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World J Exp Med. Sep 20, 2025; 15(3): 103154
Published online Sep 20, 2025. doi: 10.5493/wjem.v15.i3.103154
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based plasma metabolomics analysis in hypertensive patients with Yin deficiency and Yang hyperactivity syndrome
Dinala Jialiken, Jing Dai, Ya-Dong Fan, Hai-Tao Zhang, Jin-Jun Shan, Wei-Chen Xu, Chong Zou
Dinala Jialiken, Jing Dai, Ya-Dong Fan, Hai-Tao Zhang, Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210004, Jiangsu Province, China
Jin-Jun Shan, Wei-Chen Xu, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210004, Jiangsu Province, China
Chong Zou, Department of GCP Research Center, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210004, Jiangsu Province, China
Co-first authors: Dinala Jialiken and Jing Dai.
Author contributions: Jialiken D, Dai J, and Fan YD contributed to data curation; Jialiken D and Fan YD contributed to investigation and writing of the original draft; Jialiken D, Zhang HT, and Xu WC contributed to formal analysis; Fan YD contributed to methodology; Shan JJ contributed to manuscript review & editing; Zou C contributed to supervision, funding acquisition, project administration, and manuscript review & editing.
Supported by the Projects of Design and Statistics of Clinical Trials in Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. A YXC2022-01-01 10; Exploring the Mechanism by which Pingyang Yuyin Granules Improve Hypertensive Kidney Injury Based on the 'Balance' Theory of PPARγ/HGF and TGF-β1/Smads Signaling Pathways, No. Y2022ZR09.
Institutional review board statement: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of traditional Chinese Medicine (Approval No. 2019NL-190-02). All procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.
Informed consent statement: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their inclusion in the study. Participants were informed about the study objectives, procedures, potential risks, and benefits, and their right to withdraw at any time without consequences.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors have no competing interests to disclose.
CONSORT 2010 statement: The authors have read the CONSORT 2010 statement, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the CONSORT 2010 statement.
Data sharing statement: The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Data sharing complies with institutional and ethical guidelines to ensure participant confidentiality.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Chong Zou, PhD, Professor, Department of GCP Research Center, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Qinhuai District, Nanjing 210004, Jiangsu Province, China. yfy105@njucm.edu.cn
Received: November 11, 2024
Revised: February 28, 2025
Accepted: June 3, 2025
Published online: September 20, 2025
Processing time: 275 Days and 3.3 Hours
Core Tip

Core Tip: Metabolomic profiling of hypertensive patients with Yin deficiency and Yang hyperactivity syndrome identified 20 potential biomarkers and four metabolic pathways. These biomarkers and pathways distinguished hypertensive patients with Yin deficiency and Yang hyperactivity syndrome from healthy controls. These potential biomarkers and pathways suggest the underlying metabolic basis of Yin deficiency and Yang hyperactivity syndrome in hypertensive patients. The metabolomic profiles provide novel insights into the mechanisms of Yin deficiency and Yang hyperactivity syndrome in hypertensive patients.