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Lin X, Fu X, Shen Y, Liu G, Ding N, Zhang G, Qian J. Cross-lagged analysis of mobile phone addiction and bedtime procrastination: a comparison of gender and perceived stress levels among Chinese college students. Front Psychol 2025; 16:1588090. [PMID: 40438756 PMCID: PMC12116679 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1588090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2025] [Accepted: 04/25/2025] [Indexed: 06/01/2025] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to investigate the longitudinal relationship between Mobile Phone Addiction (MPA) and Bedtime Procrastination (BP) and to analyze differences across various gender and stress level groups, providing a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the development of relevant intervention strategies. Methods A longitudinal research design was employed, conducting two surveys among 1,423 first-year to junior college students at a university in Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, in November 2021 and May 2022. Measurements were taken using the Mobile Phone Addiction Scale, Bedtime Procrastination Scale, and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 24.0, employing methods such as descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, repeated measures variance analysis, and structural equation modeling. Results The study found that both MPA and BP are on the rise among college students and share a bidirectional longitudinal relationship. Under low-stress conditions, MPA significantly predicted subsequent BP, while under high-stress, BP significantly predicted subsequent MPA. Additionally, gender-specific analyses revealed that MPA significantly predicted subsequent BP in both male and female students, but BP only significantly predicted subsequent MPA in female students. Conclusion MPA and BP mutually influence each other among college students, with this relationship being moderated by stress levels and gender. Personalized intervention measures should be adopted for college students of different genders and stress levels to effectively prevent and alleviate MPA and BP, promoting the healthy growth and comprehensive development of college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujian Lin
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xueping Fu
- Renji College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuhao Shen
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Gaoyang Liu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ningning Ding
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jun Qian
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Frick S, Smolders K, van der Meij L, Demerouti E, de Kort Y. The bidirectional relationship between sleep and daily burnout-related experiences: Self-report vs. actigraphy-derived measures. Sleep Health 2025:S2352-7218(25)00068-3. [PMID: 40328567 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2025.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2025] [Accepted: 03/13/2025] [Indexed: 05/08/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although previous research suggests a link between sleep disturbances and burnout, little is known about the causal direction of day-to-day relationships between sleep and experiences related to burnout in nonclinical employees. This study explores the bidirectional relationship between self-reported and actigraphy-derived metrics of sleep and daily burnout-related experiences (exhaustion, [a lack of] feeling positively challenged, and boredom) and whether these relationships depend on high vs. low levels of trait burnout. METHODS Seventy-two employees participated in a 7-day experience sampling study. RESULTS Disturbances in sleep quality predicted subsequent daily exhaustion and boredom, not the other way around. In contrast, a later sleep timing was related to feeling more positively challenged the next day, with a bidirectional relationship between feeling positively challenged and sleep offset. Moreover, trait burnout moderated the relationship between several sleep parameters and burnout-related experiences. CONCLUSION Experiencing disturbances in sleep while already experiencing trait burnout potentially drives the depletion of energy as found in burnout development and may thus be an important intervention factor to prevent the development of chronic burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Frick
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Karin Smolders
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Leander van der Meij
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Evangelia Demerouti
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne de Kort
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Kuang S, Wen X, Li C, Yan S, Li H. Perceived stress and health outcomes among Chinese university students: The chain mediating role of repetitive negative thinking and trait forgiveness. J Health Psychol 2025:13591053251317322. [PMID: 39991863 DOI: 10.1177/13591053251317322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2025] Open
Abstract
Stress around COVID-19 among university students is associated with higher physical symptom burden and worse overall health status. This study examined whether RNT and trait forgiveness mediate the link between perceived stress and health outcomes among Chinese university students. A total of 1342 students participated in a survey during the middle of the semester that assessed perceived stress, RNT, trait forgiveness, and various health outcomes. Results revealed significant mediating effects of both RNT and trait forgiveness on the relationship between perceived stress and health outcomes, including anxiety, depression, sleep quality, and physical health. Moreover, the interplay between RNT and trait forgiveness mediated this association. These findings provide a theoretical basis for understanding the interactions among perceived stress, RNT, trait forgiveness, and health outcomes, highlighting the importance of addressing stress and RNT to enhance forgiveness and overall well-being in university students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Haijiang Li
- Shanghai Normal University, China
- Lab for Educational Big Data and Policymaking (Ministry of Education), China
- The Research Base of Online Education for Shanghai Middle and Primary Schools, China
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Schulz AD, Fay D, Schöllgen I, Wendsche J. When help is not wanted: Frustrated needs and poor after-work recovery as consequences of unwanted help at work. Stress Health 2024; 40:e3415. [PMID: 38699947 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Instrumental help and support in the workplace are mostly associated with outcomes that are considered desirable for organisations and their employees. In this study, we seek to shed light on a specific type of help at work that may entail negative consequences: being offered help that is not wanted by the recipient. Drawing on basic psychological needs theory and on theory of ruminative thoughts, we propose that offering unwanted help frustrates the recipient's psychological needs for autonomy and competence, which in turn affects after-work recovery processes in the form of increased rumination and decreased psychological detachment. Supporting our hypotheses, a cross-sectional survey study (Study 1, N = 279) revealed that employees who were offered unwanted help from coworkers or supervisors experienced higher frustration in need for competence and autonomy, which in turn was associated with higher rumination after work and less psychological detachment from work. Results from a time-lagged survey with two measurement points 2 weeks apart (Study 2, N = 165) showed that being offered unwanted help was concurrently related to increased competence and autonomy frustration, of which only autonomy frustration later translated into higher after-work rumination and ultimately lower psychological detachment from work. Our findings suggest that needs frustration provides a promising approach to investigate and explain potentially detrimental effects of unwanted help at work on after-work recovery processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika D Schulz
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany
| | - Doris Fay
- University of Potsdam, Work and Organizational Psychology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ina Schöllgen
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Wendsche
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany
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Charkhabi M, Firoozabadi A, Seidel L, Habibi Asgarabad M, De Paola F, Dutheil F. Work addiction risk, stress and well-being at work: testing the mediating role of sleep quality. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1352646. [PMID: 38966702 PMCID: PMC11222407 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1352646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Attention to work addiction risk is growing; however, more studies are needed to explore the possible impact of work addiction risk on various aspects of employees' work and life domains. Although several studies have considered the antecedents or consequences of work addiction risk, this study particularly focuses on sleep quality as a potential explanatory underlying mechanism in the relation between work addition risk and three outcome variables including stress at home, stress at work and well-being. Method The data was collected using an online platform and participants consisted of 188 French employees who were selected using simple random sampling method. Participants responded to the survey including the Work Addiction Risk Test (WART), stress at work, well-being, and sleep quality. The data was analyzed using JASP and SPSS-26 programs. Results The results revealed that there are significant positive relationships between work addiction risk and both stress at home and at work and negative relationships between work addiction risk and both sleep quality and well-being. In addition, the analyses of the mediation paths suggest the significant mediation role of sleep quality for the link between work addition risk and stress at work as well as the link between work addiction risk and well-being. Discussion Given the verified mediating role of sleep quality in the relationship between work addiction, stress and wellbeing, it is recommended that organizations and companies pay particular attention to their employees' sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abbas Firoozabadi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Laura Seidel
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Frederic Dutheil
- Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, UMR CNRS 6024 LaPSCo, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Preventive and Occupational Medicine, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Wittyfit, Paris, France
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Höglund P, Hakelind C, Nordin M, Nordin S. Risk factors for insomnia and burnout: A longitudinal population-based cohort study. Stress Health 2023; 39:798-812. [PMID: 36634111 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Insomnia and burnout are highly prevalent in the general population, calling for understanding of its causes. Taking a broad approach, the aim of this study was to determine various mental and somatic risk factors for development of insomnia and burnout and stratifying for sex and age group. Questionnaire data were used from a Swedish population-based sample aged 18-79 years, from which cohorts without insomnia (n = 1702) and without burnout (n = 1972) at baseline were followed-up after 3 years. Self-reports of eight mental and somatic conditions at baseline were used as independent variables in logistic regression analyses to predict development of insomnia and burnout at 3-year follow-up. All eight studied conditions were significant risk factors for development of both insomnia (odds ratio, OR = 1.62-2.73) and burnout (OR = 2.20-3.21). Burnout and poor self-rated health had the highest ORs for insomnia, and poor self-rated health, anxiety and somatic symptoms had the highest ORs for burnout. The ORs were generally similar between men and women, whereas age groups tended to differ in some of the risk factors. The study highlights the importance of a broad assessment of both mental and somatic conditions in the prevention of insomnia and burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Höglund
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Maria Nordin
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Steven Nordin
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Mróz J, Kaleta K. Forgive, Let Go, and Stay Well! The Relationship between Forgiveness and Physical and Mental Health in Women and Men: The Mediating Role of Self-Consciousness. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6229. [PMID: 37444077 PMCID: PMC10341467 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20136229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study assessed forgiveness (positive forgiveness and reduced unforgiveness), self-consciousness (rumination and reflection), and physical and mental health. The aim of the study was to check if self-consciousness mediates the relationship between dispositional forgiveness and health. METHODS To address this link, we conducted 2 studies (N = 484 in Study 1 and N = 249 in Study 2). Data were collected separately for Study 1, as well as Study 2. We used in both studies the Heartland Forgiveness Scale and the Rumination-Reflection Questionnaire, and additionally, the General Health Questionnaire-28 in Study 1 and the Scales of Psychological Well-Being in Study 2. RESULTS The results indicated that rumination was an effective mediator between positive forgiveness and mental health (B = 0.14, CI95% = [0.064, 0.234]), reduced unforgiveness and physical health (B = -0.13, CI95% = [-0.182, -0.088]), and both rumination and reflection between reduced unforgiveness and mental health (B = 0.13 CI95% = [0.051, 0.226]), positive forgiveness (B = -0.09 CI95% = [-0.135, -0.052]), and physical health. CONCLUSION The mediating role of ruminations was more frequently observed in females. The study highlighted the indirect effect between forgiveness and health. Rumination and reflection are mediators between forgiveness and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Mróz
- Department of Psychology, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, 25-029 Kielce, Poland;
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Weigelt O, Seidel JC, Erber L, Wendsche J, Varol YZ, Weiher GM, Gierer P, Sciannimanica C, Janzen R, Syrek CJ. Too Committed to Switch Off-Capturing and Organizing the Full Range of Work-Related Rumination from Detachment to Overcommitment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3573. [PMID: 36834267 PMCID: PMC9967488 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Work-related thoughts during off-job time have been studied extensively in occupational health psychology and related fields. We provide a focused review of the research on overcommitment-a component within the effort-reward imbalance model-and aim to connect this line of research to the most commonly studied aspects of work-related rumination. Drawing on this integrative review, we analyze survey data on ten facets of work-related rumination, namely (1) overcommitment, (2) psychological detachment, (3) affective rumination, (4) problem-solving pondering, (5) positive work reflection, (6) negative work reflection, (7) distraction, (8) cognitive irritation, (9) emotional irritation, and (10) inability to recover. First, we apply exploratory factor analysis to self-reported survey data from 357 employees to calibrate overcommitment items and to position overcommitment within the nomological net of work-related rumination constructs. Second, we apply confirmatory factor analysis to self-reported survey data from 388 employees to provide a more specific test of uniqueness vs. overlap among these constructs. Third, we apply relative weight analysis to assess the unique criterion-related validity of each work-related rumination facet regarding (1) physical fatigue, (2) cognitive fatigue, (3) emotional fatigue, (4) burnout, (5) psychosomatic complaints, and (6) satisfaction with life. Our results suggest that several measures of work-related rumination (e.g., overcommitment and cognitive irritation) can be used interchangeably. Emotional irritation and affective rumination emerge as the strongest unique predictors of fatigue, burnout, psychosomatic complaints, and satisfaction with life. Our study is intended to assist researchers in making informed decisions on selecting scales for their research and paves the way for integrating research on the effort-reward imbalance and work-related rumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Weigelt
- Wilhelm Wundt Institute of Psychology, Leipzig University, D-04109 Leipzig, Germany; (J.C.S.); (L.E.); (R.J.)
| | - J. Charlotte Seidel
- Wilhelm Wundt Institute of Psychology, Leipzig University, D-04109 Leipzig, Germany; (J.C.S.); (L.E.); (R.J.)
| | - Lucy Erber
- Wilhelm Wundt Institute of Psychology, Leipzig University, D-04109 Leipzig, Germany; (J.C.S.); (L.E.); (R.J.)
| | - Johannes Wendsche
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Section 3 Work and Health, D-01099 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Yasemin Z. Varol
- Educational Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, D-60629 Frankfurt, Germany; (Y.Z.V.); (G.M.W.)
| | - Gerald M. Weiher
- Educational Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, D-60629 Frankfurt, Germany; (Y.Z.V.); (G.M.W.)
| | - Petra Gierer
- Work and Organizational Psychology, University of Hagen, D-58084 Hagen, Germany; (P.G.); (C.S.)
| | - Claudia Sciannimanica
- Work and Organizational Psychology, University of Hagen, D-58084 Hagen, Germany; (P.G.); (C.S.)
| | - Richard Janzen
- Wilhelm Wundt Institute of Psychology, Leipzig University, D-04109 Leipzig, Germany; (J.C.S.); (L.E.); (R.J.)
| | - Christine J. Syrek
- Business Psychology, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany;
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Matsubara A, Deng G, Gong L, Chew E, Furue M, Xu Y, Fang B, Hakozaki T. Sleep Deprivation Increases Facial Skin Yellowness. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12020615. [PMID: 36675544 PMCID: PMC9861417 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep shortage is a major concern in modern life and induces various psycho-physical disorders, including skin problems. In cosmeceutics, females are aware that sleep deprivation worsens their facial skin tone. Here, we measured the effects of sleep deprivation on facial skin yellowness and examined yellow chromophores, such as bilirubin and carotenoids, in blood serum as potential causes of yellowness. Total sleep deprivation (0 h sleep overnight, N = 28) and repeated partial sleep deprivation (4 h sleep for 5 consecutive days, N = 10) induced significant increases in facial skin yellowness. The higher yellowness was sustained even after both sleep deprivation types stopped. However, circulating levels of yellow chromophores were unchanged in the total sleep deprivation study. Neither circulating interleukin-6 nor urinary biopyrrin levels were affected by total sleep deprivation, suggesting that apparent oxidative stress in the body was not detected in the present total deprivation protocol. Facial redness was affected by neither total nor repeated partial sleep deprivation. Therefore, blood circulation may play a limited role in elevated yellowness. In conclusion, facial skin yellowness was indeed increased by sleep deprivation in our clinical studies. Local in situ skin-derived factors, rather than systemic chromophore change, may contribute to the sleep deprivation-induced elevation of facial skin yellowness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Matsubara
- Procter & Gamble Innovation G.K., 7-1-18 Onoedori, Chuo-ku, Kobe 651-0088, Japan
- Procter & Gamble International Operations SA SG Branch, 70 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138547, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-78-336-6022; Fax: +81-78-336-6171
| | - Gang Deng
- Procter & Gamble International Operations SA SG Branch, 70 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138547, Singapore
| | - Lili Gong
- Procter & Gamble Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., 35 Yu’an Rd, Shun Yi Qu, Beijing 101318, China
| | - Eileen Chew
- Procter & Gamble International Operations SA SG Branch, 70 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138547, Singapore
| | - Masutaka Furue
- Department of Dermatology, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ying Xu
- Procter & Gamble International Operations SA SG Branch, 70 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138547, Singapore
| | - Bin Fang
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason Business Center, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, OH 45040, USA
| | - Tomohiro Hakozaki
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason Business Center, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, OH 45040, USA
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Nielsen MB, Parveen S, Finne LB. Workplace mistreatment and insomnia: a prospective study of child welfare workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2023; 96:131-141. [PMID: 35882641 PMCID: PMC9823024 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-022-01910-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines how workplace mistreatment relates to insomnia among child welfare workers. The main aim was to determine the impact of three different forms of mistreatment, namely client perpetrated violence, cyber harassment, and colleague perpetrated bullying, on changes in levels of insomnia over time. A secondary aim was to examine whether these three forms of mistreatment represent overlapping or distinct and unique phenomena. METHODS The study was based on a probability sampled prospective survey of 424 Norwegian child welfare workers. Time lag between baseline and follow-up was six months. A confirmatory factor analysis determined the dimensionality of the indicators of mistreatment. TwoStep cluster analysis was used to examine patterns of exposure. Between and within group changes in insomnia was determined with linear regression analyses and repeated measures ANOVA. Dominance analysis was used to investigate the relative impact the predictor variables had on insomnia. RESULTS Client perpetrated violence and colleague perpetrated bullying were associated with increased levels of insomnia over time. Exposure to bullying was established as the most prominent predictor. Client perpetrated violence, cyber harassment, and colleague perpetrated bullying represent unique and distinct constructs. Child welfare workers mainly report exposure to one form of mistreatment rather than a combination of different types. CONCLUSIONS Client perpetrated violence and colleague perpetrated bullying were established as risk factors for insomnia among child welfare workers. Employers and human resource personnel should prioritize developing effective primary, secondary, and tertiary strategies to prevent and handle these hazards and thereby reduce the risk of insomnia among workers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sana Parveen
- grid.416876.a0000 0004 0630 3985National Institute of Occupational Health, Pb 5330 Majorstuen, 0304 Oslo, Norway
| | - Live Bakke Finne
- grid.416876.a0000 0004 0630 3985National Institute of Occupational Health, Pb 5330 Majorstuen, 0304 Oslo, Norway
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11
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Pauli R, Gaum PM, Cropley M, Lang J. Antecedents, outcomes and measurement of work related-cognition in non-work time: A multistudy report using the work-related rumination questionnaire in two languages. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1013744. [PMID: 36935958 PMCID: PMC10017545 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1013744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the perseverative cognition hypothesis, prolonged activation for example, via work-related rumination impairs recovery and thereby poses a risk to employee health. The extent to which gender, age, occupation or longitudinal stress exposure may alter work-related rumination is an ongoing debate. Whether group or longitudinal comparisons of work-related rumination are valid, however, has never been tested. In this multistudy report, we therefore investigated measurement invariance of the widely used Work-Related Rumination Questionnaire (WRRQ) across gender, age, occupation, and longitudinal measurements by performing secondary analyses of preexisting data on work-related rumination. We examined the psychometric properties of WRRQ measurements in two languages and expand knowledge about the nomological network of affective rumination, problem-solving pondering and detachment in relation to individual employee characteristics (e.g., personality, work engagement, commitment), job stressors (e.g., work intensity, decision latitude, social relations with colleagues and supervisors) and employee health outcomes (e.g., wellbeing, irritation, somatic symptoms). Multigroup confirmatory factor analyses showed partial scalar invariance of English and German WRRQ measurements and full scalar invariance across gender, age, occupation and over the period of 1 week (Study 1, n = 2,207). Correlation analyses supported criterion, convergent and discriminant validity of WRRQ measurements (Study 2, n = 4,002). These findings represent a prerequisite for comparisons of work-related cognition across groups and further the understanding of the antecedents and outcomes of different types of work-related cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Pauli
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Roman Pauli,
| | - Petra Maria Gaum
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mark Cropley
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, England, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Lang
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Kröner F, Müller A. Those who need it the most get it the least: Age specific reciprocal effects between social support and mental strain. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2022; 231:103778. [PMID: 36308876 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Socioemotional selectivity theory and models of lifespan development of resources suggest that older workers may particularly benefit from social resources so as to maintain their well-being throughout their work-life span. However, the age-differential effects of social support at work have been rarely investigated. We hypothesised that age moderates the effects of colleagues' and supervisors' social support on mental strain, with strongest effects for older workers. A two-wave complete panel design (six months' time lag) was used. Self-reports from N = 334 nurses (age: 21-63 years) were gathered with established questionnaires: strain was measured by means of the irritation scale; social support from colleagues and supervisors by using a German adaptation of the social support scales. We proved factorial validity and measurement invariance across time points (CFA) and computed path models (SEM). As expected, age moderated the negative longitudinal effects of colleagues' social support on mental strain. Older nurses (≥45 years) benefited the most from colleagues' social support. However, mental strain in older nurses was associated with reduced social support from colleagues. Surprisingly with middle-aged nurses (35-44 years) an increase in colleagues' social support resulted in higher mental strain. No effects for supervisor support were observed. Results indicate that social support by colleagues is an important resource for older workers, but older workers are less likely to receive social support when mental strain is present. Moreover, the timing of social support across the work lifespan seems to be critical, as it might have detrimental effects in middle-aged workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Kröner
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Institute of Psychology, Department of Work & Organizational Psychology, Germany.
| | - Andreas Müller
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Institute of Psychology, Department of Work & Organizational Psychology, Germany.
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Caniëls MCJ, Nikolova I, Hatak I, de Weerd‐Nederhof PC. Antecedents of COVID-19 rumination: A three-wave study. Scand J Psychol 2022; 63:476-483. [PMID: 35604020 PMCID: PMC9347792 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected nearly every aspect of our lives and has caused a considerable rise in psychological complaints such as anxieties and depression. The majority of studies so far has focused on outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic. To augment current knowledge, we focus on the antecedents of COVID-19 rumination. Specially, we examine how negative and positive work events prior to the outbreak influence individuals' coping capacity with regard to COVID-19 (i.e., the extent to which individuals have recurrent negative thoughts about COVID-19). Drawing on Conservation of Resources Theory (COR), we maintain that positive and negative work events prior to the pandemic can affect one's self-efficacy experiences and in turn can impact recurrent negative thoughts about COVID-19. Alongside exploring the proposed theoretical mediation model, we test one of the key assumptions of the COR theory: the notion of primacy of negative over positive affect that results from negative (vs. positive) work events. Three-waved data was collected among Dutch employees (T1 = 302; T2 = 199; T3 = 171); two prior to the pandemic and one at the onset of the outbreak. Results showed that positive work events increased self-efficacy, which in turn reduced COVID-19 rumination. Contrary to the expectation of primacy of the effects of negative work events, we found no significant impact of negative work events on individuals' COVID-19 rumination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irina Nikolova
- Department of Organization, Strategy, and Entrepreneurship, School of Business and EconomicsMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - Isabella Hatak
- University of St. Gallen, Swiss Research Institute of Small Business and Entrepreneurship Dufourstrasse 40aSt. GallenSwitzerland
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14
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Chen H, Wang L, Bao J. Why does leader aggressive humor lead to bystander workplace withdrawal behavior?—Based on the dual path perspective of cognition- affection. Front Psychol 2022; 13:925029. [PMID: 36204760 PMCID: PMC9531020 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.925029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the Cognitive-Affective Personality System Theory, this study takes 443 employees of several Chinese enterprises and their direct superiors as the research objects, then a 1:1 paired survey is carried out at three different time points, and data is processed by Mplus 7.4 software. This study finds from a bystander perspective: leader aggressive humor plays a positive role in bystander affective rumination and bystander workplace anxiety. Both bystander affective rumination and bystander workplace anxiety play a mediation role between leader aggressive humor and bystander workplace withdrawal behavior. Besides, organization-based self-esteem alleviates the positive impact of leader aggressive humor on bystander affective rumination and bystander workplace anxiety, and then moderates the indirect impact of leader aggressive humor on bystander workplace withdrawal behavior through bystander affective rumination and bystander workplace anxiety, respectively. This study has practical guiding significance for promoting the organization to reduce the occurrence of aggressive humor, helping employees better integrate into the organization, and building a harmonious organizational environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- School of Economics and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Chinese Graduate School, Panyapiwat Institute of Management, Pak Kret, Thailand
| | - Jiaying Bao
- School of Literature and Media Institute, Baise University, Guangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Jiaying Bao
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15
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Kerman K, Prem R, Kubicek B, Meyer E, Tement S, Korunka C. Conflict at Work Impairs Physiological Recovery during Sleep: A Daily Diary Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11457. [PMID: 36141731 PMCID: PMC9517418 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sleep plays an essential role in maintaining employees' health and well-being. However, stressors, such as conflict at work, may interfere with employees' sleep. Drawing on previous literature on the relationship between conflict at work and sleep outcomes, we proposed a negative relationship between daily conflict at work and physiological changes during early sleep, particularly nocturnal heart rate variability (HRV). Furthermore, building on the perseverative cognition hypothesis, we proposed that daily work-related rumination mediates the relationship between conflict at work and nocturnal HRV. Ninety-three healthcare employees participated in a daily diary study for five workdays, resulting in 419 observations. Multilevel analysis revealed a significant relationship between daily conflict at work and nocturnal HRV, specifically high-frequency (HF) power. Daily conflict at work was found to predict rumination; however, rumination did not significantly predict nocturnal HRV. Our results suggest that daily conflict at work increases rumination during the off-job time and may directly alter nocturnal HRV, specifically parasympathetic function in early sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kerman
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Roman Prem
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Bettina Kubicek
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Edo Meyer
- Department of Applied Psychology: Work, Education and Economy, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, 1010 Wien, Austria
| | - Sara Tement
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Christian Korunka
- Department of Applied Psychology: Work, Education and Economy, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, 1010 Wien, Austria
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16
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Wang H, Zhou X, Song C, Yin P, Shi R, Zhang H, Dan Y, Wu H, Ye J. The effect of hindrance stressors on the emotional exhaustion among front-line healthcare workers in the recuperation period during the COVID-19 epidemic in China: a prospective cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e049191. [PMID: 35738647 PMCID: PMC9226461 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the influence and conditioning process of hindrance stressors on the emotional exhaustion of the front-line healthcare workers during recuperation, examine the potential mediating process of rumination, and explore the moderating role of organisational and family factors. SETTING This cross-sectional study was conducted during 12-20 July 2020. Total 418 questionnaires were collected from front-line healthcare workers by random cluster sampling. Hierarchical regression was performed to analyse the mediating effect of affective rumination using SPSS25.0, while PROCESS was used to further investigate the moderating role of servant leadership and family support. PARTICIPANTS 418 healthcare workers were investigated randomly from front-line medical teams. Inclusion criteria included worked as front-line health workers and participated in the fight against COVID-19 in Hubei; age ≥18 years; normal cognitive and comprehension abilities under physical and mental health; volunteer to participate in this study. Exclusion criteria included recently affected by major events other than COVID-19 or those with a history of neurasthenia and trauma. RESULTS Using descriptive analysis of average value and SD measured by a five-item scale (MBI-GS), we found that front-line healthcare workers' emotional exhaustion score (2.45±0.88) was at the medium level. Hindrance stressors, mediated by affective rumination, had a significant positive predictive effect on emotional exhaustion. Servant leadership negatively moderated the direct effect of hindrance stressors on emotional exhaustion (β=-0.106, p<0.01). Family support positively moderated the impact of hindrance stressors on emotional exhaustion (β=0.082, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS During the recuperation period, after successfully controlling COVID-19 at the front line, the first-line healthcare workers should be screened through affective rumination evaluation to gain insight for targeted interventions. We find that servant leadership is beneficial in alleviating emotional exhaustion while family support worsens emotional exhaustion. We suggest that servant leadership should be further promoted in medical organisations, and family support should be applied correctly and cautiously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Development and Planning Department, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyao Zhou
- Economics and Management School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Caiping Song
- Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pengpeng Yin
- Department of Scientific Research and Education, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Hua Zhang
- Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Dan
- Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junying Ye
- Department of Scientific Research and Education, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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17
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Dey M, Wenger A, Baumgartner C, Herrmann U, Augsburger M, Haug S, Malischnig D, Schaub MP. Comparing a mindfulness- and CBT-based guided self-help Internet- and mobile-based intervention against a waiting list control condition as treatment for adults with frequent cannabis use: a randomized controlled trial of CANreduce 3.0. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:215. [PMID: 35331191 PMCID: PMC8943921 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03802-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though Internet- and mobile-based interventions (IMIs) and mindfulness-based interventions (generally delivered in-situ) appear effective for people with substance use disorders, IMIs incorporating mindfulness are largely missing, including those targeting frequent cannabis use. METHODS This paper details the protocol for a three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing a mindfulness-based self-help IMI (arm 1) and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)-based self-help IMI (arm 2) versus being on a waiting list (arm 3) in their effectiveness reducing cannabis use in frequent cannabis users. Predictors of retention, adherence and treatment outcomes will be identified and similarities between the two active intervention arms explored. Both active interventions last six weeks and consist of eight modules designed to reduce cannabis use and common mental health symptoms. With a targeted sample size of n = 210 per treatment arm, data will be collected at baseline immediately before program use is initiated; at six weeks, immediately after program completion; and at three and six months post baseline assessment to assess the retention of any gains achieved during treatment. The primary outcome will be number of days of cannabis use over the preceding 30 days. Secondary outcomes will include further measures of cannabis use and use of other substances, changes in mental health symptoms and mindfulness, client satisfaction, intervention retention and adherence, and adverse effects. Data analysis will follow ITT principles and primarily employ (generalized) linear mixed models. DISCUSSION This RCT will provide important insights into the effectiveness of an IMI integrating mindfulness to reduce cannabis use in frequent cannabis users. TRIAL REGISTRATION International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number Registry: ISRCTN14971662 ; date of registration: 09/09/2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Dey
- Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction at the University of Zurich, Konradstrasse 32, 8005, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Andreas Wenger
- Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction at the University of Zurich, Konradstrasse 32, 8005, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Baumgartner
- Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction at the University of Zurich, Konradstrasse 32, 8005, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ute Herrmann
- Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, Institute for Anesthesiology, Pain Center, Brauerstrasse 15, 8401, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Mareike Augsburger
- Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction at the University of Zurich, Konradstrasse 32, 8005, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Severin Haug
- Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction at the University of Zurich, Konradstrasse 32, 8005, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Doris Malischnig
- Office of Addiction and Drug Policy of Vienna, Institute for Addiction Prevention, Modecenterstrasse 14, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael P Schaub
- Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction at the University of Zurich, Konradstrasse 32, 8005, Zurich, Switzerland
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18
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Richter-Killenberg S, Volmer J. How leaders benefit from engaging in high-quality leader-member exchanges: a daily diary study. JOURNAL OF MANAGERIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/jmp-06-2021-0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeDrawing from the conservation of resources theory and the success resource model of job stress, the authors investigated the role of leader behaviours in the context of leader-member exchanges (LMXs) as a driver of leaders' job-related well-being and recovery. Specifically, they hypothesised positive affect and perceived competence as potential mechanisms enhancing leaders' job satisfaction and psychological detachment.Design/methodology/approachDaily diary data were collected from 85 leaders over five consecutive working days (376 daily observations) and analysed using multilevel path analyses.FindingsLeader LMX behaviours were positively associated with leaders' positive affect and perceived competence at work at the person and day levels. Additionally, results provided support for most of the assumed indirect effects of leader LMX behaviours on leaders' job satisfaction and psychological detachment via positive affect and perceived competence.Practical implicationsLeadership development activities should raise leaders' awareness of the relevance of resourceful interactions with followers for leaders' own well-being. Organisations should create a working environment that facilitates high-quality exchanges amongst their members. The current trend towards increasing digital and less face-to-face collaboration may pose a risk to this important resource source for leaders.Originality/valueThese findings emphasise the day-to-day variation in leadership behaviours and that leaders' engagement in high-quality leader-follower interactions has the potential to stimulate a resource-building process for the benefit of leaders themselves.
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19
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It's giving me the blues: A fixed-effects and g-formula approach to understanding job insecurity, sleep disturbances, and major depression. Soc Sci Med 2022; 297:114805. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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20
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Benham G. Bedtime repetitive negative thinking moderates the relationship between psychological stress and insomnia. Stress Health 2021; 37:949-961. [PMID: 33904245 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Research suggests that psychological stress is associated with insomnia, but there is limited research on vulnerabilities that might amplify this association, particularly in college students. Based on a sample of 507 undergraduates, the current study demonstrates that the observed positive correlation between self-perceived stress and insomnia severity is moderated by the tendency to engage in repetitive negative thinking (RNT) at bedtime. Additionally, separate analyses of those who scored below/above the threshold for insomnia (non-insomniacs vs. insomniacs) revealed that the interaction between stress and these negative bedtime cognitions differed qualitatively between the two groups. In insomniacs, the stress-insomnia relationship was dampened for those with lower levels of bedtime RNT, but amplified for those with higher levels. For non-insomniacs, the stress-insomnia relationship was stronger for those with minimal bedtime RNT, while higher levels of bedtime RNT appeared to overshadow this association. To develop a better understanding of the contribution of stress and RNT to clinically relevant levels of insomnia, future studies should take into account the dissimilar patterns of moderation seen in non-insomniacs and insomniacs, either through prospective screening or separate analyses. Findings from the current study suggest that insomnia treatments that can simultaneously reduce stress and address bedtime RNT may be optimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Benham
- Department of Psychological Science, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA
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21
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Ye B, Wu D, Wang P, Im H, Liu M, Wang X, Yang Q. COVID-19 Stressors and Poor Sleep Quality: The Mediating Role of Rumination and the Moderating Role of Emotion Regulation Strategies. Int J Behav Med 2021; 29:416-425. [PMID: 34581977 PMCID: PMC8477722 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-021-10026-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background The global spread of COVID-19 has brought immense psychological distress and sleep problems to those affected. This study examined the mediating role of rumination in the direct association between COVID-19 stressors and poor sleep quality and the moderating roles of emotion regulation strategies. Method A cross-sectional online survey study was conducted in China during the early outbreak of the pandemic. A total of 1106 Chinese college students (Mage = 19.58, SD = 1.61) completed measures of COVID-19 stressors, rumination, emotion regulation strategies (i.e., cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression), and poor sleep quality. Results COVID-19 stressors were positively associated with poor sleep quality (β = .431, p < .001), and rumination partially mediated this association. The mediation effect accounted for 70.93% of the total effect of COVID-19 stressors on poor sleep quality. Moreover, cognitive reappraisal moderated the relation between COVID-19 stressors and rumination, and expressive suppression moderated the association between rumination and poor sleep quality. Conclusion Rumination could be a mechanism by which COVID-19 stressors are linked with poor sleep quality. Cognitive reappraisal might provide desired benefits to improving sleep quality while expressive suppression may do the opposite. Implications for future steps and health interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojuan Ye
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, Center of Preschool Education, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Dehua Wu
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, Center of Preschool Education, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Peiyi Wang
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Hohjin Im
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Mingfan Liu
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, Center of Preschool Education, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinqiang Wang
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, Center of Preschool Education, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- School of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
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22
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Wan M(M, Shaffer MA, Singh R, Zhang Y. Spoiling for a fight: A relational model of daily work‐family balance satisfaction. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/joop.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min (Maggie) Wan
- Department of Management McCoy College of Business Administration Texas State University San Marcos Texas USA
| | - Margaret A. Shaffer
- Division of Management & International Business Price College of Business University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma USA
| | - Romila Singh
- Organizations & Strategic Management Lubar School of Business University of Wisconsin‐Milwaukee Milwaukee Wisconsin USA
| | - Yejun Zhang
- Department of Management Robert C. Vackar College of Business & Entrepreneurship University of Texas Rio Grande Valley Edinburg Texas USA
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23
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Yang H, Zhao X, Fang J, Elhai JD. Relations between anxiety sensitivity's cognitive concerns and anxiety severity: brooding and reflection as serial multiple mediators. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 42:9218-9224. [PMID: 34426723 PMCID: PMC8372224 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02195-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 has caused a major impact on productivity and life functioning, and also led to adverse emotional reactions. In the face of this public health event, increased anxiety is one of the most common emotional reactions. Previous studies have shown that anxiety sensitivity, rumination and anxiety are closely related. Various dimensions of anxiety sensitivity have different effects on anxiety. Also, rumination can be divided into brooding and reflection. To explore the relationships among anxiety sensitivity's cognitive concerns, anxiety and different types of rumination, we conducted an online survey during the outbreak of coronavirus (February 17-25, 2020), using the Anxiety Sensitivity Scale-3 (ASI-3), Ruminative Responses Scale (RSS), and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). The results showed significant positive correlations among anxiety sensitivity's cognitive concerns, anxiety, brooding and reflection. Furthermore, brooding and reflection had a chain mediation effect between cognitive concerns and anxiety, and the mediation effect of reflection was even stronger. Results suggest that anxiety sensitivity's cognitive concerns may not only affect anxiety directly, but also affect anxiety through rumination, especially reflection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Yang
- No. 393 Binshuixi Road, Tianjin, 300387 Xiqing District China Academy of Psychology and Behavior of Tianjin Normal University
- Tianjin Social Science Laboratory of Students' Mental Development and Learning, No. 393 Binshuixi Road, Tianjin, 300387 Xiqing District China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- No. 393 Binshuixi Road, Tianjin, 300387 Xiqing District China Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University
| | - Jianwen Fang
- No. 393 Binshuixi Road, Tianjin, 300387 Xiqing District China Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University
| | - Jon D Elhai
- 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606 USA Department of Psychology, University of Toledo
- 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614 USA Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo
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24
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Chu Y, Lee K, Kim EI. Why Victimized Employees Become Less Engaged at Work: An Integrated Model for Testing the Mediating Role of Sleep Quality. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168468. [PMID: 34444217 PMCID: PMC8393796 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that workplace victimization is negatively related to work engagement. The explanations for the underlying mechanisms, however, are still in a nascent stage. Drawing on the limited resource theory of self-regulation and research on workplace aggression and sleep, we develop and test an integrated model, which explains that victimized employees may have impaired sleep quality and thus have less energy and be less likely to be engaged in their work. The results of logistic regression and structural equation modeling analyses of large-scale survey data collected from 90,272 employees across the years 2010, 2011, 2014, and 2017, indicate that workplace victimization is negatively related to sleep quality and subsequent workplace engagement, even controlling for alternative explanations-job insecurity and basic psychological needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness. Our findings advance our knowledge on the detrimental consequences of workplace victimization and suggest that, while unmet basic psychological needs matter, impaired sleep quality is one reason why victimized employees find it difficult to engage at work.
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25
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Kartal D, Arjmand HA, Varker T, Cowlishaw S, O'Donnell M, Phelps A, Howard A, Hopwood M, McFarlane A, Bryant RA, Forbes D, Cooper J, Hinton M. Cross-Lagged Relationships Between Insomnia and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Treatment-Receiving Veterans. Behav Ther 2021; 52:982-994. [PMID: 34134836 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Insomnia is a risk factor for the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) while it is also plausible that PTSD symptoms can maintain insomnia symptoms. The present study examined longitudinal bidirectional relationships between insomnia and PTSD symptoms in treatment-seeking veterans. Participants were 693 ex-serving members of the Australian Defence Force who participated in an accredited, hospital-based outpatient PTSD program. Participants completed self-reported assessments of PTSD and insomnia symptoms at four time points: intake, discharge, 3-month, and 9-months posttreatment follow-up. Cross-lagged pathway analyses indicated significant bi-directional pathways between insomnia symptoms and PTSD symptoms at most time points. A final cross-lagged model between insomnia symptoms and the PTSD symptom clusters indicated that the PTSD symptom paths on insomnia symptoms, between intake and discharge, were attributable to reexperiencing PTSD symptoms. In contrast, across posttreatment follow-up time points there were significant paths of insomnia symptoms on all PTSD symptom clusters except from insomnia at 3-months to avoidance symptom at 9-months. PTSD symptoms and insomnia symptoms have bidirectional associations over time that may lead to the mutual maintenance or exacerbation of each condition following PTSD treatment. Where residual insomnia symptoms are present post-treatment, a sleep-focussed intervention is indicated and a sequenced approach to treatment recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dzenana Kartal
- Phoenix Australia-Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health and University of Melbourne.
| | | | - Tracey Varker
- Phoenix Australia-Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health and University of Melbourne
| | - Sean Cowlishaw
- Phoenix Australia-Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health and University of Melbourne
| | - Meaghan O'Donnell
- Phoenix Australia-Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health and University of Melbourne
| | - Andrea Phelps
- Phoenix Australia-Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health and University of Melbourne
| | - Alexandra Howard
- Phoenix Australia-Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health and University of Melbourne
| | | | | | | | - David Forbes
- Phoenix Australia-Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health and University of Melbourne
| | - John Cooper
- Phoenix Australia-Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health and University of Melbourne
| | - Mark Hinton
- Phoenix Australia-Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health and University of Melbourne
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26
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Cao Q, Zhao H, Yao J, Liang Y. Anxiety and sleep quality in Chinese persons with a substance use disorder: A moderated mediation model of rumination and mindfulness. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-019-00200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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Schleupner R, Kühnel J. Fueling Work Engagement: The Role of Sleep, Health, and Overtime. Front Public Health 2021; 9:592850. [PMID: 34095043 PMCID: PMC8172578 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.592850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
With the current study, we investigate mechanisms linking sleep quality with work engagement. Work engagement is an affective-motivational state of feeling vigorous, absorbed, and dedicated while working. Drawing from both the effort-recovery model and the job demands-resources framework, we hypothesize that sleep quality should be positively related to work engagement via the replenishment of personal resources that become apparent in mental health and physical health. Because personal resources should gain salience especially in the face of job demands, we hypothesize that overtime as an indicator for job demands should strengthen the positive relationship between mental health and work engagement. We gathered data from 152 employees from diverse industries via an online survey. Results showed that sleep quality was positively related to work engagement (r = 0.20, p < 0.05), and that mental health mediated this relationship (indirect effect: β = 0.23, lower limit confidence interval = 0.13, upper limit confidence interval = 0.34). However, physical health did not serve as a mediator. Overtime turned out to be significantly and positively related to work engagement (r = 0.22, p < 0.01), replicating previous findings, but did not significantly interact with mental health or physical health in predicting work engagement. Overall, the study highlights the significance of sleep quality for employees' mental health and work engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricarda Schleupner
- Occupational, Economic and Social Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Bierman A. Why Have Sleep Problems in Later-Midlife Grown Following the Great Recession? A Comparative Cohort Analysis. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:1005-1014. [PMID: 32227082 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This research compares three cohorts of individuals in their fifth decade of life and examines whether sleep problems are greater in cohorts following the Great Recession. We argue that these differences will occur because postrecession cohorts are exposed to more economic burdens that harm sleep. We also suggest that postrecession exposure to economic burdens will be amplified among women, leading to greater cross-cohort differences in sleep problems. METHOD Data were derived from the Health and Retirement Study, focusing on cohort surveys starting in 2004, 2010, and 2016 (N = 12,129). Structural equation models compared cohorts in latent levels of sleep problems and also examined whether economic burdens mediated cohort differences. Interactions tested whether cohort differences varied between men and women. RESULTS The 2010 and 2016 cohorts had higher mean levels of sleep problems than the 2004 cohort. Greater postrecession exposure to economic burdens largely explained inter-cohort change in sleep problems, with this pattern stronger among women. DISCUSSION Americans are approaching their senior years increasingly burdened by economic stressors that incur sleep problems. Practitioners and aging researchers should be prepared to address deleterious health consequences created by heightened sleep impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Bierman
- Department of Sociology, University of Calgary, Canada
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29
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Nikolova I, Caniëls MCJ, Curseu PL. COVID-19 Rumination Scale (C-19RS): Initial psychometric evidence in a sample of Dutch employees. Int J Health Plann Manage 2021; 36:1166-1177. [PMID: 33817832 PMCID: PMC8251247 DOI: 10.1002/hpm.3165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Starting with the spring of 2020, COVID‐19 pandemic has impacted nearly every aspect of our lives. Due to its threatening nature, along with the rapid rise in contamination and mortality figures, the spread of the virus has caused a considerable rise in individuals' anxieties. To enable the assessment of the COVID‐19‐triggered individual rumination, we developed and tested a COVID‐19 Rumination Scale (C‐19RS). Design and Methods Demographics (i.e., gender, age and education) and several items assessing the proximity of one's exposure to the virus (i.e., whether one's family and close friends are affected) were evaluated as antecedents of C‐19RS that provided evidence for the criterion validity of the scale. A sample of 523 Dutch employees working in different companies and sectors completed the online survey in March 2020. Results Results showed that women, older individuals and workers with lower educational level ruminated considerably more about COVID‐19. In keeping with prior theoretical and empirical work on stress and coping, we established that COVID‐19 ruminative thoughts can unlock withdrawal coping reactions (i.e., self‐handicapping) and drain individual's energy (i.e., causing emotional exhaustion), whereby providing evidence for the predictive validity of the new instrument. In addition, we examined how the COVID‐19 rumination evolved during the nearly 3‐week period of the data collection, a time‐frame that coincided with the introduction of the national restrictive measures in the Netherlands. Results showed a drop in the level of rumination, which might be indicative of potential habituation with the stressor. Conclusions The results supported the sound psychometric qualities of the scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Nikolova
- Department of Leadership and Organizational Behavior, BI Norwegian Business School, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Management, Open Universiteit, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Petru L Curseu
- Faculty of Management, Open Universiteit, Heerlen, the Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Pauli R, Lang J. Collective resources for individual recovery: The moderating role of social climate on the relationship between job stressors and work-related rumination – A multilevel approach. GERMAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PERSONALFORSCHUNG 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/23970022211002361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we link cognitive processes of recovery to the social context in which employees experience job stressors. The aim was to examine how the social context in which employees experience work stressors is associated with individuals’ work-related thoughts in nonwork time and thus may prolong work-related mental efforts beyond working hours. We used aggregated individual ratings on social relations with colleagues and supervisors as a primer for social climate within workgroups, calculated the rate of permanent employment contracts per workgroup as a proxy for the stability of social relations within workgroups and used organizational affiliations to specify job settings in terms of routine versus creative tasks. Drawing on cross-sectional data from a psychosocial risk assessment and occupational health promotion survey of N = 1836 employees in 118 workgroups with different occupations at a German university, we tested multilevel random-coefficient models for affective rumination and problem-solving pondering. Results indicated a negative association of collegial climate with affective rumination but no association with problem-solving pondering. Supervisory climate was unrelated to both types of ruminative thinking. The stability of social relations within workgroups was negatively associated with affective rumination as well as with problem-solving pondering, whereas the job setting was only associated with problem-solving pondering. A cross-level interaction indicated a positive moderation effect of collegial climate on the relationship between job stressors and affective rumination. The findings indicate that a positive collegial climate can buffer the negative impact of low to average levels of job stressors on work-related thoughts and lead to the conclusion that the social context in which job stressors are experienced may alter individuals’ ability to mentally unwind from work.
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31
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Wendsche J, de Bloom J, Syrek C, Vahle-Hinz T. Always on, never done? How the mind recovers after a stressful workday? GERMAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PERSONALFORSCHUNG 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/23970022211004598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Many workers experience their jobs as effortful or even stressful, which can result in strain. Although recovery from work would be an adaptive strategy to prevent the adverse effects of work-related strain, many workers face problems finding enough time to rest and to mentally disconnect from work during nonwork time. What goes on in workers’ minds after a stressful workday? What is it about their jobs that makes them think about their work? This special issue aims to bridge the gap between research on recovery processes mainly examined in Occupational Health Psychology, and research on work stress and working hours, often investigated in the field of Human Resource Management. We first summarize conceptual and theoretical streams from both fields of research. In the following, we discuss the contributions of the five special issue papers and conclude with key messages and directions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica de Bloom
- Tampere University, Finland
- University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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32
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Beyond single sleep measures: A composite measure of sleep health and its associations with psychological and physical well-being in adulthood. Soc Sci Med 2021; 274:113800. [PMID: 33652324 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Sleep is important for many functions including body and mind restoration. Studies report the association of sleep with stress and physical deterioration, often focusing only on sleep duration; yet, sleep health needs to be understood by multiple dimensions to comprehensively capture its impact on well-being. OBJECTIVE This study examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of multidimensional sleep health with perceived stress and chronic physical conditions. METHODS We used a sample of 441 adults (M age = 57 years) who participated in the biomarker project of the Midlife in the United States Study. Participants provided self-report and actigraphy sleep data in 2004-2009 (T1). We created a composite score of sleep health (Range = 0-6; higher indicating more sleep problems) encompassing: actigraphy-measured regularity, timing, efficiency, duration, and self-reported satisfaction and alertness. Participants responded to the perceived stress scale and chronic physical conditions checklist at T1; chronic physical conditions were reassessed in 2013-2015 (T2). RESULTS Cross-sectionally, a composite score of sleep health problems was uniquely associated with higher perceived stress and more chronic conditions, explaining additional variance that each individual sleep variable did not explain. Sleep duration - one of the most commonly researched dimensions of sleep - was not associated with either perceived stress or chronic conditions. Longitudinally, for individuals who had fewer chronic conditions at T1, having more sleep health problems was associated with an increase in chronic conditions at T2. Among the multiple dimensions, sleep satisfaction was most consistently and strongly associated with the outcomes. CONCLUSION Findings suggest the importance of considering multiple sleep dimensions concerning psychological and physical well-being in adulthood.
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33
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Giannakopoulos G, Kolaitis G. Sleep problems in children and adolescents following traumatic life events. World J Psychiatry 2021; 11:27-34. [PMID: 33643859 PMCID: PMC7896245 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v11.i2.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rates of childhood trauma exposure are extremely high, with approximately 70% of children and adolescents experiencing at least one traumatic event. Among the most common non-specific consequences of stress and trauma are disruptions of sleep. Sleep problems, such as shorter sleep duration, difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings, nightmares, sleepless nights, and early-morning wakefulness appear to have a higher prevalence among children and adolescents following traumatic events. This review will illustrate the role of sleep problems in traumatized children and adolescents, and emphasize the need to consider a wide range of etiological mechanisms for these symptoms. However, the relationship of trauma exposure to sleep problems among children and adolescents needs further investigation in future research. Moreover, in view of the adverse consequences of long-term disrupted sleep on mental health outcomes following trauma, the need to effectively address sleep disturbances in traumatized children and adolescents is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Giannakopoulos
- Department of Child Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Kolaitis
- Department of Child Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens 11527, Greece
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Job Demand-Control-Support Latent Profiles and Their Relationships with Interpersonal Stressors, Job Burnout, and Intrinsic Work Motivation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17249430. [PMID: 33339208 PMCID: PMC7765581 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the Job Demand-Control-Support (JDCS) model, the combination of job demands, job control, and social support was hypothesized to lead to eight different constellations of job types. According to the model, these constellations are linked to wellbeing/health and learning outcomes. In the last three decades, these constellations of job types have been investigated by adopting a variable-centered perspective. However, latent profile analyses (LPA) enable a person-centered approach and empirically capture constellations of job types. In the present study, we used LPA to empirically identify distinct profiles of JDCS among Italian healthcare workers. Furthermore, we investigated the role of social stressors (workplace relationships and coworkers’ incivility) as antecedents of these profiles and the association of these profiles with job burnout and work motivation. Results from LPA (n = 1671) revealed four profiles: Isolated Prisoner, Participatory Leader, Moderate Strain, and Low Strain. Negative relationships at work and coworkers’ incivility increased the chances of being included in both Isolated prisoner and Participatory Leader profiles. Finally, the Isolated Prisoner and Moderate Strain profiles showed the highest levels of emotional exhaustion and cynicism and the lower levels of intrinsic work motivation. This study extends previous JDCS research, highlighting that researchers should consider empirically identified profiles rather than theoretically defined subgroups. Implications for stress theory, future research, and practice are discussed.
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35
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Ye B, Wu D, Im H, Liu M, Wang X, Yang Q. Stressors of COVID-19 and stress consequences: The mediating role of rumination and the moderating role of psychological support. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2020; 118:105466. [PMID: 32994656 PMCID: PMC7515821 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS AND AIMS As COVID-19 spreads rapidly, this global pandemic has not only brought the risk of death but also spread unbearable psychological pressure to people around the world. The aim of this study was to explore (a) the mediating role of rumination in the association between stressors of COVID-19 and stress consequences of college students, and (b) the moderating role of psychological support in the indirect relationship between stressors of COVID-19 and stress consequences of college students. METHODS Eight hundred and forty-one Chinese college students (Mage = 19.50 years, SD = 1.580) completed the measures of stressors of COVID-19, stress consequences, rumination, and psychological support. RESULTS Stressors of COVID-19 were significantly positively associated with stress consequences, and mediation analyses indicated that rumination partially mediated this association. Moderated mediation analysis further revealed that psychological support buffered the relation between stressors of COVID-19 and rumination, as well as the relation between rumination and stress consequences. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Findings of this study demonstrated that stressors associated with COVID-19 is positively related to rumination, which in turn, is related to stress consequences in college students. However, psychological support buffered this effect at both indirect mediation paths, suggesting that college students with greater psychological support may be better equipped to prevent negative stress consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojuan Ye
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Dehua Wu
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Hohjin Im
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, 4201 Social & Behavioral Sciences Gateway, Irvine 92617, United States
| | - Mingfan Liu
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Xinqiang Wang
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- School of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
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36
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Rost EA, Glasgow TE, Calderwood C. Active Today, Replenished Tomorrow? How Daily Physical Activity Diminishes Next-Morning Depletion. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2020; 13:219-238. [PMID: 32956557 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity is a salient input to psychological health and well-being. Recent applied psychology research suggests that physical activity of a greater intensity is particularly important for recovery from work-related effort expenditure. However, whether and how moderate-to-vigorous levels of physical activity influence recovery outside of working populations remains unclear. Further, the process through which this relationship unfolds on a day-to-day basis has yet to be mapped. METHOD We conducted a 10-day daily diary study in a sample of 66 college students that incorporated objective measurements of physical activity and sleep to address these research gaps. RESULTS We found that higher levels of daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were associated with leisure-time psychological detachment from daily school demands, which in turn related to longer duration sleep that diminished next-morning depletion. DISCUSSION We discuss how our findings advance a dynamic perspective of the intersection of physical activity and recovery from day-to-day that can be applied outside of working populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Rost
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA
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37
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Liu L, Cao Q. Perceived Stress and Sleep Quality among Chinese Drug Users: Analysis of Rumination as a Mediator and Resilience as a Moderator. Int J Ment Health Addict 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00388-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Skarpsno ES, Nilsen TIL, Sand T, Hagen K, Mork PJ. Work-Related Mental Fatigue, Physical Activity and Risk of Insomnia Symptoms: Longitudinal Data from the Norwegian HUNT Study. Behav Sleep Med 2020; 18:488-499. [PMID: 31307230 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2019.1614927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND To examine the prospective association between work-related mental fatigue and risk of insomnia symptoms, and if leisure time physical activity modifies this association. PARTICIPANTS A total of 8,464 women and 7,480 men who participated in two consecutive surveys of the Norwegian HUNT study. METHODS The study comprises longitudinal data on persons who were vocationally active and without insomnia symptoms at baseline in 1995-1997. We used a modified Poisson regression model to calculate adjusted risk ratios (RRs) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) for insomnia symptoms at follow-up in 2006-2008 associated with work-related mental fatigue and leisure time physical activity at baseline. RESULTS Women and men who always experienced mental fatigue after a workday had RRs of insomnia symptoms of 2.55 (95% CI 1.91-3.40) and 2.61 (95% CI 1.80-3.78), respectively, compared to workers who never or seldom had this experience. There was no strong modifying effect of leisure time physical activity on this association, but workers who always experienced mental fatigue had a RR of insomnia symptoms of 3.17 (95% CI 2.28-4.40) if they reported low physical activity and a RR of 2.52 (95% 1.89-3.39) if they reported high physical activity. CONCLUSION This study shows that work-related mental fatigue, caused by high cognitive workload, is a strong risk factor for insomnia symptoms. There was no clear modifying effect of leisure time physical activity but workers who experienced excessive work-related fatigue accompanied by low physical activity had the highest risk of insomnia symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eivind Schjelderup Skarpsno
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Olavs Hospital , Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tom Ivar Lund Nilsen
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital , Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trond Sand
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Olavs Hospital , Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim, Norway
| | - Knut Hagen
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Olavs Hospital , Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim, Norway.,Norwegian National Headache Centre, St. Olavs Hospital , Trondheim, Norway
| | - Paul Jarle Mork
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim, Norway
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39
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Work reflection during leisure time and employee creativity: The role of psychological capital. JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & ORGANIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1017/jmo.2020.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This paper explores the relationships among positive and negative work reflection during leisure time, psychological capital, and radical and incremental creativity. We collected data from 500 dyads of employees and their direct supervisors, and employed the structural equation model to test our research hypotheses. The results reveal that positive work reflection during leisure time is positively related to radical and incremental creativity, while negative work reflection during leisure time is negatively related to the two types of creativity. Our findings also suggest that psychological capital mediates the effects of positive and negative work reflection during leisure time on radical and incremental creativity.
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40
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Cropley M, Collis H. The Association Between Work-Related Rumination and Executive Function Using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function. Front Psychol 2020; 11:821. [PMID: 32508703 PMCID: PMC7248272 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Work-related rumination has been associated with a number of health complaints, however, little is known about the underlying factors associated with rumination. Previous work using proxy measures of executive function showed work-related rumination to be negatively associated with executive function. In this paper, we report two studies that examined the association between work-related rumination and executive function utilizing an ecological valid measure of executive function: the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF-A, Roth et al., 2005). In study 1 (N = 63), high, relative to low work-related ruminators, were found to demonstrate lower executive function skills, in eight of the nine subscales of the BRIEF. The aim of study 2 (N = 237) was to identify, the key executive function subscale/s associated with work-related rumination. Controlling for known factors associated with work-related rumination (fatigue and sleep), regression analysis identified the behavioral regulation subscale “shift” as the key predictor within the model. Shift relates to our ability to switch attention, to think about different solutions, and dealing with and accepting change. It was concluded that these findings lend support for future research to develop interventions for enhancing shift ability, as an aid to reduce work-related ruminative thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Cropley
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Collis
- Surrey Business School, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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41
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Nielsen MB, Harris A, Pallesen S, Einarsen SV. Workplace bullying and sleep – A systematic review and meta-analysis of the research literature. Sleep Med Rev 2020; 51:101289. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2020.101289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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42
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Cho E, Chen TY. The bidirectional relationships between effort-reward imbalance and sleep problems among older workers. Sleep Health 2020; 6:299-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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43
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Jiang L, Hu S, Näswall K, López Bohle S, Wang HJ. Why and when cognitive job insecurity relates to affective job insecurity? A three-study exploration of negative rumination and the tendency to negative gossip. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1359432x.2020.1758669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Jiang
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sanman Hu
- College of Business Administration, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Katharina Näswall
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Sergio López Bohle
- Faculty of Business Administration and Economy, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Hai-Jiang Wang
- School of Management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Reis D, Prestele E. The Role of Trait and State Perfectionism in Psychological Detachment From Daily Job Demands. Stress Health 2020; 36:228-245. [PMID: 31612593 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Psychological detachment has been proposed to be a mediator of the relations between an individual's responses to stressful work-related experiences and mid- and long-term health. However, the number of studies that have specifically examined the role that personal characteristics play in these associations is considerably small. One personal characteristic that might specifically interfere with psychological detachment is perfectionism, which has been considered an important vulnerability factor for the development of psychological disorders. Hence, the goal of this registered report was to extend research on psychological detachment by introducing trait and state perfectionism as moderators of the aforementioned relations. We conducted an experience sampling study with three measurement occasions per day over the course of 3 working weeks (N = 158 employees; Mage = 41.6; 67% women). Multilevel path models showed that perfectionistic concerns consistently determined strain responses at between- and within-levels of analyses even after the effects of job demands (i.e., unfinished tasks and role ambiguity) and detachment were accounted for. However, we found no evidence for the proposed moderation effects. The theoretical implications for the understanding of the processes proposed in the stressor-detachment model are discussed.
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45
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Behrendt D, Ebert DD, Spiegelhalder K, Lehr D. Efficacy of a Self-Help Web-Based Recovery Training in Improving Sleep in Workers: Randomized Controlled Trial in the General Working Population. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e13346. [PMID: 31909725 PMCID: PMC6996739 DOI: 10.2196/13346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep complaints are among the most prevalent health concerns, especially among workers, which may lead to adverse effects on health and work. Internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (iCBT-I) offers the opportunity to deliver effective solutions on a large scale. The efficacy of iCBT-I for clinical samples has been demonstrated in recent meta-analyses, and there is evidence that iCBT-I is effective in the working population with severe sleep complaints. However, to date, there is limited evidence from randomized controlled trials that iCBT-I could also be an effective tool for universal prevention among the general working population regardless of symptom severity. Although increasing evidence suggests that negatively toned cognitive activity may be a key factor for the development and maintenance of insomnia, little is known about how iCBT-I improves sleep by reducing presleep cognitive activity. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the efficacy of a self-help internet-delivered recovery training, based on principles of iCBT-I tailored to the work-life domain, among the general working population. General and work-related cognitive activities were investigated as potential mediators of the intervention's effect. METHODS A sample of 177 workers were randomized to receive either the iCBT-I (n=88) or controls (n=89). The intervention is a Web-based training consisting of six 1-week modules. As the training was self-help, participants received nothing but technical support via email. Web-based self-report assessments were scheduled at baseline, at 8 weeks, and at 6 months following randomization. The primary outcome was insomnia severity. Secondary outcomes included measures of mental health and work-related health and cognitive activity. In an exploratory analysis, general and work-related cognitive activities, measured as worry and work-related rumination, were investigated as mediators. RESULTS Analysis of the linear mixed effects model showed that, relative to controls, participants who received iCBT-I reported significantly lower insomnia severity scores at postintervention (between-group mean difference -4.36; 95% CI -5.59 to - 3.03; Cohen d=0.97) and at 6-month follow-up (between-group difference: -3.64; 95% CI -4.89 to -2.39; Cohen d=0.86). The overall test of group-by-time interaction was significant (P<.001). Significant differences, with small-to-large effect sizes, were also detected for cognitive activity and for mental and work-related health, but not for absenteeism. Mediation analysis demonstrated that work-related rumination (indirect effect: a1b1=-0.80; SE=0.34; 95% boot CI -1.59 to -0.25) and worry (indirect effect: a2b2=-0.37; SE=0.19; 95% boot CI -0.85 to -0.09) mediate the intervention's effect on sleep. CONCLUSIONS A self-help Web-based recovery training, grounded in the principles of iCBT-I, can be effective in the general working population, both short and long term. Work-related rumination may be a particularly crucial mediator of the intervention's effect, suggesting that tailoring interventions to the workplace, including components to reduce the work-related cognitive activity, might be important when designing recovery interventions for workers. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00007142; https://www.drks.de/DRKS00007142.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doerte Behrendt
- Department of Health Psychology and Applied Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leuphana University of Lueneburg, Lueneburg, Germany
| | - David Daniel Ebert
- Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Clinical, Neuro- & Developmental Psychology, Free University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Germany
| | - Kai Spiegelhalder
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Lehr
- Department of Health Psychology and Applied Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leuphana University of Lueneburg, Lueneburg, Germany
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Gerhardt C, Kottwitz MU, Lüdin TJ, Gabriel D, Elfering A. Work and sleep quality in railway employees: an actigraphy study. ERGONOMICS 2020; 63:13-30. [PMID: 31594485 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2019.1677945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This actigraphy study tests whether daily work stressors (time pressure, social stressors), work resources (control, social support) and mental detachment from work predict sleep quality, when controlling for demands and control after work. Fifty-two railway employees participated during five consecutive workdays by completing diary questionnaires and wearing an actigraphy device. The results confirmed that social stressors from supervisors predicted more frequent sleep fragmentation and lower sleep efficiency the following night. Higher levels of daily time control at work predicted shorter sleep-onset latency and better self-reported sleep quality. Leisure time control as a covariate turned out to be a private resource, followed by fewer awakenings the following night. Detachment after work related negatively to social stressors and time pressure at work but was unrelated to indicators of sleep quality; detachment after work neither mediated nor moderated the relationship between social stressors from supervisors and sleep quality. Work redesign to increase time control and reduce social stressors is recommended to preserve daily recovery in railway employees. Practitioner summary: Sleep is important to renew health- and safety-related resources in railway employees. This diary and actigraphy study shows that higher daily work stressors were antecedents of lower sleep quality the following night, while more time control was followed by better sleep quality. Work redesign could promote health and safety by improving sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Undine Kottwitz
- Department of Psychology, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- National Centre of Competence in Research, Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, CISA, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Achim Elfering
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research, Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, CISA, Geneva, Switzerland
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Vahle-Hinz T. Little things matter: a daily diary study of the within-person relationship between workplace incivility and work-related rumination. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2019; 57:676-690. [PMID: 30814392 PMCID: PMC6885595 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2018-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Workplace incivility is a low-intensity, counterproductive work behavior associated with negative health outcomes and organizational consequences (e.g., turnover intention). In the present study, I used a daily diary design to investigate the short-term within-person effects of workplace incivility on work-related rumination. Time pressure was included in the present study to underline the importance of workplace incivility for off-work ruminative thoughts beyond the known effects of a stressful workday. Additionally, I propose mood at the end of the workday as a mediator for the proposed relationships. The results of my study corroborate the existence of the daily within-person and the more stable weekly between-person effect of workplace incivility on off-work ruminative thoughts. These results suggest that the experience of short-term and fluctuating workplace incivility has an impact on off-work ruminative thinking even when controlling for the known effects of time pressure. With regard to my proposed mediational effect, my hypothesis was not confirmed. In an additional analysis, however, mediation was confirmed when time pressure was excluded from the model. Further, the within-person relationship between time pressure and work-related rumination was mediated by mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Vahle-Hinz
- Department of Organizational, Business, and Social Psychology, Psychologische Hochschule Berlin, Germany
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48
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Abstract
Are you feeling anxious? Did you sleep poorly last night? Sleep disruption is a recognized feature of all anxiety disorders. Here, we investigate the basic brain mechanisms underlying the anxiogenic impact of sleep loss. Additionally, we explore whether subtle, societally common reductions in sleep trigger elevated next-day anxiety. Finally, we examine what it is about sleep, physiologically, that provides such an overnight anxiety-reduction benefit. We demonstrate that the anxiogenic impact of sleep loss is linked to impaired medial prefrontal cortex activity and associated connectivity with extended limbic regions. In contrast, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) slow-wave oscillations offer an ameliorating, anxiolytic benefit on these brain networks following sleep. Of societal relevance, we establish that even modest night-to-night reductions in sleep across the population predict consequential day-to-day increases in anxiety. These findings help contribute to an emerging framework explaining the intimate link between sleep and anxiety and further highlight the prospect of non-rapid eye movement sleep as a therapeutic target for meaningfully reducing anxiety.
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My Mind is Working Overtime-Towards an Integrative Perspective of Psychological Detachment, Work-Related Rumination, and Work Reflection. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16162987. [PMID: 31434205 PMCID: PMC6719247 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16162987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In the literature on occupational stress and recovery from work, several facets of thinking about work during off-job time have been conceptualized. However, research on the focal concepts is currently rather diffuse. In this study we take a closer look at the five most well-established concepts: (1) psychological detachment, (2) affective rumination, (3) problem-solving pondering, (4) positive work reflection, and (5) negative work reflection. More specifically, we scrutinized (1) whether the five facets of work-related rumination are empirically distinct, (2) whether they yield differential associations with different facets of employee well-being (burnout, work engagement, thriving, satisfaction with life, and flourishing), and (3) to what extent the five facets can be distinguished from and relate to conceptually similar constructs, such as irritation, worry, and neuroticism. We applied structural equation modeling techniques to cross-sectional survey data from 474 employees. Our results provide evidence for (1) five correlated, yet empirically distinct facets of work-related rumination. (2) Each facet yields a unique pattern of association with the eight aspects of employee well-being. For instance, detachment is strongly linked to satisfaction with life and flourishing. Affective rumination is linked particularly to burnout. Problem-solving pondering and positive work reflection yield the strongest links to work engagement. (3) The five facets of work-related rumination are distinct from related concepts, although there is a high overlap between (lower levels of) psychological detachment and cognitive irritation. Our study contributes to clarifying the structure of work-related rumination and extends the nomological network around different types of thinking about work during off-job time and employee well-being.
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50
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Galliker S, Nicoletti C, Feer S, Irene Etzer-Hofer, Brunner B, Grosse Holtforth M, Melloh M, Dratva J, Elfering A. Quality of leadership and presenteeism in health professions education and research: a test of a recovery-based process model with cognitive irritation and impaired sleep as mediators. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2019; 25:239-251. [PMID: 31244323 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2019.1634823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Presenteeism (PRES) includes working while feeling ill and constrained in performance. Compared with absence from work, PRES generates significantly higher cost estimates. Health problems and PRES are related to leadership quality. Hence, research on corporate health management needs to explore why leadership problems (LP) correspond to more frequent PRES.This study tests recovery after work as an underlying process with cognitive irritation (COGIRR) and sleep problems (SP) as simultaneous mediators and explores three mediation pathways (path one: LP→COGIRR→PRES; path two: LP→SP→PRES; and path three: LP→COGIRR→SP→PRES). Out of 293 employees of a university's school of health professions in German-speaking Switzerland, 211 completed a questionnaire. LP and PRES were found to be positively related (r(211) = .22, p < .01). The tests of mediation yielded no significant results for path one and two, but the third mediation path LP→COGIRR→SP→PRES was positive and differed significantly from zero (B = 0.83, CI95 = 0.33 to 1.69). According to our results, a recovery-based mediation model fits the empirical self-report data best. These results suggest that occupational health interventions should improve leadership quality to promote recovery after work in order to increase health and productivity by reduced PRES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle Galliker
- Department of Work and Organizational Psychology, University of Bern, Institute of Psychology, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Corinne Nicoletti
- School of Health Professions, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Feer
- School of Health Professions, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Irene Etzer-Hofer
- School of Health Professions, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Brunner
- School of Management and Law, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur Institute of Health Economics, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Martin Grosse Holtforth
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Institute of Psychology, Bern, Switzerland.,Division of Psychosomatic Medicine, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Markus Melloh
- School of Health Professions, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland.,Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia.,UWA Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Julia Dratva
- School of Health Professions, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland.,Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Achim Elfering
- Department of Work and Organizational Psychology, University of Bern, Institute of Psychology, Bern, Switzerland
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