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1
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Wu X, Qi T, Zhang M, Bi J. A rare case report of Prevotella lung abscess diagnosed using third-generation metagenomic sequencing. J Int Med Res 2024; 52:3000605241271757. [PMID: 39324179 PMCID: PMC11452885 DOI: 10.1177/03000605241271757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The Prevotella genus consists of obligate anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria that are symbiotic with the oral, intestinal, and vaginal mucosa. While several species of Prevotella have been implicated in pulmonary infections, identification of Prevotella as the causative agent of lung abscess is uncommon because of the requirement for stringent anaerobic culture conditions. In this report, we highlight a case of lung abscess caused by Prevotella salivae and Prevotella veroralis, underscoring the importance of third-generation metagenomic sequencing using devices from Oxford Nanopore Technologies for the precise diagnosis of specific pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Wu
- Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianqi Qi
- Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | - Junfang Bi
- Department of Combined Traditional Chinese Medicine and West Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang, China
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2
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Kumar R, Patel R, Priyadarshi RN, Narayan R, Maji T, Anand U, Soni JR. Amebic liver abscess: An update. World J Hepatol 2024; 16:316-330. [PMID: 38577528 PMCID: PMC10989314 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i3.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Amebic liver abscess (ALA) is still a common problem in the tropical world, where it affects over three-quarters of patients with liver abscess. It is caused by an anaerobic protozoan Entamoeba hystolytica, which primarily colonises the cecum. It is a non-suppurative infection of the liver consisting primarily of dead hepatocytes and cellular debris. People of the male gender, during their reproductive years, are most prone to ALA, and this appears to be due to a poorly mounted immune response linked to serum testosterone levels. ALA is more common in the right lobe of the liver, is strongly associated with alcohol consumption, and can heal without the need for drainage. While majority of ALA patients have an uncomplicated course, a number of complications have been described, including rupture into abdomino-thoracic structures, biliary fistula, vascular thrombosis, bilio-vascular compression, and secondary bacterial infection. Based on clinico-radiological findings, a classification system for ALA has emerged recently, which can assist clinicians in making treatment decisions. Recent research has revealed the role of venous thrombosis-related ischemia in the severity of ALA. Recent years have seen the development and refinement of newer molecular diagnostic techniques that can greatly aid in overcoming the diagnostic challenge in endemic area where serology-based tests have limited accuracy. Metronidazole has been the drug of choice for ALA patients for many years. However, concerns over the resistance and adverse effects necessitate the creation of new, safe, and potent antiamebic medications. Although the indication of the drainage of uncomplicated ALA has become more clear, high-quality randomised trials are still necessary for robust conclusions. Percutaneous drainage appears to be a viable option for patients with ruptured ALA and diffuse peritonitis, for whom surgery represents a significant risk of mortality. With regard to all of the aforementioned issues, this article intends to present an updated review of ALA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 801507, India.
| | - Rishabh Patel
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 801507, India
| | | | - Ruchika Narayan
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 801507, India
| | - Tanmoy Maji
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 801507, India
| | - Utpal Anand
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 801507, India
| | - Jinit R Soni
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 801507, India
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3
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Dubreuil LJ. Fifty years devoted to anaerobes: historical, lessons, and highlights. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 43:1-15. [PMID: 37973693 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-023-04708-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Renew interest and enthusiasm for anaerobes stem from both technological improvements (culture media, production of an adequate anaerobic atmosphere, identification methods) and greater awareness on the part of clinicians. Anaerobic infections were historically treated empirically, targeting the species known to be involved in each type of infection. Prevotella, fusobacteria, and Gram-positive cocci (GPAC) were considered responsible for infections above the diaphragm whereas for intra-abdominal infections, Bacteroides of the fragilis group (BFG), GPAC and clostridia were predominantly implicated. The antibiotic susceptibility of anaerobes was only taken into consideration by the clinician in the event of treatment failure or when faced with infections by multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR). The evolution of antibiotic resistance together with clinical failures due to the absence of detection of hetero-resistant clones has resulted in a greater need for accessible antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) and disc diffusion method. Improved isolation and identification of anaerobes, along with the availability of accessible and robust methods for performing AST, will ensure that treatment, whether empirical or guided by an antibiogram, will lead to better outcomes for anaerobic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc J Dubreuil
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lille, Lille, France.
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4
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Gager Y, Koppe J, Vogl I, Gabert J, Jentsch H. Antibiotic resistance genes in the subgingival microbiome and implications for periodontitis therapy. J Periodontol 2023; 94:1295-1301. [PMID: 37254939 DOI: 10.1002/jper.22-0696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotic resistance is emerging as a global public threat. However, it remains poorly investigated in the context of periodontal therapy. The aim of the study was to investigate the complete diversity of antibiotic resistance genes in a German population. METHODS Thirty-nine volunteers with periodontitis contributed to the present study with one to four periodontal pockets for a total of 124 subgingival samples. Samples were analyzed using shotgun metagenomics. RESULTS A total of 19 antibiotic resistance genes from six antibiotic classes were detected in subgingival biofilm. Two thirds of the volunteers (n = 26/39) showed antibiotic resistance genes for at least one of the antibiotic classes used for periodontal treatment in dental practice or research: beta-lactam, lincosamide, macrolide, nitroimidazole, and tetracycline. Macrolide was the most abundant class detected (21/39 patients). CONCLUSIONS Findings from our study suggest a high prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in periodontal pockets from German volunteers. We recommend the development and broader use of molecular diagnostic tests for antibiotic resistance in dental practice to ensure treatment success and to minimize antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Gager
- ParoX GmbH, Deutscher Platz 5, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jonas Koppe
- Centre for Periodontology, Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ina Vogl
- ParoX GmbH, Deutscher Platz 5, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörg Gabert
- ParoX GmbH, Deutscher Platz 5, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Jentsch
- Centre for Periodontology, Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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5
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Singh A, Banerjee T, Shukla SK, Upadhyay S, Verma A. Creep in nitroimidazole inhibitory concentration among the Entamoeba histolytica isolates causing amoebic liver abscess and screening of andrographolide as a repurposing drug. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12192. [PMID: 37500681 PMCID: PMC10374660 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39382-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections by Entamoeba histolytica (E. histolytica) lead to considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide and treatment is reliant on a single class of drugs, nitroimidazoles. Treatment failures and intermittent reports of relapse from different parts of world indicate towards development of clinical drug resistance. In the present study, susceptibility testing of clinical isolates of E. histolytica was carried against metronidazole and tinidazole. Additionally, anti-amoebic property of active compounds of Andrographis paniculata was also evaluated. Prevalence of metronidazole resistance gene (nim) in patients attending hospital was also done to get comprehensive insight of present situation of drug resistance in E. histolytica. Mean inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) value of E. histolytica isolates against metronidazole and tinidazole was 20.01 and 16.1 µM respectively. Andrographolide showed minimum mean IC50 value (3.06 µM). Significant percentage inhibition of E. histolytica isolates by andrographolide was seen as compared to metronidazole (p = 0.0495). None of E. histolytica isolates showed presence of nim gene. However, in stool samples from hospital attending population, prevalence of nimE gene was found to be 76.6% (69/90) and 62.2% (56/90) in diarrheal and non-diarrheal samples respectively. Inhibitory concentration of commonly used nitroimidazoles against clinical isolates of E. histolytica are on rise. Percentage inhibition of E. histolytica isolates by andrographolide was significantly higher than control drug metronidazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aradhana Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Tuhina Banerjee
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
| | - Sunit Kumar Shukla
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Soumya Upadhyay
- Department of Life Sciences, Banasthali Vidyapeeth, Jaipur, 302001, India
| | - Ashish Verma
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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6
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Reissier S, Penven M, Guérin F, Cattoir V. Recent Trends in Antimicrobial Resistance among Anaerobic Clinical Isolates. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1474. [PMID: 37374976 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic bacteria are normal inhabitants of the human commensal microbiota and play an important role in various human infections. Tedious and time-consuming, antibiotic susceptibility testing is not routinely performed in all clinical microbiology laboratories, despite the increase in antibiotic resistance among clinically relevant anaerobes since the 1990s. β-lactam and metronidazole are the key molecules in the management of anaerobic infections, to the detriment of clindamycin. β-lactam resistance is usually mediated by the production of β-lactamases. Metronidazole resistance remains uncommon, complex, and not fully elucidated, while metronidazole inactivation appears to be a key mechanism. The use of clindamycin, a broad-spectrum anti-anaerobic agent, is becoming problematic due to the increase in resistance rate in all anaerobic bacteria, mainly mediated by Erm-type rRNA methylases. Second-line anti-anaerobes are fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, and linezolid. This review aims to describe the up-to-date evolution of antibiotic resistance, give an overview, and understand the main mechanisms of resistance in a wide range of anaerobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Reissier
- Rennes University Hospital, Department of Clinical Microbiology, F-35033 Rennes, France
- UMR_S1230 BRM, Inserm, University of Rennes, F-35043 Rennes, France
| | - Malo Penven
- Rennes University Hospital, Department of Clinical Microbiology, F-35033 Rennes, France
- UMR_S1230 BRM, Inserm, University of Rennes, F-35043 Rennes, France
| | - François Guérin
- Rennes University Hospital, Department of Clinical Microbiology, F-35033 Rennes, France
- UMR_S1230 BRM, Inserm, University of Rennes, F-35043 Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Cattoir
- Rennes University Hospital, Department of Clinical Microbiology, F-35033 Rennes, France
- UMR_S1230 BRM, Inserm, University of Rennes, F-35043 Rennes, France
- CHU de Rennes, Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène Hospitalière, 2 Rue Henri Le Guilloux, CEDEX 9, F-35033 Rennes, France
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7
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Domingues P, Furtado T, Valério P, Matias J, Cunha L. Under-Recognized Pathogens in Peritoneal Dialysis Associated-Peritonitis: The Importance of Early Detection. Cureus 2023; 15:e35445. [PMID: 36994281 PMCID: PMC10041938 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis-associated-peritonitis remains a major concern, increasing patient morbidity and mortality. Empirical antibiotics should be quickly started to allow a rapid resolution of symptoms and preservation of the peritoneal membrane. We report a case of peritoneal dialysis-associated-peritonitis due to Prevotella salivae and Corynebacterium jeikeium, in a 51-year-old male. Suspected peritonitis led to an immediate prescription of vancomycin and ceftazidime, with no clinical improvement. Prevotella is difficult to identify in culture since it's a gram-negative anaerobic bacterium, so metronidazole administration was delayed over days. New diagnostic techniques have been explored for the early diagnosis of peritonitis, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for bacterial DNA fragments. A multiplex PCR panel that includes Prevotella, already available for other applications, could be an advantage in cases like this.
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8
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Castillo Y, Delgadillo NA, Neuta Y, Hernández A, Acevedo T, Cárdenas E, Montaño A, Lafaurie GI, Castillo DM. Antibiotic Susceptibility and Resistance Genes in Oral Clinical Isolates of Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, and Prevotella melaninogenica. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11070888. [PMID: 35884141 PMCID: PMC9312306 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Prevotella genus is a normal constituent of the oral microbiota, and is commonly isolated from mechanically treated polymicrobial infections. However, antibiotic treatment is necessary for some patients. This study compared the antibiotic susceptibility and the presence of resistance genes in clinical oral isolates of P. intermedia, P. nigrescens, and P. melaninogenica. Antibiotic susceptibility was assessed using the agar dilution method. PCR confirmed the species and resistance gene frequency in the Prevotella species. The frequencies of species P. intermedia, P. nigrescens, and P. melaninogenica were 30.2%, 45.7%, and 24.1%, respectively. No isolates of P. intermedia were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, tetracycline, or clindamycin. P. nigrescens and P. melaninogenica were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and tetracycline at frequencies of 40% and 20%, respectively. P. intermedia was resistant to metronidazole at a frequency of 30%, P. nigrescens at 20%, and P. melaninogenica at 40%. P. nigrescens and P. melaninogenica were resistant to 50% and 10% clindamycin, respectively. The gene most frequently detected was tetQ, at 43.3%, followed by tetM at 36.6%, blaTEM at 26.6%, ermF at 20%, cfxA, cfxA2, and nimAB at 16.6%, and nimAEFI at 3.3%. P. nigrescens was the species with the highest resistance to antibiotics such as amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, amoxicillin, and clindamycin, in addition to being the species with the largest number of genes compared to P. intermedia and P. melaninogenica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yormaris Castillo
- Unidad de Investigación Básica Oral-UIBO, Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad El Bosque, 110121 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nathaly Andrea Delgadillo
- Unidad de Investigación Básica Oral-UIBO, Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad El Bosque, 110121 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Yineth Neuta
- Unidad de Investigación Básica Oral-UIBO, Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad El Bosque, 110121 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Andrés Hernández
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad El Bosque, 110121 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Tania Acevedo
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad El Bosque, 110121 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Edwin Cárdenas
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad El Bosque, 110121 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Andrea Montaño
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad El Bosque, 110121 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Gloria Inés Lafaurie
- Unidad de Investigación Básica Oral-UIBO, Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad El Bosque, 110121 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diana Marcela Castillo
- Unidad de Investigación Básica Oral-UIBO, Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad El Bosque, 110121 Bogotá, Colombia
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9
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Jie Z, Chen C, Hao L, Li F, Song L, Zhang X, Zhu J, Tian L, Tong X, Cai K, Zhang Z, Ju Y, Yu X, Li Y, Zhou H, Lu H, Qiu X, Li Q, Liao Y, Zhou D, Lian H, Zuo Y, Chen X, Rao W, Ren Y, Wang Y, Zi J, Wang R, Liu N, Wu J, Zhang W, Liu X, Zong Y, Liu W, Xiao L, Hou Y, Xu X, Yang H, Wang J, Kristiansen K, Jia H. Life History Recorded in the Vagino-cervical Microbiome Along with Multi-omes. GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2022; 20:304-321. [PMID: 34118463 PMCID: PMC9684086 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The vagina contains at least a billion microbial cells, dominated by lactobacilli. Here we perform metagenomic shotgun sequencing on cervical and fecal samples from a cohort of 516 Chinese women of reproductive age, as well as cervical, fecal, and salivary samples from a second cohort of 632 women. Factors such as pregnancyhistory, delivery history, cesarean section, and breastfeeding were all more important than menstrual cycle in shaping the microbiome, and such information would be necessary before trying to interpret differences between vagino-cervical microbiome data. Greater proportion of Bifidobacterium breve was seen with older age at sexual debut. The relative abundance of lactobacilli especially Lactobacillus crispatus was negatively associated with pregnancy history. Potential markers for lack of menstrual regularity, heavy flow, dysmenorrhea, and contraceptives were also identified. Lactobacilli were rare during breastfeeding or post-menopause. Other features such as mood fluctuations and facial speckles could potentially be predicted from the vagino-cervical microbiome. Gut and salivary microbiomes, plasma vitamins, metals, amino acids, and hormones showed associations with the vagino-cervical microbiome. Our results offer an unprecedented glimpse into the microbiota of the female reproductive tract and call for international collaborations to better understand its long-term health impact other than in the settings of infection or pre-term birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuye Jie
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Human Commensal Microorganisms and Health Research, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China,Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Chen Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Human Commensal Microorganisms and Health Research, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China,Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark,Corresponding authors.
| | - Lilan Hao
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Fei Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Liju Song
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | | | - Jie Zhu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Liu Tian
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Xin Tong
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Kaiye Cai
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China,Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Detection and Intervention of Human Intestinal Microbiome, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Yanmei Ju
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China,BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Xinlei Yu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Ying Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Hongcheng Zhou
- China National Genebank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Haorong Lu
- China National Genebank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | | | - Qiang Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | | | | | - Heng Lian
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Yong Zuo
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | | | | | - Yan Ren
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Jin Zi
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Rong Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Na Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | | | - Wei Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Yang Zong
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | | | - Liang Xiao
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China,Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Detection and Intervention of Human Intestinal Microbiome, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China,BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Yong Hou
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China,James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China,James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China,Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark,BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Huijue Jia
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Human Commensal Microorganisms and Health Research, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China,Corresponding authors.
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10
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Webb KA, Olagoke O, Baird T, Neill J, Pham A, Wells TJ, Ramsay KA, Bell SC, Sarovich DS, Price EP. Genomic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of Prevotella species isolated from chronic lung disease airways. Microb Genom 2022; 8. [PMID: 35113778 PMCID: PMC8942031 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are characterized by increasingly frequent acute pulmonary exacerbations that reduce life quality and length. Human airways are home to a rich polymicrobial environment, which includes members of the obligately anaerobic genus Prevotella. Despite their commonness, surprisingly little is known about the prevalence, role, genomic diversity and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) potential of Prevotella species and strains in healthy and diseased airways. Here, we used comparative genomics to develop a real-time PCR assay to permit rapid Prevotella species identification and quantification from cultures and clinical specimens. Assay specificity was validated across a panel of Prevotella and non-Prevotella species, followed by PCR screening of CF and COPD respiratory-derived cultures. Next, 35 PCR-positive isolates were subjected to whole-genome sequencing. Of eight identified Prevotella species, P. histicola, P. melaninogenica, P. nanceiensis, P. salivae and P. denticola overlapped between participant cohorts. Phylogenomic analysis revealed considerable interhost but limited intrahost diversity, suggesting patient-specific lineages in the lower airways, probably from oral cavity aspirations. Correlation of phenotypic AMR profiles with AMR genes identified excellent correlation between tetQ presence and decreased doxycycline susceptibility, and ermF presence and decreased azithromycin susceptibility and clindamycin resistance. AMR rates were higher in the CF isolates, reflecting greater antibiotic use in this cohort. All tested Prevotella isolates were tobramycin-resistant, providing a potential selection method to improve Prevotella culture retrieval rates. Our addition of 35 airway-derived Prevotella genomes to public databases will enhance ongoing efforts to unravel the role of this diverse and enigmatic genus in both diseased and healthy lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey A Webb
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia.,Sunshine Coast Health Institute, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Olusola Olagoke
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia.,Sunshine Coast Health Institute, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Timothy Baird
- Sunshine Coast Health Institute, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia.,Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service, Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jane Neill
- Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service, Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amy Pham
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Timothy J Wells
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kay A Ramsay
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,Present address: Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Centre for Children's Health Research, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Scott C Bell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Queensland, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Derek S Sarovich
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia.,Sunshine Coast Health Institute, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Erin P Price
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia.,Sunshine Coast Health Institute, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
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Kau S, Mansfeld MD, Šoba A, Zwick T, Staszyk C. The facultative human oral pathogen Prevotella histicola in equine cheek tooth apical/ periapical infection: a case report. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:343. [PMID: 34717609 PMCID: PMC8556951 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03048-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevotella histicola is a facultative oral pathogen that under certain conditions causes pathologies such as caries and periodontitis in humans. Prevotella spp. also colonize the oral cavity of horses and can cause disease, but P. histicola has not yet been identified. CASE PRESENTATION A 12-year-old Tinker mare was referred to the clinic for persistent, malodorous purulent nasal discharge and quidding. Conservative antibiotic (penicillin), antiphlogistic (meloxicam), and mucolytic (dembrexine-hydrochloride) treatment prior to referral was unsuccessful and symptoms worsened. Oral examination, radiography, sino-/ rhinoscopy, and standing computed tomography revealed severe apical/ periapical infection of the upper cheek tooth 209 with accompanying unilateral sinonasal inflammation and conchal necrosis. The tooth exhibited extensive subocclusal mesial infundibular cemental hypoplasia and caries, and an occlusal fissure fracture. After mechanical debridement and thermoplastic resin filling of the spacious subocclusal carious infundibular lesion, the tooth was extracted intraorally. The sinusitis and conchal necrosis were treated transendoscopically. Selective bacteriological swab cultures of affected tooth roots and subsequent matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry showed an infection with the obligate anaerobic, Gram-negative bacterium P. histicola. Surgical intervention and adapted antibiotic therapy led to normal healing without complications. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first documented case of dental infection in a horse caused by P. histicola at once indicating necessity of more sufficient microbiological diagnostics and targeted antibiotic treatment in equine dental practice. This finding is also conducive to understand species-specific Prevotella diversity and cross-species distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Kau
- Institute of Morphology, Working Group Anatomy, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | | | | | - Timo Zwick
- Department of Equine Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Veterinary Clinic Gessertshausen, Gessertshausen, Germany
| | - Carsten Staszyk
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Chen PC, Li PC, Ding DC. Pelvic inflammatory disease and causative pathogens in older women in a medical center in eastern Taiwan: A retrospective cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257627. [PMID: 34543349 PMCID: PMC8452037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Most research into the management of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is in younger women and focuses on sexually transmitted pathogens such as N. gonorrhoeae or C. trachomatis. Non-sexually transmitted bacterial pathogens and PID in older women are rarely examined. The objective of this study is to explore cervical culture pathogens in women of different age groups in a medical center in eastern Taiwan. METHODS We enrolled patients whose medical records were diagnosed with PID (ICD-9-CM 614.0 [N70.01-03], 614.1[N70.11-13], 614.9 [N73.5, N73.9]) at our hospital from October 2014 to March 2020. Patients were divided into three groups according to age: the age <25 years, age 25-44 years, and the ≥ 45 years group. Chi-square test, ANOVA and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. In subgroup analysis, endocervical pathogens were further stratified into vaginal, respiratory, enteric, skin, oral, and other. RESULTS A total of 96 patients were included in the study. There were 31 patients in the age ≥ 45 years group, 52 patients in the age 25-44 years group, and 13 patients in the age <25 years group. Vagina and enteric pathogens were the most common pathogens among all groups. The isolated respiratory and other pathogens were more in the age ≥ 45 years group than in the other two groups. Prevotella bivia was more common in the age <25 years and 25-44 years groups. CONCLUSIONS This may be due to different pathogeneses of PID in the age ≥ 45 years patients. Our study can be used as a reference for antibiotic choice of non-sexually transmitted PID and to prevent long-term sequelae of PID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chen Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chen Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Dah-Ching Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Chen LY, Harnod T, Chang YH, Chen H, Ding DC. The Combination of Clindamycin and Gentamicin Is Adequate for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:4145. [PMID: 34575253 PMCID: PMC8469133 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10184145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) affects 4.4% of women aged 18-44 in the United States, and may cause infertility if it is ineffectively treated. A combination of clindamycin and gentamicin is generally used for the treatment of PID. The benefit of adding metronidazole into the treatment combination still remains unclear, and this study was designed to evaluate its effectiveness. We retrospectively included 107 women who were diagnosed with PID from May 2013 to September 2020 in a single hospital. Based on their used antibiotic regimens, the patients were divided into three groups-those who were treated with clindamycin + gentamicin (group 1, n = 46), those who took regular antibiotics plus metronidazole (group 2, n = 27), and others (group 3, n = 34). Primary outcomes included the rates of taking surgery after failed antibiotics, occurrence/rupture of tubo-ovarian abscesses, and readmission within the following 6 months of first treatment. Secondary outcomes to assess were the length of stay (LOS) and expenditure for PID. There were no significant differences in the surgical rates, readmission rates, LOS and expenditure noted between the three groups. Subgroup analysis showed that visual analogue pain scores being 5 or more would increase the LOS by 3.83 days (p < 0.001), and body temperature > 38.3 °C or more would increase the treatment total expenditure (p < 0.001). Our study results suggest that the combination of clindamycin + gentamicin is a convincible treatment protocol for PID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yeh Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (L.-Y.C.); (H.C.)
| | - Tomor Harnod
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Hsun Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
| | - Hsuan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (L.-Y.C.); (H.C.)
| | - Dah-Ching Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (L.-Y.C.); (H.C.)
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
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Baaity Z, Jamal W, Rotimi VO, Burián K, Leitsch D, Somogyvári F, Nagy E, Sóki J. Molecular characterization of metronidazole resistant Bacteroides strains from Kuwait. Anaerobe 2021; 69:102357. [PMID: 33713801 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Eleven metronidazole resistant Bacteroides and one newly classified Phocaeicola dorei strain from Kuwait were investigated for their resistance mechanisms and the emergence of their resistant plasmids. All but one strain harbored nimE genes on differently sized plasmids. Of the 11 nimE genes, 9 were preceded by full copies of the prototype ISBf6 insertion sequence element, one carried a truncated ISBf6 and one was activated by an additional copy of IS612B. Nucleotide sequencing results showed that the nimE ISBf6 distances were constant and all five different plasmids shared a common region, suggesting that (i) the nimE-ISBf6 configuration was inserted into an undisclosed common genetic element, (ii) over time, this common element was mutated by insertions and deletions, spreading the resultant plasmids. Of the 10 B. fragilis strains in this collection, 6 were also cfiA-positive, one with full imipenem resistance, indicating a tendency for multidrug resistance (MDR) among such isolates. The significant number of metronidazole resistant Bacteroides spp. and P. dorei strains with the MDR phenotype warns of difficulties in treatment and suggests promoting adherence to antibiotic stewardship recommendations in Kuwait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zain Baaity
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Wafaa Jamal
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kuwait, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Vincent O Rotimi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kuwait, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Katalin Burián
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - David Leitsch
- Institute for Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ferenc Somogyvári
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Elisabeth Nagy
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - József Sóki
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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Liu YK, Chen V, He JZ, Zheng X, Xu X, Zhou XD. A salivary microbiome-based auxiliary diagnostic model for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 126:105118. [PMID: 33930650 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies have shown that oral microbiota composition is altered in type 2 diabetes mellitus, implying that it is a potential biomarker for diabetes. This study aimed at constructing a noninvasive auxiliary diagnostic model for diabetes based on differences in the salivary microbial community. DESIGN Salivary microbiota from 24 treatment-naive type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and 21 healthy populations were detected through 16S rRNA gene sequencing, targeting the V3/V4 region using the MiSeq platform. Salivary microbiome diversity and composition were analyzed so as to establish a diagnostic model for type 2 diabetes. RESULTS Salivary microbiome for treatment-naive type 2 diabetes mellitus patients was imbalanced with certain taxa, including Slackia, Mitsuokella, Abiotrophia, and Parascardovia that being significantly dominant, while the abundance of Moraxella was high in healthy controls. Diabetic patients exhibited varying levels of Prevotella nanceiensis and Prevotella melaninogenica which were negatively correlated with glycosylated hemoglobin and fasting blood glucose levels, as well as fasting blood glucose levels, respectively. Based on differences in salivary microbiome composition between diabetic and healthy groups, we developed a diagnostic model that can be used for the auxiliary diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus with an accuracy of 80 %. CONCLUSIONS These findings elucidate on the differences in salivary microbiome compositions between type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic populations, and the diagnostic model provides a promising approach for the noninvasive auxiliary diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Kun Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan, China
| | - Vivian Chen
- UCSF School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jin-Zhi He
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue-Dong Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan, China.
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Singh A, Banerjee T, Shukla SK. Factors Associated with High Rates of Recurrence of Amebic Liver Abscess (ALA) in North India. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 104:1383-1387. [PMID: 33432901 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrence of amebic liver abscess (ALA), once considered unusual, is increasingly being reported, despite proper management. Realizing the endemicity of ALA in the study setup, this 2-year follow-up study was conducted to investigate the recurrent cases and study the associated factors. A total of 101 confirmed cases of ALA were followed up for a period of 2 years. Recurrent cases were studied for associated bacterial flora, presence of resistance genes (nim), level of matrix metalloproteinase 3 and MMP-9, and genotypes of Entamoeba histolytica and statistically compared with the nonrecurrent cases as controls. Recurrence rates of 8.9% (nine patients) were detected. The presence of Prevotella along with an increased level of MMP-9 in abscess fluid and large size of abscesses (11 × 10.8 cm) was found to be significantly associated with recurrence in ALA. Among the nine cases, the presence of nimE gene was detected in two (22.2%) patients. The genotyping of E. histolytica strains showed that in seven (77.7%) cases, the genotype of E. histolytica was the same in the primary and recurrent samples. This study reports a high rate of recurrence in the cases of ALA, hinting toward the gradual development of clinical resistance toward the commonly used drug. The presence of nim gene and Prevotella in abscess fluid along with increased MMP-9 levels and large abscess size could be important predictors of recurrent ALA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aradhana Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Tuhina Banerjee
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sunit Kumar Shukla
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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A Rare Paronychia with Superinfection with Prevotella bivia and Staphylococcus haemolyticus: The Importance of Early Microbiological Diagnosis. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9120999. [PMID: 33260325 PMCID: PMC7761197 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9120999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevotella bivia is an anaerobic, gram-negative bacillus which naturally thrives in the human vagina, and is usually related to vaginal tract infections. However, this microorganism can also cause infections in other body locations. Infections with Prevotella bivia are frequently severe due to the risk of osteomyelitis and the lack of good protocols for adequate therapeutic management. Staphylococcus haemolyticus infection is one of the most frequent etiological factors of nosocomial infections, which hasthe ability to acquire multiple resistance against antimicrobial agents. We report a rare case of foot and hand paronychia with superinfection of Prevotella bivia and Staphylococcus haemolyticus. We highlight the importance of early microbiological diagnosis, and proper therapeutic management to avoid the risk of complications and the development of bacterial resistance to antibiotics.
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18
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Samantaray S, Biswas R, Sasidharan GM. Intracranial abscess due to Prevotella bivia: First case report from India. Anaerobe 2020; 65:102249. [PMID: 32768495 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The association of Prevotella bivia (P. bivia), a Gram negative obligate anaerobic bacillus with brain abscess has been rarely reported. We hereby, report a case of brain abscess in a 50-year-old man, who suffered a head trauma followed by decompression surgery 10 months ago. Aspirated pus sample grew Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and P. bivia sensitive to metronidazole. The patient recovered well after a brain abscess evacuation surgery and post-operative metronidazole therapy, confirming the pathogenic role of P. bivia in this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashree Samantaray
- Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, 605006, India
| | - Rakhi Biswas
- Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, 605006, India.
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Veloo ACM, Tokman HB, Jean-Pierre H, Dumont Y, Jeverica S, Lienhard R, Novak A, Rodloff A, Rotimi V, Wybo I, Nagy E. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of anaerobic bacteria, isolated from human clinical specimens, within different European and surrounding countries. A joint ESGAI study. Anaerobe 2019; 61:102111. [PMID: 31634565 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2019.102111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies on the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of anaerobic bacteria are underrepresented in the literature. Within this study we aim to give an extensive overview of the differences in antimicrobial susceptibility profiles between different European and surrounding countries. METHODS Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) data of different antibiotics were collected from 10 participating laboratories, representing an equal number of countries. All MIC's were determined using Etest, according to the protocol used by the participating laboratory. Anaerobic genera represented by at least 10 clinical isolates were included in the study. RESULTS Each country tested different antibiotics, sometimes depending on the kind of infection and/or the anaerobic species isolated. All countries tested clindamycin and metronidazole. Resistance rates differed remarkably between the different countries. Especially in Kuwait, resistance was high for all tested antibiotics. Unexpected metronidazole resistance was observed for Finegoldia magna isolates, Peptoniphilus isolates and Eggerthella lenta isolates. CONCLUSIONS Due to the extensive differences in antimicrobial susceptibility profile of anaerobic bacteria isolated within different countries, we strongly recommend to perform this kind of study on a regular basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C M Veloo
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - H Bahar Tokman
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - H Jean-Pierre
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Y Dumont
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - S Jeverica
- Institute for Microbiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - R Lienhard
- Analyses et Diagnostics Médicaux (ADMed) Microbiologie, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland
| | - A Novak
- University Hospital Center of Split, University of Split, School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - A Rodloff
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - V Rotimi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - I Wybo
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Nagy
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Veloo ACM, Chlebowicz M, Winter HLJ, Bathoorn D, Rossen JWA. Three metronidazole-resistant Prevotella bivia strains harbour a mobile element, encoding a novel nim gene, nimK, and an efflux small MDR transporter. J Antimicrob Chemother 2019; 73:2687-2690. [PMID: 29982676 PMCID: PMC6148209 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dky236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives In this study we assess the antibiotic resistance genes in three metronidazole-resistant Prevotella bivia clinical isolates. Methods Strains were whole-genome sequenced. De novo assembly was performed and genes were annotated in RAST. Manual adjustments were made, when required, to the annotation and length of the genes. Results In all three strains a novel nim gene, nimK, was encountered located on a mobile genetic element (MGE). The nimK gene was associated with an IS1380 family transposase. On the same MGE, genes encoding an efflux small MDR (SMR) transporter were present and were associated with a crp/fnr regulator. Conclusions This is the first description of the presence of a novel nim gene in metronidazole-resistant P. bivia clinical isolates. This gene is co-located with an efflux SMR transporter on an MGE, which has been named Tn6456 (MG827401). The identification of these resistance genes on an MGE is worrisome, since this indicates the horizontal gene transfer of antibiotic and/or biocide resistance from one strain to the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C M Veloo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Chlebowicz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H L J Winter
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - D Bathoorn
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J W A Rossen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Cobo F, Rodríguez-Granger J, Pérez-Zapata I, Sampedro A, Aliaga L, Navarro-Marí JM. Antimicrobial susceptibility and clinical findings of significant anaerobic bacteria in southern Spain. Anaerobe 2019; 59:49-53. [PMID: 31103531 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to report on the antimicrobial susceptibility of 276 clinically significant anaerobic bacteria belonging to the major genera isolated between May 2017 and November 2018 in a tertiary hospital in Granada (Spain) and to describe key clinical features of the patients. Species identification was performed by MALDI-TOF MS. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed against penicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic, imipenem, meropenem, moxifloxacin, clindamycin, metronidazole, vancomycin, and piperacillin-tazobactam using the gradient diffusion technique and EUCAST breakpoints (except for moxifloxacin). The most frequent anaerobes were Bacteroides (29.7%; n = 82), Clostridioides difficile (15.9%, n = 44), Prevotella (10.8%, n = 30), and Propionibacterium (10.7%, n = 25). Metronidazole was not universally active against all genera tested, and some isolates showed resistance to this drug. Almost all tested anaerobes were susceptible to carbapenems and amoxicillin-clavulanate except for Clostridioides difficile (resistance rate of 94%) and Bacteroides (19%), respectively. High overall resistance rates to clindamycin were observed, especially for genera Finegoldia (54%), Bacteroides (49%), and Prevotella (40%). Resistance rates to carbapenems and amoxicillin-clavulanate were very low for the majority of tested genera but were high for Clostridioides difficile and Bacteroides spp., respectively. Resistance to clindamycin was very high, especially for Bacteroides, Finegoldia magna, Prevotella and Peptoniphilus. Routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing for anaerobes contributes information on the global situation and allows empirical therapies to be selected in accordance with local data on resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Cobo
- Department of Microbiology and Instituto Biosanitario, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospita, Granada, Spain.
| | - Javier Rodríguez-Granger
- Department of Microbiology and Instituto Biosanitario, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospita, Granada, Spain
| | - Inés Pérez-Zapata
- Department of Microbiology and Instituto Biosanitario, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospita, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Sampedro
- Department of Microbiology and Instituto Biosanitario, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospita, Granada, Spain
| | - Luis Aliaga
- Department of Medicine (University of Granada), Granada, Spain
| | - José María Navarro-Marí
- Department of Microbiology and Instituto Biosanitario, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospita, Granada, Spain
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Niestępski S, Harnisz M, Korzeniewska E, Aguilera-Arreola MG, Contreras-Rodríguez A, Filipkowska Z, Osińska A. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance in environmental strains of the Bacteroides fragilis group. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 124:408-419. [PMID: 30682596 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic bacteria of the genus Bacteroides are a large group of commensal microorganisms that colonize the human and animal digestive tract. The genus Bacteroides and the closely related genus Parabacteroides include the Bacteroides fragilis group (BFG) of potentially pathogenic bacteria which are frequently isolated from patients with anaerobic infections. The aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial resistance of environmental strains of the Bacteroides fragilis group. Strains were isolated from human feces, hospital wastewater, influent (UWW) and effluent (TWW) wastewater from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), and from the feces of lab rats as a negative control to monitor the entire route of transmission of BFG strains from humans to the environment. The resistance of 123 environmental BFG strains to six antibiotic groups was analyzed with the use of culture-dependent methods. Additionally, the presence of 25 genes encoding antibiotic resistance was determined by PCR. The analyzed environmental BFG strains were highly resistant to the tested antibiotics. The percentage of resistant strains differed between the analyzed antibiotics and was determined at 97.56% for ciprofloxacin, 49.59% for erythromycin, 44.71% for ampicillin, 35.77% for tetracycline, 32.52% for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, 26.83% for chloramphenicol, 26.01% for clindamycin, 11.38% for moxifloxacin, and 8.94% for metronidazole. The highest drug-resistance levels were observed in the strains isolated from UWW and TWW samples. The mechanisms of antibiotic-resistance were determined in phenotypically resistant strains of BFG. Research has demonstrated the widespread presence of genes encoding resistance to chloramphenicol (100% of all chloramphenicol-resistant strains), tetracyclines (97.78% of all tetracycline-resistant strains), macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins (81.97% of all erythromycin-resistant strains). Genes encoding resistance to β-lactams and fluoroquinolones were less prevalent. None of the metronidazole-resistant strains harbored the gene encoding resistance to nitroimidazoles. BFG strains isolated from UWW and TWW samples were characterized by the highest diversity of antibiotic-resistance genes and were most often drug-resistant and multidrug-resistant. The present study examines the potential negative consequences of drug-resistant and multidrug-resistant BFG strains that are evacuated with treated wastewater into the environment. The transmission of these bacteria to surface water bodies can pose potential health threats for humans and animals; therefore, the quality of treated wastewater should be strictly monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Niestępski
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Monika Harnisz
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Ewa Korzeniewska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Ma Guadalupe Aguilera-Arreola
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Araceli Contreras-Rodríguez
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Zofia Filipkowska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Adriana Osińska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland.
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Dingsdag SA, Hunter N. Metronidazole: an update on metabolism, structure-cytotoxicity and resistance mechanisms. J Antimicrob Chemother 2019; 73:265-279. [PMID: 29077920 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Metronidazole, a nitroimidazole, remains a front-line choice for treatment of infections related to inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract including colitis linked to Clostridium difficile. Despite >60 years of research, the metabolism of metronidazole and associated cytotoxicity is not definitively characterized. Nitroimidazoles are prodrugs that are reductively activated (the nitro group is reduced) under low oxygen tension, leading to imidazole fragmentation and cytotoxicity. It remains unclear if nitroimidazole reduction (activation) contributes to the cytotoxicity profile, or whether subsequent fragmentation of the imidazole ring and formed metabolites alone mediate cytotoxicity. A molecular mechanism underpinning high level (>256 mg/L) bacterial resistance to metronidazole also remains elusive. Considering the widespread use of metronidazole and other nitroimidazoles, this review was undertaken to emphasize the structure-cytotoxicity profile of the numerous metabolites of metronidazole in human and murine models and to examine conflicting reports regarding metabolite-DNA interactions. An alternative hypothesis, that DNA synthesis and repair of existing DNA is indirectly inhibited by metronidazole is proposed. Prokaryotic metabolism of metronidazole is detailed to discuss new resistance mechanisms. Additionally, the review contextualizes the history and current use of metronidazole, rates of metronidazole resistance including metronidazole MDR as well as the biosynthesis of azomycin, the natural precursor of metronidazole. Changes in the gastrointestinal microbiome and the host after metronidazole administration are also reviewed. Finally, novel nitroimidazoles and new antibiotic strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon A Dingsdag
- Institute of Dental Research and Westmead Centre for Oral Health, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.,Department of Life Sciences Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Neil Hunter
- Institute of Dental Research and Westmead Centre for Oral Health, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.,Department of Life Sciences Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
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24
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Metronidazole resistance and nim genes in anaerobes: A review. Anaerobe 2019; 55:40-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Alauzet C, Aujoulat F, Lozniewski A, Marchandin H. A sequence database analysis of 5-nitroimidazole reductase and related proteins to expand knowledge on enzymes responsible for metronidazole inactivation. Anaerobe 2018; 55:29-34. [PMID: 30315962 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
nim genes are associated, in combination with other factors, with acquired resistance to metronidazole (MTZ) in anaerobes. These genes encode 5-nitroimidazole reductase enzymes (Nim proteins) that reduce MTZ into an inactive compound. Eleven variants (nimA to nimK) are currently described in anaerobes with either a chromosomal or a plasmidic location. Mostly found in members of the Bacteroides fragilis group, nim genes were demonstrated in anaerobic taxa outside the phylum Bacteroidetes. Nitroreductase enzymes, weakly related to those found in Bacteroidetes but associated with MTZ inactivation, were also characterized both in anaerobic and non-anaerobic taxa. Published data only poorly reflect the growing number of data from cultivation-independent studies and sequences deposited in databases. Considering this limitation, we performed herein an analysis of the sequence databases with the aim to increase the current knowledge on Nim protein distribution and diversity. The 250 sequences the most closely related to the 11 known Nim proteins were selected and analyzed for identity level and phylogenetic relationships with Nim A to K proteins. The analysis revealed a larger diversity of anaerobic species harboring known Nim proteins than that currently described in the literature. Putative new variants of known Nim proteins and novel Nim proteins were found. In addition, nitroreductase proteins and homologs related to the pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate oxidase family were found in highly diverse anaerobic and aerobic taxa of human but also animal and environmental origin. On the other hand, we found a very low number of sequences recovered from metagenomic studies. Considering the different databases currently available to identify antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG) among metagenomic sequences, we hypothesized that this may, at least in part, be related to the incompleteness of ARG databases because none of them includes the 11 described nim genes at the time of our study. Both the wide distribution of proteins with potential MTZ inactivation ability within the bacterial world and a wider diversity of Nim determinants than expected from published literature is underlined in this sequence database analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentine Alauzet
- Université de Lorraine, EA 7300 Stress Immunité Pathogènes SIMPA, F-54000 Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, F-54000, France
| | - Fabien Aujoulat
- HydroSciences Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Alain Lozniewski
- Université de Lorraine, EA 7300 Stress Immunité Pathogènes SIMPA, F-54000 Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, F-54000, France
| | - Hélène Marchandin
- HydroSciences Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Univ Montpellier, Département de Microbiologie, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France.
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26
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Cobo F, Calatrava E, Rodríguez-Granger J, Sampedro A, Aliaga-Martínez L, Navarro-Marí JM. A rare case of pleural effusion due to Prevotella dentalis. Anaerobe 2018; 54:144-145. [PMID: 30244150 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prevotella dentalis is a Gram-negative anaerobic rod involved in various human diseases, especially oral infections. We report a rare case of a pleural effusion due to this microorganism in an elderly patient. An 88-year-old man with chronic respiratory disease presented with a left pleural effusion for more than 1 month. Culture of drained pleural fluid resulted in isolation of P. dentalis. Resistance to penicillin and moxifloxacin was documented. Treatment with drainage and clindamycin was established, but the patient developed cognitive impairment and died after a worsening of his general condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Cobo
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.
| | - Elizabeth Calatrava
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Sampedro
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
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27
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Ghotaslou R, Bannazadeh Baghi H, Alizadeh N, Yekani M, Arbabi S, Memar MY. Mechanisms of Bacteroides fragilis resistance to metronidazole. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 64:156-163. [PMID: 29936037 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Metronidazole-resistant Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis) have been reported worldwide. Several mechanisms contribute to B. fragilis resistance to metronidazole. In some cases, the mechanisms of metronidazole resistance are unknown. Understanding the mechanisms of resistance is important for therapy, the design of new alternative drugs, and control of resistant strains. In this study, a comprehensive review of the B. fragilis resistance mechanisms to metronidazole was prepared. The rate of metronidazole-resistant B. fragilis has been reported as ranging from 0.5% to 7.8% in many surveys. According to CLSI, isolates with MICs ≥32 μg/mL are considered to be metronidazole-resistant. In the majority of cases, metronidazole resistance in B. fragilis is coupled with the existence of nim genes. Metronidazole resistance could be induced in nim-negative strains by exposure to sub-MIC levels of metronidazole. There are multi-drug efflux pumps in B. fragilis which can pump out a variety of substrates such as metronidazole. The recA overexpression and deficiency of feoAB are other reported metronidazole resistance mechanisms in this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ghotaslou
- The Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Naser Alizadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Students' Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mina Yekani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahram Arbabi
- The Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yousef Memar
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Students' Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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28
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Infected breast cyst due to Prevotella buccae resistant to metronidazole. Anaerobe 2017; 48:177-178. [PMID: 28866113 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Prevotella buccae is a Gram-negative anaerobic rod involved in some human infections. We report the first case of an infected breast cyst in a non-puerperal women due to this pathogen. A 53-year-old woman presented with pain and a cystic lesion in the right breast. Culture of abscess drainage resulted in isolation of P. buccae. High level of resistance to metronidazole was documented. Treatment with drainage and amoxicillin-clavulanate was established, and improvement of this infection was observed.
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29
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Freitas AC, Hill JE. Quantification, isolation and characterization of Bifidobacterium from the vaginal microbiomes of reproductive aged women. Anaerobe 2017; 47:145-156. [PMID: 28552417 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The vaginal microbiome plays an important role in women's reproductive health. Imbalances in this microbiota, such as the poorly defined condition of bacterial vaginosis, are associated with increased susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections and negative reproductive outcomes. Currently, a "healthy" vaginal microbiota in reproductive aged women is understood to be dominated by Lactobacillus, although "atypical" microbiomes, such as Bifidobacterium-dominated profiles, have been described. Despite these observations, vaginal bifidobacteria remain relatively poorly characterized, and questions remain regarding their actual abundance in the microbiome. In this study, we used quantitative PCR to confirm the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium in the vaginal microbiomes of healthy reproductive aged women (n = 42), previously determined by deep sequencing. We also isolated and phenotypically characterized vaginal bifidobacteria (n = 40) in the context of features thought to promote reproductive health. Most isolates were identified as B. breve or B. longum based on cpn60 barcode sequencing. Fermentation patterns of vaginal bifidobacteria did not differ substantially from corresponding type strains of gut or oral origin. Lactic acid was produced by all vaginal isolates, with B. longum strains producing the highest levels, but only 32% of isolates produced hydrogen peroxide. Most vaginal bifidobacteria were also able to tolerate high levels of lactic acid (100 mM) and low pH (4.5 or 3.9), conditions typical of vaginal fluid of healthy women. Most isolates were resistant to metronidazole but susceptible to clindamycin, the two most common antibiotics used to treat vaginal dysbiosis. These findings demonstrate that Bifidobacterium is the dominant member of some vaginal microbiomes and suggest that bifidobacteria have the potential to be as protective as lactobacilli according to the current understanding of a healthy vaginal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline C Freitas
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada.
| | - Janet E Hill
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada.
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30
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Koukos G, Konstantinidis A, Tsalikis L, Arsenakis M, Slini T, Sakellari D. Prevalence of β-lactam (bla TEM) and Metronidazole (nim) Resistance Genes in the Oral Cavity of Greek Subjects. Open Dent J 2016; 10:89-98. [PMID: 27099637 PMCID: PMC4820533 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601610010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of blaTEM and nim genes that encode resistance to β-lactams and nitroimidazoles, respectively, in the oral cavity of systemically healthy Greek subjects. Materials and Methodology: After screening 720 potentially eligible subjects, 154 subjects were recruited for the study, including 50 periodontally healthy patients, 52 cases of gingivitis and 52 cases of chronic periodontitis. The clinical parameters were assessed with an automated probe. Various samples were collected from the tongue, first molars and pockets >6mm, and analysed by polymerase chain reaction-amplification of the blaTEM and nim genes, using primers and conditions previously described in the literature. Results: There was a high rate of detection of blaTEM in plaque and tongue samples alike in all periodontal conditions (37% of plaque and 60% of tongue samples, and 71% of participants). The blaTEM gene was detected more frequently in the tongue samples of the periodontally healthy (56%) and chronic periodontitis (62%) groups compared to the plaque samples from the same groups (36% and 29%, respectively; z-test with Bonferroni corrections-tests, P<0.05). The nim gene was not detected in any of the 343 samples analysed. Conclusion: The oral cavity of Greek subjects often harbours blaTEM but not nim genes, and therefore the antimicrobial activity of β-lactams might be compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Koukos
- 251 General Air Force Hospital, Department of Periodontology, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Konstantinidis
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, Dental School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Lazaros Tsalikis
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, Dental School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Minas Arsenakis
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodora Slini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Sakellari
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, Dental School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
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Salipante SJ, Kalapila A, Pottinger PS, Hoogestraat DR, Cummings L, Duchin JS, Sengupta DJ, Pergam SA, Cookson BT, Butler-Wu SM. Characterization of a multidrug-resistant, novel Bacteroides genomospecies. Emerg Infect Dis 2015; 21:95-8. [PMID: 25529016 PMCID: PMC4285247 DOI: 10.3201/eid2101.140662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metronidazole- and carbapenem-resistant Bacteroides fragilis are rare in the United States. We isolated a multidrug-resistant anaerobe from the bloodstream and intraabdominal abscesses of a patient who had traveled to India. Whole-genome sequencing identified the organism as a novel Bacteroides genomospecies. Physicians should be aware of the possibility for concomitant carbapenem- and metronidazole-resistant Bacteroides infections.
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Intra-Genomic Heterogeneity in 16S rRNA Genes in Strictly Anaerobic Clinical Isolates from Periodontal Abscesses. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130265. [PMID: 26103050 PMCID: PMC4477887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Members of the genera Prevotella, Veillonella and Fusobacterium are the predominant culturable obligate anaerobic bacteria isolated from periodontal abscesses. When determining the cumulative number of clinical anaerobic isolates from periodontal abscesses, ambiguous or overlapping signals were frequently encountered in 16S rRNA gene sequencing chromatograms, resulting in ambiguous identifications. With the exception of the genus Veillonella, the high intra-chromosomal heterogeneity of rrs genes has not been reported. METHODS The 16S rRNA genes of 138 clinical, strictly anaerobic isolates and one reference strain were directly sequenced, and the chromatograms were carefully examined. Gene cloning was performed for 22 typical isolates with doublet sequencing signals for the 16S rRNA genes, and four copies of the rrs-ITS genes of 9 Prevotella intermedia isolates were separately amplified by PCR, sequenced and compared. Five conserved housekeeping genes, hsp60, recA, dnaJ, gyrB1 and rpoB from 89 clinical isolates of Prevotella were also amplified by PCR and sequenced for identification and phylogenetic analysis along with 18 Prevotella reference strains. RESULTS Heterogeneity of 16S rRNA genes was apparent in clinical, strictly anaerobic oral bacteria, particularly in the genera Prevotella and Veillonella. One hundred out of 138 anaerobic strains (72%) had intragenomic nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in multiple locations, and 13 strains (9.4%) had intragenomic insertions or deletions in the 16S rRNA gene. In the genera Prevotella and Veillonella, 75% (67/89) and 100% (19/19) of the strains had SNPs in the 16S rRNA gene, respectively. Gene cloning and separate amplifications of four copies of the rrs-ITS genes confirmed that 2 to 4 heterogeneous 16S rRNA copies existed. CONCLUSION Sequence alignment of five housekeeping genes revealed that intra-species nucleotide similarities were very high in the genera Prevotella, ranging from 94.3-100%. However, the inter-species similarities were relatively low, ranging from 68.7-97.9%. The housekeeping genes rpoB and gyrB1 were demonstrated to be alternative classification markers to the species level based on intra- and inter-species comparisons, whereas based on phylogenetic tree rpoB proved to be reliable phylogenetic marker for the genus Prevotella.
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Shilnikova II, Dmitrieva NV. Evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility of Bacteroides, Prevotella and Fusobacterium species isolated from patients of the N. N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia. Anaerobe 2015; 31:15-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Boyanova L, Kolarov R, Mitov I. Recent evolution of antibiotic resistance in the anaerobes as compared to previous decades. Anaerobe 2015; 31:4-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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35
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Urbán E, Horváth Z, Sóki J, Lázár G. First Hungarian case of an infection caused by multidrug-resistant Bacteroides fragilis strain. Anaerobe 2015; 31:55-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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Bancescu G, Didilescu A, Bancescu A, Bari M. Antibiotic susceptibility of 33 Prevotella strains isolated from Romanian patients with abscesses in head and neck spaces. Anaerobe 2014; 35:41-4. [PMID: 25463968 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the susceptibility of a series of 33 Prevotella strains isolated from patients with abscesses in the head and neck spaces, presented to one Romanian hospital. The Etest was applied to determine the value of the minimum inhibitory concentrations for: penicillin G, ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, metronidazole and clindamycin. In addition, the beta-lactamase activity was detected by the chromogenic cephalosporin disc method. The results indicated that 11 isolates were resistant to both penicillin G and ampicillin due to the beta-lactamase production. All the 33 Prevotella strains were susceptible to the other 3 antimicrobial agents tested, except for only one penicillin G - ampicillin resistant isolate of Prevotella buccae (MIC > 32 and MIC = 12 mg/L, respectively), which showed high resistance to clindamycin (MIC > 256 mg/L) too. Our data underline the necessity for antimicrobial testing including monitoring of beta-lactamase production in cases of oro-maxillo-facial mixed anaerobic infections where antimicrobial treatment is required in addition to the surgical drainage. The results of the study indicated that amoxicillin-clavulanate, like metronidazole, was fully active against the tested Prevotella strains. However, local and multicentre surveys on drug resistance among the clinically significant anaerobic isolates should be carried out periodically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Bancescu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Str. Dionisie Lupu 37, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Andreea Didilescu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Str. Dionisie Lupu 37, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Adrian Bancescu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Str. Dionisie Lupu 37, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Maria Bari
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Str. Dionisie Lupu 37, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.
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Xie Y, Chen J, He J, Miao X, Xu M, Wu X, Xu B, Yu L, Zhang W. Antimicrobial Resistance and Prevalence of Resistance Genes of Obligate Anaerobes Isolated From Periodontal Abscesses. J Periodontol 2014; 85:327-34. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.130081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
Susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria recovered from selected cases can influence the choice of antimicrobial therapy. The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) has standardized many laboratory procedures, including anaerobic susceptibility testing (AST), and has published documents for AST. The standardization of testing methods by the CLSI allows comparisons of resistance trends among various laboratories. Susceptibility testing should be performed on organisms recovered from sterile body sites, those that are isolated in pure culture, or those that are clinically important and have variable or unique susceptibility patterns. Organisms that should be considered for individual isolate testing include highly virulent pathogens for which susceptibility cannot be predicted, such as Bacteroides, Prevotella, Fusobacterium, and Clostridium spp.; Bilophila wadsworthia; and Sutterella wadsworthensis. This review describes the current methods for AST in research and reference laboratories. These methods include the use of agar dilution, broth microdilution, Etest, and the spiral gradient endpoint system. The antimicrobials potentially effective against anaerobic bacteria include beta-lactams, combinations of beta-lactams and beta-lactamase inhibitors, metronidazole, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, macrolides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones. The spectrum of efficacy, antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, and resistance patterns against these agents are described.
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Proteomic analysis of a NAP1 Clostridium difficile clinical isolate resistant to metronidazole. PLoS One 2014; 9:e82622. [PMID: 24400070 PMCID: PMC3882210 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic, Gram-positive bacterium that has been implicated as the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Metronidazole is currently the first-line treatment for mild to moderate C. difficile infections. Our laboratory isolated a strain of C. difficile with a stable resistance phenotype to metronidazole. A shotgun proteomics approach was used to compare differences in the proteomes of metronidazole-resistant and -susceptible isolates. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS NAP1 C. difficile strains CD26A54_R (Met-resistant), CD26A54_S (reduced- susceptibility), and VLOO13 (Met-susceptible) were grown to mid-log phase, and spiked with metronidazole at concentrations 2 doubling dilutions below the MIC. Peptides from each sample were labeled with iTRAQ and subjected to 2D-LC-MS/MS analysis. In the absence of metronidazole, higher expression was observed of some proteins in C. difficile strains CD26A54_S and CD26A54_R that may be involved with reduced susceptibility or resistance to metronidazole, including DNA repair proteins, putative nitroreductases, and the ferric uptake regulator (Fur). After treatment with metronidazole, moderate increases were seen in the expression of stress-related proteins in all strains. A moderate increase was also observed in the expression of the DNA repair protein RecA in CD26A54_R. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE This study provided an in-depth proteomic analysis of a stable, metronidazole-resistant C. difficile isolate. The results suggested that a multi-factorial response may be associated with high level metronidazole-resistance in C. difficile, including the possible roles of altered iron metabolism and/or DNA repair.
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Two multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of Bacteroides fragilis carry a novel metronidazole resistance nim gene (nimJ). Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:3767-74. [PMID: 23716049 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00386-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two multidrug-resistant Bacteroides fragilis clinical isolates contain and express a novel nim gene, nimJ, that is not recognized by the "universal" nim primers and can confer increased resistance to metronidazole when introduced into a susceptible strain on a multicopy plasmid. HMW615, an appendiceal isolate, contains at least two copies of nimJ on its genome, while HMW616, an isolate from a patient with sepsis, contains one genomic copy of nimJ. B. fragilis NimJ is phylogenetically closer to Prevotella baroniae NimI and Clostridium botulinum NimA than to the other known Bacteroides Nim proteins. The predicted protein structure of NimJ, based on fold recognition analysis, is consistent with the crystal structures derived for known Nim proteins, and specific amino acid residues important for substrate binding in the active site are conserved. This study demonstrates that the "universal" nim primers will not detect all nim genes with the ability to confer metronidazole resistance, but nimJ alone cannot account for the very high metronidazole MICs of these resistant clinical isolates.
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41
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Sóki J. Extended role for insertion sequence elements in the antibiotic resistance of Bacteroides. World J Clin Infect Dis 2013; 3:1-12. [DOI: 10.5495/wjcid.v3.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Bacteroides species are important micro-organisms, both in the normal physiology of the intestines and as frequent opportunistic anaerobic pathogens, with a deeply-rooted phylogenetic origin endowing them with some interesting biological features. Their prevalence in anaerobic clinical specimens is around 60%-80%, and they display the most numerous and highest rates of antibiotic resistance among all pathogenic anaerobes. In these antibiotic resistance mechanisms there is a noteworthy role for the insertion sequence (IS) elements, which are usually regarded as representatives of ‘selfish’ genes; the IS elements of Bacteroides are usually capable of up-regulating the antibiotic resistance genes. These include the cepA (penicillin and cephalosporin), cfxA (cephamycin), cfiA (carbapenem), nim (metronidazole) and ermF (clindamycin) resistance genes. This is achieved by outward-oriented promoter sequences on the ISs. Although some representatives are well characterized, e.g., the resistance gene-IS element pairs in certain resistant strains, open questions remain in this field concerning a better understanding of the molecular biology of the antibiotic resistance mechanisms of Bacteroides, which will have clinical implications.
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42
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He J, Chang Q, Hu F, Feng X, Zhu D, Yu L. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of anaerobes from patients with periodontal abscess in China. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2012; 66:97-8. [PMID: 23168405 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2012.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junlin He
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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43
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Abstract
Certain antimicrobial and anticancer drugs are only active following bioactivation within the target cell. Nitroimidazoles, nitrofurans and quinoxaline-di-N-oxides represent three chemical classes that are active as anti-tubercular drugs following intracellular bioreduction to reactive intermediates. Two nitroimidazoles are in clinical trials as new anti-tubercular drugs with significant bactericidal activity as well as activity on nonreplicating bacteria. Nitrofurans and quinoxaline-di-N-oxides, which are in preclinical development, also exhibit bactericidal activity and activity on nonreplicating bacteria. Current data indicate these drugs are bioreduced via distinct pathways that yield reactive free radical species. Since flux though each system would become saturated due to enzyme kinetics, cellular uptake or maximum drug concentration attainable in the host, one may propose that using three distinct systems simultaneously could produce a larger burst of free radicals to rapidly and efficiently kill bacteria and shorten the time to cure for tuberculosis. Arguments for the possible development of a novel combination therapy with maximized bacterial cell killing and the possibility of shortening the time to cure will be presented.
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Galvão BPGV, Meggersee RL, Abratt VR. Antibiotic resistance and adhesion potential of Bacteroides fragilis clinical isolates from Cape Town, South Africa. Anaerobe 2011; 17:142-6. [PMID: 21530667 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2011.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The minimum inhibitory concentrations of 23 Bacteroides fragilis clinical isolates from Cape Town, South Africa, were established using the E-test method. Eight percent of the strains were found to be highly resistant to metronidazole (≥256 mg/L) imipenem and cefoxitin. This is an 8% increase in resistance compared to the previous metronidazole susceptibility screening performed in South Africa in 1998. Clindamycin was the most effective antibiotic with all strains showing sensitivity. Most of the strains (65%) were tetracycline resistant, while one strain, B. fragilis GSH15, showed multidrug resistance to metronidazole, imipenem, cefoxitin and tetracycline. PCR screening revealed that none of the strains contained any of the published nim genes. The particle agglutination assay was employed to determine the ability of the isolates to bind the ECM components fibronectin, laminin, mucin and collagen. This revealed that 78% of the clinical isolates adhered to all four ECM components to varying extents, with the strongest being to laminin and weakest to mucin and collagen Type I.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P G V Galvão
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
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45
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Alauzet C, Marchandin H, Lozniewski A. New insights into Prevotella diversity and medical microbiology. Future Microbiol 2011; 5:1695-718. [PMID: 21133690 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.10.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In light of recent studies based on cultivation-independent methods, it appears that the diversity of Prevotella in human microbiota is greater than was previously assumed from cultivation-based studies, and that the implication of these bacteria in several human diseases was unrecognized. While some Prevotella taxa were found during opportunistic infections, changes in Prevotella abundance and diversity were discovered during dysbiosis-associated diseases. As member of the microbiota, Prevotella may also be considered as a reservoir for resistance genes. Greater knowledge on Prevotella diversity, as well as new insights into its pathogenic potential and implication in dysbiosis are expected from the use of human microbe identification microarrays, from whole-genome sequence analyse, and from the NIH Human Microbiome Project data. New approaches, including molecular-based methods, could contribute to improve the diagnosis of Prevotella infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentine Alauzet
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, EA 4369, Faculté de Médecine, Nancy Université, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
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