Implantable (Bio)sensors as new tools for wireless monitoring of brain neurochemistry in real time

Table 1 Principal characteristics of the main techniques indicated in this review and used for in vivo monitoring of brain neurochemistry

Characteristics of	Technique
the technique	Electrochemical techniques (voltammetry)				Microdialysis
	CPA	CA	DPV	FSCV
Brain invasiveness	+	+	+	+	++
Selectivity	+	+	++	++	+++
Sensitivity	++	++	+	+	+++
Concentration range	nmol/L-mmol/L	nmol/L-mmol/L	nmol/L-mmol/L	nmol/L-mmol/L	fmol/L-mmol/L
Temporal resolution	++++	+++	++	+++	+
Spatial resolution	++	+++	++	+++	+
Monitoring period	d/wk	d/wk	d/wk	d/wk	h/d
Untethered detection	++	+	+	+	-

CPA: Constant potential amperometry; CA: Chronoamperometry; DPV: Differential pulse voltammetry; FSCV: Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry.