor glycemic control was associated with decision-making function both in behavioral and brain activity in the VMPFC and OFC in patients. Conclusively, T2DM patients may suffer from weaknesses in their prefrontal cortex functions that lead to poorer decision-making under ambiguity, at least as assessed by the IGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Miao Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515041, China
- Guang dong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, 515041, Shantou, China
| | - Ye Ma
- Graduate School of Beijing Normal University, 519087, Zhuhai, China
| | - Zong-Bo Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515041, China
- Guang dong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, 515041, Shantou, China
| | - Lei Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515041, China
- Guang dong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, 515041, Shantou, China
| | - Jin-Zhuang Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515041, China
- Guang dong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, 515041, Shantou, China
| | - Wei-Song Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515041, China
| | - Shou-Xing Duan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515041, China
- Guang dong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, 515041, Shantou, China
| | - Zhi-Rong Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515041, China
| | - Rui-Wei Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515041, China
- Guang dong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, 515041, Shantou, China
| | - Hong-Bo Le
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515041, China
- Guang dong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, 515041, Shantou, China
| | - Wen-Can Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515041, China
| | - Shu-Hua Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515041, China.
- Guang dong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, 515041, Shantou, China.
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Blanco-Gandía MC, Aracil-Fernández A, Montagud-Romero S, Aguilar MA, Manzanares J, Miñarro J, Rodríguez-Arias M. Changes in gene expression and sensitivity of cocaine reward produced by a continuous fat diet. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:2337-2352. [PMID: 28456841 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4630-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Preclinical studies report that free access to a high-fat diet (HFD) alters the response to psychostimulants. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to examine how HFD exposure during adolescence modifies cocaine effects. Gene expression of CB1 and mu-opioid receptors (MOr) in the nucleus accumbens (N Acc) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) and ghrelin receptor (GHSR) in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) were assessed. METHODS Mice were allowed continuous access to fat from PND 29, and the locomotor (10 mg/kg) and reinforcing effects of cocaine (1 and 6 mg/kg) on conditioned place preference (CPP) were evaluated on PND 69. Another group of mice was exposed to a standard diet until the day of post-conditioning, on which free access to the HFD began. RESULTS HFD induced an increase of MOr gene expression in the N Acc, but decreased CB1 receptor in the N Acc and PFC. After fat withdrawal, the reduction of CB1 receptor in the N Acc was maintained. Gene expression of GHSR in the VTA decreased during the HFD and increased after withdrawal. Following fat discontinuation, mice exhibited increased anxiety, augmented locomotor response to cocaine, and developed CPP for 1 mg/kg cocaine. HFD reduced the number of sessions required to extinguish the preference and decreased sensitivity to drug priming-induced reinstatement. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that consumption of a HFD during adolescence induces neurobiochemical changes that increased sensitivity to cocaine when fat is withdrawn, acting as an alternative reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carmen Blanco-Gandía
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, , Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Sandra Montagud-Romero
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, , Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria A Aguilar
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, , Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge Manzanares
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Alicante, Spain
| | - José Miñarro
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, , Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, , Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
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Role of addiction and stress neurobiology on food intake and obesity. Biol Psychol 2017; 131:5-13. [PMID: 28479142 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The US remains at the forefront of a global obesity epidemic with a significant negative impact on public health. While it is well known that a balance between energy intake and expenditure is homeostatically regulated to control weight, growing evidence points to multifactorial social, neurobehavioral and metabolic determinants of food intake that influence obesity risk. This review presents factors such as the ubiquitous presence of rewarding foods in the environment and increased salience of such foods that stimulate brain reward motivation and stress circuits to influence eating behaviors. These rewarding foods via conditioned and reinforcing effects stimulate not only metabolic, but also stress hormones, that, in turn, hijack the brain emotional (limbic) and motivational (striatal) pathways, to promote food craving and excessive food intake. Furthermore, the impact of high levels of stress and trauma and altered metabolic environment (e.g. higher weight, altered insulin sensitivity) on prefrontal cortical self-control processes that regulate emotional, motivational and visceral homeostatic mechanisms of food intake and obesity risk are also discussed. A heuristic framework is presented in which the interactive dynamic effects of neurobehavioral adaptations in metabolic, motivation and stress neurobiology may further support food craving, excessive food intake and weight gain in a complex feed-forward manner. Implications of such adaptations in brain addictive-motivational and stress pathways and their effects on excessive food intake and weight gain are discussed to highlight key questions that requires future research attention in order to better understand and address the growing obesity epidemic.
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Wood SMW, Schembre SM, He Q, Engelmann JM, Ames SL, Bechara A. Emotional eating and routine restraint scores are associated with activity in brain regions involved in urge and self-control. Physiol Behav 2016; 165:405-12. [PMID: 27575974 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Researchers have proposed a variety of behavioral traits that may lead to weight gain and obesity; however, little is known about the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying these weight-related eating behaviors. In this study, we measured activation of reward circuitry during a task requiring response and inhibition to food stimuli. We assessed participants' emotional eating, external eating, and two subscales of dietary restraint-routine restraint and compensatory restraint-using the Weight-Related Eating Questionnaire. For routine restraint, we found positive associations with activation in the insula, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex and ventromedial prefrontal cortex in response to high-calorie versus low-calorie foods. For emotional eating, we found positive associations with insula and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation in response to high-calorie versus low-calorie foods. We also found positive associations between emotional eating and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation in response to approach versus inhibition towards high-calorie foods. Thus, our results demonstrate an increase in activation across brain regions related to self-control and urges in response to high-calorie food associated with both emotional eating and routine restraint. Overall, these results support the construct validity of both emotional eating and routine restraint and provide preliminary evidence that these subscales have similar neural correlates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M W Wood
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Susan M Schembre
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qinghua He
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Jeffrey M Engelmann
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Susan L Ames
- School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, USA
| | - Antoine Bechara
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Kullmann S, Heni M, Hallschmid M, Fritsche A, Preissl H, Häring HU. Brain Insulin Resistance at the Crossroads of Metabolic and Cognitive Disorders in Humans. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:1169-209. [PMID: 27489306 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00032.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 391] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ever since the brain was identified as an insulin-sensitive organ, evidence has rapidly accumulated that insulin action in the brain produces multiple behavioral and metabolic effects, influencing eating behavior, peripheral metabolism, and cognition. Disturbances in brain insulin action can be observed in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), as well as in aging and dementia. Decreases in insulin sensitivity of central nervous pathways, i.e., brain insulin resistance, may therefore constitute a joint pathological feature of metabolic and cognitive dysfunctions. Modern neuroimaging methods have provided new means of probing brain insulin action, revealing the influence of insulin on both global and regional brain function. In this review, we highlight recent findings on brain insulin action in humans and its impact on metabolism and cognition. Furthermore, we elaborate on the most prominent factors associated with brain insulin resistance, i.e., obesity, T2D, genes, maternal metabolism, normal aging, inflammation, and dementia, and on their roles regarding causes and consequences of brain insulin resistance. We also describe the beneficial effects of enhanced brain insulin signaling on human eating behavior and cognition and discuss potential applications in the treatment of metabolic and cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kullmann
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Heni
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manfred Hallschmid
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hubert Preissl
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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40
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Frank S, Heinze JM, Fritsche A, Linder K, von Feilitzsch M, Königsrainer A, Häring HU, Veit R, Preissl H. Neuronal Food Reward Activity in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes With Improved Glycemic Control After Bariatric Surgery. Diabetes Care 2016; 39:1311-7. [PMID: 27293200 DOI: 10.2337/dc16-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are associated with altered food-related neuronal functions. Besides weight loss, substantial improvement of glucose metabolism in patients with T2DM can be achieved by bariatric surgery. We aimed to target the neuronal and behavioral correlates of improved glycemic control after bariatric surgery. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Two patient groups with T2DM were recruited. The treatment group (n = 12) consisted of patients who had undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery, and a control group consisted of patients who did not undergo surgery (n = 12). The groups were matched for age and current BMI. HbA1c was matched by using the presurgical HbA1c of the RYGB group and the current HbA1c of the nonsurgical group. Neuronal activation during a food reward task was measured using functional MRI (fMRI). Behavioral data were assessed through questionnaires. RESULTS RYGB improved HbA1c from 7.07 ± 0.50 to 5.70 ± 0.16% (P < 0.05) and BMI from 52.21 ± 1.90 to 35.71 ± 0.84 kg/m(2) (P < 0.001). Behavioral results showed lower wanting and liking scores as well as lower eating behavior-related pathologies for the patients after RYGB than for similar obese subjects without surgery but with impaired glycemic control. The fMRI analysis showed higher activation for the nonsurgical group in areas associated with inhibition and reward as well as in the precuneus, a major connectivity hub in the brain. By contrast, patients after RYGB showed higher activation in the visual, motor, cognitive control, memory, and gustatory regions. CONCLUSIONS In obese patients with diabetes, RYGB normalizes glycemic control and leads to food reward-related brain activation patterns that are different from those of obese patients with less-well-controlled T2DM and without bariatric surgery. The differences in food reward processing might be one factor in determining the outcome of bariatric surgery in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Frank
- Institute for Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jaana M Heinze
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Linder
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Alfred Königsrainer
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Veit
- Institute for Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hubert Preissl
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Relationship between Parental Feeding Practices and Neural Responses to Food Cues in Adolescents. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157037. [PMID: 27479051 PMCID: PMC4968823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Social context, specifically within the family, influences adolescent eating behaviours and thus their health. Little is known about the specific mechanisms underlying the effects of parental feeding practices on eating. We explored relationships between parental feeding practices and adolescent eating habits and brain activity in response to viewing food images. Fifty- seven adolescents (15 with type 2 diabetes mellitus, 21 obese and 21 healthy weight controls) underwent fMRI scanning whilst viewing images of food or matched control images. Participants completed the Kids Child Feeding Questionnaire, the Childrens’ Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ) and took part in an observed meal. Parents completed the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionniare and the DEBQ. We were particularly interested in brain activity in response to food cues that was modulated by different feeding and eating styles. Healthy-weight participants increased activation (compared to the other groups) to food in proportion to the level of parental restriction in visual areas of the brain such as right lateral occipital cortex (LOC), right temporal occipital cortex, left occipital fusiform gyrus, left lateral and superior LOC. Adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus had higher activation (compared to the other groups) with increased parental restrictive feeding in areas relating to emotional control, attention and decision-making, such as posterior cingulate, precuneus, frontal operculum and right middle frontal gyrus. Participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus also showed higher activation (compared to the other groups) in the left anterior intraparietal sulcus and angular gyrus when they also reported higher self restraint. Parental restriction did not modulate food responses in obese participants, but there was increased activity in visual (visual cortex, left LOC, left occipital fusiform gyrus) and reward related brain areas (thalamus and parietal operculum) in response to parental teaching and modelling of behaviour. Parental restrictive feeding and parental teaching and modelling affected neural responses to food cues in different ways, depending on motivations and diagnoses, illustrating a social influence on neural responses to food cues.
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Carter J, Swardfager W. Mood and metabolism: Anhedonia as a clinical target in Type 2 diabetes. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 69:123-32. [PMID: 27088371 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence suggests a bidirectional relationship between depression and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. In Type 2 diabetes, depression affects behavioural factors such as diet and physical activity that promote positive energy balance and influence diabetes outcomes. Examinations of depressive symptoms by dimension have suggested that anhedonia, the inability to anticipate, seek, choose and enjoy reward, may be of particular clinical importance. Structural and functional brain changes in Type 2 diabetes distributed throughout the principally dopaminergic reward circuitry suggest a neurobiological basis for motivational and decisional aspects of anhedonia. Interrelated neuroendocrine, bio-energetic, oxidative and inflammatory changes suggest mechanisms underlying neuronal damage and dopaminergic deficits. A consequential shift in effort-related reward choices and their effects on energy expenditure, self-care and eating behaviours is suggested to affect Type 2 diabetes outcomes. The clinical implications for screening and psychopharmacology of depressive symptoms in people with Type 2 diabetes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Carter
- University of Toronto, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University Health Network Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Cardiac Rehabilitation Program, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Walter Swardfager
- University of Toronto, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University Health Network Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Cardiac Rehabilitation Program, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Regional cortical thickness and subcortical volume changes in patients with metabolic syndrome. Brain Imaging Behav 2016; 9:588-96. [PMID: 25257747 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-014-9311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although previous studies have demonstrated an association between metabolic syndrome (MS) and changes in the integrity of cerebral white matter, no study has evaluated cortical thickness or subcortical volumes in MS with MRI. The purpose of our study was to investigate changes in cortical thickness and subcortical volume in an asymptomatic MS population. A total of 86 asymptomatic subjects (40 patients with MS and 46 subjects without MS) underwent 3T brain MRI scanning, and cortical thickness was compared between the groups across multiple locations. The subcortical volumes were also compared on a structure-by-structure basis. ANCOVA adjusted for age, education, total intracranial volume (TIV), and gender revealed significant volume reductions in the right nucleus accumbens in the MS group compared with the control group. The MS group showed a significant reduction in mean cortical thickness and volume in both hemispheres compared with controls. A group comparison analysis of the regional cortical thickness between the two groups also revealed significant reductions in cortical thickness in the MS group in the left insular, superior parietal, postcentral, entorhinal, and right superior parietal cortices compared with those of the control group (all comparisons p < 0.05, FDR corrected). We demonstrated a significant reduction in cortical and subcortical areas in MS patients, especially in areas involved in body weight control and cognitive function. Our results suggest an initial neurodegenerative process according to metabolic syndrome even in the preclinical stage, and further prospective studies are required to evaluate this process.
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Perceived barriers to recommended dietary adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes in Iran. Eat Behav 2016; 21:205-10. [PMID: 26994360 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify barriers to recommended dietary adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes. DESIGN Observational cross-sectional study. SAMPLE One hundred-forty six overweight/obese volunteers with type 2 diabetes, who had previously received dietary advice for at least one year, were recruited from two diabetes clinics in Tabriz, north-west of Iran. MEASUREMENTS A 24-item questionnaire was designed to assess dietary barriers. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were assessed by Content Validity Index, Content Validity Ratio and Cronbach's alpha, respectively. An exploratory factor analysis with principal component analysis extraction and varimax rotation was utilized in order to extract the underlying factors of dietary nonadherence. RESULTS Factor analysis yielded seven barrier factors including: situational barriers/difficulty resisting temptation [percent variance=11.64%], stress-related eating disorder/cost [percent variance=9.11%], difficulty with meal and snack plans [percent variance=8.76%], confusion [percent variance=8.45%], work-related issues [percent variance=7.72%], small portion size [percent variance=6.87%] and lack of palatability/family support [percent variance=6.78%]. These factors explained about 59.4% of the total variance. CONCLUSIONS Overall, patients with type 2 diabetes perceived some barriers to recommended dietary adherence. In dietary counseling, considering and addressing these barriers will likely be effective in increasing the dietary adherence for patients with type 2 diabetes in Iran.
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Whitelock V, Nouwen A, Houben K, van den Akker O, Miller IN, Narendan P, Rosenthal M, Higgs S. Does neurocognitive training have the potential to improve dietary self-care in type 2 diabetes? Study protocol of a double-blind randomised controlled trial. BMC Nutr 2015. [DOI: 10.1186/s40795-015-0006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Huang RR, Jia BH, Xie L, Ma SH, Yin JJ, Sun ZB, Le HB, Xu WC, Huang JZ, Luo DX. Spatial working memory impairment in primary onset middle-age type 2 diabetes mellitus: An ethology and BOLD-fMRI study. J Magn Reson Imaging 2015; 43:75-87. [PMID: 26094886 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ran-Ran Huang
- Department of Radiology; First Affiliated Hospital; Medical College of Shantou University; Shantou Guangdong Province PR China
- Department of Radiology, Yantaishan Hospital; Yantai Shandong Province PR China
- Guang Dong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; Shantou PR China
| | - Bao-Hui Jia
- Guang Anmen Hospital; China Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Lei Xie
- Department of Radiology; First Affiliated Hospital; Medical College of Shantou University; Shantou Guangdong Province PR China
- Guang Dong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; Shantou PR China
| | - Shu-Hua Ma
- Department of Radiology; First Affiliated Hospital; Medical College of Shantou University; Shantou Guangdong Province PR China
- Guang Dong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; Shantou PR China
| | - Jing-Jing Yin
- Department of Radiology; First Affiliated Hospital; Medical College of Shantou University; Shantou Guangdong Province PR China
- Guang Dong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; Shantou PR China
| | - Zong-Bo Sun
- Department of Radiology; First Affiliated Hospital; Medical College of Shantou University; Shantou Guangdong Province PR China
- Guang Dong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; Shantou PR China
| | - Hong-Bo Le
- Department of Radiology; First Affiliated Hospital; Medical College of Shantou University; Shantou Guangdong Province PR China
- Guang Dong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; Shantou PR China
| | - Wen-Can Xu
- Department of Radiology; First Affiliated Hospital; Medical College of Shantou University; Shantou Guangdong Province PR China
| | - Jin-Zhuang Huang
- Department of Radiology; First Affiliated Hospital; Medical College of Shantou University; Shantou Guangdong Province PR China
- Guang Dong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; Shantou PR China
| | - Dong-Xue Luo
- Department of Radiology; First Affiliated Hospital; Medical College of Shantou University; Shantou Guangdong Province PR China
- Guang Dong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; Shantou PR China
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Osicka T, Kothe E, Ricciardelli L. A systematic review of adherence to restricted diets in people with functional bowel disorders. Appetite 2015; 92:143-55. [PMID: 25979567 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Functional bowel disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome are commonly experienced within the population, and have an adverse impact on emotions, physical well-being, social activity, and occupational output. Adherence to a restricted diet can reduce symptoms, which in turn leads to increased quality of life and well-being. The aim of this review was to assess the extent to which predictors of dietary adherence have been considered in studies relating to functional bowel disorders and following a restricted diet. This was done firstly by examining such studies which contained a measure or indicator of adherence, and then by examining predictors of adherence within and between studies. A search of PsycINFO, Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases was performed during July 2014, with the search criteria including relevant terms such as gastrointestinal disorder, irritable bowel syndrome, diet, and adherence. Of an initial 7927 papers, 39 were suitable for inclusion. Fourteen of the 39 studies included had a structured measure or indicator of dietary adherence, and the remaining 25 mentioned adherence without any structured levels of adherence. There was little investigation into the predictors of adherence, with symptom relief or induction being the primary goal of most of the studies. This review indicates that predictors of dietary adherence are rarely considered in research regarding functional bowel disorders. Further investigation is needed into the variables which contribute to rates of adherence to restricted diets, and more rigorous research is needed to characterise those individuals most likely to be non-adherent. Such research is necessary to ensure that people with these conditions can be provided with appropriate support and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Osicka
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia.
| | - Emily Kothe
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Lina Ricciardelli
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
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Sartorius T, Peter A, Heni M, Maetzler W, Fritsche A, Häring HU, Hennige AM. The brain response to peripheral insulin declines with age: a contribution of the blood-brain barrier? PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126804. [PMID: 25965336 PMCID: PMC4429020 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives It is a matter of debate whether impaired insulin action originates from a defect at the neural level or impaired transport of the hormone into the brain. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of aging on insulin concentrations in the periphery and the central nervous system as well as its impact on insulin-dependent brain activity. Methods Insulin, glucose and albumin concentrations were determined in 160 paired human serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples. Additionally, insulin was applied in young and aged mice by subcutaneous injection or intracerebroventricularly to circumvent the blood-brain barrier. Insulin action and cortical activity were assessed by Western blotting and electrocorticography radiotelemetric measurements. Results In humans, CSF glucose and insulin concentrations were tightly correlated with the respective serum/plasma concentrations. The CSF/serum ratio for insulin was reduced in older subjects while the CSF/serum ratio for albumin increased with age like for most other proteins. Western blot analysis in murine whole brain lysates revealed impaired phosphorylation of AKT (P-AKT) in aged mice following peripheral insulin stimulation whereas P-AKT was comparable to levels in young mice after intracerebroventricular insulin application. As readout for insulin action in the brain, insulin-mediated cortical brain activity instantly increased in young mice subcutaneously injected with insulin but was significantly reduced and delayed in aged mice during the treatment period. When insulin was applied intracerebroventricularly into aged animals, brain activity was readily improved. Conclusions This study discloses age-dependent changes in insulin CSF/serum ratios in humans. In the elderly, cerebral insulin resistance might be partially attributed to an impaired transport of insulin into the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Sartorius
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Disease, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tuebingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen (IDM), Tuebingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Andreas Peter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Disease, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tuebingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen (IDM), Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Martin Heni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Disease, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tuebingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen (IDM), Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Walter Maetzler
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Disease, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tuebingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen (IDM), Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Disease, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tuebingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen (IDM), Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Anita M. Hennige
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tuebingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen (IDM), Tuebingen, Germany
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The association between types of eating behaviour and dispositional mindfulness in adults with diabetes. Results from Diabetes MILES. The Netherlands. Appetite 2015; 87:288-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Booth
- Food Quality Research Group; School of Psychology; College of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Birmingham; Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
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