Acquisition and dissemination mechanisms of CTX&Phi; in Vibrio cholerae: New paradigm for dif residents

doi:10.5496/wjmg.v4.i2.27

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May 27, 2014 (publication date) through Apr 24, 2024

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World Journal of Medical Genetics

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World J Med Genet. May 27, 2014; 4(2): 27-33
Published online May 27, 2014. doi: 10.5496/wjmg.v4.i2.27

Acquisition and dissemination mechanisms of CTXΦ in Vibrio cholerae: New paradigm for dif residents

Bhabatosh Das, G Balakrish Nair, Rupak K Bhadra

Bhabatosh Das, G Balakrish Nair, Centre for Human Microbial Ecology, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Gurgaon 122 016, Haryana, India

Rupak K Bhadra, Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India

Author contributions: Das B, Nair GB and Bhadra RK solely contributed to this article.

Supported by Research in the Laboratory of Das B and Nair GB is funded in part by Department of Science Technology, No. SB/FT/LS-309/2012; Government of India (GOI) and the Department of Biotechnology, No. BT/MB/THSTI/HMC-SFC/2011; Research in the Laboratory of Bhadra RK is partly financially supported by Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, GOI and Indian Council of Medical Research, GOI

Correspondence to: Rupak K Bhadra, MSc, PhD, FAScT, Senior Principal Scientist, Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India. rupakbhadra@iicb.res.in

Telephone: +91-33-24995840 Fax: +91-33-24735197

Received: December 26, 2013
Revised: April 10, 2014
Accepted: May 13, 2014
Published online: May 27, 2014

Core Tip

Core tip: Integrative mobile genetic element (IMGE) like prophage, plasmid, transposon or genomic island plays crucial roles in the evolution of bacterial pathogens. The Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae) genome harbors several such IMGEs, which provides virulence, antibiotic resistance and other fitness traits to cholera pathogen and directly contributes in its evolution. Cholera toxin encoding phage (CTXΦ) is a well characterized IMGE, found integrated in the dimer resolution sites of all epidemic V. cholerae strains and exploits host encoded XerC and XerD recombinases for its lysogenic conversion. In this review we discussed about integration and dissemination of CTXΦ and related IMGEs of V. cholerae.