Effect of propolis and honey in hyperglycemia-induced kidney and liver injuries, proteinuria, and oxidant and antioxidant parameters

Figure 1 Histopathological changes in kidney tissues after D-glucose administration with and without honey, propolis, and their combination. A: Control, normal; B: D-glucose + honey, mild vascular congestion; C: D-glucose + propolis, mild vascular congestion; D: D-glucose + honey + propolis, mild vascular congestion; E: D-glucose, vascular congestion + hemorrhagic foci of the kidneys.

Figure 2 Histopathological changes in liver tissues after D-glucose administration with and without honey, propolis, and their combination. A: Control, hepatocytes in the process of necrosis and inflammatory infiltrate in the portal tracts; B: Honey, hepatocyte necrosis and dilation of the centrilobular vein; C: Propolis, vascular congestion and hepatocyte necrosis; D: Honey + Propolis, normal; E: D-glucose, hepatocyte necrosis. DG: D-glucose; H: Honey; P: Propolis.

Figure 3 Histopathological changes in pancreatic tissues after D-glucose administration with and without honey, propolis, and their combination. A: Control, many islets of Langerhans and of Langerhans rich in cells (250c/islet); B: Honey, many islets of Langerhans and of Langerhans rich in cells (150c/islet); C: Propolis, few islets of Langerhans and of Langerhans rich in cells (50c/islet).; D: D-glucose + honey + propolis, few islets of Langerhans and of Langerhans rich in cells (50c/ islet); E: D-glucose, absence islets of Langerhans. DG: D-glucose; H: Honey; P: Propolis.