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Elattar MM, Darwish RS, Hammoda HM, Dawood HM. An ethnopharmacological, phytochemical, and pharmacological overview of onion (Allium cepa L.). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 324:117779. [PMID: 38262524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the most widely distributed species within the Allium genus of family Amaryllidaceae. Onion has been esteemed for its medicinal properties since antiquity. It has been consumed for centuries in various indigenous cultures for the management of several ailments including microbial infections, respiratory, gastrointestinal, skin and cardio-vascular disorders, diabetes, renal colic, rheumatism, sexual impotence, menstrual pain, and headache. However, so far, there is a scarcity of recent data that compiles the plant chemistry, traditional practices, biological features, and toxicity. AIM OF THE WORK The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive and analytical overview of ethnopharmacological uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, industrial applications, quality control, and toxicology of onion, to offer new perspectives and broad scopes for future studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS The information gathered in this review was obtained from various sources including books, scientific databases such as Science Direct, Wiley, PubMed, Google Scholar, and other domestic and foreign literature. RESULTS Onion has a long history of use as a traditional medicine for management of various conditions including infectious, inflammatory, respiratory, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and erectile dysfunction. More than 400 compounds have been identified in onion including flavonoids, phenolic acids, amino acids, peptides, saponins and fatty acids. The plant extracts and compounds showed various pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemic, anticancer, aphrodisiac, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective activities. In addition to its predominant medicinal uses, onion has found various applications in the functional food industry. CONCLUSION Extensive literature analysis reveals that onion extracts and bioactive constituents possess diverse pharmacological activities that can be beneficial for treating various diseases. However, the current research primarily revolves around the documentation of ethnic pharmacology and predominantly consists of in vitro studies, with relatively limited in vivo and clinical studies. Consequently, it is imperative for future investigations to prioritize and expand the scope of in vivo and clinical research. Additionally, it is strongly recommended to direct further research efforts towards toxicity studies and quality control of the plant. These studies will help bridge the current knowledge gaps and establish a solid basis for exploring the plant's potential uses in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam M Elattar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt.
| | - Reham S Darwish
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Hala M Hammoda
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Hend M Dawood
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt
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Sharma D, Shree B, Kumar S, Kumar V, Sharma S, Sharma S. Stress induced production of plant secondary metabolites in vegetables: Functional approach for designing next generation super foods. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 192:252-272. [PMID: 36279745 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites are vital for human health leading to the gain the access to natural products. The quality of crops is the result of the interaction of different biotic and abiotic factors. Abiotic stresses during plant growth may reduce the crop performance and quality of the produce. However, abiotic stresses can result in numerous physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses in plants, aiming to deal with these conditions. Abiotic stresses are also elicitors of the biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites in plants which possess plant defense mechanisms as well as human health benefits such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidative properties etc. Plants either synthesize new compounds or alter the concentration of bioactive compounds. Due to increasing attention towards the production of bioactive compounds, the understanding of crop responses to abiotic stresses in relation to the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds is critical. Plants alter their metabolism at the genetic level in response to different abiotic stresses resulting the changes in secondary metabolite production. Transcriptional factors regulate genes responsible for secondary metabolite biosynthesis in several plants under stress conditions. Understanding the signaling pathways involved in the secondary metabolite biosynthesis has become easy with the use of molecular biology. Therefore, aim of writing the review is to focus on secondary metabolite production in vegetable crops, their health benefits and transcription regulation under various abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Sharma
- MS Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, HP, India
| | - Bharti Shree
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, CSK HPKV, Palampur, 176062, HP, India
| | - Satish Kumar
- Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, 173230, HP, India.
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141027, India
| | - Shweta Sharma
- MS Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, HP, India.
| | - Shivam Sharma
- Department of Vegetable Science, CSK HPKV, Palampur, 176062, HP, India
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Kianian F, Marefati N, Boskabady M, Ghasemi SZ, Boskabady MH. Pharmacological Properties of Allium cepa, Preclinical and Clinical Evidences; A Review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2021; 20:107-134. [PMID: 34567150 PMCID: PMC8457748 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2020.112781.13946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Onion or Allium cepa (A. cepa) is one of the most important condiment plants grown and consumed all over the world. This plant has various therapeutic effects attributed to its constituents, such as quercetin, thiosulphinates and phenolic acids. In the present article, various pharmacological and therapeutic effects of A. cepa were reviewed. Different online databases using keywords such as onion, A. cepa, therapeutic effects, and pharmacological effects until the end of December 2019 were searched for this purpose. Onion has been suggested to be effective in treating a broad range of disorders, including asthma, inflammatory disorders, dysentery, wounds, scars, keloids and pain. In addition, different studies have demonstrated that onion possesses numerous pharmacological properties, including anti-cancer, anti-diabetic and anti-platelet properties as well as the effect on bone, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, nervous, respiratory, and urogenital systems effects such as anti-osteoporosis, anti-hypertensive, antispasmodic, anti-diarrheal, neuro-protective, anti-asthmatic and diuretic effects. The present review provides detailed the various pharmacological properties of onion and its constituents and possible underlying mechanisms. The results of multiple studies suggested the therapeutic effect of onion on a wide range of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Kianian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- F. K. and N. M. contributed equally to this work
| | - Narges Marefati
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- F. K. and N. M. contributed equally to this work
| | - Marzie Boskabady
- Dental Materials Research Center and Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyyedeh Zahra Ghasemi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hosein Boskabady
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Singh V, Shri R, Krishan P, Singh IP, Shah P. Isolation and characterization of components responsible for neuroprotective effects of Allium cepa outer scale extract against ischemia reperfusion induced cerebral injury in mice. J Food Sci 2020; 85:4009-4017. [PMID: 33051874 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant-mediated neuroprotective effect of Allium cepa outer scale extract (ACE) in mice with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury was demonstrated in our earlier work. The current investigation aimed at establishing the bioactive component(s) responsible for this activity. Thus ACE was fractionated into ethyl acetate (EF) and aqueous (AF) fractions. These fractions were evaluated against cerebral I-R injury in mice. I-R injury in mice was induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion followed by 24 hr reperfusion. Memory, sensorimotor functions, cerebral infarct size, and oxidative stress were measured to address the neuroprotective mechanism of test substances. EF showed marked improvement of memory and sensorimotor functions by reducing brain oxidative stress and infarct size in mice after I-R injury. The bioactive EF was subjected to chromatographic (HPLC-PDA, HPLC-MS, preparative HPLC) and spectroscopic studies to isolate and identify the neuroprotective compounds. This lead to separation of three components, namely quercetin, quercetin 4'-O-glucoside, and the remaining fraction, from EF. The separated components were biologically evaluated. These components showed improvement in mice with I-R injury. But, EF displayed more marked neuroprotective effects as compared to the isolated components. The distinct neuroprotective outcome of EF may be credited to the synergistic action of compounds present in EF. Further studies such as evaluation of neurotoxic effects and other possible neuroprotective mechanisms are required to develop EF as a neuroprotective drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, India.,Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Richa Shri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, India
| | - Pawan Krishan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, India
| | - Inder Pal Singh
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar, India
| | - Purvi Shah
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar, India
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Muscolo A, Papalia T, Settineri G, Mallamaci C, Panuccio MR. Sulfur bentonite-organic-based fertilizers as tool for improving bio-compounds with antioxidant activities in red onion. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:785-793. [PMID: 31612485 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red onion is popular in cuisines worldwide and is valued for its potential medicinal properties. Red onion is an important source of several phytonutrients such as flavonoids, thiosulfinates and other sulfur compounds, recognized as important elements of the diet. Nowadays, there is the need of producing food enriched in health benefit compounds. In this study, pads of sulfur bentonite (SB) with the addition of orange residue (OR) or olive pomace (OP) were used to improve the quality of red onion. The experiment was conducted for 3 months in the field to evaluate the phytochemicals of differently amended red onion. RESULTS Treated plants were better in quality than controls. Antioxidant activity, detected as DPPH, ORAC and ABTS, was highest in plants grown in the presence of SB enriched with agricultural wastes, particularly SB-OR. Polyphenols increased in all treated plants. The volatile fraction was clearly dominated by sulfur compounds that are strictly related to the concentration of the aroma precursors S-alkenyl cysteine sulfoxides. The greater amount of thiosulfinates in treated compared with untreated onion evidenced that SB pelletized with agricultural wastes can represent a new formulation of organic fertilizer able to improve the beneficial properties of onion. The results highlighted that the best red onion quality was obtained using SB-OR pads. CONCLUSION The use of SB bound with agricultural wastes represents a novel strategy to increase bio-compounds with beneficial effects on human health, to enhance the medical and economic values of sulfur-loving crops, with important consequences on the bio and green economy. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Muscolo
- Agriculture Department, Mediterranea University, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Teresa Papalia
- Agriculture Department, Mediterranea University, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | | | - Carmelo Mallamaci
- Agriculture Department, Mediterranea University, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Maria R Panuccio
- Agriculture Department, Mediterranea University, Reggio Calabria, Italy
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Jalalyazdi M, Ramezani J, Izadi-Moud A, Madani-Sani F, Shahlaei S, Ghiasi SS. Effect of hibiscus sabdariffa on blood pressure in patients with stage 1 hypertension. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2019; 10:107-111. [PMID: 31334091 PMCID: PMC6621350 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_402_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Using different drug regimens has been proved to have effective effects on lowering blood pressure, but the adverse effects of long-term usage such medications is evident. According to recent trend in suing herbal and traditional medicines, researchers have been focused on evaluating the effect of different herbals on managing hypertension. The aim of the present study is the evaluation of the antihypertensive effect one of these herbs, sour tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa), on stage one hypertension. Patients with stage one hypertension who were diagnosed by a cardiologist has been included in the present clinical trial after giving informed consent. The patients were divided into two groups. The control and case group received the same lifestyle and dietary advices for controlling blood pressure. The case group received two standard cup of sour tea every morning for 1 month. The blood pressure of both groups was documented at baseline and at the end of the study and the results were analyzed using SPSS software. A total of 46 patients participated in this study and there was no significant difference in terms of age and body mass index between groups. There was a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure in both groups, but the mean reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure was significantly higher in the case group (P = 0.004 and P < 0.001, respectively). Using H. sabdariffa as sour tea two times a day can be effective in managing blood pressure in stage one hypertension along with lifestyle and dietary modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Jalalyazdi
- Department of Cardiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Javad Ramezani
- Department of Cardiology, Atherosclerosis Prevention Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azadeh Izadi-Moud
- Department of Cardiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Shokufeh Shahlaei
- Department of Cardiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shirin Sadat Ghiasi
- Department of Cardiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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7
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Singh V, Krishan P, Shri R. Amelioration of ischaemia reperfusion-induced cerebral injury in mice by liposomes containing Allium cepa fraction administered intranasally. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:S982-S992. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1523181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Varinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
- Maharaja Agrasen School of Pharmacy, Maharaja Agrasen University, Baddi, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Pawan Krishan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - Richa Shri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
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Teshika JD, Zakariyyah AM, Zaynab T, Zengin G, Rengasamy KRR, Pandian SK, Fawzi MM. Traditional and modern uses of onion bulb (Allium cepaL.): a systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:S39-S70. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1499074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joaheer D. Teshika
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | | | - Toorabally Zaynab
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | | | | | - Mahomoodally M. Fawzi
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
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9
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Bahram-Parvar M, Lim LT. Fresh-Cut Onion: A Review on Processing, Health Benefits, and Shelf-Life. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:290-308. [PMID: 33350082 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The ready-to-eat produce market has grown rapidly because of the health benefits and convenience associated with these products. Onion is widely used as an ingredient in an extensive range of recipes from breakfast to dinner and in nearly every ethnic cuisine. However, cutting/chopping of onion is a nuisance to many consumers due to the lachrymatory properties of the volatiles generated that bring tears to eyes and leave a distinct odor on hands. As a result, there is now an increasing demand for fresh-cut, value-added, and ready-to-eat onion in households, as well as large-scale uses in retail, food service, and various food industries, mainly due to the end-use convenience. Despite these benefits, fresh-cut onion products present considerable challenges due to tissue damage, resulting in chemical and physiological reactions that limit product shelf-life. Intensive discoloration, microbial growth, softening, and off-odor are the typical deteriorations that need to be controlled through the application of suitable preservation methods. This article reviews the literature related to the fresh-cut onion, focusing on its constituents, nutritional and health benefits, production methods, quality changes throughout storage, and technologies available to increase product shelf-life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Loong-Tak Lim
- Dept. of Food Science, Univ. of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada
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10
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Tang GY, Meng X, Li Y, Zhao CN, Liu Q, Li HB. Effects of Vegetables on Cardiovascular Diseases and Related Mechanisms. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9080857. [PMID: 28796173 PMCID: PMC5579650 DOI: 10.3390/nu9080857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that vegetable consumption is inversely related to the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, research has indicated that many vegetables like potatoes, soybeans, sesame, tomatoes, dioscorea, onions, celery, broccoli, lettuce and asparagus showed great potential in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases, and vitamins, essential elements, dietary fibers, botanic proteins and phytochemicals were bioactive components. The cardioprotective effects of vegetables might involve antioxidation; anti-inflammation; anti-platelet; regulating blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipid profile; attenuating myocardial damage; and modulating relevant enzyme activities, gene expression, and signaling pathways as well as some other biomarkers associated to cardiovascular diseases. In addition, several vegetables and their bioactive components have been proven to protect against cardiovascular diseases in clinical trials. In this review, we analyze and summarize the effects of vegetables on cardiovascular diseases based on epidemiological studies, experimental research, and clinical trials, which are significant to the application of vegetables in prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Yi Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Xiao Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Ya Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Cai-Ning Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Qing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
- South China Sea Bioresource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Syed AA, Lahiri S, Mohan D, Valicherla GR, Gupta AP, Riyazuddin M, Kumar S, Maurya R, Hanif K, Gayen JR. Evaluation of anti-hypertensive activity of Ulmus wallichiana extract and fraction in SHR, DOCA-salt- and L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 193:555-565. [PMID: 27720848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ulmus wallichiana Planchon (Himalayan Elm), a traditional medicinal plant, used in fracture healing in folk tradition of Uttarakhand, Himalaya, India. It is also used as diuretic. U. rhynchophylla, native to China, known as Gou Teng in Chinese medicine, is used for hypertension (WHO). U. macrocarpa has antihypertensive and vasorelaxant activity. However, no detailed studies related to hypertension have been reported previously, so we have explored the antihypertensive activity of U. wallichiana. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the pharmacological effect of ethanolic extract (EE) and butanolic fraction (BF) of U. wallichiana in hypertensive rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS SHR, DOCA-salt- and L-NAME-induced hypertension models were used. Treatment was performed by oral administration of EE and BF of U. wallichiana (500mg/kg/day and 50mg/kg/day) for 14 days. Then blood pressure was measured by non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) measurement technique. Invasive blood pressure (IBP) was also reported to support the NIBP data. Concentrations of plasma renin, angiotensin II (Ang II), nitrate/nitrite (NO), cGMP were estimated. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity and ROS activity were also estimated. RESULTS Blood pressure was significantly higher in SHR as compared to normotensive wistar group (170.59±0.83mmHg vs 121.54±1.24mmHg, respectively). SBP was increased in DOCA-salt induced group compared to their control (132.77±3.90mmHg vs 107.85±5.95mmHg, respectively) and L-NAME-induced group compared to their control (168.55±5.07mmHg vs 113.03±4.13mmHg, respectively). The treatment of extract and fraction of U. wallichiana significantly decreased the blood pressure in SHR+EE (151.26±1.85mmHg, p<0.001), SHR+BF (140.44±1.16mmHg, p<0.001); DOCA+EE (113.43±5.44mmHg, p<0.05), DOCA+BF (105.09±5.12mmHg, p<0.05) and L-NAME+EE (119.76±4.39mmHg, p<0.001), L-NAME+BF (117.50±7.27mmHg, p<0.001) compared to their respective diseased control groups. The plasma renin, Ang II and ACE activity were also significantly decreased and augmented the NO and cGMP levels. It also down regulated the expression of Renin, ACE, NOS3 and TGF-β1 at mRNA levels. CONCLUSIONS The EE and BF probably reducing the BP via Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and NO/cGMP signaling pathway. The decrease in blood pressure may be due to presence of quercetin analogue flavonoids (2S,3S)-(+)-3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxydihydroflavonol-6-C-β-D-glucopyranoside; 6-Glucopyranosyl-3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone; 6-Glucopyranosyl-4',5,7-trihydroxyflavanone and (2S,3S)-(+)-4',5,7-trihydroxydihydroflavonol-6-C-β-D-glucopyranoside, may be due to its antioxidant activity. Thus EE and BF of U. wallichiana found to have the potential ability to be used as herbal medicament to treat hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anees A Syed
- Division of Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Shibani Lahiri
- Division of Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Divya Mohan
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Guru R Valicherla
- Division of Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Anand P Gupta
- Division of Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Mohammed Riyazuddin
- Division of Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Rakesh Maurya
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Kashif Hanif
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Division of Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
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12
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Patten GS, Abeywardena MY, Bennett LE. Inhibition of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme, Angiotensin II Receptor Blocking, and Blood Pressure Lowering Bioactivity across Plant Families. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 56:181-214. [PMID: 24915402 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.651176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease, kidney disease, and stroke. Interest in medicinal or nutraceutical plant bioactives to reduce hypertension has increased dramatically. The main biological regulation of mammalian blood pressure is via the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. The key enzyme is angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) that converts angiotensin I into the powerful vasoconstrictor, angiotensin II. Angiotensin II binds to its receptors (AT1) on smooth muscle cells of the arteriole vasculature causing vasoconstriction and elevation of blood pressure. This review focuses on the in vitro and in vivo reports of plant-derived extracts that inhibit ACE activity, block angiotensin II receptor binding and demonstrate hypotensive activity in animal or human studies. We describe 74 families of plants that exhibited significant ACE inhibitory activity and 16 plant families with potential AT1 receptor blocking activity, according to in vitro studies. From 43 plant families including some of those with in vitro bioactivity, the extracts from 73 plant species lowered blood pressure in various normotensive or hypertensive in vivo models by the oral route. Of these, 19 species from 15 families lowered human BP when administered orally. Some of the active plant extracts, isolated bioactives and BP-lowering mechanisms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen S Patten
- a CSIRO Preventative Health National Research Flagship, Animal, Food and Health Sciences , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - Mahinda Y Abeywardena
- a CSIRO Preventative Health National Research Flagship, Animal, Food and Health Sciences , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - Louise E Bennett
- b CSIRO Preventative Health National Research Flagship, Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Werribee , Victoria , British Columbia , Australia
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Lin YP, Lin LY, Yeh HY, Chuang CH, Tseng SW, Yen YH. Antihyperlipidemic activity of Allium chinense bulbs. J Food Drug Anal 2016; 24:516-526. [PMID: 28911557 PMCID: PMC9336657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Allium chinense is a medicinal plant and nutritional food commonly used in Eastern Asia. In this study, we investigated the in vitro antioxidant activity (scavenging of α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl free radical, total phenol content, reducing power, and total antioxidant activity) and constituents of various extracts from A. chinense. Moreover, we also studied the in vivo hypolipidemic effects of extracts on high-fat-diet Wistar rats. Ethanol extracts from A. chinense showed notable antioxidant activity, and its high-dose essential-oil extract both significantly reduced serum and hepatic total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein levels and increased serum high-density lipoprotein levels in high-fat-diet Wistar rats compared with those observed following treatment with the control drug probucol. Additionally, visceral fat in high-fat-diet Wistar rats was reduced. Furthermore, groups with high doses of essential-oil and residue extracts showed protective effects associated with histopathological liver alteration. These results suggested that A. chinense is a valuable plant worthy of further investigation as a potential dietary supplement or botanical drug.
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González-Peña D, Dudzik D, Colina-Coca C, de Ancos B, García A, Barbas C, Sánchez-Moreno C. Evaluation of onion as a functional ingredient in the prevention of metabolic impairments associated to diet-induced hypercholesterolaemia using a multiplatform approach based on LC-MS, CE-MS and GC-MS. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Hieda K, Sunagawa Y, Katanasaka Y, Hasegawa K, Morimoto T. Pharmacological effect of functional foods with a hypotensive action. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2015; 146:33-9. [PMID: 26165340 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.146.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Olayeriju OS, Olaleye MT, Crown OO, Komolafe K, Boligon AA, Athayde ML, Akindahunsi AA. Ethylacetate extract of red onion (Allium cepa L.) tunic affects hemodynamic parameters in rats. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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17
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Hieda K, Sunagawa Y, Katanasaka Y, Hasegawa K, Morimoto T. Antihypertensive effects of foods. World J Hypertens 2015; 5:53-62. [DOI: 10.5494/wjh.v5.i2.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for arteriosclerosis, which leads to cardiovascular disease and stroke. Several clinical trials revealed that control of the blood pressure is useful to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with these diseases. However, the protective efficacy against these complications still remains at less than 50% even if the high blood pressure is treated by current medical drugs. Healthy diets are expected to not only prevent but also treat lifestyle-related diseases. Improvement of the dietary life, including low-salt diets, appropriate alcohol consumption, and calorie restriction, is important for the prevention of hypertension. In addition, green tea, which has been drunk on a daily basis in Japan and China since ancient times, possesses an antihypertensive effect, and it was revealed that its components with this effect are catechins. Many studies have been performed on the antihypertensive effects of foods. Therefore, functional foods and their ingredients, reported to possess antihypertensive effects in animal experiments and human clinical trials, are summarized in this review. Blood pressure might be controlled by improvement of the daily eating habits based on evidence regarding these functional foods, and a healthy longevity can be expected.
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18
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Yamamoto Y, Aoyama S, Hamaguchi N, Rhi GS. Antioxidative and Antihypertensive Effects of Welsh Onion on Rats Fed with a High-Fat High-Sucrose Diet. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 69:1311-7. [PMID: 16041136 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.69.1311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The effects of Welsh onion on the development of hypertension and autoxidation were studied in 6-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were fed with a control diet or a high-fat high-sucrose (HFS) diet with or without 5% Welsh onion (green-leafy type or white-sheath type) for 4 weeks. The systolic blood pressure was elevated and the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in plasma were increased in the rats fed with the HFS diet without Welsh onion. The rats fed with the HFS diet containing Welsh onion, especially the green-leafy type, had lower blood pressure. They also had a higher level of nitric oxide (NO) metabolites in both the urine and plasma, lower activity of NADH/NADPH oxidase in the aorta, and suppressed angiotensin II production. The effect of white Welsh onion on decreasing the blood pressure was not significant, although the effects on increasing NO metabolites in the urine and decreasing NADH oxidase activity in the aorta were significant. The TBARS value in the plasma was lowered in the rats fed with either green or white Welsh onion, but the in vitro radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidative activities were much higher with green Welsh onion than with the white type. These results suggest that the green-leafy Welsh onion, but not the white type, reduced superoxide generation by suppressing the angiotensine II production and then the NADH/NADPH oxidase activity, increasing the NO availability in the aorta, and consequently lowering the blood pressure in the rats fed with the HFS diet. The radical scavenging and reducing antioxidative activities of green Welsh onion may also be effective in decreasing superoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Sugimoto 3-3-138, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
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Al Akeel R, Al-Sheikh Y, Mateen A, Syed R, Janardhan K, Gupta V. Evaluation of antibacterial activity of crude protein extracts from seeds of six different medical plants against standard bacterial strains. Saudi J Biol Sci 2014; 21:147-51. [PMID: 24600307 PMCID: PMC3942854 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A huge group of natural antimicrobial compounds are active against a large spectrum of bacterial strains causing infectious threat. The present study was conducted to investigate the crude extracts of antimicrobial protein and peptide efficacy from six medicinal plant seeds. Extraction was carried out in Sodium phosphate citrate buffer, and Sodium acetate buffer using different pH. Antimicrobial activities of these plants were determined by the microbiological technique using Agar well diffusion Assay. Extremely strong activity was observed in the seed extracts of Allium ascolinicum extracted in sodium phosphate citrate buffer at pH (5.8) against Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with zone of inhibition 17 mm, 17 mm and 15 mm and Rumex vesicarius at pH (7.6), Ammi majus at pH (6.8), Cichorium intybus at pH (7.4) and Cucumis sativus at pH (7.8) also showed better sensitivity against the bacterial strains with zone of inhibition ranges 16-10 mm and some of the strains were found to be resistant. Antibacterial activity pattern of different plant extracts prepared in sodium acetate buffer pH (6.5), among all the plant seed extracts used Foeniculum vulgare had shown good inhibition in all the bacterial strains used, with zone of inhibition ranges 11-12.5 mm, The extracts of C. intybus and C. sativus were found to be effective with zone of inhibition 11-6 mm and some of the strains were found to be resistant. Most of the strains found to have shown better sensitivity compared with the standard antibiotic Chloramphenicol (25 mcg). Our results showed that the plants used for our study are the richest source for antimicrobial proteins and peptides and they may be used for industrial extraction and isolation of antimicrobial compounds which may find a place in medicine industry as constituents of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raid Al Akeel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riaydh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yazeed Al-Sheikh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riaydh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayesha Mateen
- Central Research Institute for Unani Medicine, Opp. ESI, Hyderabad, A.P., India
| | - Rabbani Syed
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riaydh, Saudi Arabia
| | - K. Janardhan
- P.G. Department of Biotechnology, A.V. College, Hyderabad, A.P., India
| | - V.C. Gupta
- Central Research Institute for Unani Medicine, Opp. ESI, Hyderabad, A.P., India
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Mandukhail SUR, F. Ahmed A, M. Al-Yous H, Hamad Al-Q J, Gilani AH. The Mechanism Underlying the Spasmolytic and Bronchodilatory Activities
of the Flavonoid-rich Red Onion “Allium cepa L.”
Peel Extract. INT J PHARMACOL 2014. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2014.82.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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21
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Lee CW, Lee HS, Cha YJ, Joo WH, Kang DO, Moon JY. In vivo Investigation of Anti-diabetic Properties of Ripe Onion Juice in Normal and Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2014; 18:169-74. [PMID: 24471128 PMCID: PMC3892491 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2013.18.3.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The acute and subacute hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effects of drinkable ripe onion juice (Commercial product name is “Black Onion Extract”) were investigated in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. For tests of acute and subacute hypoglycemic effects, ripe onion juice (5 and 15 mL/kg b.w.) was administered by oral gavage to normal Sprague Dawley rats and measurements of fasting glucose levels and oral glucose tolerance tests were performed. Tolbutamide was used as a reference drug at a single oral dose of 250 mg/kg b.w. To test anti-hyper-glycemic activity, the ripe onion juice was administered to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by oral gavage at single dose of 15 mL/kg b.w. per day for 7 consecutive days. Oral administration of the ripe onion juice at either dosed level of 5 or 15 mL/kg b.w. showed no remarkable acute hypoglycemic effect in normal rats. The two dosed levels caused a relatively small reduction, only 18% and 12% (5 and 15 mL/kg b.w., respectively) decrease in glucose levels at 2 h after glucose loading in normal rats. However, at 3 h after glucose loading, blood glucose levels in the ripe onion juice-dosed rats were decreased to the corresponding blood glucose level in tolbutamide-dosed rats. Although showing weak hypoglycemic potential compared to that of tolbutamide, oral administration of ripe onion juice (15 mL/kg b.w.) for a short period (8 days) resulted in a slight reduction in the blood glucose levels that had elevated in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. In conclusion, these results suggest that the commercial product “Black Onion Extract” may possess anti-hyperglycemic potential in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Won Lee
- Institute of Marine BioTechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | | | - Yong-Jun Cha
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University, Gyeongnam 641-773, Korea
| | - Woo-Hong Joo
- Department of Biology, Changwon National University, Gyeongnam 641-773, Korea
| | - Dae-Ook Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Health Sciences, Changwon National University, Gyeongnam 641-773, Korea
| | - Ja-Young Moon
- Department of Biochemistry and Health Sciences, Changwon National University, Gyeongnam 641-773, Korea
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Huang WY, Davidge ST, Wu J. Bioactive natural constituents from food sources-potential use in hypertension prevention and treatment. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2013; 53:615-30. [PMID: 23627503 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2010.550071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Prevention and management of hypertension are the major public health challenges worldwide. Uncontrolled high blood pressure may lead to a shortened life expectancy and a higher morbidity due to a high risk of cardiovascular complications such as coronary heart disease (which leads to heart attack) and stroke, congestive heart failure, heart rhythm irregularities, and kidney failure etc. In recent years, it has been recognized that many dietary constituents may contribute to human cardiovascular health. There has been an increased focus on identifying these natural components of foods, describing their physiological activities and mechanisms of actions. Grain, vegetables, fruits, milk, cheese, meat, chicken, egg, fish, soybean, tea, wine, mushrooms, and lactic acid bacteria are various food sources with potential antihypertensive effects. Their main bioactive constituents include angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides, vitamins C and E, flavonoids, flavanols, cathecins, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, polyphenols, tannins, resveratrol, polysaccharides, fiber, saponin, sterols, as well as K, Ca, and P. They may reduce blood pressure by different mechanisms, such as ACE inhibition effect, antioxidant, vasodilatory, opiate-like, Ca(2+) channel blocking, and chymase inhibitory activities. These functional foods may provide new therapeutic applications for hypertension prevention and treatment, and contribute to a healthy cardiovascular population. The present review summarizes the antihypertensive food sources and their bioactive constituents, as well as physiological mechanisms of dietary products, especially focusing on ACE inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Yang Huang
- Department of Functional Food and Bioactive compounds, Institute of Agro-food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, PR China
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Moon J, Do HJ, Kim OY, Shin MJ. Antiobesity effects of quercetin-rich onion peel extract on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and the adipogenesis in high fat-fed rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 58:347-54. [PMID: 23684756 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of quercetin-rich onion peel extract (OPE) on anti-differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and the antiobesity in high-fat fed rats. We found that lipid accumulations and TG contents in 3T3-L1 cells were markedly suppressed by OPE. The mRNA levels of activating protein (AP2) were down-regulated and those of carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 α (CPT-1α) and fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) were up-regulated by 75 and 100 μg/ml OPE. Body weight, retroperitoneal and mesenteric fat weights of SD rats were significantly lower in the 8 week high fat (HF) diet+0.72% OPE group than in the HF group. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ mRNA levels were down-regulated in the epididymal fat of OPE than those of control and HF, and significant down-regulation of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)α mRNA levels in OPE was also observed than the control. The mRNA levels of CPT-1α and uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) were up-regulated by the OPE, while those of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) were down-regulated in HF and OPE groups compared to control group. These results suggest that quercentin-enriched OPE may have antiobesity effects by suppressing preadipocyte differentiation and inhibiting adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Moon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea University, Seoul 136-703, Republic of Korea
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Augusti KT, Jose R, Sajitha GR, Augustine P. A rethinking on the benefits and drawbacks of common antioxidants and a proposal to look for the antioxidants in allium products as ideal agents: a review. Indian J Clin Biochem 2012; 27:6-20. [PMID: 23277707 PMCID: PMC3286589 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-011-0146-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review article on the beneficial uses of Allium antioxidants tries to give some answers to the recent doubts raised by Singh et al. (Ind J Clin Biochem 25(3):225-243, 2010) against the claim of some researchers that Antioxidants (AOs) are miraculous molecules. Many people still believe that vitamins like A, C and E are the only true AOs that play important role in the corrections of metabolic derangements in life style diseases and hence all their faults are attributed to the failures of AOs as a class. This is quite unfair as there are many other natural AOs that do equal or even better AO action than the vitamins. Such is the case with the Allium S-alkyl sulfoxide aminoacids and their breakdown products viz, the various poly sulfides and their oxides e.g. allicin and ajoene type compounds which trap electrons mainly. It is true that antioxidant vitamins and β-carotene a precursor of Vitamin A bring about problems as prooxidant or as agents that block some metabolic pathways and gene expression. Again the argument that AOs cannot improve the level of antioxidant enzymes like SOD, catalase and glutathione Px is also not universal. Actually allium AOs can even spare the use of antioxidant vitamins in the body and enhance the action of antioxidant enzymes and supply of ATP and other nutrients to the tissues as the former are good vasodialators and promoters of membrane permeability. The use of AOs should be selective and moderate. Allium AOs satisfy the role of ideal AOs based on many of their invivo and invitro actions reported by the author and others. Their metabolits can regenerate them and recycle them for a sufficient time in the body. They have non antioxidant effects also such as antiplatelet, fibrinolytic, antiinflammatory, immunomodulatory, antiageing actions etc. Plant derived AOs may be more beneficial and better tolerated in their partially purified forms rather than in their absolutely purified forms as the accompanying principles have some protective and regulatory effects in general. This and other aspects of allium AOs are discussed in the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. T. Augusti
- Department of Biochemistry, Kerala University, R-1 Jainagar, Medical College PO, Trivandrum, Kerala 695011 India
| | - Regi Jose
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr. Somervell Memorial CSI Medical College Karakonam, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - G. R. Sajitha
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences, Kulasekharam, K.K.Dist, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Paul Augustine
- Department Surgical Oncology Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, 695011 India
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25
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Garlic and onion attenuates vascular inflammation and oxidative stress in fructose-fed rats. J Nutr Metab 2011; 2011:475216. [PMID: 21876795 PMCID: PMC3163016 DOI: 10.1155/2011/475216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2011] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the antioxidant and the anti-inflammatory properties of garlic (G) and onion (O) in fructose-fed rats (FFR). Thirty-day-old male Wistar rats were assigned to control (C), F (10% fructose in drinking water), F+T (tempol 1 mM as control antioxidant), F+G, and F+O. Aqueous G and O extracts were administered orally in doses of 150 and 400 mg/kg/d respectively, and along with tempol, were given during the last 8 weeks of a 14-week period. At the end of the study, FFR had developed insulin resistance, aortic NADPH oxidase activity, increased SBP, plasma TBARS and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression in mesenteric arteries, and a decrease in heart endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Garlic and onion administration to F rats reduced oxidative stress, increased eNOS activity, and also attenuated VCAM-1 expression. These results provide new evidence showing the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect of these vegetables.
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Chen ZY, Peng C, Jiao R, Wong YM, Yang N, Huang Y. Anti-hypertensive nutraceuticals and functional foods. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:4485-4499. [PMID: 19422223 DOI: 10.1021/jf900803r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that elevated blood pressure is one of the major risk factors for stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD). A close association between blood pressure and the incidence of cardiovascular diseases is well established if systolic/diastolic blood pressure is above 140/90 mmHg. In recent years, nutraceuticals and functional foods have attracted considerable interest as potential alternative therapies for treatment of hypertension, especially for prehypertensive patients, whose blood pressure is marginally or mildly high but not high enough to warrant the prescription of blood pressure-lowering medications. This review summarizes the findings of recent studies on the chemistry, production, application, efficacy, and mechanisms of popular blood pressure-lowering nutraceuticals and functional foods including the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet plan, L-arginine, chlorogenic acid, fermented milk, garlic, onion, tea, soybean, ginger, hawthorn, and fish oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
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Han X, Zheng T, Lan Q, Zhang Y, Kilfoy BA, Qin Q, Rothman N, Zahm SH, Holford TR, Leaderer B, Zhang Y. Genetic polymorphisms in nitric oxide synthase genes modify the relationship between vegetable and fruit intake and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18:1429-38. [PMID: 19423521 PMCID: PMC2965355 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-09-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species and other free radicals is involved in carcinogenesis. It has been suggested that high vegetable and fruit intake may reduce the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) as vegetables and fruit are rich in antioxidants. The aim of this study is to evaluate the interaction of vegetable and fruit intake with genetic polymorphisms in oxidative stress pathway genes and NHL risk. This hypothesis was investigated in a population-based case-control study of NHL and NHL histologic subtypes in women from Connecticut, including 513 histologically confirmed incident cases and 591 randomly selected controls. Gene-vegetable/fruit joint effects were estimated using unconditional logistic regression model. The false discovery rate method was applied to adjust for multiple comparisons. Significant interactions with vegetable and fruit intake were mainly found for genetic polymorphisms on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) genes among those with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms in the NOS1 gene were found to significantly modify the association between total vegetable and fruit intake and risk of NHL overall, as well as the risk of follicular lymphoma. When vegetables, bean vegetables, cruciferous vegetables, green leafy vegetables, red vegetables, yellow/orange vegetables, fruit, and citrus fruits were examined separately, strong interaction effects were narrowed to vegetable intake among patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Our results suggest that genetic polymorphisms in oxidative stress pathway genes, especially in the NOS genes, modify the association between vegetable and fruit intake and risk of NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Han
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Tongzhang Zheng
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Yaqun Zhang
- Gansu Provincial Design and Research Institute of Environmental Science, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | | | - Qin Qin
- Center for Toxicology and Environmental Health, University of Southern Maine. Portland, Maine, USA
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Shelia H. Zahm
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Brian Leaderer
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yawei Zhang
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Afkir S, Nguelefack TB, Aziz M, Zoheir J, Cuisinaud G, Bnouham M, Mekhfi H, Legssyer A, Lahlou S, Ziyyat A. Arbutus unedo prevents cardiovascular and morphological alterations in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats Part I: cardiovascular and renal hemodynamic effects of Arbutus unedo in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 116:288-295. [PMID: 18191352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2007] [Revised: 11/14/2007] [Accepted: 11/20/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension induced by nitric oxide synthase inhibition is associated with functional abnormalities of the heart and kidney. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether chronic treatment with Arbutus unedo leaf (AuL) or root (AuR) aqueous extracts can prevent these alterations. Six groups of rats were used: control group received tap water; N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl-ester (L-NAME) group treated with L-NAME at 40 mg/kg/day; AuL and AuR groups received simultaneously L-NAME (40 mg/kg/day) and Au leaves or roots extract at the same concentration 250 mg/kg/day; l-arginine and enalapril groups received simultaneously L-NAME (40 mg/kg/day) and l-arginine at 50mg/kg/day or enalapril at 15 mg/kg/day. Treatment of rats during 4 weeks with L-NAME caused an increase of the systolic blood pressure (SBP) accompanied by a ventricular hypertrophy, an impairment of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, an increase of the cardiac baroreflex sensitivity and a decrease of water, sodium and potassium excretion. The co-administration of AuL or AuR extracts with L-NAME reduces the development of increased SBP, ameliorates the vascular reactivity as well as the baroreflex sensitivity and normalizes the renal function. AuR reduces the ventricular hypertrophy but AuL do not. Enalapril associated with L-NAME reverses the majority of alterations induced by L-NAME while l-arginine only lightly ameliorates the vascular reactivity. These results show that chronic treatment with Arbutus extract regress the development of hypertension and ameliorate cardiovascular and renal functions in NO deficient hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saida Afkir
- UFR Physiologie et Pharmacologie, Laboratoire de Physiologie et Ethnopharmacologie, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohamed Premier, BP 717, Bd Mohamed VI, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
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