Lempesis IG, Georgakopoulou VE. Physiopathological mechanisms related to inflammation in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. World J Exp Med 2023; 13(3): 7-16 [PMID: 37396883 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v13.i3.7]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Vasiliki E Georgakopoulou, Doctor, MSc, Doctor, Department of Infectious Diseases-COVID-19 Unit, Laiko General Hospital, 17 Agiou Thoma Street, Athens 11527, Greece. vaso_georgakopoulou@hotmail.com
Research Domain of This Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Article-Type of This Article
Review
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Exp Med. Jun 20, 2023; 13(3): 7-16 Published online Jun 20, 2023. doi: 10.5493/wjem.v13.i3.7
Physiopathological mechanisms related to inflammation in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Ioannis G Lempesis, Vasiliki E Georgakopoulou
Ioannis G Lempesis, Vasiliki E Georgakopoulou, Department of Infectious Diseases-COVID-19 Unit, Laiko General Hospital, Athens 11527, Greece
Author contributions: Lempesis IG and Georgakopoulou VE designed research; Lempesis IG and Georgakopoulou VE performed research; Lempesis IG wrote the article; Georgakopoulou VE revised the article.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the author declare no conflict of interests for this article.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Vasiliki E Georgakopoulou, Doctor, MSc, Doctor, Department of Infectious Diseases-COVID-19 Unit, Laiko General Hospital, 17 Agiou Thoma Street, Athens 11527, Greece. vaso_georgakopoulou@hotmail.com
Received: January 15, 2023 Peer-review started: January 15, 2023 First decision: February 8, 2023 Revised: February 15, 2023 Accepted: April 10, 2023 Article in press: April 10, 2023 Published online: June 20, 2023
Abstract
Overweight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus pose global health problems that are ever-increasing. A chronic low-grade inflammatory status and the presence of various pro-inflammatory markers either in circulation or within dysfunctional metabolic tissues are well established. The presence of these factors can, to some extent, predict disease development and progression. A central role is played by the presence of dysfunctional adipose tissue, liver dysfunction, and skeletal muscle dysfunction, which collectively contribute to the increased circulatory levels of proinflammatory factors. Weight loss and classical metabolic interventions achieve a decrease in many of these factors’ circulating levels, implying that a better understanding of the processes or even the modulation of inflammation may alleviate these diseases. This review suggests that inflammation plays a significant role in the development and progression of these conditions and that measuring inflammatory markers may be useful for assessing disease risk and development of future treatment methods.
Core Tip: A significant amount of literature indicates the relationship between increased inflammatory markers and overweight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Even though the role of inflammation in the development and progression of these conditions is uncertain, the potential use of inflammatory markers as diagnostic and prognostic tools is under vigorous investigation. Weight loss and lifestyle interventions result on reduction of inflammatory markers in individuals with overweight and obesity and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus.
