Retina as a window to systemic hypertension: From hypertensive retinopathy to artificial intelligence-driven microvascular biomarkers

doi:10.5494/wjh.124669

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World Journal of Hypertension

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2220-3168

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Hypertens. Sep 26, 2026; 12(1): 124669
Published online Sep 26, 2026. doi: 10.5494/wjh.124669

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Figure 1 Progressive retinal manifestations of systemic hypertension.

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Figure 2 Quantitative retinal vascular biomarkers of systemic hypertension.

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Figure 3 Multimodal retinal imaging biomarkers of hypertension-related microvascular injury. OCT: Optical coherence tomography.

Citation: Tlaiss Y, Akiki S, Moussawi N, Zeidan R, Zghaib A, Fassih I. Retina as a window to systemic hypertension: From hypertensive retinopathy to artificial intelligence-driven microvascular biomarkers. World J Hypertens 2026; 12(1): 124669
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3168/full/v12/i1/124669.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5494/wjh.124669

Tlaiss Y, Akiki S, Moussawi N, Zeidan R, Zghaib A, Fassih I. Retina as a window to systemic hypertension: From hypertensive retinopathy to artificial intelligence-driven microvascular biomarkers. World J Hypertens 2026; 12(1): 124669 [DOI: 10.5494/wjh.124669]

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