The idea of isolating C-phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis microalgae to be used as a valuable protein has a long history, so that today, with the advancement of science and application of various technologies, the isolation of this protein occurred by one of the most important processes. C-phycocyanin has multiple applications in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries as an additive and natural dye. In this research, the aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) based on block copolymers and deep eutectic solvents (DES) was used for C-phycocyanin purification and their phase behavior was evaluated. This method can be used as an efficient and cost-effective method for the extraction and purification of C-phycocyanin compared to other purifying processes such as ion exchange chromatography. After that, the effects of parameters such as copolymer structure, DES type, DES concentration, copolymer concentration and system temperature in the ATPS containing copolymer/DES were studied for C-phycocyanin purification. The results showed that the aqueous biphasic system containing Pluronic 10R5 and ChCl-Glu is the most suitable system for obtaining the food grade C-phycocyanin. The purity index was 2.7 obtained at 25% copolymer concentration, 35% ChCl-Glu concentration and at 35 °C. At these conditions, a 97% C-phycocyanin extraction efficiency was achieved without any loss of stability. After that, the ultrafiltration process was used to increase the purity of C-phycocyanin from 2.7 to 4.8. Pluronic 10R5 was recovered during the extraction process at a temperature above 57 ºC. Finally, the purity of C phycocyanin was confirmed by using SDS-PAGE analysis.

Meat is a source of essential amino acids that are necessary for human growth and development, meat can come from dead, alive, Halal, or non-Halal animal species which are intentionally or economically (adulteration) sold to consumers. Sharia has prohibited the consumption of pork by Muslims. Because of the activities of adulterators in recent times, consumers are aware of what they eat. In the past, several methods were employed for the authentication of Halal meat, but numerous drawbacks are attached to this method such as lack of flexibility, limited application, time,consumption and low level of accuracy and sensitivity. Machine Learning (ML) is the concept of learning through the development and application of algorithms from given data and making predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed. The techniques compared with traditional methods in Halal meat authentication are fast, flexible, scaled, automated, less expensive, high accuracy and sensitivity. Some of the ML approaches used in Halal meat authentication have proven a high percentage of accuracy in meat authenticity while other approaches show no evidence of Halal meat authentication for now. The paper critically highlighted some of the principles, challenges, successes, and prospects of ML approaches in the authentication of Halal meat.

Untreated tannery effluent discharge, which causes severe environmental pollution. This research was performed to assess the bioremediation (multi-pollutant adsorption) potential of pre-identified and multi metal tolerant Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus tubigenesis through a stirred tank bioreactor in free and immobilized form. Physicochemical property analysis results showed that most of the tannery effluent properties were beyond the permissible limits. These A. niger and A. tubigenesis effectively immobilized on corncob and coir solid support material. The stirred tank bioreactor based bioremediation study revealed that the fungal biomass (Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus tubigenesis) immobilized coir and corncob material demonstrated remarkable multi-pollutant (TSS: 22.5% & 13.5%, TS: 29% & 22%, BOD: 21% & 10%, TDS: 28% & 19%, COD: 30% & 22%, Cr: 27% & 19%, Cu: 28% & 12%, and Pb: 48% & 29% respectively) adsorption potential in a week of treatment. Moreover, it reduced the toxicity of tannery effluent and promotes the sprouting of Oriza sativa seeds, as demonstrated by petri plate bioassay. These finding suggest that the metal-tolerant fungal isolates A. niger and A. tubigenesis demonstrated impressive bioremediation proficiencies in an immobilized state. A field investigation is required to assess the feasibility of this strategy on tannery effluent.